Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107741
Júlia Vianna de Pinho, Michael Ribas Celano, Mauro Cesar Palmeira Vilar, Fábio Verissimo Correia, Aloysio da S. Ferrão-Filho
{"title":"Zooplankton Are Adversely Affected by Chronic Exposure to Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Acetamiprid: A Study of Single and Combined Toxicity","authors":"Júlia Vianna de Pinho, Michael Ribas Celano, Mauro Cesar Palmeira Vilar, Fábio Verissimo Correia, Aloysio da S. Ferrão-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107740
Jiping Zhang, Qiyuan Fu, Sisi Cheng, Hai Ren, Ye Mu, Jiahuan Liu
The increasing accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) in marine environment poses significant ecological and economic risks, particularly for commercially important species such as abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). This study investigated the effects of dietary polystyrene NPs (0,1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) on abalone over a 21-day exposure period, and the groups were designated as control, NPs1, NPs10 and NPs100, respectively. Results demonstrated that NPs impaired antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in cell-free hemolymph (1.83-fold higher in the NPs100 group than in control), together with reduced superoxide dismutase activity, decreased total antioxidant capacity, and inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Immune suppression was observed through decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities. Muscle texture deterioration was observed (muscle hardness decreased to 0.42-fold of the control level in NPs100 group), which was associated with reduced protein content, inhibition of the mTOR pathway, and upregulation of proteolytic genes (capn1, capn2, ctsl and ctsb). In the digestive gland, NPs induced lipid accumulation (increased to 1.20-fold of the control level in the NPs100 group), accompanied by suppressed lipolysis-related genes (atgl, hsl, cpt-1 and acox) and enhanced lipogenesis-related genes (srebp-1c, acc and scd) expression. Additionally, NPs upregulated inflammation-related genes (myd88, nf-κb, tnf-α and il-17) and apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, CytC and cleaved caspase-3), along with histopathological changes and reduced digestive enzyme activities. These findings indicate that NPs impair abalone health and muscle quality through oxidative stress, metabolic disruption, apoptosis and protein turnover. Primary adverse effects were mainly observed at ≥10 mg/kg after 21 days, with the most pronounced responses at 100 mg/kg. The mTOR, NF-κB, and Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathways were the main targets of the biological effects induced by NPs.
{"title":"Effects of dietary nanoplastics exposure on muscle quality, immunity, antioxidative capacity and digestive gland function of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)","authors":"Jiping Zhang, Qiyuan Fu, Sisi Cheng, Hai Ren, Ye Mu, Jiahuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107740","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) in marine environment poses significant ecological and economic risks, particularly for commercially important species such as abalone (<ce:italic>Haliotis discus hannai</ce:italic>). This study investigated the effects of dietary polystyrene NPs (0,1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) on abalone over a 21-day exposure period, and the groups were designated as control, NPs1, NPs10 and NPs100, respectively. Results demonstrated that NPs impaired antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in cell-free hemolymph (1.83-fold higher in the NPs100 group than in control), together with reduced superoxide dismutase activity, decreased total antioxidant capacity, and inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Immune suppression was observed through decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities. Muscle texture deterioration was observed (muscle hardness decreased to 0.42-fold of the control level in NPs100 group), which was associated with reduced protein content, inhibition of the mTOR pathway, and upregulation of proteolytic genes (<ce:italic>capn1, capn2, ctsl</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>ctsb</ce:italic>). In the digestive gland, NPs induced lipid accumulation (increased to 1.20-fold of the control level in the NPs100 group), accompanied by suppressed lipolysis-related genes (<ce:italic>atgl, hsl, cpt-1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>acox</ce:italic>) and enhanced lipogenesis-related genes (<ce:italic>srebp-1c, acc</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>scd</ce:italic>) expression. Additionally, NPs upregulated inflammation-related genes (<ce:italic>myd88, nf-κb, tnf-α</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>il-17</ce:italic>) and apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, CytC and cleaved caspase-3), along with histopathological changes and reduced digestive enzyme activities. These findings indicate that NPs impair abalone health and muscle quality through oxidative stress, metabolic disruption, apoptosis and protein turnover. Primary adverse effects were mainly observed at ≥10 mg/kg after 21 days, with the most pronounced responses at 100 mg/kg. The mTOR, NF-κB, and Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathways were the main targets of the biological effects induced by NPs.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107737
Carley E. Winter, Clare L. Kilgour, Colin J. Brauner, Chris M. Wood, Patricia M. Schulte
Road salt, primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), is frequently used as a de-icer during cold seasons. In the Vancouver Lower Mainland (VLM) region of British Columbia, Canada, road salt is contaminating local streams where Pacific salmon spawn. The provincial acute water quality guideline is 600 mg L-1 Cl-, yet road salt contamination is resulting in pulses of salinity estimated to exceed this guideline by over 11-fold. In the VLM, the spawning and subsequent rearing period of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) directly overlaps with these pulses of salinity. This study investigates the lethal and sublethal effects of road salt pulses on coho salmon by simulating an environmentally realistic pulse of road salt at different stages of development. We exposed coho embryos to a 24-h salt pulse at five environmentally relevant salt concentrations at <1 h post-fertilization or at 50% hatch. To investigate effects on fertilization success, we used a 5-min salt exposure at the time of fertilization. Following salt exposures, coho were returned to freshwater to rear until swim-up to assess survival and presence of deformities. There was no effect of salt exposure on fertilization, but the <1 h post-fertilization exposure group was sensitive to a salt pulse, as there was significant mortality, persistent ionoregulatory disruptions, and increased deformities. Upon hatching, exposed embryos exhibited a decrease in body length and larger yolk sac volume, suggesting that the early salt pulse disrupted embryonic development. Our research highlights an urgent need for improved road salting practices to protect developing coho salmon.
{"title":"Road Salt Creates a Slippery Slope for Pacific Salmon: Environmentally Realistic Salt Pulses Have Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Developing Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)","authors":"Carley E. Winter, Clare L. Kilgour, Colin J. Brauner, Chris M. Wood, Patricia M. Schulte","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107737","url":null,"abstract":"Road salt, primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), is frequently used as a de-icer during cold seasons. In the Vancouver Lower Mainland (VLM) region of British Columbia, Canada, road salt is contaminating local streams where Pacific salmon spawn. The provincial acute water quality guideline is 600 mg L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup>, yet road salt contamination is resulting in pulses of salinity estimated to exceed this guideline by over 11-fold. In the VLM, the spawning and subsequent rearing period of coho salmon (<ce:italic>Oncorhynchus kisutch</ce:italic>) directly overlaps with these pulses of salinity. This study investigates the lethal and sublethal effects of road salt pulses on coho salmon by simulating an environmentally realistic pulse of road salt at different stages of development. We exposed coho embryos to a 24-h salt pulse at five environmentally relevant salt concentrations at <1 h post-fertilization or at 50% hatch. To investigate effects on fertilization success, we used a 5-min salt exposure at the time of fertilization. Following salt exposures, coho were returned to freshwater to rear until swim-up to assess survival and presence of deformities. There was no effect of salt exposure on fertilization, but the <1 h post-fertilization exposure group was sensitive to a salt pulse, as there was significant mortality, persistent ionoregulatory disruptions, and increased deformities. Upon hatching, exposed embryos exhibited a decrease in body length and larger yolk sac volume, suggesting that the early salt pulse disrupted embryonic development. Our research highlights an urgent need for improved road salting practices to protect developing coho salmon.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107739
Chuan-Ho Tang, Ting-Ju Liu, Ching-Yu Lin, Hsing-Hui L
The bioaccessibility of plastic additives to particle feeders substantially increases with the occurrence of microplastics in the ocean, raising concerns about the detriment effects on coral health. In this study, untargeted lipidomics was adopted to identify signs of health risks in coral exposed to hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). A perturbation of lipid metabolism, which primarily showed a dose-dependent variation in polyunsaturated phospholipids (particularly 20:4, 20:5, 22:4 and 22:6-possessing species) due to a feedback effect boosting lipogenesis, was observed in the coral. A decrease in transcription activity affects the lipid biosynthesis, leading to a reduction in lipid oxygenation and peroxidation, which was inferred to be induced by HBCD in the coral. Based on their functions, variations in lipids, particularly ether glycerophosphocholines and vinyl ether glycerophosphoethanoamines, can compromise the physiological health of coral cells. Therefore, HBCD pollution in the ocean poses a potential threat to coral health.
{"title":"Untargeted lipidomic profiling reveals the effect of hexabromocyclododecane exposure on a branching coral","authors":"Chuan-Ho Tang, Ting-Ju Liu, Ching-Yu Lin, Hsing-Hui L","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107739","url":null,"abstract":"The bioaccessibility of plastic additives to particle feeders substantially increases with the occurrence of microplastics in the ocean, raising concerns about the detriment effects on coral health. In this study, untargeted lipidomics was adopted to identify signs of health risks in coral exposed to hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). A perturbation of lipid metabolism, which primarily showed a dose-dependent variation in polyunsaturated phospholipids (particularly 20:4, 20:5, 22:4 and 22:6-possessing species) due to a feedback effect boosting lipogenesis, was observed in the coral. A decrease in transcription activity affects the lipid biosynthesis, leading to a reduction in lipid oxygenation and peroxidation, which was inferred to be induced by HBCD in the coral. Based on their functions, variations in lipids, particularly ether glycerophosphocholines and vinyl ether glycerophosphoethanoamines, can compromise the physiological health of coral cells. Therefore, HBCD pollution in the ocean poses a potential threat to coral health.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107738
Kaile Huang , Xin Yan , Wenji Zhou , Cheng Lou , Bo Yan , Tao Chen , Fangli Wu , Wu Dong , Yongju Luo , Hongxing Chen , Lingtian Xie
Dietary route is predominant for metal accumulation in some aquatic organisms, yet the transfer of Cu from sediments to apex species and its endocrine effects on the organisms along the aquatic food chain remain poorly explored. In this study, the oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were exposed to Cu-amended sediments at environmentally relevant concentrations (Control: (Cont), 5.0 (Cu-L), 20.0 (Cu-M), and 200.0 (Cu-H) μg Cu/g dw) for 96 h, which were supplied to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) for 30 d Subcellular distribution of Cu in the L. variegatus, and tissue distribution in the D. rerio, and effects on the two species were evaluated. The results showed Cu was rapidly accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in the L. variegatus with a predominant heat-stable protein (HSP) subcellular fraction (> 40 %). Cu was distributed in all tissues in the D. rerio in a concentration dependent pattern. Cu altered the transcripts of genes related to Cu transporter (ctr1 and atp7a) and the levels of metallothionein (MT). Meanwhile, dietary Cu delayed gonadal development, altered the fitness components, affected the hormone levels and key genes modulating fish reproduction. These results have demonstrated that Cu at its environmental concentrations from abiotic environments can readily be transferred along the aquatic food chain and causes adverse endocrine effects on fish. This study suggests incorporation of dietary exposure in the framework of the ecological risk assessment of Cu in aquatic systems.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation and endocrine effects of sediment-derived copper transferred from oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus to fish Danio rerio","authors":"Kaile Huang , Xin Yan , Wenji Zhou , Cheng Lou , Bo Yan , Tao Chen , Fangli Wu , Wu Dong , Yongju Luo , Hongxing Chen , Lingtian Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary route is predominant for metal accumulation in some aquatic organisms, yet the transfer of Cu from sediments to apex species and its endocrine effects on the organisms along the aquatic food chain remain poorly explored. In this study, the oligochaetes (<em>Lumbriculus variegatus</em>) were exposed to Cu-amended sediments at environmentally relevant concentrations (Control: (Cont), 5.0 (Cu-L), 20.0 (Cu-M), and 200.0 (Cu-H) μg Cu/g dw) for 96 h, which were supplied to adult zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) for 30 d Subcellular distribution of Cu in the L. <em>variegatus</em>, and tissue distribution in the <em>D. rerio</em>, and effects on the two species were evaluated. The results showed Cu was rapidly accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in the L. <em>variegatus</em> with a predominant heat-stable protein (HSP) subcellular fraction (> 40 %). Cu was distributed in all tissues in the <em>D. rerio</em> in a concentration dependent pattern. Cu altered the transcripts of genes related to Cu transporter (<em>ctr1</em> and <em>atp7a</em>) and the levels of metallothionein (MT). Meanwhile, dietary Cu delayed gonadal development, altered the fitness components, affected the hormone levels and key genes modulating fish reproduction. These results have demonstrated that Cu at its environmental concentrations from abiotic environments can readily be transferred along the aquatic food chain and causes adverse endocrine effects on fish. This study suggests incorporation of dietary exposure in the framework of the ecological risk assessment of Cu in aquatic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 107738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107736
Jérémie D. Lebrun , Sabry El Kouch , Angéline Guenne , Julien Tournebize
After their application to agricultural soils, pesticides frequently reach surface waters, exposing aquatic organisms to fluctuating concentrations influenced by hydrological conditions. However, the influence of exposure dynamics on biological responses remains poorly investigated. In this study, the non-target amphipod Gammarus fossarum was exposed for four weeks in microcosms to environmentally realistic concentrations of three pesticide classes: the insecticide imidacloprid, the fungicide boscalid, and the herbicide bentazone. Two exposure scenarios were compared: (i) repeated short-term pulses mimicking runoff events and (ii) constant low-level exposures, both time-weighted average concentrations. Biochemical biomarkers (enzymes involved in essential functions and stress responses) and behavioural traits (locomotion, respiration, mating and feeding rate) were monitored to assess sublethal effects at cellular and individual levels. Both exposure regimes elicited changes in behaviour of animals and biochemical pathways. Notably, hyperactivity coupled with increased respiration occurred, with pesticide-specific intensity. Unlike repeated pulses, constant exposures to the insecticide and fungicide exerted more persistent inhibitory effects on feeding. Biochemical analyses revealed pesticide-specific disturbances in digestive metabolism, oxidative stress response, and neuronal activity, and suggested trade-offs in energy allocation under chronic chemical stress. Furthermore, these sublethal responses provide evidence of unintended impacts of these chemicals, even at concentrations compliant with environmental quality standards, to which wildlife is naturally exposed under various hydrological conditions. Since such disruptions in physiology and individual performance in this ecosystem engineer may precede population- and ecosystem-level consequences, our results highlight the need to integrate exposure dynamics and multi-level sublethal endpoints in ecotoxicological risk assessment to improve the protection of aquatic wildlife in agriculturally impacted freshwaters.
{"title":"Chronic sublethal effects of pulsed versus constant pesticide exposures on the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum: Behavioural and biochemical impairments under field-realistic conditions","authors":"Jérémie D. Lebrun , Sabry El Kouch , Angéline Guenne , Julien Tournebize","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After their application to agricultural soils, pesticides frequently reach surface waters, exposing aquatic organisms to fluctuating concentrations influenced by hydrological conditions. However, the influence of exposure dynamics on biological responses remains poorly investigated. In this study, the non-target amphipod <em>Gammarus fossarum</em> was exposed for four weeks in microcosms to environmentally realistic concentrations of three pesticide classes: the insecticide imidacloprid, the fungicide boscalid, and the herbicide bentazone. Two exposure scenarios were compared: (i) repeated short-term pulses mimicking runoff events and (ii) constant low-level exposures, both time-weighted average concentrations. Biochemical biomarkers (enzymes involved in essential functions and stress responses) and behavioural traits (locomotion, respiration, mating and feeding rate) were monitored to assess sublethal effects at cellular and individual levels. Both exposure regimes elicited changes in behaviour of animals and biochemical pathways. Notably, hyperactivity coupled with increased respiration occurred, with pesticide-specific intensity. Unlike repeated pulses, constant exposures to the insecticide and fungicide exerted more persistent inhibitory effects on feeding. Biochemical analyses revealed pesticide-specific disturbances in digestive metabolism, oxidative stress response, and neuronal activity, and suggested trade-offs in energy allocation under chronic chemical stress. Furthermore, these sublethal responses provide evidence of unintended impacts of these chemicals, even at concentrations compliant with environmental quality standards, to which wildlife is naturally exposed under various hydrological conditions. Since such disruptions in physiology and individual performance in this ecosystem engineer may precede population- and ecosystem-level consequences, our results highlight the need to integrate exposure dynamics and multi-level sublethal endpoints in ecotoxicological risk assessment to improve the protection of aquatic wildlife in agriculturally impacted freshwaters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 107736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107734
Yuhan Zhang , Miao Cao , Tongyue Wang , Yiqun Song , Sheng Wei , Xueping Guo , Ting Xu , Daqiang Yin
Artificial light at night (ALAN) has become a widespread environmental pollutant, altering natural light-dark cycles and posing significant risks to aquatic ecosystems. Fish are particularly sensitive to ALAN. While most existing studies have focused on the effects of ALAN on adult fish, its impacts during early developmental stages remain largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the stage-specific neurobehavioral and molecular responses of both adult and larval zebrafish exposed to ALAN. Based on our field research of ALAN, we exposed zebrafish to different wavelengths: red (628 nm), green (519 nm), and blue (465 nm) under 0.26 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ photon flux densities. Larval zebrafish were exposed for 6 days, while adult zebrafish were exposed for 14 days. Results showed that adult zebrafish exhibited significant anxiety-like behaviors when exposed to red and blue ALAN, whereas larvae showed reduced anxiety-like responses under the same conditions. Consistent with these behavioral patterns, neurochemical assays further demonstrated that catecholaminergic pathways were activated in adults but suppressed in larvae under red and blue ALAN exposure. Green ALAN caused minimal changes in both stages. These findings highlight the stage-specific neurotoxic risks of ALAN and provide mechanistic evidence linking catecholaminergic dysregulation to altered anxiety-like behaviors. They also offer significant mechanistic insights into how different colors of ALAN affected neural regulation in fish. Overall, this study provides guidance for ecological risk assessments of ALAN and highlights the importance of considering light spectrum and life stage in the development of aquatic lighting management strategies.
{"title":"Artificial light at night induces opposing neurotoxic effects in adult and larval zebrafish","authors":"Yuhan Zhang , Miao Cao , Tongyue Wang , Yiqun Song , Sheng Wei , Xueping Guo , Ting Xu , Daqiang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial light at night (ALAN) has become a widespread environmental pollutant, altering natural light-dark cycles and posing significant risks to aquatic ecosystems. Fish are particularly sensitive to ALAN. While most existing studies have focused on the effects of ALAN on adult fish, its impacts during early developmental stages remain largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the stage-specific neurobehavioral and molecular responses of both adult and larval zebrafish exposed to ALAN. Based on our field research of ALAN, we exposed zebrafish to different wavelengths: red (628 nm), green (519 nm), and blue (465 nm) under 0.26 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ photon flux densities. Larval zebrafish were exposed for 6 days, while adult zebrafish were exposed for 14 days. Results showed that adult zebrafish exhibited significant anxiety-like behaviors when exposed to red and blue ALAN, whereas larvae showed reduced anxiety-like responses under the same conditions. Consistent with these behavioral patterns, neurochemical assays further demonstrated that catecholaminergic pathways were activated in adults but suppressed in larvae under red and blue ALAN exposure. Green ALAN caused minimal changes in both stages. These findings highlight the stage-specific neurotoxic risks of ALAN and provide mechanistic evidence linking catecholaminergic dysregulation to altered anxiety-like behaviors. They also offer significant mechanistic insights into how different colors of ALAN affected neural regulation in fish. Overall, this study provides guidance for ecological risk assessments of ALAN and highlights the importance of considering light spectrum and life stage in the development of aquatic lighting management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 107734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107723
Siti Afida Ishak , Annas Salleh , Mei Ching Law , Ley Juen Looi , Murni Karim , Ahmad Zaharin Aris
Despite growing concerns over phthalates, the environmental fate and biological impact of alternative plasticisers such as tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) remain underexplored. This study assessed TOTM bioaccumulation and toxicological responses in Crassostrea (Magallana) saidii following 21-day exposures at 10 and 100 µg/L. TOTM was found to bioaccumulate in oysters in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, highlighting its persistence in marine ecosystems. Exposure to TOTM induced oxidative stress, evidenced by an immediate increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, followed by inhibition at 100 µg/L. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly inhibited in all exposure groups, with partial recovery observed at 10 µg/L but further inhibition at 100 µg/L. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest level of 219 mmol/g protein in the 100 µg/L group on day 21. Lipid peroxidation, indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, was observed, with the highest level of 1.89 µmol/g protein detected in the 10 µg/L group, followed by 1.67 µmol/g protein in the 100 µg/L group. Histopathological examination revealed marked tissue alterations, including gill ciliary deterioration, mantle epithelial disruption, and atrophy of the digestive gland. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TOTM, despite its classification as a safer alternative plasticiser, can induce sublethal yet ecologically relevant stress responses in marine bivalves. The observed bioaccumulation and impairment of antioxidant and digestive functions highlight the need to re-evaluate current assumptions regarding the environmental safety of non-phthalate plasticisers.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation and toxicological risks of tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) plasticiser in oysters: implications for marine ecosystem health","authors":"Siti Afida Ishak , Annas Salleh , Mei Ching Law , Ley Juen Looi , Murni Karim , Ahmad Zaharin Aris","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing concerns over phthalates, the environmental fate and biological impact of alternative plasticisers such as tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) remain underexplored. This study assessed TOTM bioaccumulation and toxicological responses in <em>Crassostrea (Magallana) saidii</em> following 21-day exposures at 10 and 100 µg/L. TOTM was found to bioaccumulate in oysters in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, highlighting its persistence in marine ecosystems. Exposure to TOTM induced oxidative stress, evidenced by an immediate increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, followed by inhibition at 100 µg/L. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly inhibited in all exposure groups, with partial recovery observed at 10 µg/L but further inhibition at 100 µg/L. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest level of 219 mmol/g protein in the 100 µg/L group on day 21. Lipid peroxidation, indicated by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, was observed, with the highest level of 1.89 µmol/g protein detected in the 10 µg/L group, followed by 1.67 µmol/g protein in the 100 µg/L group. Histopathological examination revealed marked tissue alterations, including gill ciliary deterioration, mantle epithelial disruption, and atrophy of the digestive gland. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TOTM, despite its classification as a safer alternative plasticiser, can induce sublethal yet ecologically relevant stress responses in marine bivalves. The observed bioaccumulation and impairment of antioxidant and digestive functions highlight the need to re-evaluate current assumptions regarding the environmental safety of non-phthalate plasticisers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 107723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2026.107733
Sienna L. Overduin , Michael R. Skeeles , Tommy Norin , Timothy D. Clark , Hanna Scheuffele , Jeremy De Bonville , Robert A. Griffin , Jenna Maccagno , Daniel S. Alessi , Fredrik Jutfelt , Tamzin A. Blewett
Group living, exemplified by shoaling fish, offers individuals physiological benefits including reduced stress responses (social buffering) and metabolism (the calming effect). These physiological benefits may have implications on toxicant accumulation in an aquatic environment. However, limited data exist on whether a social pair is sufficiently social to provide these benefits when compared to social isolation. We sought to investigate whether isolated and paired wild-caught anadromous threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) had different metabolic demands (oxygen uptake rate; ṀO2) and if ṀO2 drove accumulation of waterborne Cu, and whether these factors influenced the fish’s acute thermal tolerance (CTmax). Social isolation was hypothesized to elicit stress, increasing oxygen uptake and subsequent branchial accumulation of Cu, which in turn was predicted to limit the fish’s CTmax. Oxygen demand at the gills was not affected by Cu exposure nor social context. Despite this, isolated fish had on average 87% and 61% more Cu in their gill and intestinal tissue, respectively, compared to paired fish. This suggests that metabolism did not drive the observed socially mediated difference in tissue Cu burden. Rather the elevated tissue Cu may be endogenous, as increased Cu was also present in tissues of isolated fish that were not exposed to Cu. CTmax was marginally but significantly reduced to 32.9 °C (from 33.1° C) in fish that were exposed to Cu, though this is likely not biologically relevant. This study unearths interactions between social context and metal burden post-exposure, paving the way for future work examining sociality and toxicology in fish.
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