Aquatic Toxicology最新文献_第7页

Each temperature degree counts: warming enhances polystyrene nanoplastic toxicity via metabolic disruption in a marine cellular model 每个温度度都很重要：在海洋细胞模型中，通过代谢破坏，变暖增强了聚苯乙烯纳米塑料的毒性

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107685

Rafael Trevisan, Danielle Ferraz Mello, Adèle Le Gall, Charlotte Corporeau, Caroline Fabioux, Arnaud Huvet, Ika Paul-Pont

Climate change is significantly altering the thermal environment of marine species, causing shifts in animal metabolism through increased temperatures and more frequent marine heatwaves. These changes can impose additional physiological stress on coastal organisms, potentially worsening their sensitivity to environmental pollutants and metabolic disruptors such as plastics. Indeed, nanoplastics are concerning contaminants in marine ecosystems, with the potential to disrupt cellular metabolism and redox balance in aquatic organisms. This study examined if rising temperatures can influence the cellular toxicity of two model polystyrene nanoplastics (non-functionalized Plain-NanoPS and amino-functionalized NH₂-NanoPS) in primary cultures of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Magallana gigas) hemocytes. We exposed hemocytes to a range of nanoplastic concentrations (0.1 to 10 mg/L) at controlled temperatures from 16 °C to 28 °C and evaluated cellular responses using metabolic, oxidative, and viability biomarkers. This range of concentrations and temperatures reflects the NPs content in tissues and fluids, as well as temperature fluctuations in aquaculture sites and intertidal environments. Plain-NanoPS had minimal effects, while NH₂-NanoPS caused temperature-dependent toxicity, impairing ATP production, reducing metabolic activity, and increasing reactive oxygen species levels. Integrated cellular biomarker analysis showed a shift from an adaptive to a stress-dominated metabolic phenotype under combined NH₂-NanoPS exposure and warming conditions. Since both particle types exhibited similar surface charges in cell culture medium, factors other than surface charge might influence cellular toxicity. This research demonstrates that warming increases the metabolic toxicity of nanoplastics and can reduce the thermal resilience of oyster cells in vitro.

气候变化正在显著改变海洋物种的热环境，通过温度升高和更频繁的海洋热浪导致动物代谢发生变化。这些变化可能对沿海生物施加额外的生理压力，可能会恶化它们对环境污染物和塑料等代谢干扰物的敏感性。事实上，纳米塑料是海洋生态系统中的污染物，有可能破坏水生生物的细胞代谢和氧化还原平衡。本研究考察了温度升高是否会影响两种模型聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（非功能化的Plain-NanoPS和氨基功能化的NH₂-NanoPS）在太平洋牡蛎长牡蛎血细胞原代培养中的细胞毒性。我们在16°C至28°C的控制温度下，将血细胞暴露在纳米塑料浓度范围内（0.1至10 mg/L），并使用代谢、氧化和活力生物标志物评估细胞反应。这一浓度和温度范围反映了组织和流体中NPs的含量，以及水产养殖场和潮间带环境的温度波动。普通纳米ops的影响很小，而NH₂-NanoPS引起温度依赖性毒性，损害ATP的产生，降低代谢活性，增加活性氧水平。综合细胞生物标志物分析显示，在NH₂-NanoPS联合暴露和升温条件下，植物从适应性代谢表型转变为应激主导代谢表型。由于两种颗粒类型在细胞培养基中表现出相似的表面电荷，因此表面电荷以外的因素可能影响细胞毒性。本研究表明，变暖会增加纳米塑料的代谢毒性，并降低牡蛎细胞的体外热弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of atrazine and 2,4-D mixtures on aquatic fungi: Functional decline and community reorganization in subtropical streams 阿特拉津和2,4- d混合物对亚热带河流水生真菌功能衰退和群落重组的影响

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107683

Bruna da Silva , Adriana Oliveira Medeiros , William Gabriel Borges , Bárbara Lopes Körner , Amanda Cristina Ninov Pazini , Raquel de Brito , Cássia Alves Lima-Rezende , Cristiano Ilha , Jacir Dal Magro , Renan de Souza Rezende

Low-order streams provide critical ecosystem services but are increasingly threatened by agricultural intensification and agrochemical pollution. Atrazine and 2,4-D are among the most widely used herbicides worldwide; however, their combined effects on non-target microbial decomposers, particularly aquatic hyphomycetes that sustain detritus-based food webs, remain poorly understood. Here, we experimentally (25-day of incubation) evaluated the individual and interactive effects of atrazine, 2,4-D, and their mixture (1, 50, and 100 µg L⁻¹) at environmentally relevant concentrations on sporulation, richness, and community composition of aquatic hyphomycetes colonizing Inga vera leaves. Herbicide exposure affected fungal reproduction in a nonlinear and context-dependent manner, with the strongest reduction in sporulation (∼50 %) occurring in the mixture at medium concentration, while higher concentrations did not consistently intensify the response. Community ordination analyses revealed significant pollutant × dose interactions, with shifts in species assemblages driven by the proliferation of tolerant taxa such as Lunulospora curvula and Heliscella stellata. The observed decoupling between fungal function and structure supports the hypothesis of functional redundancy but also points to impaired colonization and reduced organic matter mineralization efficiency under chemical stress. Our findings demonstrate that sublethal endpoints, such as sporulation, provide early warning signals of agrochemical contamination, this study advances the ecological risk assessment of pesticide mixtures. It underscores the need to integrate functional microbial indicators into biomonitoring frameworks for tropical freshwater systems.

低阶溪流提供重要的生态系统服务，但日益受到农业集约化和农用化学品污染的威胁。阿特拉津和2,4- d是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂；然而，它们对非目标微生物分解者的综合影响，特别是维持以碎屑为基础的食物网的水生菌丝菌，仍然知之甚少。孵化的这里,我们实验(25日)评估阿特拉津的个体和交互影响,2,4 - d,和他们的混合物(1、50和100µg L⁻¹)在环境相关浓度孢子形成,丰富性和社区构成水生丝状菌类征服印加维拉树叶。除草剂暴露以非线性和环境依赖的方式影响真菌的繁殖，在中等浓度的混合物中，孢子量减少最多（约50%），而较高浓度的混合物并没有持续增强反应。群落排序分析揭示了显著的污染物剂量交互作用，物种组合的变化是由耐受性分类群（如Lunulospora curvula和Heliscella stellata）的增殖驱动的。观察到的真菌功能和结构之间的解耦支持了功能冗余的假设，但也指出了化学胁迫下的定植受损和有机物矿化效率降低。我们的研究结果表明，亚致死终点，如孢子量，提供了农药污染的早期预警信号，本研究促进了农药混合物的生态风险评估。它强调需要将功能性微生物指标纳入热带淡水系统的生物监测框架。

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引用次数: 0

Combined toxicity of nanoplastics and sodium fluoride to zebrafish liver: Impact on gut-liver axis homeostasis and lipid metabolism 纳米塑料和氟化钠对斑马鱼肝脏的联合毒性：对肠-肝轴稳态和脂质代谢的影响

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107682

Zizheng Wang , Boran Zhou , Yingxue Zhang, Yufei Cao, Yiqiang Zhang, Xu Han, Yu Wang, Hongjing Zhao

Nanoplastics and fluorides are widespread environmental pollutants, but their combined exposure risks to aquatic organisms and humans remain unclear. Studying their combined effect of inducing toxicity on the gut-liver axis at environmentally relevant concentrations is critical. Using zebrafish, this study evaluated toxic effects and mechanisms of single/combined exposure to 0.1 mg/L nanoplastics (NPs) and 15 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF). Integrating network toxicology and in vivo validation, combined exposure significantly disrupted intestinal structure, increased permeability, and disturbed microbiota balance. Gut microbiota dysbiosis mediated hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via the gut-liver axis by activating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, inducing liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis. The observed toxic effects are consistent with gut-liver axis homeostasis disruption, though definitive causal links have not been established. This reveals their combined effect of inducing liver injury by interfering with gut-liver axis homeostasis, providing a theoretical basis for assessing ecological risks of compound pollutants and scientific references for pollution management and aquatic ecological protection.

纳米塑料和氟化物是广泛存在的环境污染物，但它们对水生生物和人类的综合暴露风险尚不清楚。研究它们在环境相关浓度下对肠-肝轴诱导毒性的综合效应是至关重要的。本研究以斑马鱼为研究对象，评估了单一/联合暴露于0.1 mg/L纳米塑料（NPs）和15 mg/L氟化钠（NaF）的毒性作用和机制。综合网络毒理学和体内验证，联合暴露显着破坏了肠道结构，增加了渗透性，扰乱了微生物群平衡。肠道菌群失调通过激活TLR4/NF-κB通路，通过肠-肝轴介导肝脏脂质代谢紊乱，诱导肝脏炎症、氧化应激和肝细胞凋亡。观察到的毒性作用与肠-肝轴稳态破坏一致，尽管明确的因果关系尚未建立。揭示了它们通过干扰肠肝轴稳态诱导肝损伤的综合作用，为评价复合污染物的生态风险提供了理论依据，为污染治理和水生生态保护提供了科学参考。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics and bisphenol A exposure induce hepatopancreatic damage and lipid metabolism disorders in Portunus trituberculatus 微塑料和双酚A暴露可诱导三瘤鲳肝胰腺损伤和脂质代谢紊乱

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107681

Tao Zhang , Biqing Wen , Xunjie Huo , Jiayuan Ren , Xuerui Ge , Xiaocong Chen

This study exposed female Portunus trituberculatus crabs (developmental stages III-IV) to microplastics (MPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) individually or combined for 21 days. Assessments included growth, histology, enzyme/gene expression, and metabolomics. Both MPs and BPA caused hepatopancreatic damage and lipid accumulation but via distinct mechanisms. MPs groups showed downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene expression and upregulated fatty acid transport protein (FATP) genes, with reduced N-acetyl-d-glucosamine synthesis, suggesting disrupted energy metabolism (e.g., nucleotide sugar synthesis and ABC transport). BPA groups showed similarly downregulated ACC but upregulated FATP and Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (FABP) genes. Metabolomic shifts included decreased uric acid/prostaglandin F2α and increased glycochenodeoxycholic acid/inositol-1,3-bisphosphate, indicating estrogenic effects and hormonal imbalance. Combined exposure exacerbates hepatopancreatic injury and lipid metabolism disorders through complex mechanisms of action, highlighting heightened risks to aquatic ecosystems and potential human health impacts. The study underscores MPs and BPA as dual threats with unique and compounded toxicity pathways.

本研究将发育阶段为III-IV期的雌性三瘤蟹单独或联合暴露于微塑料（MPs）和双酚A （BPA）中21天。评估包括生长、组织学、酶/基因表达和代谢组学。MPs和BPA均引起肝胰腺损伤和脂质积累，但机制不同。MPs组乙酰辅酶a羧化酶（ACC）基因表达下调，脂肪酸转运蛋白（FATP）基因表达上调，n -乙酰-d-葡萄糖胺合成减少，提示能量代谢（如核苷酸糖合成和ABC转运）受到干扰。BPA组ACC基因同样下调，但FATP和脂肪酸结合蛋白（FABP）基因上调。代谢组学变化包括尿酸/前列腺素F2α降低，糖鹅去氧胆酸/肌醇-1,3-二磷酸升高，表明雌激素作用和激素失衡。通过复杂的作用机制，复合暴露加剧了肝胰损伤和脂质代谢紊乱，突出了对水生生态系统和潜在人类健康影响的更高风险。该研究强调MPs和BPA是具有独特和复合毒性途径的双重威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Are alternatives to polyethylene less toxic than conventional polyethylene? A case study of MP toxicity on Scrobicularia plana using an Integrative Biomarker Response index (IBR-T) 聚乙烯的替代品是否比传统聚乙烯毒性更小？应用综合生物标志物反应指数（IBR-T）研究MP对平面隐索菌的毒性

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107680

Clémentine Labbé , Isabelle Métais , Hanane Perrein-Ettajani , Mohammed Mouloud , Antoine Le Guernic , Oihana Latchere , Nicolas Manier , Amélie Châtel

Microplastics (MP) are now widely contaminating multiple ecosystems. To mitigate this pollution, the development of plastic alternatives is being promoted. However, scientific data on the absence of toxicity of these alternatives is still lacking. The present study assesses the impact of petroleum-based fragmentable MP, oxo-polyethylene (oxoPE), and biobased biodegradable MP, polylactic acid (PLA), on the bivalve Scrobicularia plana. Clams were exposed for 21 days to environmental concentrations (0.008, 10 and 100 μg L⁻¹) of both PLA and oxoPE MP and impacts were evaluated from individual to molecular levels. The effects of alternative MP were then compared with polyethylene MP ones, resulted from a previous study. An Integrative Biomarker Response - Threshold index (IBR-T) was calculated to assess the differences in toxicity between alternative and conventional plastics. An impact of PLA and oxoPE MP was shown on energy reserves, with a reduction in glycogen concentration in organisms exposed to the highest concentration (100 μg L⁻¹). A decrease in burrowing was also reported in S. plana exposed to 0.008 and 100 µg L⁻¹ of PLA MP. At cellular and molecular levels, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) activities decreased after exposure to PLA MP (10 and 100 μg L⁻¹ respectively) suggesting a disruption of antioxidant and detoxication systems, while no impact was noted on DNA damage, whatever the biodegradable MP. Analysis using IBR-T revealed greater effects of PLA (100 μg L⁻¹) on S. plana physiology compared to the different types of PE MP tested, while oxoPE MP showed limited toxicity. These findings support the importance of assessing the toxic effects of biodegradable and fragmentable MP to evaluate whether they can really be considered as a reliable alternative to conventional plastics.

微塑料（MP）正在广泛污染多种生态系统。为了减轻这种污染，人们正在推动塑料替代品的开发。然而，关于这些替代品没有毒性的科学数据仍然缺乏。本研究评估了石油基可破碎MP，氧聚乙烯（oxoPE）和生物基可生物降解MP，聚乳酸（PLA）对双壳类浮游生物的影响。将蛤蜊暴露于环境浓度（0.008、10和100 μg L−1）的PLA和oxoPE MP中21天，从个体到分子水平评估其影响。然后将替代MP的效果与聚乙烯MP的效果进行比较，这是先前研究的结果。计算了综合生物标志物反应阈值指数（IBR-T）来评估替代塑料和传统塑料之间的毒性差异。PLA和oxoPE MP对能量储备有影响，暴露于最高浓度（100 μg L−1）的生物体中糖原浓度降低。暴露于0.008和100µg L−1 PLA MP的拟南鲷的穴居也有所减少。在细胞和分子水平上，暴露于PLA MP（分别为10和100 μg L−1）后，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽- s转移酶（GST）活性下降，表明抗氧化和解毒系统受到破坏，而对DNA损伤没有影响，无论可生物降解的MP是什么。IBR-T分析显示，与不同类型的PE MP相比，PLA （100 μg L−1）对平面葡萄树生理的影响更大，而oxoPE MP的毒性有限。这些发现支持了评估可生物降解和可破碎MP的毒性作用的重要性，以评估它们是否真的可以被认为是传统塑料的可靠替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Interactive effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) exposure and thermal stress on oxidative stress biomarkers and neurotoxicity in bullfrog tadpoles 壬基酚聚氧乙烯酸（NPE）暴露和热应激对牛蛙蝌蚪氧化应激生物标志物和神经毒性的相互作用

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107679

Yan Costa Gonçalves , Suzana Luisa Alves Fernandes , Francisco Tadeu Rantin , Ana Lúcia Kalinin , Diana Amaral Monteiro

The global decline in amphibian populations has been well documented and is driven by multiple environmental stressors. Among these, the synergistic effects of chemical pollution and rising water temperatures can significantly contribute to ecological disturbances. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), a surfactant widely used in sanitary and agrochemical products, has been detected in aquatic ecosystems. Despite its ecological relevance, the sublethal effects of NPE on amphibians, particularly under conditions of thermal stress, remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of acute exposure (48 h) to an environmentally relevant concentration of NPE (30 µg L⁻¹) on Aquarana catesbeiana tadpoles under two thermal regimes (25 °C and 30 °C), including the potential interaction between these conditions. We assessed antioxidant enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase), glutathione levels, and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation) in hepatic, branchial, and muscular tissues. Neurotoxicity was assessed via acetylcholinesterase activity measurements in brain and muscle tissues. NPE exposure caused hepatotoxicity, oxidative damage and redox imbalance in gills and muscle, as well as inhibition of muscular acetylcholinesterase activity. Elevated temperature further depleted branchial antioxidant defenses, intensified oxidative stress in hepatic and muscular tissues, and induced central neurotoxicity. These findings demonstrate that sublethal exposure to NPE compromises redox balance and cholinergic function in a tissue-specific and temperature-dependent manner. The absence of regulatory limits for NPE in several countries represents a critical ecological threat, highlighting the urgent need to update aquatic environmental guidelines in the context of global warming.

全球两栖动物数量的减少已经有了很好的记录，这是由多种环境压力因素造成的。其中，化学污染和水温升高的协同效应对生态干扰有显著的促进作用。壬基酚聚氧乙酸酯（NPE）是一种广泛应用于卫生和农化产品的表面活性剂，在水生生态系统中被检测到。尽管与生态相关，但NPE对两栖动物的亚致死效应，特别是在热应激条件下，仍然知之甚少。本研究评估了急性暴露（48小时）于环境相关浓度的NPE （30 μ g L - 1）对两种热环境（25°C和30°C）下的Aquarana catesbeiana蝌蚪的影响，包括这些条件之间潜在的相互作用。我们评估了肝脏、鳃和肌肉组织中的抗氧化酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽s -转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）、谷胱甘肽水平和氧化应激生物标志物（脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化）。通过测量大脑和肌肉组织中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性来评估神经毒性。NPE暴露引起肝毒性、鳃和肌肉氧化损伤和氧化还原失衡，以及肌肉乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制。升高的温度进一步削弱了鳃抗氧化防御，加剧了肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激，并诱发了中枢神经毒性。这些发现表明，亚致死暴露于NPE以组织特异性和温度依赖的方式损害氧化还原平衡和胆碱能功能。一些国家缺乏对NPE的监管限制，这是一种严重的生态威胁，突出表明迫切需要在全球变暖的背景下更新水生环境准则。

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引用次数: 0

Micro/nanoplastic-induced stress in microalgae: Latest laboratory evidence and knowledge gaps 微藻中微/纳米塑性诱导的应力：最新的实验室证据和知识空白

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107677

Amina Antonacci , Vincenzo Vedi , Sara Colella , Alessia Di Fraia , Manuela Rossi , Gabriella Fiorentino , Viviana Scognamiglio

Pollution by micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is a major concern today, with direct consequences for human health and the environment. Microalgae, among the main primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, suffer from MNPs contamination due to the worrying amount of plastic waste and its persistence in the environment. This problem has mobilized international organizations and raised awareness among the scientific community for the identification of effective solutions. Policies aimed at reducing plastic products, waste management, and recycling are attempting to limit this problem; however, plastic pollution appears to be irreversible. Therefore, a critical analysis of the effects of MNPs on various microorganisms (e.g., microalgae) is urgently needed. Therefore, the objective of this review was to identify the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on microalgal populations, based on the currently available literature. Particular attention was paid to available laboratory studies on MNPs effects on microalgae physiology - as growth rate, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress - and morphology, with the aim of providing an update on the state of the art.

微塑料和纳米塑料造成的污染是当今的一个主要问题，对人类健康和环境产生直接影响。微藻是水生生态系统中主要的初级生产者之一，由于令人担忧的塑料废物数量及其在环境中的持久性，微藻受到MNPs污染。这一问题调动了国际组织，提高了科学界的认识，以便找出有效的解决办法。旨在减少塑料制品、废物管理和回收的政策正试图限制这一问题；然而，塑料污染似乎是不可逆转的。因此，迫切需要对MNPs对各种微生物（如微藻）的影响进行批判性分析。因此，本综述的目的是在现有文献的基础上确定微塑料和纳米塑料对微藻种群的影响。特别注意了关于MNPs对微藻生理（如生长速度、色素含量、光合活性、氧化应激）和形态的影响的现有实验室研究，目的是提供最新的技术状况。

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引用次数: 0

Size-dependent and tissue specific accumulation of polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics in zebrafish 聚苯乙烯微塑料和纳米塑料在斑马鱼体内的大小依赖性和组织特异性积累

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107678

Min Su , Dangen Gu , Le Liang , Zhendong Zhou , Chenchen Zhu , Jiaoyang Qi , Pu Wu , Tian Xu , Zhongguan Jiang

As emerging pollutants, micro-nanoplastics (MNPs), have been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems. When engaging with fish species, MNPs can be initially accumulated in fish gills and intestinal tract, followed by subsequent transportation to other tissues and organs through the circulatory system. However, the tissue-specific accumulation of MNPs in relation to size differences remains uncertain. In this study, continuous exposure experiments with MNPs of different particle sizes were conducted to evaluate tissue-specific accumulation and to examine associated biochemical responses. Generally, fish intestine and gills accumulated MNPs of all size, whereas fish muscle and brain only accumulated nano-sized MNPs. Specifically, fish muscle and brain showed significantly higher MNPs enrichment of 25 nm (vs. 250 nm), since they can easily pass through the intercellular spaces or be endocytosed within cells. In terms of time-dependent accumulations, fish intestines and gills exhibited rapid initial uptake followed by fluctuating variations of MNPs as exposing lasted, since these organs possess both a high capacity for MNP accessibility and elimination. However, fish liver and brain showed a monotonic increase in MNPs accumulation with continuous exposure, which can be ascribed to the difficulty in draining the metabolic waste of these organs. When examining toxic effects, both AChE and CYP450 enzyme activities in all exposure groups were significantly higher than the control group, indicating that MNPs triggered neurotoxicity and metabolic detoxification. Our study highlights considering size and tissue-specific accumulations of MNPs when planning MNPs control for fish health and fishery products safety.

微纳米塑料（MNPs）作为一种新兴的污染物，在水生生态系统中被广泛发现。与鱼类接触时，MNPs最初可在鱼鳃和肠道中积累，随后通过循环系统运输到其他组织和器官。然而，MNPs的组织特异性积累与大小差异的关系仍然不确定。在这项研究中，不同粒径的MNPs进行了连续暴露实验，以评估组织特异性积累并检查相关的生化反应。一般来说，鱼的肠道和鳃会积累各种大小的MNPs，而鱼的肌肉和大脑只会积累纳米大小的MNPs。具体来说，鱼类肌肉和大脑的MNPs富集程度明显高于25 nm (250 nm)，因为它们可以很容易地通过细胞间隙或在细胞内被内吞。就时间依赖性积累而言，鱼的肠道和鳃表现出快速的初始吸收，随后随着暴露时间的持续，MNP的波动变化，因为这些器官具有高的MNP可及性和消除能力。然而，随着持续暴露，鱼肝脏和大脑的MNPs积累单调增加，这可能归因于这些器官的代谢废物难以排出。在检测毒性作用时，所有暴露组的AChE和CYP450酶活性均显著高于对照组，表明MNPs触发了神经毒性和代谢解毒。我们的研究强调，在规划MNPs控制以保证鱼类健康和渔业产品安全时，应考虑MNPs的大小和组织特异性积累。

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引用次数: 0

A whale in a well: Co-exposure of a persistent organic pollutant mixture and cetacean morbillivirus on killer whale (Orcinus orca) primary fibroblasts 井中的鲸鱼：持久性有机污染物混合物和鲸类麻疹病毒对虎鲸（Orcinus orca）原代成纤维细胞的共同暴露

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107671

Helena Costa, Maud Van Essche, Juliane A. Riedel, Akash Gupta, Audun H. Rikardsen, Anders Goksøyr, Pierre Blévin, Mikael Harju, Laura Pirard, Susan Bengston Nash, Sofie Sødestrøm, Courtney A. Waugh

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) accumulate high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have been linked to immunomodulation. Over the past decades, large-scale mortality events associated with cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) have affected cetacean populations, and concerns have been raised about the role of contaminants in exacerbating these outbreaks. However, establishing cause-effect relationships in free-roaming cetaceans remains a significant challenge. In vitro approaches present unique potential for furthering our understanding of the effects of multiple environmental stressors in marine mammal health. In this study, we used primary fibroblasts cultured from wild Norwegian killer whale skin biopsies (n = 6) to assess how exposure to POP mixtures affects cell viability and CeMV replication. Our findings demonstrate that CeMV successfully replicates in killer whale fibroblasts, with the viral replication significantly increasing over the duration of the experiment. POP exposure led to a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and a significant increase in viral replication. These results validate killer whale primary fibroblasts as a valuable in vitro tool for the study of co-exposure of POPs and morbillivirus on toothed cetaceans. Moreover, these findings support the need for further research to confirm the role of contaminants in intensifying the severity of CeMV infections in the wild.

虎鲸（Orcinus orca）积累了高水平的持久性有机污染物（POPs），这与免疫调节有关。在过去的几十年里，与鲸类麻疹病毒（CeMV）相关的大规模死亡事件影响了鲸类种群，人们对污染物在加剧这些暴发中的作用表示关注。然而，在自由漫游的鲸类动物中建立因果关系仍然是一个重大挑战。体外方法为进一步了解多种环境应激源对海洋哺乳动物健康的影响提供了独特的潜力。在这项研究中，我们使用野生挪威虎鲸皮肤活检培养的原代成纤维细胞（n = 6）来评估暴露于POP混合物如何影响细胞活力和CeMV复制。我们的研究结果表明，CeMV在虎鲸成纤维细胞中成功复制，并且随着实验的持续时间，病毒复制显著增加。POP暴露导致细胞活力呈浓度依赖性下降，病毒复制显著增加。这些结果验证了虎鲸原代成纤维细胞作为一种有价值的体外工具，用于研究持久性有机污染物和麻疹病毒对齿鲸类动物的共同暴露。此外，这些发现支持了进一步研究的必要性，以确认污染物在加剧野生CeMV感染严重程度中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Combined effects of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers and cadmium on physiological performance of marine dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea 苯并三唑紫外线稳定剂和镉对赤潮海洋鞭毛藻生理性能的联合影响

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107672

Tiantian Chen , Jiaqi Chen , Wenlong Dong , Shuqun Song , Weijun Tian , Caiwen Li

As emerging contaminants, benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) have been frequently detected in aquatic environments, which usually co-occur with heavy metals and cause complex toxicity to aquatic organisms. However, the specific role of BUVSs in the combined toxicity remains poorly understood. Herein, a harmful marine dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea was used to explore the individual and combined toxicities of UV-234 and cadmium (Cd²⁺). Exposure to UV-234 at an environmental concentration (10 μg L⁻¹) slightly inhibited algal growth (P > 0.05). Individual exposure to both low (1.77 mg L⁻¹) and high (5.30 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of Cd²⁺ significantly impaired algal photosynthesis by altering photosynthetic pigments, disrupting energy absorption, dissipation and trapping, reaction center activation, and electron transport, thereby inducing oxidative stress, and up-regulated pyruvate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Notably, co-exposure with UV-234 mitigated the toxic effects induced by Cd²⁺, and caused weaker inhibition of algal growth via inducing less substantial oxidative damage. These findings highlight the significant influence of UV-234 and Cd²⁺ co-exposure on marine dinoflagellates, providing new insights into the joint toxicity mechanisms and a scientific basis for environmental risk assessment of emerging BUVSs.

苯并三唑类紫外线稳定剂（BUVSs）作为一种新兴污染物，在水生环境中被检测到较多，通常与重金属共存，对水生生物具有复杂的毒性。然而，BUVSs在联合毒性中的具体作用仍然知之甚少。本文以一种有害的海洋鞭毛藻赤潮（Akashiwo sanguinea）为研究对象，探讨了UV-234和镉（Cd2+）的个体毒性和联合毒性。暴露于环境浓度（10 μg L−1）的UV-234对藻类生长有轻微抑制作用（P > 0.05）。个体暴露于低（1.77 mg L−1）和高（5.30 mg L−1）浓度的Cd2+中，通过改变光合色素、破坏能量吸收、消散和捕获、反应中心激活和电子传递，从而诱导氧化应激，并上调丙酮酸代谢和三羧酸循环，显著损害了藻类的光合作用。值得注意的是，与UV-234共暴露可减轻Cd2+诱导的毒性作用，并通过诱导较少的实质性氧化损伤而减弱对藻类生长的抑制作用。这些发现突出了UV-234和Cd2+共同暴露对海洋鞭毛藻的显著影响，为新出现的BUVSs的联合毒性机制提供了新的见解，并为环境风险评估提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0