Aquatic Toxicology最新文献_第7页

Evaluating microplastic contamination in Omani mangrove habitats using large mud snails (Terebralia palustris) 利用大型泥螺评估阿曼红树林栖息地的微塑料污染

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107220

Muna Al-Tarshi , John Husband , Sergey Dobretsov

This study investigated microplastic pollution in the large mud snail Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) (Gastropoda: Potamididae) inhabiting the Avicennia marina mangrove ecosystems along the Sea of Oman. A modified digestion protocol, combining two methods, was employed to improve the detection of microplastics within the snail tissue. Results indicated that 50 % of the examined snails contained microplastics, with significant variability observed among different lagoons. Snails from the polluted Shinas lagoon exhibited higher levels of microplastics compared to those from the lowest polluted Al-Qurum Natural Reserve (MPA). The most prevalent type of microplastic in snail tissues was fibers, making up 75.7 % of the total. Fragments constituted about 24.2 %. Using portable Raman spectrometry, Polyurethane (PU) was identified as the predominant polymer, accounting for 50 % of the total. This was followed by Acrylic and Polyethylene, each representing 18.75 %, and Polyethylene Vynil Acetate (PEVA) at 12.50 %. Overall, it is clear that while snails do reflect the presence of microplastics (MPs) in their environment, their physical attributes do not strongly correlate with the levels or types of MPs they contain. Additionally, the significant difference between the abundance of MPs in sediment and in snails illustrates that, while snails may serve as general indicators of microplastic pollution, they may not be reliable as precise bioindicators or sentinel species for quantifying the extent of this pollution. Further studies are needed to explore other potential bioindicators in mangrove habitats.

本研究调查了生活在阿曼海沿岸Avicennia marina红树林生态系统中的大型泥螺Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767)（腹足目：泥螺科）体内的微塑料污染。采用一种改进的消化方案，结合两种方法，提高了对蜗牛组织内微塑料的检测。结果表明，50%的检测蜗牛含有微塑料，在不同的泻湖中观察到显著的差异。与污染最低的Al-Qurum自然保护区（MPA）相比，来自受污染的希纳斯泻湖的蜗牛显示出更高水平的微塑料。蜗牛组织中最常见的微塑料类型是纤维，占总数的75.7%。碎片约占24.2%。采用便携式拉曼光谱法，确定聚氨酯（PU）为主要聚合物，占总量的50%。其次是丙烯酸和聚乙烯，各占18.75%，聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（PEVA）占12.50%。总的来说，很明显，虽然蜗牛确实反映了它们所处环境中微塑料（MPs）的存在，但它们的物理属性与它们所含微塑料的水平或类型并没有很强的相关性。此外，沉积物中MPs丰度与蜗牛中MPs丰度之间的显著差异表明，虽然蜗牛可以作为微塑料污染的一般指标，但它们可能不是可靠的精确生物指标或量化污染程度的哨兵物种。需要进一步的研究来探索红树林生境中其他潜在的生物指标。

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引用次数: 0

Cytotoxicity of single and binary mixtures of copper and silica nanoparticles exposed to Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima 铜和二氧化硅纳米粒子的单一和二元混合物暴露于 Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima 的细胞毒性。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107211

Peining Cai, Qi Li, Shuhui Wang, Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang

A large number of nanoparticles are produced and enter the aquatic environment, where they interact with each other, posing a potential threat to aquatic organisms. The toxicity of two types of nanoparticles (nCu and nSiO₂) on Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima (N. closterium f. minutissima) was investigated in this study by examining changes in microalgal cell density, instantaneous fluorescence rate (Ft), and a range of antioxidant parameters in the cells. It was found that both nCu and nSiO₂ showed time- and concentration-dependent toxic effects on N. closterium f. minutissima. nSiO₂ could promote microalgae growth at low concentrations by providing Si, an essential element for the synthesis of siliceous shells. As the exposure time increased, both the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of the microalgae were inhibited. Nanoparticles also produced oxidative stress and caused lipid peroxidation in the microalgae. In the meantime, SOD and CAT activity were altered to protect cells from oxidative damage. Inverted biomicroscopy images showed that the microalgae enhanced their cell size to adapt to the environmental stress as exposed to 1 mg/L nCu. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that 10 mg/L nSiO₂ could adsorb nCu and reduce the toxic effect of nCu on the microalgae, while 30 mg/L nSiO₂ caused mechanical damage to microalgal cells and accelerated the internalization of nanoparticles and Cu²⁺ in the cells.

大量纳米颗粒被产生并进入水生环境，在那里它们相互作用，对水生生物构成潜在威胁。本研究通过检测微藻细胞密度、瞬时荧光率（Ft）和一系列抗氧化参数的变化，研究了两种纳米颗粒（nCu和nSiO2）对微藻细胞的毒性。结果表明，nCu和nSiO2对微小梭状芽孢杆菌均表现出时间依赖性和浓度依赖性的毒性作用。在低浓度下，nSiO2可以通过提供合成硅壳的必需元素Si来促进微藻的生长。随着暴露时间的延长，微藻的生长和光合效率均受到抑制。纳米颗粒还会在微藻中产生氧化应激并引起脂质过氧化。同时，SOD和CAT活性改变以保护细胞免受氧化损伤。倒置生物显微镜观察结果显示，在1 mg/L nCu环境下，微藻细胞尺寸增大以适应环境胁迫。扫描电镜（SEM）结果显示，10 mg/L的nSiO2能吸附nCu，降低nCu对微藻的毒性作用，而30 mg/L的nSiO2对微藻细胞造成机械损伤，加速纳米颗粒和Cu2+在细胞内的内化。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics in commercial marine bivalves: Abundance, characterization and main effects of single and combined exposure 商业海洋双壳类动物中的微塑料：丰度、特性和单一和联合暴露的主要影响。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107227

Daniela C.C. Silva , João C. Marques , Ana M.M. Gonçalves

Microplastics (MPs) are persistent and ubiquitous pollutants in marine ecosystems, and they can be ingested and accumulated by marine organisms with economic value to humans, such as marine bivalves, which may pose a threat to the marine food chains and to human health. In this literature review, we summarized the recent findings on the abundance and main characteristics (shape, size, color, polymer) of MPs detected in valuable marine bivalve species. Furthermore, we surveyed the major impacts triggered by MP exposure, alone or in combination with other pollutants, in these organisms. Additionally, we discussed the methodologies, techniques and equipment commonly used by researchers for the determination of the abundance, characterization and effects of the MP particles in these organisms.

We verified that MPs have been widely detected in multiple species of commercial marine bivalves, with a great variety of shapes, sizes, colors and polymer types. In general, the methodologies used by researchers to determine the MP abundance in marine bivalves need to be harmonized to facilitate the comparability between studies. So far, previous research showed that the main effects of MPs, either alone or combined with other pollutants, on commercial marine bivalves include the induction of immunological, physiological and behavioral responses, reproductive modifications, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity, which were surveyed by using a wide variety of techniques and analytical equipment. In the future, researchers should focus on less studied bivalve species and should use the most precise and innovative methodologies to assess the effects of MPs and other pollutants on marine bivalves.

微塑料是海洋生态系统中持久和普遍存在的污染物，它们可被对人类具有经济价值的海洋生物（如海洋双壳类动物）摄入和积累，可能对海洋食物链和人类健康构成威胁。本文综述了近年来在珍贵的海洋双壳类动物中检测到的MPs的丰度和主要特征（形状、大小、颜色、聚合物）。此外，我们调查了MP暴露（单独或与其他污染物结合）对这些生物的主要影响。此外，我们还讨论了研究人员通常用于测定这些生物中MP颗粒的丰度，表征和影响的方法，技术和设备。我们证实MPs已在多种商业海洋双壳类动物中广泛检测到，其形状、大小、颜色和聚合物类型多种多样。一般来说，研究人员用于确定海洋双壳类动物中MP丰度的方法需要统一，以促进研究之间的可比性。到目前为止，以往的研究表明，MPs单独或与其他污染物联合对商业海洋双壳类的主要影响包括诱导免疫、生理和行为反应、生殖修饰、遗传毒性和神经毒性，这些影响通过使用各种技术和分析设备进行了调查。在未来，研究人员应该把重点放在研究较少的双壳类物种上，并应该使用最精确和创新的方法来评估MPs和其他污染物对海洋双壳类的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Perfluorooctanoate and nano-titanium dioxide modulate male gonadal function in the mussel Mytilus coruscus

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107251

Bingyan Sun , Yiting Pan , Inna Sokolova , Ying Shao , Menghong Hu , Youji Wang

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) are widely used in industrial applications such as manufacturing and textiles, and can be released into the environment, causing toxicity to marine organisms. To study the effects of these pollutants on the gonadal development, we exposed the males of Mytilus coruscus to varying PFOA concentrations (2 and 200 μg/L) alone or combined with nano-TiO₂ (0.1 mg/L, size: 25 nm) for 14 days. Co-exposure to PFOA and nano-TiO₂ resulted in a short-term (7 days) decrease in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), which recovered to baseline levels. In contrast, long-term (14 days) exposure induced changes in the testes, including increased protein content, decreased lipid content, reductions in spermatic area and sperm count, and elevated apoptotic cell levels. Furthermore, key genes essential for gonadal maturation were significantly upregulated after long-term exposure. PFOA and nano-TiO₂ can disrupt the gonadal function in the male mussels by interfering with Wnt family signaling pathways, modulation of steroid and lipid metabolism and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, PFOA and nanoparticle pollutants may pose a significant risk to the reproductive capacity of mussels’ populations from polluted coastal environments.

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引用次数: 0

New insights into the regulation of cyp3a65 expression in transgenic tg(cyp3a65:GFP) zebrafish embryos

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107250

Chedi Erradhouani , Benjamin Piccini , Emmanuelle Maillot-Marechal , Selim Aït-Aïssa , Patrick Balaguer , Xavier Coumoul , François Brion

Facing the need for alternative models allowing assessment of metabolic-endocrine disrupting chemicals (MDCs), especially in poorly investigated tissues such as the intestine, we recently developed a transgenic zebrafish embryo in vivo model, tg(cyp3a65:GFP), expressing the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) under the control of the zebrafish cyp3a65 promoter, ortholog of human cyp3a4, a gene coding for a key enzyme of intestinal xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. In this study, we aimed to better understand the regulation of cyp3a65 expression by zfPXR, zfAhR2, and zfGR zebrafish orthologs of well-known human xenosensors PXR and AhR, and steroid nuclear receptor GR. For this purpose, we performed zebrafish embryo tg(cyp3a65:GFP) (co)exposures to a variety of agonists (clotrimazole, TCDD, fluticasone propionate) and antagonists (econazole nitrate, CH223181, RU486), which were characterized using in vitro zebrafish reporter gene assays. We show that zfPXR and zfAhR2 cooperate to positively regulate cyp3a65 expression, involving different transcription factors and their interaction. Moreover, for the first time, we show that zfGR agonist strongly inhibits the constitutive expression of cyp3a65, and we hypothesized the possible involvement of the transcriptional factor zfHNF4α. These results provide a better understanding of the regulation of zebrafish cyp3a65 expression, highlighting the complex interaction between different transcription factors, which is consistent with the multiple regulatory pathways of cyp3a4 in humans. Our data support the idea that this gene is a target of multiple contaminants capable of interacting with zfPXR, zfAhR2 and zfGR and highlights the relevance of the tg(cyp3a65:GFP) model to screen chemicals potentially acting as MDCs based on their modes of action at the intestinal level, which could be relevant for hazard assessment of chemicals for human and environmental health.

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引用次数: 0

The diving beetle, Cybister lateralimarginalis (De Geer, 1774), as a bioindicator for subcellular changes affected by heavy metal(loid) pollution in freshwater ecosystems

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107258

Dora Bjedov , Nataša Turić , Alma Mikuška , Goran Vignjević , Lucija Sara Kovačić , Ana Marija Pavičić , Leontina Toth Jakeljić , Mirna Velki

The present study assessed Cybister lateralimarginalis as a model species for ecotoxicological studies of metal(loid) bioaccumulation in freshwater ecosystems, by optimising protocols and analysing biomarker activities and metal(loid) concentrations from different sites and investigating their association. To accomplish this, levels of arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were analysed, as well as a set of biomarkers were evaluated, esterase activity and oxidative stress biomarkers: fluorescence- and glutathione-based. C. lateralimarginalis were sampled in the spring/summer of 2023 along the Sava, Drava and Danube floodplains in Croatia. C. lateralimarginalis samples from Sava floodplain (Mužilovčica) showed altered carboxylesterase (CES) activity, lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and elevated Hg and As concentrations. The Weighted Pollution Index (WPI) indicated moderate pollution at the Sava floodplain, possibly due to agricultural or petrochemical impacts. At the Drava floodplain (Podravlje), higher glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and elevated Cd, Hg, and As concentrations were observed, likely from soil accumulation, while Stara Drava beetles had lower GSH levels, suggesting agricultural impacts. Despite this, the Drava floodplain showed the lowest WPI. Higher GST activity was noted at the Danube floodplain (Kopački rit and Topoljski Dunavac), with reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations (Kopački rit and Podunavlje) possibly reflecting agricultural practices or illegal hunting. The present research successfully applied C. lateralimarginalis as a bioindicator species for assessing metal(loid)s in different environments, highlighting its reliability as an abundant apex predator, emphasizing the significance of integrating biomarker response evaluation into pollutant monitoring for efficient environmental risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems.

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引用次数: 0

The enzymatic and transcriptional adverse effects of hull in-water cleaning discharge on juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) 水中清洁排放物对岩鱼幼鱼酶和转录的不利影响。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107191

Seong Hee Mun , Kwang-Min Choi , Dongju Shin , Moonkoo Kim , Taekhyun Kim , Dae-Jung Kim , Jee-Hyun Jung

The hull in-water cleaning (IWC) process creates chemical contaminants, including antifouling paint particle mixtures that are directly discharged into the coastal environment. Recent attention has also been paid to the international regulation of ship hull cleaning discharges in environmental media. However, few studies have investigated the adverse effects or toxic pathways on resident marine species. In this study, we evaluated the chemical concentration of IWC discharge in situ and its toxic effects on juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a major coastal fishery resource, using enzymatic and transcriptomic studies. Zinc (8.05 ± 0.96 to 189.96 ± 47.76 μg/L) was the most abundant substance in IWC discharge, followed by copper (0.87 ± 0.19 to 1.97 ± 0.60 μg/L). No mortality was observed after 7 days of exposure in any experimental group; however, reactive oxygen species and acetylcholinesterase activity varied in juvenile rockfish exposed to the highest concentration of IWC discharge (10-fold-diluted IWC discharge). The immune and detoxification systems in juvenile rockfish exposed to IWC discharge were also significantly affected in juvenile rockfish exposed to 10-fold-diluted IWC discharge (zinc: 189.96 ± 47.76 μg/L, copper: 1.97 ± 0.60 μg/L). The expression of genes related to oxidative stress, including Cu/Zn-SOD, GST, and CAT, increased significantly in fish in all the exposure groups. Specifically, brain transcriptomic analysis revealed disturbances in the nervous system and homeostatic processes. Although lethal toxicity was not significantly affected, these findings indicate the potential hazard posed by sub-lethal concentrations of IWC discharge to juvenile fish, which are at a high-level in the food chain. Our enzymatic and transcriptomic results showed that Zn-dominant IWC discharge exposure may cause neuronal and immune toxicity in marine fish species, providing relevant insights into the management of hull IWC discharge to protect coastal ecosystems against chemical contaminants.

船体水中清洗（IWC）过程会产生化学污染物，包括直接排放到沿海环境中的防污涂料颗粒混合物。最近，人们还注意到对环境介质中船体清洗排放物的国际规定。然而，很少有研究调查对常驻海洋物种的不利影响或毒性途径。在本研究中，我们利用酶和转录组学研究评估了IWC原位排放的化学浓度及其对主要沿海渔业资源岩鱼幼鱼（sebases schlegeli）的毒性影响。其中，锌（8.05±0.96 ~ 189.96±47.76 μg/L）含量最高，铜（0.87±0.19 ~ 1.97±0.60 μg/L）含量次之。任何实验组暴露7天后均未见死亡；然而，暴露于高浓度IWC排放（稀释10倍IWC排放）的幼岩鱼的活性氧种类和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性发生了变化。10倍稀释的IWC排放（锌：189.96±47.76 μg/L，铜：1.97±0.60 μg/L）对IWC排放的岩鱼幼鱼的免疫和解毒系统也有显著影响。各暴露组鱼体内Cu/Zn-SOD、GST、CAT等氧化应激相关基因的表达均显著升高。具体来说，脑转录组学分析揭示了神经系统和体内平衡过程的紊乱。虽然致命毒性没有受到显著影响，但这些发现表明，IWC排放的亚致死浓度对幼鱼构成潜在危害，这在食物链中处于较高水平。我们的酶和转录组学研究结果表明，以锌为主的IWC排放暴露可能导致海洋鱼类的神经和免疫毒性，为保护沿海生态系统免受化学污染物的影响提供了相关的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Acute and chronic toxicity of cationic polyquaterniums of varying charge density and molecular weight to Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia 不同电荷密度和分子量的阳离子聚季铵盐对大水蚤和小水蚤的急性和慢性毒性。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107178

Jessica L. Brill , Anna Magdalene Brun Hansen , Hope Woods , Kristin A. Connors , Hans Sanderson , Scott E. Belanger

Cationic polymers have the unique ability to neutralize negative charge with practical applications in personal care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, contact lens solutions, and as flocculants in wastewater treatment processes. Cationic polymers are a diverse class of materials varying in structural composition, cationic charge density (CD), and molecular weight (MW). In this study, we investigated three classes of polyquaternium cationic polymers (PQ-6, PQ-10, PQ-16) of varying CD and MW to characterize their toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. Although safety studies and environmental risk assessments have been conducted to support the use of polyquaterniums, further research was needed to adapt standard toxicity assays to account for the unique properties of cationic polymers. Standard acute OECD 202 assays were conducted with Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia to explore relative species sensitivity. PQ-6 exhibited toxicity ranging from 0.09 to 2.50 mg/L, PQ-10 ranged from 21.29 to >1000 mg/L, and PQ-16 ranged from 0.05 to 14.91 mg/L. Toxicity was positively correlated with CD and not correlated with MW or polymeric backbone. C. dubia were more sensitive to PQ exposure than D. magna, and this trend was consistent across all exposures. Organic carbon (humic acid and algae) was found to mitigate PQ toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting the importance of robust exposure characterization when assessing environmental risk. Chronic reproductive toxicity assays were conducted on high and low MW PQ-6 materials with observed significant decreases in days to first clutch, average offspring per clutch, and body length. Robust acute to chronic (ACR) values were derived.

阳离子聚合物具有中和负电荷的独特能力，可实际应用于洗发水、护发素、隐形眼镜溶液等个人护理产品，以及废水处理过程中的絮凝剂。阳离子聚合物是一类种类繁多的材料，其结构组成、阳离子电荷密度（CD）和分子量（MW）各不相同。在本研究中，我们研究了三类不同 CD 和 MW 的聚季铵盐阳离子聚合物（PQ-6、PQ-10、PQ-16），以确定它们对水生无脊椎动物的毒性。尽管已经开展了安全研究和环境风险评估来支持聚季铵盐的使用，但仍需进一步研究如何调整标准毒性检测方法，以考虑阳离子聚合物的独特性质。用大型蚤和糠虾进行了标准的急性 OECD 202 试验，以探索物种的相对敏感性。PQ-6 的毒性范围为 0.09 至 2.50 毫克/升，PQ-10 的毒性范围为 21.29 至大于 1000 毫克/升，PQ-16 的毒性范围为 0.05 至 14.91 毫克/升。毒性与 CD 呈正相关，与 MW 或聚合物骨架无关。杜父鱼对 PQ 暴露的敏感性高于大型蜗牛，而且这种趋势在所有暴露中都是一致的。有机碳（腐殖酸和藻类）以剂量依赖性的方式减轻了 PQ 的毒性，这突出了在评估环境风险时进行可靠的暴露特征描述的重要性。对高和低 MW PQ-6 材料进行了慢性生殖毒性试验，观察到第一窝产仔天数、每窝平均产仔数和体长显著下降。得出了可靠的急性至慢性（ACR）值。

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引用次数: 0

The detrimental effects and mechanisms of Orlistat in disrupting energy homeostasis and reproduction in Daphnia magna 奥利司他破坏大水蚤能量稳态和繁殖的有害作用及其机制。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107201

Zhihua Ni , Xinling Tian , Wenbo Zhao , Wenkai Hu , Jinghua Lv , Xiaoli Sun , Yajie Zhang , Yiwen Zhang , Yuming Zhang , Baoku Li , Fengsong Liu

Orlistat (ORL) has been employed as an anti-obesity pharmaceutical for several decades. Given its low absorption rate, the majority of administered ORL is excreted into the environment with feces. It is crucial to collect scientific information regarding the possible ecological risks associated with ORL. Here, the effects of ORL on Daphnia magna were evaluated using a 21-day chronic test at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L. We found the inhibition of feeding and swimming activities in the 100 and 1000 μg/L ORL exposed D. magna, respectively. Their digestive enzyme activities and metabolites were reduced even at 1 μg/L ORL exposure. It is noteworthy that exposure to 100 μg/L ORL induced a decrease in the reproductive capacity of D. magna, although no discernible genotoxicity was observed. To identify the toxicological mechanisms of ORL, a metabolic analysis was conducted on D. magna exposed to 1000 μg/L ORL. A comprehensive reduction in carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids was observed, which resulted in a blockage of metabolic flux towards the TCA cycle, as evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings substantiate the detrimental impact of ORL on D. magna and provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms from a metabolic perspective.

奥利司他（Orlistat， ORL）作为一种抗肥胖药物已经使用了几十年。由于吸收率较低，大部分口服ORL随粪便排出到环境中。收集与ORL有关的可能生态风险的科学信息至关重要。本研究采用1、10、100和1000 μg/L浓度下的21天慢性试验来评估ORL对大水蚤的影响。我们发现，暴露于100 μg/L和1000 μg/L ORL的D. magna分别抑制了摄食和游泳活动。即使在1 μg/L的ORL暴露下，它们的消化酶活性和代谢物也有所降低。值得注意的是，暴露于100 μg/L的ORL可导致大鼠的生殖能力下降，但未观察到明显的遗传毒性。为了确定ORL的毒理学机制，我们对暴露于1000 μg/L ORL的大鼠进行了代谢分析。观察到碳水化合物、脂质和氨基酸的全面减少，导致向TCA循环的代谢通量受阻，线粒体功能障碍就是证据。这些发现证实了ORL对D. magna的有害影响，并从代谢的角度为潜在的分子机制提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterases in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar as biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants 红树林牡蛎长牡蛎乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶作为环境污染物暴露的生物标志物

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107225

Karim H. Lüchmann , Bárbara P.H. Righetto , Daína Lima , Hortência C. Luz , Clarissa P. Ferreira , Bárbara H. Schallenberger , Carlos H.A.M. Gomes , Afonso C.D. Bainy

Brazil is one of the world's leading consumers of agricultural pesticides, highlighting the urgent need to identify responsive biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools for monitoring aquatic pollution. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterases (CbE) are B-esterases enzymes expressed in several organisms. AChE plays an essential role in neural transmission at cholinergic synapses, while CbE are directly involved in the detoxification of organic pollutants, including organophosphorus pesticides. The activities of AChE and CbE in bivalves have not been extensively investigated, despite their suitability as sentinel organisms for environmental monitoring. In this study, we characterized the activities of AChE and CbE in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar, collected from an estuarine system in southern Brazil. We compared enzymatic activities between the gills and the digestive gland, revealing that CbE activity was significantly higher in the digestive gland, while AChE activity did not differ between the two tissues. These results indicate that the digestive gland functions as the primary metabolic organ in C. gasar. Additionally, we observed notable differences in CbE activity depending on the substrate used: ρ-nitrophenyl acetate (ρNPA), ρ-nitrophenyl butyrate (ρNPB), α-naphtyl acetate (αNA), and α-naphtyl butyrate (αNB). Our findings suggest that more lipophilic substrates are metabolized more rapidly in both the digestive gland and gills. These results enhance our understanding of the biotransformation processes and neurotoxicity potential of pesticides in oysters. However, further in vitro validation is needed to confirm the utility of these biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollution in coastal waters.

巴西是世界上主要的农业农药消费国之一，这突出表明迫切需要确定反应性生物标志物，作为监测水生污染的诊断和预后工具。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和羧酸酯酶（CbE）是几种生物中表达的b -酯酶。AChE在胆碱能突触的神经传递中起着至关重要的作用，而CbE则直接参与有机污染物的解毒，包括有机磷农药。AChE和CbE在双壳类动物中的活性尚未被广泛研究，尽管它们适合作为环境监测的哨兵生物。在这项研究中，我们对采集自巴西南部河口系统的红树牡蛎（Crassostrea gasar）中AChE和CbE的活性进行了表征。我们比较了鳃和消化腺的酶活性，发现消化腺的CbE活性明显更高，而AChE活性在两种组织之间没有差异。这些结果表明，消化腺是棘豆的主要代谢器官。此外，我们观察到CbE活性的显著差异取决于所使用的底物：ρ-乙酸硝基苯酯（ρNPA）， ρ-丁酸硝基苯酯（ρNPB）， α-乙酸萘酯（αNA）和α-丁酸萘酯（αNB）。我们的研究结果表明，在消化腺和鳃中，更多的亲脂性底物代谢更快。这些结果增强了我们对农药在牡蛎中的生物转化过程和神经毒性潜力的理解。然而，需要进一步的体外验证来确认这些生物标志物在监测沿海水域环境污染方面的效用。

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