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Remittance Inflow and the Brain Drain Issue in Malaysia 马来西亚的汇款流入和人才流失问题
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3i1.14440
M. Mokhtar
This paper intends to study the impact of remittance inflow on the Malaysian economy. It was found that recipient countries benefited from the inflow of remittance economically, financially and socially. Malaysia is one of the remittance recipient countries besides Philippines, Mexico and India. In the Malaysian context, most of the remittances come from skilled workers or professionals. Although remittances received will have positive effects on the Malaysian economy, it also creates brain drain issues due to the outflow of high skilled workers and professionals to other countries. As reported, more than two million people have emigrated since Malaysia’s independence in 1957 resulting in increase in remittances which shows the inflow of capital. This is only the short run impact. In long term, the country might face ‘double whammy’ on decrease in the remittance inflow.
本文旨在研究汇款流入对马来西亚经济的影响。结果发现,受援国在经济、财政和社会方面都受益于汇款流入。马来西亚是除菲律宾、墨西哥和印度之外的汇款接收国之一。在马来西亚,大部分汇款来自技术工人或专业人士。虽然收到的汇款将对马来西亚经济产生积极影响,但由于高技能工人和专业人员外流到其他国家,它也造成了人才流失问题。据报道,自1957年马来西亚独立以来,已有200多万人移居国外,导致汇款增加,这表明资本流入。这只是短期的影响。从长期来看,该国可能面临汇款流入减少的“双重打击”。
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引用次数: 0
Components of Effective Safety and Health Management System towards the Awareness of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) at Government Owned Company Kuala Lumpur 有效的安全与健康管理系统的组成部分,以提高吉隆坡政府所有公司职业安全与健康管理(OSHA)的意识
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3i1.14439
Noorlaila Hj Yunus, Nur ‘Aliya Hj Abdullah Tahmidi
Every organization should put safety and health of employees at the top of priority. A safety and health management system or safety program can help the employees to improve job performance, boost employee’s motivation and satisfaction. The most important is employers and employees will feel secure and safe at the workplace. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in an organization could help to prevent any possible i llnesses, injuries and accidents happen in working environment. Several studies have been conducted that clarified some of the components of effective safety and health management systems towards the awareness of OSHA. The focus of this study is to identify the most influential components of effective safety and health management systems towards the awareness of OSHA and also to examine the relationship between the components of effective safety and health management systems towards the awareness of OSHA. Thus, the researcher chooses correlational research design in order to achieve the objectives of the study. In this study, 250 employees who are working in GOC, Kuala Lumpur have been involved in a survey.
每个组织都应该把员工的安全和健康放在首位。安全健康管理体系或安全计划可以帮助员工提高工作绩效,提高员工的积极性和满意度。最重要的是雇主和雇员会在工作场所感到安全。一个组织的职业安全与健康管理(OSHA)可以帮助防止在工作环境中发生任何可能的疾病、伤害和事故。已经进行了几项研究,澄清了有效的安全和健康管理系统的一些组成部分,以提高对职业安全与卫生的认识。本研究的重点是确定有效的安全与健康管理系统对职业健康安全意识的影响最大的组成部分,并检查有效的安全与健康管理系统的组成部分对职业健康安全意识的关系。因此,为了达到研究的目的,研究者选择了相关的研究设计。在本研究中,250名在吉隆坡GOC工作的员工参与了一项调查。
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引用次数: 0
An Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Fertility: International Evidence 生育率决定因素的计量经济学分析:国际证据
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3i1.14434
Wun Kim Yen, R. Rasiah, J. Turner
This study aims to analyse the socio and macroeconomic determinants of fertility in 108 countries across the globe. Focusing on the variables of inflation, income, education level and urbanization, this study employs the cross-sectional econometrics technique of Ordinary Least Squares to analyse the causal relationship between these variables and fertility. The empirical results reveal a significant and negative relationship between income and fertility in the overall model of the 108 countries, as well as in the models involving developing countries, and countries in the African, American and Asian regions. Education was found to also have a significant and negative relationship with fertility in the overall model and the developing countries. Urbanisation, on the other hand, was found to have a significant and positive relationship with fertility in the overall model, developing countries and in countries in the African and Asian regions. Inflation was the only predictor found to be not significant in all the models. As far as the least developed countries, developed countries and the countries in the European region were concerned, none of the independent variables were significant predictors of fertility. The study concludes with an examination of policy implications of the findings
这项研究旨在分析全球108个国家生育率的社会和宏观经济决定因素。本研究以通货膨胀、收入、教育水平和城市化为变量,运用普通最小二乘的截面计量经济学技术分析这些变量与生育率之间的因果关系。实证结果表明,在108个国家的整体模型中,以及在涉及发展中国家和非洲、美洲和亚洲地区国家的模型中,收入与生育率之间存在显著的负相关关系。在整个模式和发展中国家,教育也与生育率有显著的负相关关系。另一方面,在整体模型、发展中国家以及非洲和亚洲地区的国家中,城市化被发现与生育率有着显著的正相关关系。通货膨胀是在所有模型中发现的唯一不显著的预测因子。就最不发达国家、发达国家和欧洲区域国家而言,没有一个独立变量是生育率的重要预测因素。该研究最后对研究结果的政策含义进行了检验
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引用次数: 0
The Dynamic of Macroeconomics Elements in Malaysia: Further Insight into Causality Analysis 马来西亚宏观经济要素的动态:对因果分析的进一步洞察
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14320
Dayang Hummida Abang Abdul Rahman, Nuzaihan Majidi, J. Kasuma, Yusman Yacob, D. A. A. Marikan
This paper intends to explore the causality effect between Growth Domestic Product (GDP), population and unemployment in Malaysia. Based on the observation of Malaysia’s historical data, there is a distinct movement in each of these individual macroeconomics components over the years. Past literature within the same area has illustrated various patterns on the possibility of a causal relationship that each variable has on one another. Several stages of analysis are conducted to verify the presence of causality effect from Malaysian economic perspective, which includes unit root test that employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) procedures, followed by Johansen and Juselius test of cointegration and Granger-causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using E-views software. Each procedure is conducted using Malaysia’s time series data for each of the three elements from 1980 to 2013 obtained from Malaysia’s Department of Statistics. Our findings revealed that there is one cointegration detected for the tested variables; whereas the results indicate that population can Granger cause unemployment in the short run. Furthermore, it is found that unemployment solely bears the effect from short run adjustment to bring about the long run equilibrium within the tested framework. This study is important for the policy maker to understand the reason behind the causality effect that could jeopardize the rate of unemployment in Malaysia. As the attention is given specifically to three variables particularly GDP, population and unemployment, this study is aimed at broadening the prospect for further investigation within the same area of macroeconomics.
本文旨在探讨马来西亚国内生产总值(GDP)增长、人口和失业之间的因果关系。根据对马来西亚历史数据的观察,多年来,这些宏观经济因素中的每一个都有明显的变化。在同一领域内,过去的文献已经说明了每个变量之间存在因果关系的可能性的各种模式。从马来西亚经济的角度出发,进行了几个阶段的分析来验证因果效应的存在,其中包括采用增强的Dickey Fuller (ADF)、philips - perron (PP)和kwiatkowski - philips - schmidt - shin (KPSS)程序的单位根检验,其次是使用E-views软件的Johansen和Juselius协整检验和基于矢量误差修正模型(VECM)的granger因果检验。每个程序都使用马来西亚从1980年到2013年从马来西亚统计局获得的三个要素的时间序列数据进行。我们的研究结果显示,有一个协整检测到测试变量;结果表明,人口在短期内可以格兰杰导致失业。进一步发现,在测试的框架内,失业只承担短期调整对实现长期均衡的影响。这项研究对于政策制定者理解因果关系背后的原因很重要,因为因果关系可能会危及马来西亚的失业率。由于特别注意三个变量,特别是国内生产总值、人口和失业,这项研究的目的是扩大在同一宏观经济学领域内进一步调查的前景。
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引用次数: 2
Personal Capabilities and Social Factor towards Entrepreneurial Intention: Empirical Evidence of Science and Technology Undergraduate Students 个人能力和社会因素对创业意向的影响:基于理工科本科生的实证证据
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14324
J. Kasuma, Mohd Kassim Sapenee, Bibi Sarpinah Sheikh Naimullah, Dayang Hummida Abang Abdul Rahman, Mohd Amirul Adenan
Entrepreneurial intention is one of the focus and attention among researchers nowadays. The younger generation is encouraged to get involved in entrepreneurship. It may able to overcome the issue of unemployment rate by creating more job opportunities. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship and influence of Personal Capabilities and Social Factors towards entrepreneurial intention among Science & Technology students. A total of 214 respondents of science and technology undergraduate students from both Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak participated in the survey. The empirical results indicate that social factors were found to have positive relationship and significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, the relationship between personal capabilities and entrepreneurial intention was found to have a significant albeit weak positive relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Implication and future research direction are also discussed.
创业意向是当今学术界关注的焦点之一。鼓励年轻一代参与创业。它可以通过创造更多的就业机会来解决失业率问题。摘要本研究旨在探讨个人能力与社会因素对理工科学生创业意向的关系及影响。共有214名来自马来西亚沙捞越大学(UNIMAS)和沙捞越理工大学(UiTM)的理工科本科生参与了这项调查。实证结果表明,社会因素与创业意向之间存在显著正相关关系。另一方面,发现个人能力与创业意向之间存在显著的正相关关系。讨论了本文的研究意义和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 2
Trends in FDI Movement of New Zealand Economy over the Last Two Decades: An Analysis 新西兰经济近二十年FDI运动趋势分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14323
Ershad Ali, Ronica Joyce Adriano
Foreign Direct Investment has been the main source of capital for New Zealand economy during the last two decades. This paper analyses how FDI had changed the New Zealand economy over the years as a response to worldwide globalization. The study focuses on the background of the country’s inflow and outflow of FDI, its implications to the current period and the reasons why the country had experience certain challenges. It also covers how the economy was able to overcome the challenges. The study found that New Zealand, being a small economy compared to the world, has overcome the globalized economic challenges by its efficient management and appropriate policy. Findings of the study might be of interest for researchers, policy makers and economists.
在过去的二十年里,外国直接投资一直是新西兰经济的主要资本来源。本文分析了外国直接投资多年来如何改变新西兰经济,以应对全球全球化。研究的重点是该国外国直接投资流入和流出的背景,其对当前时期的影响,以及该国经历某些挑战的原因。它还涵盖了经济如何能够克服挑战。研究发现,与世界相比,新西兰是一个小经济体,但通过有效的管理和适当的政策,新西兰克服了全球化的经济挑战。这项研究的结果可能会引起研究人员、政策制定者和经济学家的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional Intelligence on Career Satisfaction 情商对职业满意度的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14417
Siti Fazilah Hamid, Noormala Amir Ishak
Emotional intelligence (EI) describes the ability, capacity, skill, or self-perceived ability to identify, assess, and manage the emotions of one’s self, of others, and of groups. People who possess a high degree of EI know themselves very well and are also able to sense the emotions of others. They are affable, resilient, and optimistic. There are positive associations between EI and career satisfaction (CS). For example, the literature showed satisfaction with work has demonstrated a considerable impact on success in life and in overall psychological wellbeing. Controlling our emotions and expressing it adequately can make a difference in business. Therefore, this paper reviews the influence of EI on CS. Data were collected using a questionnaire conducted on online entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23 and Structural Equation Modeling (SmartPLS).
情商(EI)描述了识别、评估和管理自己、他人和群体情绪的能力、能力、技能或自我感知能力。拥有高情商的人非常了解自己,也能够感知他人的情绪。他们和蔼可亲、适应力强、乐观。EI与职业满意度之间存在正相关。例如,文献表明,工作满意度对生活成功和整体心理健康有相当大的影响。控制我们的情绪并充分表达它可以在商业中发挥作用。因此,本文综述了EI对CS的影响。数据是通过对在线企业家进行问卷调查收集的。数据分析使用SPSS Version 23和结构方程建模(SmartPLS)。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring Relationship Marketing Tactics & Customer Loyalty: Issues in the Malaysian Mobile Telecommunication Sector 探索关系营销策略与客户忠诚度:马来西亚移动电信行业的问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14414
L. Putit, Mohamad Fariz Abdullah
Most of today’s business firms are facing numerous challenges in sustaining customer loyalty due to a ferocious competitive environment. This study explores issues on relationship marketing and customer loyalty within the mobile telecommunications sector. In-depth interviews with targeted respondents were conducted to understand their initial perceptions on relationship marketing tactics issues and its influence on customer loyalty. Specifically, the study aims to acquire deeper insights into the motivational drives behind customer loyalty amongst different classes of mobile phone users. Qualitative data were collected using a digital voice tape-recorder, while the transcribing and coding processes were carried out using qualitative software called ATLAS.TI version 7.0. Based on thematic analyses, the findings have identified several themes such as trust, branding, alternative attractiveness, emotions, service quality, price perception, switching barriers, and commitment. Further results revealed suggestions on how to strengthen customer loyalty behaviour in the mobile telecommunications market
由于激烈的竞争环境,当今大多数商业公司在维持客户忠诚度方面面临着许多挑战。本研究探讨了在移动通信行业的关系营销和客户忠诚度的问题。对目标受访者进行了深入访谈,以了解他们对关系营销策略问题的初步看法及其对客户忠诚度的影响。具体而言,本研究旨在更深入地了解不同类别的手机用户的客户忠诚度背后的动机驱动因素。使用数字录音机收集定性数据,而使用称为ATLAS的定性软件进行转录和编码过程。TI版本7.0。基于主题分析,研究结果确定了几个主题,如信任、品牌、替代吸引力、情感、服务质量、价格感知、转换障碍和承诺。进一步的研究结果揭示了如何在移动通信市场加强客户忠诚行为的建议
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引用次数: 6
Intra-Industry Trade in Indonesia: A Case of the Textile and Textile Product Industry 印尼产业内贸易:以纺织及纺织制品业为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14416
Revinda Yonita Permata Sari, L. Yuliati, S. Komariyah
Trade is one of the instruments driving the economy that has a great dependence on global dynamics. Several trade policies in Indonesia have been carried out to encourage the performance of export imports through various collaborations with Indonesia's largest trading partner countries such as China. The trade intensity that occurs in both countries is certainly expected to have an impact on the economy. This study aims to see the intra-industry intensity of trade, especially in the textile goods sector between Indonesia and China. The result shows that Intra-textile textile trade intensity between Indonesia and China, from 2000-2013 based on the ISIC 321 category (textile industry) obtained by Indonesia and China intra-industry trade, because the overall intra-industry trade index is 53.9%. Suggestion to the The government is expected to be able to boost the performance of exports and consumption of the domestic community, because so far Indonesia's economic growth has been driven more by the performance of exports and household consumption which is still quite strong; Policies regarding investment licensing must be further simplified and there is a guarantee of the availability of energy supplies for the textile industry machinery. The government must also try to increase investment in the textile industry sector especially to modernize old or worn machines so that the textile industry can expand production.
贸易是推动高度依赖全球动态的经济的工具之一。印度尼西亚实施了若干贸易政策,通过与中国等印度尼西亚最大的贸易伙伴国家开展各种合作,鼓励实现出口进口。两国之间的贸易强度肯定会对经济产生影响。本研究旨在了解印尼和中国之间的行业内贸易强度,特别是纺织品行业的贸易强度。结果表明,2000-2013年印尼和中国之间的纺织内贸易强度,基于ISIC 321类别(纺织行业)获得的印尼和中国的产业内贸易,因为整体的产业内贸易指数为53.9%。给政府的建议是,预计能够促进出口和国内社区消费的表现,因为到目前为止,印尼的经济增长更多地是由出口和家庭消费的表现驱动的,这仍然相当强劲;有关投资许可的政策必须进一步简化,并保证纺织工业机械的能源供应。政府还必须努力增加对纺织工业部门的投资,特别是对旧的或破旧的机器进行现代化改造,以便纺织工业能够扩大生产。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment in Choosing Higher Education: A Case of Indonesia 高等教育选择中的评估:以印尼为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14413
Dedy Ansari Harahap, Dita Amanah
The decision of students to continue their studies is a decision after making considerations that are adjusted to the circumstances of a number of college choices. The purpose of this study is to examine the decisions of students to choose universities in Indonesia. The research method used is to compare the results of research and journals that examine students’ decision to choose a college. Then, examine the theories of consumer behavior so that it can be concluded what is considered by students. The results of previous studies show many influencing factors such as education costs, WOM, university reputation, location, lecture facilities, program accreditation and others. These results can be a reference and consideration for universities in Indonesia in attracting prospective students to choose certain universities and referring to others.
学生决定继续他们的学业是在考虑了许多大学选择的情况后做出的决定。本研究的目的是检查学生在印度尼西亚选择大学的决定。使用的研究方法是比较研究结果和期刊调查学生选择大学的决定。然后,检查消费者行为的理论,这样就可以得出学生考虑的是什么。以往的研究结果显示了许多影响因素,如教育成本、口碑、大学声誉、地理位置、讲座设施、项目认证等。这些结果可以为印度尼西亚的大学吸引未来的学生选择某些大学和参考其他大学提供参考和考虑。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship
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