Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14431
Siti Ayu Jalil, Mohamad Nadzrul Kamaruddin
Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average achievements from three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. This study is to investigate the impact of socio-economic variables represented by the three dimensions i.e. mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross domestic product, life expectancy and health expenditure on HDI in fifteen selected developing countries within a 5-year period (2010-2014). The panel data analysis tested the pooled regression model, fixed effects and random effects models. The findings indicated that the Panel Fixed Effects Model (FEM) has proven to be the best model to describe the study. From the FEM model, four predictors have shown significant positive effect on human development index which are, the mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy and GDP per capita whereas, health expenditure is the only variable that shows insignificant relationship. Hence, it can be stated that in these fifteen selected nations despite education and higher GDP are essential to achieve a higher level of HDI, life expectancy is also perceived as a vital indicator to imply a better level of HDI.
{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between Human Development Index and Socio-Economic Variables: A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"Siti Ayu Jalil, Mohamad Nadzrul Kamaruddin","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14431","url":null,"abstract":"Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average achievements from three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. This study is to investigate the impact of socio-economic variables represented by the three dimensions i.e. mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross domestic product, life expectancy and health expenditure on HDI in fifteen selected developing countries within a 5-year period (2010-2014). The panel data analysis tested the pooled regression model, fixed effects and random effects models. The findings indicated that the Panel Fixed Effects Model (FEM) has proven to be the best model to describe the study. From the FEM model, four predictors have shown significant positive effect on human development index which are, the mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy and GDP per capita whereas, health expenditure is the only variable that shows insignificant relationship. Hence, it can be stated that in these fifteen selected nations despite education and higher GDP are essential to achieve a higher level of HDI, life expectancy is also perceived as a vital indicator to imply a better level of HDI.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125044474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14418
M. S. Jaafar
The technical approach to investment, essentially a reflection of an idea that prices move in trends which are determined by the changing attitudes of investors towards a variety of economy, monetary, political and psychological forces). The response of stock prices towards the changes in economic variables vary from one to another, hence, it makes trading decision to be very complex. Efficiency refers to the ability to produce an acceptable level of output using cost-minimizing input ratio. Thus, in technical analysis, efficiency refers to the ability of the indicators to indicate a good timing of entry and out of the market with profit. The levels of efficiencies are shown by actual output ratios versus expected output ratios. The higher the actual output ratios against the expected output ratios, the higher the efficiency level of the indicators. This research investigates several technical indicators and found none of the indicators reached the efficiency level. To improve the level, this study applies the Artificial Neural Network model that capable to learn the price and the moving average patterns and suggests a new pattern better than the previous, in term of efficiency level. This research found that the improvements are not just to the efficiency but also increase number of trading as per selected period hence, increase the changes of investor decisions to enter and to exit from the market with possibility of a better profit as compared to traditional technical analysis.
{"title":"Technical Analysis Efficiency Enhancement in Moving Average Indicator Through Artificial Neural Network","authors":"M. S. Jaafar","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14418","url":null,"abstract":"The technical approach to investment, essentially a reflection of an idea that prices move in trends which are determined by the changing attitudes of investors towards a variety of economy, monetary, political and psychological forces). The response of stock prices towards the changes in economic variables vary from one to another, hence, it makes trading decision to be very complex. Efficiency refers to the ability to produce an acceptable level of output using cost-minimizing input ratio. Thus, in technical analysis, efficiency refers to the ability of the indicators to indicate a good timing of entry and out of the market with profit. The levels of efficiencies are shown by actual output ratios versus expected output ratios. The higher the actual output ratios against the expected output ratios, the higher the efficiency level of the indicators. This research investigates several technical indicators and found none of the indicators reached the efficiency level. To improve the level, this study applies the Artificial Neural Network model that capable to learn the price and the moving average patterns and suggests a new pattern better than the previous, in term of efficiency level. This research found that the improvements are not just to the efficiency but also increase number of trading as per selected period hence, increase the changes of investor decisions to enter and to exit from the market with possibility of a better profit as compared to traditional technical analysis.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122708237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/JIBE.V3ISI.14425
F. Azmi, Norfadzilah Abdul Razak, A. Ghazali
Technology has no boundary, people made technology as their primary routine in daily task. Technology also mainly being used worldwide and provide many outcomes towards the education system. The transformation of industrial revolution 4.0 brings the education system one step forward to meet the worldwide demand. Students nowadays are Z-generation that live in modern and digital lifestyle. Thus, the digital platform such as E-Learning has been applied in recent of teaching and learning in most of the university. However, the application and usage of elearning in university did not well used and applied by students. Hence, there is a need for e-learning platform to transform and improve the system so that student can be more interest to use E-learning and ultimately result in better academic performance. A theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) applied as the fundamental of this study. Hence this study aims to investigate the perception of 152 students in selected of the local university towards the application of e-learning platform. Data collection further analysed using regression analysis and found perceive usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioural intention and system usage predict significantly towards student satisfaction. The finding implies that the application of e-learning among students was satisfied. The improvement of the interaction system and attraction of the system can promote and encourage students active to use e-learning.
{"title":"Digital Learning Platform and Students Satisfaction: Regression Analysis","authors":"F. Azmi, Norfadzilah Abdul Razak, A. Ghazali","doi":"10.24191/JIBE.V3ISI.14425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/JIBE.V3ISI.14425","url":null,"abstract":"Technology has no boundary, people made technology as their primary routine in daily task. Technology also mainly being used worldwide and provide many outcomes towards the education system. The transformation of industrial revolution 4.0 brings the education system one step forward to meet the worldwide demand. Students nowadays are Z-generation that live in modern and digital lifestyle. Thus, the digital platform such as E-Learning has been applied in recent of teaching and learning in most of the university. However, the application and usage of elearning in university did not well used and applied by students. Hence, there is a need for e-learning platform to transform and improve the system so that student can be more interest to use E-learning and ultimately result in better academic performance. A theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) applied as the fundamental of this study. Hence this study aims to investigate the perception of 152 students in selected of the local university towards the application of e-learning platform. Data collection further analysed using regression analysis and found perceive usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioural intention and system usage predict significantly towards student satisfaction. The finding implies that the application of e-learning among students was satisfied. The improvement of the interaction system and attraction of the system can promote and encourage students active to use e-learning.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14423
Azitadoly Mohd Arifin, F. A. Mohamad Basir, Azreen Roslan, Nurfariza Azhari
In the era of digital technology, with the advancement of technologies, social media has become an essential foundation for communications across multiple generations. According to the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission report, in the year 2016, about 21.9 million out of the 31.7 million total population of Malaysia was classified as social users. The breakdown of the social users are 97.3% claiming to have their own Facebook account, 56.1% with their own Instagram account and 45.3% are YouTube users. The main objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of social media risk attitude in Kuala Selangor, comprises three independent factors which are entertainment, sociality and information. This study was conducted through questionnaires distributed to 100 individuals in the Kuala Selangor area and regression analysis was used to analyze the findings. The results showed that there was significant relationship between the entertainment factor and information factor towards the social media risk attitude. This indicates that the risk attitudes of social media in the Kuala Selangor area, is heavily influenced by the entertainment and information factors. The sociality factor however was insignificant towards the risk attitudes of the social media
{"title":"Determinants of Social Media Risk Attitude","authors":"Azitadoly Mohd Arifin, F. A. Mohamad Basir, Azreen Roslan, Nurfariza Azhari","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14423","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of digital technology, with the advancement of technologies, social media has become an essential foundation for communications across multiple generations. According to the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission report, in the year 2016, about 21.9 million out of the 31.7 million total population of Malaysia was classified as social users. The breakdown of the social users are 97.3% claiming to have their own Facebook account, 56.1% with their own Instagram account and 45.3% are YouTube users. The main objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of social media risk attitude in Kuala Selangor, comprises three independent factors which are entertainment, sociality and information. This study was conducted through questionnaires distributed to 100 individuals in the Kuala Selangor area and regression analysis was used to analyze the findings. The results showed that there was significant relationship between the entertainment factor and information factor towards the social media risk attitude. This indicates that the risk attitudes of social media in the Kuala Selangor area, is heavily influenced by the entertainment and information factors. The sociality factor however was insignificant towards the risk attitudes of the social media","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"390 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133359598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14420
S. Sulaiman, Zahariah Sahudin, Z. Ismail, Hazirah Azhar
The main purpose of this research is to identify whether there is any relationship between economic indicators, industrialization and pollutant emissions (CO2) on economic development in Malaysia. Economic indicators consist of government debt, health and education expenditure. This paper used Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Method to test the factors affecting the economic development. The data collection for each variable are collected from year 1980 until 2014 for 35 years in Malaysia. The result of the study shows that industrialization and pollutant emission (CO2) have a significant relationship on economic development. Meanwhile, government debt, health and education expenditure do not have a significant relationship on economic development. These finding will help to understand the effect of independent variables towards the dependent variable (economic development)
{"title":"The Impact of Economic Indicators, Industrialization and Pollutant Emissions (CO2) on Economic Development in Malaysia","authors":"S. Sulaiman, Zahariah Sahudin, Z. Ismail, Hazirah Azhar","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14420","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research is to identify whether there is any relationship between economic indicators, industrialization and pollutant emissions (CO2) on economic development in Malaysia. Economic indicators consist of government debt, health and education expenditure. This paper used Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Method to test the factors affecting the economic development. The data collection for each variable are collected from year 1980 until 2014 for 35 years in Malaysia. The result of the study shows that industrialization and pollutant emission (CO2) have a significant relationship on economic development. Meanwhile, government debt, health and education expenditure do not have a significant relationship on economic development. These finding will help to understand the effect of independent variables towards the dependent variable (economic development)","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127779244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14424
Nur Fadhilah Mohd Yusof, Mohd Shamim Che Mohd Hariri, Ahmad Shazeer Mohamed Taheer, Syed Ashrene Syed Omar
This study aimed to investigate factors that significantly affect the adoption of electronic payment system (EPS) by local small and medium enterprise (SMEs) in Malaysia. Referring to the Central Bank of Malaysia’s report, it has stated that this country would achieve higher economic growth and higher competitiveness by fully migrating from paper-based payment system to electronic payment because the latter provide opportunities to enhance productivity level and lower cost of doing business. These four factors were simplicity, security/privacy, organization culture and top management support and how these factors may have impact on the adoption rate of electronic payment system. The population of this study was all the SMEs that are listed in SME Corporation Bhd, concentrated at all major cities in Malaysia. Proportionate sample was targeted from the company listings from SME Corp. Survey method was adopted in this study to achieve its objectives. A Likert five- point scale questionnaire was developed to collect the required data after reviewing some previous studies that related to the subject of the study. This study revealed that top management support and organizational culture have the strongest impact among the other independent variables on the adoption of EPS by SMEs in Malaysia. For future research, it is suggested that this research can be targeted according to state individually or by industry for better understanding on the adoption of EPS.
{"title":"The Adoption of Electronic Payment System Among Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia","authors":"Nur Fadhilah Mohd Yusof, Mohd Shamim Che Mohd Hariri, Ahmad Shazeer Mohamed Taheer, Syed Ashrene Syed Omar","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14424","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate factors that significantly affect the adoption of electronic payment system (EPS) by local small and medium enterprise (SMEs) in Malaysia. Referring to the Central Bank of Malaysia’s report, it has stated that this country would achieve higher economic growth and higher competitiveness by fully migrating from paper-based payment system to electronic payment because the latter provide opportunities to enhance productivity level and lower cost of doing business. These four factors were simplicity, security/privacy, organization culture and top management support and how these factors may have impact on the adoption rate of electronic payment system. The population of this study was all the SMEs that are listed in SME Corporation Bhd, concentrated at all major cities in Malaysia. Proportionate sample was targeted from the company listings from SME Corp. Survey method was adopted in this study to achieve its objectives. A Likert five- point scale questionnaire was developed to collect the required data after reviewing some previous studies that related to the subject of the study. This study revealed that top management support and organizational culture have the strongest impact among the other independent variables on the adoption of EPS by SMEs in Malaysia. For future research, it is suggested that this research can be targeted according to state individually or by industry for better understanding on the adoption of EPS.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125593296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14419
Mohamad Naqiuddin Md Mansor, Norhidayah Mohd Rashid, Hairunnisa Ma’amor, Nur Idayu Badrolhisam, Nor Intan Shamimi Abdul Aziz
University colleges provide cafeteria for student living on campus to purchase foods. These cafeteria open on daily basis, located in separate building and usually within a walking distance from college. A college cafeteria system often has a virtual monopoly on the students due to an isolated location and less competition for on-campus food. There is situation where students must wait for a long time to purchase pre-cooked or ordered foods. The situation will become worse when students are hungry at night and the cafeteria is already closed. In addition most of the cafeterias are closed during semester break since only few students stay at the college. Alternatively, purchasing foods via vending machines are adaptable and acceptable since it operates twenty-four hours seven days a week. Vending machine can provide variety of foods and drinks with affordable price range. This study aims to investigate the purchasing experience among university’s residential college students by using vending machine. The result will help vending machine operators develop and customize their own machines to better serve the customers’ needs.
{"title":"Vending Machine Purchasing Experience Among Students in the University’s Residential College","authors":"Mohamad Naqiuddin Md Mansor, Norhidayah Mohd Rashid, Hairunnisa Ma’amor, Nur Idayu Badrolhisam, Nor Intan Shamimi Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14419","url":null,"abstract":"University colleges provide cafeteria for student living on campus to purchase foods. These cafeteria open on daily basis, located in separate building and usually within a walking distance from college. A college cafeteria system often has a virtual monopoly on the students due to an isolated location and less competition for on-campus food. There is situation where students must wait for a long time to purchase pre-cooked or ordered foods. The situation will become worse when students are hungry at night and the cafeteria is already closed. In addition most of the cafeterias are closed during semester break since only few students stay at the college. Alternatively, purchasing foods via vending machines are adaptable and acceptable since it operates twenty-four hours seven days a week. Vending machine can provide variety of foods and drinks with affordable price range. This study aims to investigate the purchasing experience among university’s residential college students by using vending machine. The result will help vending machine operators develop and customize their own machines to better serve the customers’ needs.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"33 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116198653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14421
A. Halim, M. Zamri, Mohd Rasid
Customer satisfaction is defined as the customer's attitude towards the perceived service performance, which results from the differences in pre-existing expectations and the actual service performance. There are many factors that can lead to customer satisfaction, but instead of looking into all factors, it is interesting to look at cultural differences since the study focuses on the Malaysian setting, which is known for the multicultural environment. More interestingly, businesses in Malaysia not only involve local customers, but as well as customers from Asian and Western regions. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between individualism and collectivism towards customer service satisfaction, specifically in the retail sector which involves multinational brands as well as multicultural customers. The use of Geert Hofstede Dimension theory in this study is because it is one of the most important theory in cultural differences studies and has generated a large body of research. A quantitative method has been used and the study has been conducted on 103 respondents, 51.5 % are from Asian origin and 48.5% are of Western origin. Although both individualism and collectivism have a significant impact on customer service satisfaction in the retail sector, it is proven in this study that collectivism has more to do in determining the satisfaction level as a whole. It is recommended that further studies should be done outside of Klang Valley. Furthermore, future research should seek to expand the pool of potential explanatory variables such as how cultural differences factor can help influence customer satisfaction.
{"title":"The Effect of Individualism and Collectivism on Customer Satisfaction in Retail Sector: Asian versus Western Culture","authors":"A. Halim, M. Zamri, Mohd Rasid","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3isi.14421","url":null,"abstract":"Customer satisfaction is defined as the customer's attitude towards the perceived service performance, which results from the differences in pre-existing expectations and the actual service performance. There are many factors that can lead to customer satisfaction, but instead of looking into all factors, it is interesting to look at cultural differences since the study focuses on the Malaysian setting, which is known for the multicultural environment. More interestingly, businesses in Malaysia not only involve local customers, but as well as customers from Asian and Western regions. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between individualism and collectivism towards customer service satisfaction, specifically in the retail sector which involves multinational brands as well as multicultural customers. The use of Geert Hofstede Dimension theory in this study is because it is one of the most important theory in cultural differences studies and has generated a large body of research. A quantitative method has been used and the study has been conducted on 103 respondents, 51.5 % are from Asian origin and 48.5% are of Western origin. Although both individualism and collectivism have a significant impact on customer service satisfaction in the retail sector, it is proven in this study that collectivism has more to do in determining the satisfaction level as a whole. It is recommended that further studies should be done outside of Klang Valley. Furthermore, future research should seek to expand the pool of potential explanatory variables such as how cultural differences factor can help influence customer satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129191011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14432
Angayar Kanni Ramaiah
Competition law (CL) prevents anti-competitive conducts but does not ensure fair competition or level playing field with respect to State-Owned enterprises (SOEs). Hence, the principle of competitive neutrality promotes that government related business activities in competition with the private sector should not have a competitive advantage or disadvantage simply by virtue of government ownership and control (UNCTAD). Therefore, specific policies and legal rules is essential for achieving competitive neutrality. The Malaysian, Competition Act 2010 (CA2010) subjectively restricts and excludes some government linked enterprises. However, the some economic or, legal policy and political reasons limits CLs applicability and dictates its scope subjectively. In these context exemptions, de facto or de jure, direct or indirect state aid and restrictive licensing requirements impairs competition to benefit the domestic economy or national champion. This practice impacts the true spirit of market competition among rivals. Although Malaysian SOEs recognised as government’s toolbox for societal and public value creation but its future should to be more actively owned and managed to avoid competing unfairly on enterprises that can deliver more efficiently and effectively the goods and services that citizens need and want. In this context, three principal questions from the international trade perspective is analysed on (1) How important is state ownership within Malaysian context (2) What types of advantages should be granted to SOEs (or disadvantages afflicting them) and (3) What policies required to enhance effective competition among all market participants? The paper reviews the state of SOE with respect to exemptions and exclusions policy with respect to governance, independent decision-making, accountability and disclosure policy to improvise the level playing scope between SOE and private sector within the competition law perspective in Malaysia.
{"title":"The Competition Neutrality in Malaysia: Challenges and Policy Options","authors":"Angayar Kanni Ramaiah","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14432","url":null,"abstract":"Competition law (CL) prevents anti-competitive conducts but does not ensure fair competition or level playing field with respect to State-Owned enterprises (SOEs). Hence, the principle of competitive neutrality promotes that government related business activities in competition with the private sector should not have a competitive advantage or disadvantage simply by virtue of government ownership and control (UNCTAD). Therefore, specific policies and legal rules is essential for achieving competitive neutrality. The Malaysian, Competition Act 2010 (CA2010) subjectively restricts and excludes some government linked enterprises. However, the some economic or, legal policy and political reasons limits CLs applicability and dictates its scope subjectively. In these context exemptions, de facto or de jure, direct or indirect state aid and restrictive licensing requirements impairs competition to benefit the domestic economy or national champion. This practice impacts the true spirit of market competition among rivals. Although Malaysian SOEs recognised as government’s toolbox for societal and public value creation but its future should to be more actively owned and managed to avoid competing unfairly on enterprises that can deliver more efficiently and effectively the goods and services that citizens need and want. In this context, three principal questions from the international trade perspective is analysed on (1) How important is state ownership within Malaysian context (2) What types of advantages should be granted to SOEs (or disadvantages afflicting them) and (3) What policies required to enhance effective competition among all market participants? The paper reviews the state of SOE with respect to exemptions and exclusions policy with respect to governance, independent decision-making, accountability and disclosure policy to improvise the level playing scope between SOE and private sector within the competition law perspective in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117012717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14433
Dullah Mulok, Mori Kogid, Rozilee Asid, Jaratin Lily
This study examines the relationship between criminal activities and the multi-macroeconomic factors of economic growth, unemployment, poverty, population and inflation in Malaysia from 1980 to 2013. The ARDL bounds testing of the level relationship was used to establish the long-run relation, and the Toda-Yamamoto Augmented VAR approach was used to test the short-run impact based on partial Granger non-causality analysis. Empirical results suggest that economic growth, inflation, poverty and population are significant factors affecting criminal activities in Malaysia with economic growth and poverty recording positive effects, whereas negative effects were recorded for inflation and population in the long-term. Further investigation using Granger non-causality analysis revealed that only population does Granger caused the criminal activities in the short-run. The findings provide useful information for policymakers to strengthen the existing crime-related policies in order to improve safety and security while maintaining economic sustainability in Malaysia.
{"title":"Multi-Factor Crime in Malaysia, 1980 – 2013: Bounds Testing of Level Relationships and Granger Non-Causality Analysis","authors":"Dullah Mulok, Mori Kogid, Rozilee Asid, Jaratin Lily","doi":"10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v3i2.14433","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between criminal activities and the multi-macroeconomic factors of economic growth, unemployment, poverty, population and inflation in Malaysia from 1980 to 2013. The ARDL bounds testing of the level relationship was used to establish the long-run relation, and the Toda-Yamamoto Augmented VAR approach was used to test the short-run impact based on partial Granger non-causality analysis. Empirical results suggest that economic growth, inflation, poverty and population are significant factors affecting criminal activities in Malaysia with economic growth and poverty recording positive effects, whereas negative effects were recorded for inflation and population in the long-term. Further investigation using Granger non-causality analysis revealed that only population does Granger caused the criminal activities in the short-run. The findings provide useful information for policymakers to strengthen the existing crime-related policies in order to improve safety and security while maintaining economic sustainability in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":258234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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