Bioresource Technology最新文献_第7页

Nitrogen assimilation may facilitate enhanced nitrogen removal and reservation in algal-bacterial granular sludge. 氮同化可以促进藻-细菌颗粒污泥中氮的去除和保留。

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133799

Ziyin Ai, Yuechong Fan, Jian Dong, Xinyu Lyu, Weiwei Huang, Tian Yuan, Motoo Utsumi, Kazuya Shimizu, Zhongfang Lei

Algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) is promising for sustainable nitrogen management, yet its mechanistic advantages over bacterial aerobic granular sludge (BAGS) remain unclear. Two 16-L BAGS- and ABGS-sequencing batch reactors were operated in parallel to treat synthetic domestic wastewater and evaluated via nitrification inhibition by allylthiourea in addition to batch tests and microbial community analysis. Both biosystems achieved >99 % ammonia removal, in which nitrification/denitrification accounted for ∼99 % in BAGS while ∼53 % in ABGS with a substantial assimilatory contribution. When nitrification was inhibited, BAGS retained <2 % of its original ammonia removal capacity, whereas ABGS maintained ∼33 %, consistent with enriched phototrophs. Under normal operations, the specific ammonia removal rates of ABGS and BAGS were comparable; with allylthiourea inhibition ABGS demonstrated a >20-fold higher rate, supporting its dominance of assimilative pathways. Therefore ABGS can couple nitrification/denitrification with assimilative nitrogen retention, offering a synergistic route for nitrogen removal and bionitrogen recovery from low-strength wastewater.

藻-细菌颗粒污泥（ABGS）有望用于可持续氮管理，但其相对于细菌好氧颗粒污泥（BAGS）的机制优势尚不清楚。采用16l BAGS-和abgs -序批式反应器并联运行，处理生活污水，并通过烯丙基硫脲的硝化抑制作用、批量试验和微生物群落分析进行了评价。两种生物系统的氨去除率均达到了bbb99 %，其中bag的硝化/反硝化作用为~ 99 %，而ABGS的硝化/反硝化作用为~ 53 %，具有相当大的同化作用。当硝化作用受到抑制时，BAGS保持了20倍的速率，支持其在同化途径中的优势地位。因此，ABGS可以将硝化/反硝化与同化性氮保留结合起来，为低强度废水的脱氮和生物氮回收提供了一条协同途径。

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引用次数: 0

Static magnetic field enhances respiratory dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium over denitrification in sulfide-based autotrophic systems 在以硫化物为基础的自养系统中，静态磁场增强了呼吸异化硝酸还原为铵的反硝化作用。

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133796

Zhongling Yuan, Wei Zeng, Mengjia Zhan, Yongzhen Peng

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) represents a sustainable strategy for nitrogen resource recovery from wastewater, yet selectively enhancing DNRA over denitrification in sulfide-based autotrophic systems remains challenging. This study investigates the impact of static magnetic field (SMF, 0-100mT) on nitrate reduction pathways in sulfide-rich wastewater. SMF elevated DNRA efficiency to 41.8 % with an influent sulfide concentration of 200 mgS/L (S/N ratio of 3:1) under 30 mT, supported by nrfA upregulation (7.6 × 10¹⁰ vs. 4.0 × 10⁷ copies/g SS in control). ¹⁵N isotope labeling and enhanced direct extracellular electron transfer via cytochrome c and conductive pili confirmed that SMF preferentially drove nitrate flux toward DNRA. Metagenomics revealed that SMF enriched DNRA taxa (Aeromonas, Shewanella) and enhanced their synergy with Thiobacillus, improving metabolic flexibility. This work unveils microbial competition mechanisms between denitrification and DNRA in sulfide-based systems and proposes an innovative SMF-assisted ammonium recovery approach, advancing the understanding of sulfide-based nitrogen removal technologies.

异化硝态氮还原为铵态氮（DNRA）是一种可持续的废水氮资源回收策略，但在硫化物自养系统中选择性地增强DNRA而不是反硝化仍然具有挑战性。研究了静磁场（SMF, 0-100mT）对富硫化物废水中硝酸盐还原途径的影响。SMF在30 mT条件下将DNRA效率提高到41.8 %，进水硫化物浓度为200 mg /L (S/N比为3:1)，并支持nrfA上调（7.6 × 1010对4.0 × 107拷贝/g SS对照）。15N同位素标记和通过细胞色素c和导电毛增强的直接胞外电子转移证实SMF优先驱动硝酸盐流向DNRA。宏基因组学显示SMF富集了DNRA分类群（气单胞菌，希瓦氏菌），并增强了它们与硫杆菌的协同作用，提高了代谢灵活性。这项工作揭示了硫化物基系统中反硝化和DNRA之间的微生物竞争机制，并提出了一种创新的smf辅助铵回收方法，促进了对硫化物基脱氮技术的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of carbon resources via in situ esterification in dark fermentation: Enabling butyl butyrate formation and boosting biohydrogen production 在暗发酵中通过原位酯化使碳资源增值：使丁酸丁酯形成和促进生物氢的生产。

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133798

Yu Tian, Jiangbo Li, Dengyang Wang, Shaojie Wang, Haijia Su

Biological hydrogen production via dark fermentation is a promising and sustainable approach for renewable energy generation. However, its practical application is hindered by the inefficient utilization of carbon substrates, as a large proportion is diverted into inhibitory by-products such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To overcome this limitation, this study developed an integrated one-pot system, combining dark fermentation with enzyme-catalyzed esterification, which converts VFAs into high-value esters while enhancing hydrogen production. Key influence factors, including lipase type, dosage, pH, and extractant type, were systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions, cumulative hydrogen production reached 3631 ± 154 mL/L, a 58.21 % increase compared to the non-esterified group, while butyl butyrate (BB) production in extraction reached 8.66 ± 0.06 g/L. The carbon flow analysis demonstrated that approximately 7.60 % of the carbon from the consumed starch was converted into BB. Furthermore, a fed-batch fermentation resulted in simultaneous hydrogen and BB production, achieving a final BB production of 22.44 ± 0.36 g/L. Microbial community analysis indicated that the esterification strategy promoted the enrichment of Clostridium species, known for their pivotal role in hydrogen production. Under the esterification strategy, KEGG based functional genes analysis showed a notable enrichment in the relative abundances of genes associated with glycolysis and hydrogenase functions. This innovative approach not only alleviates VFAs inhibition but also provides a theoretical and technical foundation for the high-value utilization of VFAs, offering considerable potential for industrial applications.

通过暗发酵生物制氢是一种有前途的可持续的可再生能源生产方法。然而，碳底物的低效利用阻碍了其实际应用，因为大部分碳底物被转化为抑制副产物，如挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）。为了克服这一限制，本研究开发了一种集成的一锅系统，将暗发酵与酶催化酯化相结合，将VFAs转化为高价值酯，同时提高了氢气的产量。对脂肪酶类型、用量、pH、萃取剂类型等关键影响因素进行了系统评价。在最佳条件下，累积产氢量达到3631 ± 154 mL/L，比未酯化组提高58.21 %，而提取丁酸丁酯（BB）的产氢量达到8.66 ± 0.06 g/L。碳流分析表明，消耗的淀粉中约有7.60 %的碳转化为BB。此外，补料分批发酵使氢气和BB同时产生，最终BB产量为22.44 ± 0.36 g/L。微生物群落分析表明，酯化策略促进了梭状芽孢杆菌的富集，这些梭状芽孢杆菌在制氢中起着关键作用。在酯化策略下，基于KEGG的功能基因分析显示糖酵解和氢化酶功能相关基因的相对丰度显著增加。这一创新方法不仅减轻了VFAs的抑制作用，而且为VFAs的高价值利用提供了理论和技术基础，具有相当大的工业应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Mixed-gas ARTP mutagenesis Decodes the Argon-, Air-, and hybrid Plasma-Specific regulation of Biomass-Lipid-Carbon trade-offs in Chlorella sorokiniana 混合气体ARTP诱变解码氩、空气和混合等离子体对小球藻生物量-脂质-碳权衡的特异性调节。

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133800

Hongwei Li , Xin Sun , Lei Ye , Naima Batool , Ali Turab

To overcome the limitations of traditional single-gas mutagenesis, a novel mixed-gas (argon:air = 2:1) atmospheric room-temperature plasma (ARTP) strategy was developed, yielding a superior Chlorella sorokiniana mutant (MixX3). MixX3 exhibited 1.95-fold higher biomass (1126.39 mg/L), 2.72-fold increased lipid content (72.29%), and 2.89-fold enhanced carbon sequestration (732.15 mg C/L) than the wild type, achieving a triacylglycerol (TAG) yield of 570 mg/L. It surpassed all reported single-gas ARTP mutants. Enhanced fatty acid profiles (68.83% saturated fatty acids) improved biodiesel oxidative stability and cetane number. Transcriptomic analysis revealed phased metabolic reprogramming. Strengthened ribosome biogenesis (e.g., 226-fold upregulation of RP-L30e) and antioxidant activation sustained translational capacity under oxidative stress; MYB/SBP transcription networks redirected acetyl-CoA flux toward lipid biosynthesis; and glyoxylate cycle activation bypassed CO₂-releasing steps to optimize carbon retention. MixX3 resolved the biomass-lipid-carbon trade-off through a “physical mutagenesis–metabolic reprogramming–transcriptional regulation” framework, demonstrating mixed-gas ARTP’s potential for scalable biofuel production and carbon capture.

为了克服传统的单气体诱变的局限性，开发了一种新的混合气体（氩气：空气 = 2:1）大气室温等离子体（ARTP）策略，产生了一种优良的小球藻突变体（MixX3）。MixX3的生物量（1126.39 mg/L）是野生型的1.95倍，脂质含量（72.29 %）是野生型的2.72倍，固碳量（732.15 mg C/L）是野生型的2.89倍，三酰甘油（TAG）产率为570 mg/L。它超过了所有已报道的单气体ARTP突变体。增强的脂肪酸谱（68.83 %饱和脂肪酸）提高了生物柴油的氧化稳定性和十六烷值。转录组学分析显示阶段性代谢重编程。核糖体生物发生增强（例如，RP-L30e上调226倍）和抗氧化激活维持氧化应激下的翻译能力；MYB/SBP转录网络将乙酰辅酶a通量转向脂质生物合成；乙醛酸循环激活绕过二氧化碳释放步骤，优化碳保留。MixX3通过“物理诱变-代谢重编程-转录调控”框架解决了生物质-脂质-碳平衡问题，展示了混合气体ARTP在大规模生物燃料生产和碳捕获方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Rational engineering of R-selective transaminase from Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans for efficient synthesis of chiral β-amino aryl ethers 利用氨氧假心草r -选择性转氨酶高效合成手性β-氨基芳醚。

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133802

Xiao Gao , Wenhe Zhang , Qingyu Wang , Zhuobing Zhang , Hongli Wei , Xiaowei Wei , Lu Zhao , Weidong Liu , Xian Jia , Song You

R-transaminases show significant promise for the industrial synthesis of chiral amine pharmaceutical intermediates. However, the application is hindered by limited substrate acceptance and poor catalytic efficiency toward bulky substrates. Herein, the R-transaminase from Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans (PaTA) with the high activity towards the mexiletine precursor ketone (1c) was identified, and its crystal structure was resolved (PDB: 9UJD). Substrate specificity analysis revealed that PaTA exhibited obvious substrate preference for aryl-substituted phenoxyacetones (1c-16c). Based on the crystal structure, key sites affecting substrate selectivity were identified, followed by multiple rounds of engineering that yielded a series of variants with enhanced catalytic performance. Ultimately, the gram-scale synthesis of R-1d and 12d was conducted, achieving the space–time yields (STY) of 24 and 32 g/L·h, respectively. This study provides practical biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral β-amino aryl ethers, along with insights into the relationship between the enzyme-substrate binding pocket and substrate selectivity.

r -转氨酶在手性胺类药物中间体的工业合成中具有重要的应用前景。然而，由于基材接受度有限和对大块基材的催化效率较差，阻碍了其应用。本文鉴定了对美西汀前体酮（1c）具有高活性的Pseudonocardia amioxydans (PaTA) r -转氨酶，并对其晶体结构进行了解析（PDB: 9UJD）。底物特异性分析显示，PaTA对芳基取代的苯氧丙酮具有明显的底物偏好（1c-16c）。基于晶体结构，确定了影响底物选择性的关键位点，随后进行了多轮工程，产生了一系列具有增强催化性能的变体。最终进行了R-1d和12d的克级合成，时空产率（STY）分别为24和32 g/L·h。这项研究为手性β-氨基芳基醚的合成提供了实用的生物催化剂，同时也深入了解了酶-底物结合袋与底物选择性之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous production of xylooligosaccharides and acetic acid from xylan-rich biomass by an acetylxylan esterase with two synergistic catalytic domains 具有两个协同催化结构域的乙酰木聚糖酯酶从富含木聚糖的生物质中同时生产低聚木糖和乙酸。

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133801

Haiyan Yu , Bolin Liu , Xue Han , Jingru Yang , Yulong Li , Xiaoxuan Bai , Yanli Jia , Shang Li , Liansheng Zhao , Yulu Wang , Fengjiao Xin

Xylan represents a promising resource for generating high-value bioproducts in lignocellulosic biorefineries. Nevertheless, the intricate structure of xylan poses challenges for its degradation, requiring the synergistic action of specialized side-chain cleaving enzymes to enhance the efficiency of endo-xylanases. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel acetylxylan esterase (BtAcXE) from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482, featuring a unique dual-catalytic domain architecture comprising an N-terminal CE1 domain (NTD) and a C-terminal CE3 domain (CTD). BtAcXE exhibited remarkable activity of 6864.1 ± 745.6 U/mg against p-nitrophenylacetate, exceeding that of the individual NTD and CTD enzymes, as well as an equimolar mixture of both domains. Furthermore, supplementing xylanase with BtAcXE enhanced the hydrolysis of birchwood xylan by 1.9-fold, yielding up to 0.182 ± 0.003 g/g acetic acid and 0.304 ± 0.029 g/g reducing sugars, respectively. Acetic acid yields of 0.019–0.058 g/g were further achieved from more complex pretreated lignocellulosic feedstocks. Notably, the native dual-domain structure of BtAcXE conferred inter-domain synergy, resulting in an overall increase in the release of both acetic acid and reducing sugars. This study establishes BtAcXE as a highly efficient Axe with substantial potential for enhancing the high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and provides valuable insights for designing and applying multicatalytic-domain xylanolytic enzymes.

木聚糖是一种在木质纤维素生物精炼厂中生产高价值生物产品的有前途的资源。然而，木聚糖复杂的结构给其降解带来了挑战，需要专门的侧链切割酶的协同作用来提高内切木聚糖酶的效率。在这项研究中，我们从拟杆菌属（Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482）中鉴定并表征了一种新的乙酰木聚糖酯酶（BtAcXE），该酶具有独特的双催化结构域结构，包括n端CE1结构域（NTD）和c端CE3结构域（CTD）。BtAcXE对对硝基苯醋酸酯的活性为6864.1 ± 745.6 U/mg，超过了NTD和CTD酶的活性，并且是两个结构域的等摩尔混合物。此外，添加BtAcXE的木聚糖酶对桦木木聚糖的水解能力提高了1.9倍，乙酸和还原糖的产量分别高达0.182 ± 0.003 g/g和0.304 ± 0.029 g/g。从更复杂的预处理木质纤维素原料进一步获得0.019-0.058 g/g的乙酸产率。值得注意的是，BtAcXE的天然双结构域结构赋予了结构域间的协同作用，导致乙酸和还原糖的释放总体增加。本研究确定了BtAcXE作为一种高效的斧头，具有提高木质纤维素生物质高价值利用的巨大潜力，并为设计和应用多催化结构域木聚糖水解酶提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar-immobilized microorganisms drive removal and transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in soil: Efficiency and microbial succession dynamics 生物炭固定化微生物驱动土壤中多环芳烃及其衍生物的去除和转化：效率和微生物演替动力学

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133795

Shuying Geng , Fuqiang Fan , Zile Han , Suzhen Yin , Wei Cao , Guangming Xu , Aizhong Ding , Feiyong Chen , Shushuai Mao , Junfeng Dou

Biochar-immobilized microorganisms (BIM) have demonstrated significant potential in bioremediating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils, whereas the fate of substituted PAHs (SPAHs) and mechanisms underlying microbial community responses remain underexplored. This study evaluated the occurrence and health risks of PAHs/SPAHs in historically contaminated soils treated with rice husk-derived biochar-immobilized Rhodococcus, while elucidating the succession dynamics of microbial communities. Results showed that BIM achieved efficient removal of PAHs (70.53 %) and SPAHs (38.22 %) within 180 days, exhibiting degradation hierarchies (P < 0.05, ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD) of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs > high molecular weight PAHs and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) > nitrogenated PAHs (NPAHs). Additionally, the remediation process revealed a transformation trend from parent PAHs to OPAHs, suggesting oxidative degradation as the predominant pathway. Post-remediation, the carcinogenic risk of soil PAHs/SPAHs decreased to negligible levels (9.62E-11 to 8.49E-06). Microbial community responses highlighted differential sensitivities. Bacterial diversity showed the greatest responsiveness to BIM, experiencing structural fluctuations during the initial phase before stabilizing. Fungal community structure displayed continuous fluctuations throughout the entire remediation period, while archaeal community structure maintained high stability. During remediation, inter-domain molecular ecological networks displayed enhanced robustness and mutualistic interactions in Phase I (0–60 days), while resource competition intensified over time. Bacteria and fungi emerged as keystone taxa within these networks. Specific soil physicochemical factors, LMW PAHs and NPAHs were identified as key environmental factors driving the deterministic assembly and microbial community succession. This study advances our understanding of the potential applications of BIM in the remediation of PAH-contaminated soil.

生物炭固定化微生物（BIM）在修复多环芳烃（PAH）污染的土壤中显示出巨大的潜力，而取代的多环芳烃（SPAHs）的命运和微生物群落响应的机制仍未得到充分探讨。本研究评估了稻壳源生物炭固定化红球菌处理的历史污染土壤中多环芳烃/多环芳烃的发生和健康风险，同时阐明了微生物群落的演替动态。结果表明，BIM在180 天内实现了PAHs（70.53 %）和sphs（38.22 %）的高效去除，显示出低分子量（LMW） PAHs >； 高分子量PAHs和含氧PAHs （OPAHs） >； 含氮PAHs （NPAHs）的降解层次（P < 0.05，与Tukey’s HSD的方差分析）。此外，修复过程呈现由母体多环芳烃向多环芳烃转化的趋势，表明氧化降解是主要途径。修复后，土壤PAHs/SPAHs的致癌风险降至可忽略不计的水平（9.62E-11 ~ 8.49E-06）。微生物群落的反应突出了不同的敏感性。细菌多样性对BIM的响应最大，在初始阶段经历结构波动，然后趋于稳定。在整个修复过程中，真菌群落结构呈现出持续波动的趋势，而古细菌群落结构则保持了较高的稳定性。在修复过程中，区域间分子生态网络在第一阶段（0-60 天）表现出增强的鲁棒性和互惠相互作用，而资源竞争随着时间的推移而加剧。细菌和真菌成为这些网络中的关键分类群。土壤理化因子、低分子量多环芳烃和非多环芳烃是驱动确定性组合和微生物群落演替的关键环境因子。本研究加深了我们对BIM在多环芳烃污染土壤修复中的潜在应用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics promote conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes via membrane protein interactions: Highlighting oxidative stress and energy supply 微塑料通过膜蛋白相互作用促进抗生素抗性基因的共轭转移：突出氧化应激和能量供应

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133793

Yunxia Ma , Xinrui Chang , Jiajia Zhang , Lei Wang , Hu Li , Tiecheng Wang

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging global pollutants, but the impact of MPs on plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer (CTF) of ARGs remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) on the plasmid-mediated CTF of the RP4 plasmid in E. coli. PE (5 mg/L, 1000 nm) exhibited the highest CTF (5.96 × 10⁻⁷), which was 8.9-fold greater than that of the control. Exposure to MPs upregulated genes involved in ROS generation, energy metabolism, membrane integrity, stress responses, and various transcriptional regulatory genes critical for plasmid transfer. Among the MPs tested, PE showed the highest affinity for ARGs adsorption, which can be attributed to its hydrophobicity and negative surface charge, enhancing microbial adhesion and the spread of ARGs. Molecular docking and density functional theory analyses demonstrated that the flexible structure, charge distribution, and frontier orbital characteristics of PE stabilized interactions with membrane components and reduced the energy barrier (–3.626 kcal/mol) for plasmid translocation. Structural equation modeling identified cell contact (19.79-fold increase) and energy supply (11.5-fold increase) as key factors driving CTF. These findings offer mechanistic insights into MPs-facilitated ARGs propagation, highlighting the potential ecological and public health risks associated with MP contamination.

微塑料（MPs）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）是新兴的全球性污染物，但MPs对ARGs质粒介导的共轭转移（CTF）的影响尚不清楚。本研究研究了聚乙烯（PE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚丙烯（PP）对大肠杆菌中RP4质粒介导的CTF的影响。PE（5 mg/L, 1000 nm）的CTF最高，为5.96 × 10−7，是对照的8.9倍。暴露于MPs会上调参与ROS生成、能量代谢、膜完整性、应激反应和各种转录调控基因的基因，这些基因对质粒转移至关重要。在测试的MPs中，PE对ARGs的吸附亲和力最高，这可能是由于PE的疏水性和表面负电荷，增强了微生物的粘附和ARGs的传播。分子对接和密度泛函数理论分析表明，PE的柔性结构、电荷分布和前沿轨道特性稳定了与膜组分的相互作用，降低了质粒转运的能垒（-3.626 kcal/mol）。结构方程模型确定细胞接触（增加19.79倍）和能量供应（增加11.5倍）是驱动CTF的关键因素。这些发现为mps促进ARGs传播提供了机制见解，突出了与mps污染相关的潜在生态和公共卫生风险。

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引用次数: 0

Microalgae under heavy metal stress: mechanistic insights into detoxification mechanism and antioxidant defence system 重金属胁迫下的微藻：解毒机制和抗氧化防御系统的机理研究

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133794

G.Roshna Parveen , Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian

Heavy metal pollution is intensifying due to rapid industrialization, especially near industries such as mining, battery manufacturing, metal plating, tanneries, and textiles, where untreated wastewater releases toxic metals like chromium, cadmium, lead, and mercury. These metals persist in the environment and pose severe risks to aquatic life, soil health, and human populations through contamination of water and food sources. In response, microalgae have emerged as promising approach owing to their ability for heavy metal detoxification. Microalgae have shown significant potential in mitigating heavy metal pollution via extracellular adsorption, chelation, and sequestration. It employs a range of extracellular and intracellular mechanisms to reduce metal toxicity, including surface adsorption via extracellular polymeric substances , intracellular chelation by metal-binding proteins such as glutathione and metallothioneins, and sequestration through metal transporter systems. Exposure to heavy metals induces oxidative stress, prompting the activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defences. Additionally, phytohormones modulate stress responses and enhance detoxification pathways. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate how microalgae interact with heavy metals, ranging from EPS- mediated adsorption at the cell surface to active intracellular chelation and sequestration. Furthermore, it presents biochemical and physiological responses underlying microalgae’s responses to heavy metals, including antioxidant defence systems and phytohormonal regulation.

由于工业化的快速发展，重金属污染正在加剧，特别是在采矿、电池制造、金属电镀、制革厂和纺织等行业附近，未经处理的废水释放出有毒金属，如铬、镉、铅和汞。这些金属在环境中持续存在，并通过污染水源和食物来源对水生生物、土壤健康和人口构成严重风险。因此，微藻因其对重金属的解毒能力而成为一种很有前景的植物修复剂。微藻通过胞外吸附、螯合和固存在减轻重金属污染方面显示出巨大的潜力。它采用一系列细胞外和细胞内机制来降低金属毒性，包括通过细胞外聚合物质（EPS）进行表面吸附，通过谷胱甘肽和金属硫蛋白等金属结合蛋白进行细胞内螯合，以及通过金属转运系统进行隔离。暴露于重金属会引起氧化应激，促使酶和非酶抗氧化防御的激活。此外，植物激素调节应激反应和加强解毒途径。本文旨在全面阐述微藻与重金属的相互作用，从EPS介导的细胞表面吸附到胞内活性螯合和封存。此外，它还揭示了微藻对重金属的生化和生理反应，包括金属胁迫下微藻部署的抗氧化防御系统和植物激素调节。综上所述，本文强调了微藻去除重金属的潜力，支持其在废水处理中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Bioaugmentation influences PBAT biodegradation patterns during composting through associated shifts in plastisphere communities and surface properties 生物增强通过塑料圈群落和表面特性的相关变化影响PBAT在堆肥过程中的生物降解模式

IF 9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Bioresource Technology

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133792

Guangyu Cui , Xiaoyi Wu , Xuyang Lei , Ke Huang , Fan Lü , Pinjing He , Qiyong Xu

The plastisphere microbiome plays a critical yet incompletely resolved role in the biodegradation of bioplastics during aerobic composting. Here, we investigated the degradation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by integrating surface physicochemical characterization with high-throughput microbial profiling under simulated industrial composting conditions. Inoculant amendment significantly enhanced PBAT degradation, yielding a 12.7 % carbon loss compared with 3.2 % in the control. Gel permeation chromatography further confirmed polymer depolymerization, showing pronounced declines in molecular weight (particularly Mz). These structural changes were accompanied by accelerated ester bond hydrolysis, reflected by reduced water contact angle and attenuation of the CO stretching peak. Plastisphere succession revealed that inoculants reshaped surface-associated communities, increasing α-diversity and selectively enriching thermophilic taxa. Temporal community shifts suggested stage-dependent contributions, with hydrolytic genera (Bacillus, Lactobacillus) dominating the thermophilic phase, whereas oxidative taxa (Pseudomonas) became more prominent during maturation. Neutral community model analysis indicated that plastisphere assembly followed a largely deterministic pattern linked to compost stabilization parameters. Although direct functional validation was not performed, the study reveals correlated changes among PBAT depolymerization, surface hydrolysis/oxidation, and plastisphere restructuring. On this basis, we propose a conceptual degradation framework while emphasizing that specific enzymatic pathways and microbial functions require future confirmation. These findings advance understanding of biopolymer-microbe interactions and provide guidance for optimizing inoculant-assisted composting of biodegradable plastics.

在好氧堆肥过程中，塑料球微生物群在生物塑料的生物降解中起着关键但尚未完全解决的作用。在此，我们通过将表面物理化学表征与高通量微生物分析相结合，研究了模拟工业堆肥条件下聚己二酸丁二酯（PBAT）的降解。接种剂的添加显著提高了PBAT的降解，碳损失率为12.7%，而对照组为3.2%。凝胶渗透色谱进一步证实了聚合物解聚，显示分子量（尤其是Mz）明显下降。这些结构变化伴随着酯键水解的加速，表现为水接触角的减小和CO拉伸峰的衰减。塑性球演替表明，接种剂重塑了表面相关群落，增加了α-多样性，选择性地丰富了嗜热分类群。时间群落的变化表明了阶段依赖的贡献，水解属（芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌）在嗜热阶段占主导地位，而氧化类群（假单胞菌）在成熟阶段变得更加突出。中性群落模型分析表明，与堆肥稳定参数相关的塑性圈组装在很大程度上遵循确定性模式。虽然没有进行直接的功能验证，但该研究揭示了PBAT解聚、表面水解/氧化和塑性球重构之间的相关变化。在此基础上，我们提出了一个概念性的降解框架，同时强调具体的酶途径和微生物功能需要进一步确认。这些发现促进了对生物聚合物-微生物相互作用的理解，并为优化接种剂辅助的可生物降解塑料堆肥提供了指导。

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