Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134171
Weihao Guo , Ya-Nan Hou , Wei Xing , Ran Xu , Jinfeng Ma , Ai-Jie Wang , Nanqi Ren , Cong Huang
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables precise construction of functional biohydrogels, yet effective simulation bacterial dynamics within these structures remains challenging. Here, we developed a novel gelatin/cellulose/sodium alginate (GCSA) biohydrogel incorporating Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Using Direct Blue 71 (DB71) as a model contaminant, we demonstrated efficient bioremediation while elucidating protective mechanisms through comprehensive experimental characterization. We established a cross-scale “hydrogel-bacteria-digital model” framework integrating high-quality genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) with Computation Of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space (COMETS) simulation to bridge bacterial growth distribution and contaminant diffusion within biohydrogel microenvironments. This approach revealed fundamental mechanisms governing bacteria-pollutant interactions across multiple scales, validated optimal porous architecture for enhanced mass transfer, and demonstrated that biohydrogel encapsulation reduces bacterial oxidative stress while promoting metabolic activity. The framework exhibits flexibility and extensibility in addressing complex environmental challenges while advancing fundamental understanding of cross-scale interactions in engineered biological systems.
{"title":"Cross-scale modeling of bacteria-contaminant spatiotemporal dynamics in 3D bioprinted hydrogel for dye biodegradation","authors":"Weihao Guo , Ya-Nan Hou , Wei Xing , Ran Xu , Jinfeng Ma , Ai-Jie Wang , Nanqi Ren , Cong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables precise construction of functional biohydrogels, yet effective simulation bacterial dynamics within these structures remains challenging. Here, we developed a novel gelatin/cellulose/sodium alginate (GCSA) biohydrogel incorporating <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> MR-1 with superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Using Direct Blue 71 (DB71) as a model contaminant, we demonstrated efficient bioremediation while elucidating protective mechanisms through comprehensive experimental characterization. We established a cross-scale “hydrogel-bacteria-digital model” framework integrating high-quality genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) with Computation Of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space (COMETS) simulation to bridge bacterial growth distribution and contaminant diffusion within biohydrogel microenvironments. This approach revealed fundamental mechanisms governing bacteria-pollutant interactions across multiple scales, validated optimal porous architecture for enhanced mass transfer, and demonstrated that biohydrogel encapsulation reduces bacterial oxidative stress while promoting metabolic activity. The framework exhibits flexibility and extensibility in addressing complex environmental challenges while advancing fundamental understanding of cross-scale interactions in engineered biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 134171"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134059
Sheng Wang , Mengwei Lu , Tianyu Liu , Zhihao Li , Yan Huang , Zhengfei Yan , Zhanzhi Liu , Jing Wu , Wei Xia
The conversion of glucose to prepare mannose is a biotransformation pathway with great economic value and industrial prospects. The cellobiose 2-epimerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (CsCE) can catalyze this reaction process at relatively high temperatures, exhibiting advantages such as high substrate solubility and resistance to microbial contamination, but it is unfortunately limited by a low conversion rate (∼15.5%). In this study, we obtained a novel triple mutant, E174A/L187M/R300K, by structure-guided engineering. It achieved a conversion rate of 21.1% after a 3-h reaction at 75°C, representing an improvement of 35.7% over the wild-type. Molecular dynamics analysis indicated that E174A and R300K induce salt-bridge rearrangements that rigidify flexible loops, enhancing thermostability, while L187M stabilizes the catalytic residue H188, improving substrate binding. These findings clarify the structure–function relationships of CsCE and provide a basis for further industrial optimization. Overall, this work demonstrates that structure-guided rational engineering is an effective strategy to improve the performance of thermophilic cellobiose 2-epimerases, and also provides a new candidate catalyst to promote the low-cost and stable industrial production of mannose.
{"title":"Enhanced d-mannose production by rational engineering of cellobiose 2-Epimerase","authors":"Sheng Wang , Mengwei Lu , Tianyu Liu , Zhihao Li , Yan Huang , Zhengfei Yan , Zhanzhi Liu , Jing Wu , Wei Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of glucose to prepare mannose is a biotransformation pathway with great economic value and industrial prospects. The cellobiose 2-epimerase from <em>Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus</em> (<em>Cs</em>CE) can catalyze this reaction process at relatively high temperatures, exhibiting advantages such as high substrate solubility and resistance to microbial contamination, but it is unfortunately limited by a low conversion rate (∼15.5%). In this study, we obtained a novel triple mutant, E174A/L187M/R300K, by structure-guided engineering. It achieved a conversion rate of 21.1% after a 3-h reaction at 75°C, representing an improvement of 35.7% over the wild-type. Molecular dynamics analysis indicated that E174A and R300K induce salt-bridge rearrangements that rigidify flexible loops, enhancing thermostability, while L187M stabilizes the catalytic residue H188, improving substrate binding. These findings clarify the structure–function relationships of <em>Cs</em>CE and provide a basis for further industrial optimization. Overall, this work demonstrates that structure-guided rational engineering is an effective strategy to improve the performance of thermophilic cellobiose 2-epimerases, and also provides a new candidate catalyst to promote the low-cost and stable industrial production of mannose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134059"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134047
Xun Wang , Xiaolong Kong , Weisheng Wang , Ziwei Jing , Fei Wang , Zhiguo Wang , Xun Li
Optically pure linalool with (R)- and (S)-configurations is a pivotal chiral building block in the flavors and fragrances industry as well as in sustainable crop protection. However, current production of (R)- and (S)-linalool relies on plant extraction, which is severely restricted by the spatiotemporal differences in enantiomer distribution, leading to low yields and complex downstream separation processes. Herein, we developed a practical two-step batch resolution process based on the stereoselective linalool dehydratase-isomerase (LDI), isolated from Castellaniella defragrans strain 65Phen. Using the racemic linalool as substrate, (R)-linalool was obtained in the first batch, accompanied by the dehydration of (S)-linalool to β-myrcene. After fractional distillation, β-myrcene was stereoselectively hydrated back to (S)-linalool by LDI in the second batch. To overcome the thermodynamic constraints of enzymatic reactions and enhance the productivity, we further developed an in situ product removal strategy via selective adsorption using XAD-4 resin, which shifted the reaction equilibrium toward the formation of (S)-linalool and enhanced the hydration efficiency by 28.1-fold. Moreover, employing immobilized cells LDI@de-GA, we obtained 9.9 g of (R)-linalool with 98.0% enantiomeric excess (ee) value and 9.2 g of (S)-linalool with 97.3% ee from 20 g of racemic linalool, corresponding to a combined isolated yield of 95.5%. This work represents the first enzymatic resolution of linalool and establishes an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for the synthesis of chiral linalool.
具有(R)-和(S)-构型的光学纯芳樟醇是香料和香料工业以及可持续作物保护的关键手性基石。然而，目前(R)-和(S)-芳樟醇的生产依赖于植物提取，这受到对映体分布时空差异的严重限制，导致产量低，下游分离过程复杂。本研究以脱香Castellaniella defragrans菌株65Phen的立体选择性芳樟醇脱水酶异构酶（LDI）为基础，建立了一种实用的两步法批量分离工艺。以外消旋芳樟醇为底物，第一批得到(R)-芳樟醇，并将(S)-芳樟醇脱水为β-月桂烯。第二批β-月桂烯经分馏后，用LDI立体选择性水合回(S)-芳樟醇。为了克服酶催化反应的热力学限制，提高酶催化效率，我们进一步开发了一种通过XAD-4树脂选择性吸附的原位产物去除策略，使反应平衡向(S)-芳樟醇的生成方向转变，水化效率提高了28.1倍。此外，利用固定化细胞LDI@de-GA，我们从20 g外消旋芳樟醇中获得9.9 g (R)-芳樟醇，对映体过量（ee）值为98.0%,9.2 g (S)-芳樟醇，ee值为97.3%，对应于联合分离收率为95.5%。这项工作代表了芳樟醇的第一个酶解，并建立了一个环境友好和可持续的方法来合成手性芳樟醇。
{"title":"Two-step enzymatic resolution process for large-scale production of (R)- and (S)-linalool","authors":"Xun Wang , Xiaolong Kong , Weisheng Wang , Ziwei Jing , Fei Wang , Zhiguo Wang , Xun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optically pure linalool with (R)- and (S)-configurations is a pivotal chiral building block in the flavors and fragrances industry as well as in sustainable crop protection. However, current production of (R)- and (S)-linalool relies on plant extraction, which is severely restricted by the spatiotemporal differences in enantiomer distribution, leading to low yields and complex downstream separation processes. Herein, we developed a practical two-step batch resolution process based on the stereoselective linalool dehydratase-isomerase (LDI), isolated from <em>Castellaniella defragrans</em> strain 65Phen. Using the racemic linalool as substrate, (R)-linalool was obtained in the first batch, accompanied by the dehydration of (S)-linalool to β-myrcene. After fractional distillation, β-myrcene was stereoselectively hydrated back to (S)-linalool by LDI in the second batch. To overcome the thermodynamic constraints of enzymatic reactions and enhance the productivity, we further developed an <em>in situ</em> product removal strategy via selective adsorption using XAD-4 resin, which shifted the reaction equilibrium toward the formation of (S)-linalool and enhanced the hydration efficiency by 28.1-fold. Moreover, employing immobilized cells LDI@de-GA, we obtained 9.9 g of (R)-linalool with 98.0% enantiomeric excess (ee) value and 9.2 g of (S)-linalool with 97.3% ee from 20 g of racemic linalool, corresponding to a combined isolated yield of 95.5%. This work represents the first enzymatic resolution of linalool and establishes an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for the synthesis of chiral linalool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134047"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134139
Byron Perez , Yanmeng Yang , Daniel Roxby , Samuel Steffen , Fengzheng Gao , Fabian Abiusi , Ferdinand von Meyenn , Jongyoon Han , Iris Haberkorn , Alexander Mathys
Microalgae are increasingly explored as sustainable carriers for micronutrient delivery in food, feed, and agriculture, particularly for iron enrichment. Among them, Auxenochlorella protothecoides is a promising strain owing to its ability to grow heterotrophically to high cell densities using food industry side streams and organic carbon and nitrogen sources. However, under such conditions, direct iron supplementation in the cultivation medium is largely ineffective because ferric ions are poorly soluble at near-neutral pH and readily form complexes with organic matter, limiting cellular uptake. To overcome this limitation, this study investigated how nitrogen source and availability affect iron accumulation under heterotrophic conditions. Four cultivation strategies were compared, revealing that transfer to a nitrogen- and organic-free medium and supplementation of iron with ferric ammonium citrate at 200 μg mL−1 resulted in efficient iron accumulation with the highest intracellular iron content (3,170 ± 254 mg kgDW–1), representing a 25-fold increase over direct supplementation in a normal medium and exceeding previously reported values for other microalgae by up to one order of magnitude. Intracellular iron was quantified using acid micromagnetic resonance relaxometry (acid μMRR), which showed strong agreement with conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while enabling faster, simpler, and more accessible analysis. Overall, the study shows that eliminating dissolved organic matter, combined with controlled nitrogen deprivation, enhances iron bioaccumulation and introduces acid μMRR as a useful tool for analyzing nutrient-enriched microalgae for sustainable food and feed applications.
{"title":"More efficient iron enrichment in heterotrophic Auxenochlorella protothecoides by nitrogen source manipulation","authors":"Byron Perez , Yanmeng Yang , Daniel Roxby , Samuel Steffen , Fengzheng Gao , Fabian Abiusi , Ferdinand von Meyenn , Jongyoon Han , Iris Haberkorn , Alexander Mathys","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are increasingly explored as sustainable carriers for micronutrient delivery in food, feed, and agriculture, particularly for iron enrichment. Among them, <em>Auxenochlorella protothecoides</em> is a promising strain owing to its ability to grow heterotrophically to high cell densities using food industry side streams and organic carbon and nitrogen sources. However, under such conditions, direct iron supplementation in the cultivation medium is largely ineffective because ferric ions are poorly soluble at near-neutral pH and readily form complexes with organic matter, limiting cellular uptake. To overcome this limitation, this study investigated how nitrogen source and availability affect iron accumulation under heterotrophic conditions. Four cultivation strategies were compared, revealing that transfer to a nitrogen- and organic-free medium and supplementation of iron with ferric ammonium citrate at 200 μg mL<sup>−1</sup> resulted in efficient iron accumulation with the highest intracellular iron content (3,170 ± 254 mg kg<sub>DW</sub><sup>–1</sup>), representing a 25-fold increase over direct supplementation in a normal medium and exceeding previously reported values for other microalgae by up to one order of magnitude. Intracellular iron was quantified using acid micromagnetic resonance relaxometry (acid μMRR), which showed strong agreement with conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while enabling faster, simpler, and more accessible analysis. Overall, the study shows that eliminating dissolved organic matter, combined with controlled nitrogen deprivation, enhances iron bioaccumulation and introduces acid μMRR as a useful tool for analyzing nutrient-enriched microalgae for sustainable food and feed applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 134139"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134101
Hui Xu , Yingqiu Pu , Li Wang , Rong Huang , Yan Zhou
The valorization of nutrient-rich food-processing wastewater through single-cell protein (SCP) production offers a sustainable route to simultaneously reduce pollution and supplement protein supplies. However, the frequent nitrogen deficiency in such wastewater limits efficient microbial protein synthesis. This study demonstrates the pilot-scale production of SCP from real soybean-soaking water (SSW) using ammonium sulfate recovered from chicken manure as a sustainable nitrogen supplement. Without supplementation, the nitrogen-limited SSW yielded only 0.18 ± 0.03 grams SCP per gram chemical oxygen demand removed (CODR) with a crude protein content of 42.0 ± 1.0%. Adding recovered nitrogen at a carbon‑to‑nitrogen ratio of 33 significantly improved performance, raising SCP yield to 0.34 ± 0.04 g/g CODR and protein content to 47.7 ± 1.0%. However, excessive nitrogen addition led to sulfides accumulation and the precipitation of potentially toxic elements in SCP. This integrated approach effectively couples wastewater treatment with the production of high-value SCP, advancing a circular bioeconomy in the food industry.
{"title":"Effects of recovered exogenous nitrogen addition on pilot-scale single-cell protein production from soybean soaking water","authors":"Hui Xu , Yingqiu Pu , Li Wang , Rong Huang , Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of nutrient-rich food-processing wastewater through single-cell protein (SCP) production offers a sustainable route to simultaneously reduce pollution and supplement protein supplies. However, the frequent nitrogen deficiency in such wastewater limits efficient microbial protein synthesis. This study demonstrates the pilot-scale production of SCP from real soybean-soaking water (SSW) using ammonium sulfate recovered from chicken manure as a sustainable nitrogen supplement. Without supplementation, the nitrogen-limited SSW yielded only 0.18 ± 0.03 grams SCP per gram chemical oxygen demand removed (COD<sub>R</sub>) with a crude protein content of 42.0 ± 1.0%. Adding recovered nitrogen at a carbon‑to‑nitrogen ratio of 33 significantly improved performance, raising SCP yield to 0.34 ± 0.04 g/g COD<sub>R</sub> and protein content to 47.7 ± 1.0%. However, excessive nitrogen addition led to sulfides accumulation and the precipitation of potentially toxic elements in SCP. This integrated approach effectively couples wastewater treatment with the production of high-value SCP, advancing a circular bioeconomy in the food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134101"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accumulation of endogenous ammonia nitrogen in anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely recognized as a critical factor inhibiting methanogenesis. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM), leveraging their selective permeation properties, provide a large gas–liquid mass transfer interface and demonstrate significant potential in preventing ammonia accumulation. In this study, integrating GPM into AD achieved in situ ammonia removal and recovery, fundamentally alleviating ammonia inhibition and enabling ammonia valorization. GPM reactors (with H2SO4 absorption/vacuum distillation) maintained ammonia at 1300–1500 mg/L (vs. >5000 mg/L in controls) and sustained biogas yield 0.67–0.72 L/g VS at 7 g VS/(L·d) OLR (controls inhibited at 5 g VS/(L·d)). Multi-omics revealed microbial mechanisms: community-dominant Methanobacterium contributed little to methanogenesis, while functionally dominant Methanothrix retained robust activity via dual methanogenic pathways and upregulated biosynthesis-related proteins. This study validates GPM-AD efficacy and provides theoretical support for optimization.
内源性氨氮在厌氧消化（AD）中的积累被广泛认为是抑制甲烷生成的关键因素。气透膜（GPM）利用其选择性渗透特性，提供了一个大的气液传质界面，在防止氨积累方面显示出巨大的潜力。在本研究中，将GPM集成到AD中实现了氨的原位去除和回收，从根本上缓解了氨抑制，实现了氨的增值。GPM反应器（含H2SO4吸收/真空蒸馏）将氨维持在1300-1500 mg/L（对照组为5000 mg/L），并在7 g VS/(L·d) OLR下维持0.67-0.72 L/g VS（对照组为5 g VS/(L·d)）。多组学揭示了微生物机制：群落优势的甲烷杆菌对甲烷生成贡献不大，而功能优势的甲烷菌通过双产甲烷途径和上调生物合成相关蛋白保持了强大的活性。本研究验证了GPM-AD的有效性，为优化提供了理论支持。
{"title":"In situ ammonia recovery relieves ammonia stress in anaerobic digestion and multi-omics elucidate community-dominant and functionally dominant genera of methanogens","authors":"Linjun Wu , Huan Li , Yanyue Gu , Yuexi Zhou , Zhiqiang Shen , Jiane Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of endogenous ammonia nitrogen in anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely recognized as a critical factor inhibiting methanogenesis. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM), leveraging their selective permeation properties, provide a large gas–liquid mass transfer interface and demonstrate significant potential in preventing ammonia accumulation. In this study, integrating GPM into AD achieved in situ ammonia removal and recovery, fundamentally alleviating ammonia inhibition and enabling ammonia valorization. GPM reactors (with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> absorption/vacuum distillation) maintained ammonia at 1300–1500 mg/L (vs. >5000 mg/L in controls) and sustained biogas yield 0.67–0.72 L/g VS at 7 g VS/(L·d) OLR (controls inhibited at 5 g VS/(L·d)). Multi-omics revealed microbial mechanisms: community-dominant <em>Methanobacterium</em> contributed little to methanogenesis, while functionally dominant <em>Methanothrix</em> retained robust activity via dual methanogenic pathways and upregulated biosynthesis-related proteins. This study validates GPM-AD efficacy and provides theoretical support for optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134098"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134079
Li Chen , Weiguang Li , Longyi Lv , Yuxin Xie , Yuxin Lu , Xiaofei Wu
Modified biochar (MBC) demonstrates potential in mitigating nitrogenous and sulfurous odor emissions in composting, yet the mechanisms underlying the enhanced synergistic conversion of sulfur and nitrogen remain largely unexplored. This study systematically evaluated the effects of biochar modified with HNO3, NaOH, and ZnCl2 on the emission patterns of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing odors, compost maturity, and bacterial community succession during sewage sludge composting. The findings revealed that all MBC treatments, particularly ZnCl2-MBC, significantly reduced the cumulative emissions of NH3 (by up to 22.4%) and volatile sulfur compounds (by up to 35.0%), while minimizing total nitrogen and sulfur losses. Beyond physical adsorption, ZnCl2-MBC enhanced synergistic co-metabolism by enriching key microorganisms (e.g., Brevibacillus), upregulating functional genes associated with nitrification and sulfur oxidation, and promoting sulfide-based denitrification. This study elucidated the microbial mechanism of sulfur and nitrogen co-conversion mediated by MBC, providing a novel strategy for integrated odor control and nutrient retention in composting.
{"title":"Regulating co-conversion of sulfur and nitrogen: Role of modified biochars in odor reduction and nutrient retention in sewage sludge composting","authors":"Li Chen , Weiguang Li , Longyi Lv , Yuxin Xie , Yuxin Lu , Xiaofei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modified biochar (MBC) demonstrates potential in mitigating nitrogenous and sulfurous odor emissions in composting, yet the mechanisms underlying the enhanced synergistic conversion of sulfur and nitrogen remain largely unexplored. This study systematically evaluated the effects of biochar modified with HNO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH, and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> on the emission patterns of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing odors, compost maturity, and bacterial community succession during sewage sludge composting. The findings revealed that all MBC treatments, particularly ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-MBC, significantly reduced the cumulative emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> (by up to 22.4%) and volatile sulfur compounds (by up to 35.0%), while minimizing total nitrogen and sulfur losses. Beyond physical adsorption, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-MBC enhanced synergistic co-metabolism by enriching key microorganisms (e.g., <em>Brevibacillus</em>), upregulating functional genes associated with nitrification and sulfur oxidation, and promoting sulfide-based denitrification. This study elucidated the microbial mechanism of sulfur and nitrogen co-conversion mediated by MBC, providing a novel strategy for integrated odor control and nutrient retention in composting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134079"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150
Quxiu Dai , Qianrong Zhang , Nanqi Ren , Jiawei Li , Qihong Cen , Wang Du , Longgui Xie , Liping Ma , Ping Ning , Binbin He
Tar formation during sewage sludge gasification severely reduces process efficiency and causes operational and environmental problems. In this work, FeO-rich steel slag was employed as a low-cost oxygen carrier to assist sludge gasification, and the transformation behaviour of major tar compounds was systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the total tar yield decreased by over 70 %, and syngas production reached about 3.5 m3/kg with an H2/CO ratio close to 1:1. Besides, sludge-derived aliphatics and oxygenated organics preferentially evolved into phenolic and N-containing tars, whose polar functional groups and conjugated structures were removed by >80 %, accompanied by fluorescence quenching and blue-shift. Theoretical calculation revealed that FeO promotes adsorption (−1.2 to- 2.4 eV) and CC/CH/CN bond cleavage via lattice-oxygen migration and redox pathways, thereby suppressing heavy tar formation and enhancing gas yield. These findings provide molecular-level guidance for in-situ tar control and syngas upgrading in sludge gasification.
{"title":"In-situ tar reduction and catalytic reforming in sewage sludge gasification using steel slag oxygen carrier","authors":"Quxiu Dai , Qianrong Zhang , Nanqi Ren , Jiawei Li , Qihong Cen , Wang Du , Longgui Xie , Liping Ma , Ping Ning , Binbin He","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tar formation during sewage sludge gasification severely reduces process efficiency and causes operational and environmental problems. In this work, FeO-rich steel slag was employed as a low-cost oxygen carrier to assist sludge gasification, and the transformation behaviour of major tar compounds was systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the total tar yield decreased by over 70 %, and syngas production reached about 3.5 m<sup>3</sup>/kg with an H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio close to 1:1. Besides, sludge-derived aliphatics and oxygenated organics preferentially evolved into phenolic and <em>N</em>-containing tars, whose polar functional groups and conjugated structures were removed by >80 %, accompanied by fluorescence quenching and blue-shift. Theoretical calculation revealed that FeO promotes adsorption (−1.2 to- 2.4 eV) and C<img>C/C<img>H/C<img>N bond cleavage via lattice-oxygen migration and redox pathways, thereby suppressing heavy tar formation and enhancing gas yield. These findings provide molecular-level guidance for in-situ tar control and syngas upgrading in sludge gasification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134150"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134144
Qiang He , Bin Chen , Kai-Kai Deng , Peng Yan , Gui-Jiao Lin , Qiu-Wen Chen , You-Peng Chen , Jin-Song Guo
Algae have attracted extensive attention for their potential in photosynthetic carbon fixation and the synthesis of high-value bioproducts. To reveal the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms by which cell size and phylogeny influence algal physiological functions and resource allocation strategies, three cyanobacteria, three green algae, and two diatoms were selected for this study. Cell size was characterized by the median particle size (D50), and multidimensional functional traits were measured, including growth characteristics, photosynthetic performance, elemental stoichiometry, and key biomacromolecules. The underlying regulatory pathways were further analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that cell size predominantly governs growth strategy differentiation. Small-sized algae (D50 < 10 μm) adopted a proliferation-oriented growth strategy, enabled by high specific surface area (SSA, 0.9 m2·g−1) and cell density (> 7.00 × 10⁶ cells·mL−1). In contrast, large-sized algae (D50 > 10 μm) shifted toward an accumulation-oriented growth strategy, enhancing unicellular biomass and unicellular biomacromolecular concentration. Photosynthetic strategies exhibited clear phylum-specific. PLS-SEM further quantitatively confirmed these drivers. Cell size negatively regulated growth rate, whereas phylogeny was the dominant factor shaping photosynthetic performance. Moreover, a significant negative correlated between growth rate and C/P and N/P ratios was observed in proliferative small-sized algae. This relationship was weakened in accumulative large-sized algae due to stronger phosphorus storage. This study provides a comprehensive framework demonstrating that cell size and phylogeny play dominant roles in shaping the differentiation of algal physiological traits and ecological strategies s, providing theoretical and practical guidance for targeted algal resource utilization.
{"title":"The relative roles of cell size and phylogeny in driving dissimilarity of algal functional trait","authors":"Qiang He , Bin Chen , Kai-Kai Deng , Peng Yan , Gui-Jiao Lin , Qiu-Wen Chen , You-Peng Chen , Jin-Song Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae have attracted extensive attention for their potential in photosynthetic carbon fixation and the synthesis of high-value bioproducts. To reveal the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms by which cell size and phylogeny influence algal physiological functions and resource allocation strategies, three cyanobacteria, three green algae, and two diatoms were selected for this study. Cell size was characterized by the median particle size (D50), and multidimensional functional traits were measured, including growth characteristics, photosynthetic performance, elemental stoichiometry, and key biomacromolecules. The underlying regulatory pathways were further analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that cell size predominantly governs growth strategy differentiation. Small-sized algae (D50 < 10 μm) adopted a proliferation-oriented growth strategy, enabled by high specific surface area (SSA, 0.9 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>) and cell density (> 7.00 × 10⁶ cells·mL<sup>−1</sup>). In contrast, large-sized algae (D50 > 10 μm) shifted toward an accumulation-oriented growth strategy, enhancing unicellular biomass and unicellular biomacromolecular concentration. Photosynthetic strategies exhibited clear phylum-specific. PLS-SEM further quantitatively confirmed these drivers. Cell size negatively regulated growth rate, whereas phylogeny was the dominant factor shaping photosynthetic performance. Moreover, a significant negative correlated between growth rate and C/P and N/P ratios was observed in proliferative small-sized algae. This relationship was weakened in accumulative large-sized algae due to stronger phosphorus storage. This study provides a comprehensive framework demonstrating that cell size and phylogeny play dominant roles in shaping the differentiation of algal physiological traits and ecological strategies s, providing theoretical and practical guidance for targeted algal resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134144"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The stability of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) is frequently compromised by the biotoxicity of recalcitrant organic compounds. The present study employed exogenous signalling molecules (AHLs) and nanoscale Fe3O4 (Fe3O4NP) particles to modulate quorum sensing (QS) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). The findings of the study demonstrated that this combined strategy enhanced COD removal by 22.4% and increased methane yield by 54.4%. The results of this study demonstrate that AHLs and Fe3O4NPs induce granular structural remodelling, promote secretion of hydrophobic extracellular polymers, and enrich methanogenic and mutualistic microbial communities. QS and DIET synergistically upregulated genes such as pilA/B and fpo, enhancing c-Cyts and conductive pili assembly to establish efficient electron transfer pathways. Concurrently, they stimulated the synthesis of hydrophobic amino acids, thereby strengthening the stability of biofilms. This study constitutes the inaugural demonstration of synergistic QS and DIET regulation, thereby establishing a theoretical framework for enhancing AnGS performance in the treatment of refractory organic wastewater.
{"title":"Synergistic interplay between quorum sensing and direct interspecies electron transfer enhances anaerobic granular sludge resilience under toxic stress","authors":"Longyi Lv , Peng Hao , Shiyang Zhang , Jiarui Chen , Wenfang Gao , Mingyue Geng , Dapeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) is frequently compromised by the biotoxicity of recalcitrant organic compounds. The present study employed exogenous signalling molecules (AHLs) and nanoscale Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NP) particles to modulate quorum sensing (QS) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). The findings of the study demonstrated that this combined strategy enhanced COD removal by 22.4% and increased methane yield by 54.4%. The results of this study demonstrate that AHLs and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>NPs induce granular structural remodelling, promote secretion of hydrophobic extracellular polymers, and enrich methanogenic and mutualistic microbial communities. QS and DIET synergistically upregulated genes such as <em>pilA/B</em> and <em>fpo</em>, enhancing c-Cyts and conductive pili assembly to establish efficient electron transfer pathways. Concurrently, they stimulated the synthesis of hydrophobic amino acids, thereby strengthening the stability of biofilms. This study constitutes the inaugural demonstration of synergistic QS and DIET regulation, thereby establishing a theoretical framework for enhancing AnGS performance in the treatment of refractory organic wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134085"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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