Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133946
Chenyu Piao , Enhao Zhu , Keqian Zhao , Xilai Yan , Ke Wang
High ammonia and high organic loading seriously disrupt the stability of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system. The efficacy of ammonia-tolerant consortia in mitigating inhibition and enhancing process stability was investigated during the mesophilic AD of food waste under gradient total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (3500–6500 mg L−1) and a stepwise-increased organic loading rate (OLR, 2.0–6.0 gVS L−1 d−1). Bioaugmentation increased methane yield by 236 %, reduced total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) by > 50 %, and kept propionate below inhibitory levels under combined stress (6500 mg-TAN L−1, 6 gVS L−1 d−1). Microbial analysis revealed the enrichment of ammonia-tolerant Bacillota and the metabolically facultative methanogen Methanosarcina. Bioaugmentation significantly strengthened methylotrophic methanogenesis and reinforced syntrophic partnerships between volatile fatty acids (VFA)-oxidizing bacteria (Clostridium, Syntrophaceticus, Smithella) and hydrogen-consuming methanogens, effectively alleviating propionate accumulation. These findings elucidate how bioaugmentation restructures metabolic networks to mitigate ammonia-acid co-inhibition, enabling stable AD under high-stress conditions.
{"title":"Bioaugmentation mitigates ammonia-acid co-inhibition under high ammonia and high organic loading in mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste","authors":"Chenyu Piao , Enhao Zhu , Keqian Zhao , Xilai Yan , Ke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High ammonia and high organic loading seriously disrupt the stability of the anaerobic digestion (AD) system. The efficacy of ammonia-tolerant consortia in mitigating inhibition and enhancing process stability was investigated during the mesophilic AD of food waste under gradient total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (3500–6500 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and a stepwise-increased organic loading rate (OLR, 2.0–6.0 gVS L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). Bioaugmentation increased methane yield by 236 %, reduced total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) by > 50 %, and kept propionate below inhibitory levels under combined stress (6500 mg-TAN L<sup>−1</sup>, 6 gVS L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). Microbial analysis revealed the enrichment of ammonia-tolerant Bacillota and the metabolically facultative methanogen <em>Methanosarcina</em>. Bioaugmentation significantly strengthened methylotrophic methanogenesis and reinforced syntrophic partnerships between volatile fatty acids (VFA)-oxidizing bacteria (<em>Clostridium</em>, <em>Syntrophaceticus</em>, <em>Smithella</em>) and hydrogen-consuming methanogens, effectively alleviating propionate accumulation. These findings elucidate how bioaugmentation restructures metabolic networks to mitigate ammonia-acid co-inhibition, enabling stable AD under high-stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133946"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133936
Bin Song , Yunqiang Tang , Jiaying Xu , Aamer Ali Shah , Zhanyong Wang
Plastic residues from agricultural mulches, particularly low-density polyethylene (LDPE), cause severe soil pollution. In this study, an actinomycete strain, Nocardia asteroides PE3.3, isolated from agricultural soil, degraded LDPE films and powders with a weight loss of 1.5 ± 0.1 % and 11.0 ± 0.4 % after 30 d, respectively. Degradation was accompanied by increased surface roughness, carbonyl formation, and oxidation of the polymer chains. The products were identified as long-chain alkanes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Proteomic analysis revealed that extracellular peroxidases catalyze the oxidative cleavage of LDPE, while intracellular monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase further metabolize the degradation intermediates via β-oxidation. It has been further confirmed that LDPE can be oxidized degraded by two peroxidases secreted by PE3.3. This study provides first proteomic-level elucidation of LDPE biodegradation in N. asteroides, establishing a verified enzymatic pathway that supports its application in microbial plastic remediation.
农业地膜的塑料残留物，特别是低密度聚乙烯（LDPE），造成了严重的土壤污染。在本研究中，从农业土壤中分离的放线菌Nocardia asteroides PE3.3对LDPE薄膜和粉末进行降解，降解后30 d的失重率分别为1.5±0.1%和11.0±0.4%。降解伴随着表面粗糙度增加、羰基形成和聚合物链氧化。产物经鉴定为长链烷烃、醇类、酮类和羧酸。蛋白质组学分析表明，胞外过氧化物酶催化LDPE的氧化裂解，而胞内单氧酶、醇脱氢酶和醛脱氢酶通过β-氧化进一步代谢降解中间体。进一步证实了LDPE可以被PE3.3分泌的两种过氧化物酶氧化降解。本研究首次在蛋白质组学水平上阐明了N. asteroides中LDPE的生物降解，建立了一个经过验证的酶促途径，支持其在微生物塑料修复中的应用。
{"title":"Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by actinomycete Nocardia asteroides isolated from agricultural soils","authors":"Bin Song , Yunqiang Tang , Jiaying Xu , Aamer Ali Shah , Zhanyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic residues from agricultural mulches, particularly low-density polyethylene (LDPE), cause severe soil pollution. In this study, an actinomycete strain, <em>Nocardia asteroides</em> PE3.3, isolated from agricultural soil, degraded LDPE films and powders with a weight loss of 1.5 ± 0.1 % and 11.0 ± 0.4 % after 30 d, respectively. Degradation was accompanied by increased surface roughness, carbonyl formation, and oxidation of the polymer chains. The products were identified as long-chain alkanes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Proteomic analysis revealed that extracellular peroxidases catalyze the oxidative cleavage of LDPE, while intracellular monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase further metabolize the degradation intermediates via β-oxidation. It has been further confirmed that LDPE can be oxidized degraded by two peroxidases secreted by PE3.3. This study provides first proteomic-level elucidation of LDPE biodegradation in <em>N. asteroides</em>, establishing a verified enzymatic pathway that supports its application in microbial plastic remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133936"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133934
Xiaoyu Li , Simiao Huang , Ruijie Wu , Changhang Zhang , Chao Lyu , Hao Yao , Hailan Lian , Henrikki Liimatainen
Lignin valorization often faces barriers owing to its intrinsic structural heterogeneity, poor aqueous processability, and limited chemical reactivity. To address these obstacles, the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to rationally design amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADES) that enable one-pot lignin dissolution, chemical modification, and fractionation. High–throughput screening identified five AADES, and a streamlined process (solid/liquid ratio of 1:8; 100–130 °C; 2–4 h) with staged antisolvent precipitation yielded primary (LA) and secondary (LB) lignin fractions. A lysine-formic acid DES at 120 °C for 4 h yielded > 60 % recovery of the LB fraction, with the highest nitrogen (N) incorporation (2.66 wt% in bulk and 2.30 wt% at the surface) while largely preserving the aromatic lignin backbone. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed carbon–N bond formation via nucleophilic attack at the benzylic (Cα) position of lignin. The weight-average molecular weight of lignin decreased from 3773 to 2839 g mol−1, with dispersity narrowing from 1.76 to 1.32, accompanied by increased phenolic hydroxyl groups and enhanced thermal stability (Tmax = 355–360 °C). Overall, the nucleophilic nature of AADES suppresses lignin condensation while enabling selective N-functionalization, providing a solvent-selection strategy for scalable lignin valorization.
由于木质素固有的结构非均质性、水处理性差和化学反应性有限，木质素的增值经常面临障碍。为了解决这些问题，本研究利用真实溶剂类导体筛选模型（cosmos - rs）来合理设计氨基酸基深度共晶溶剂（AADES），实现木质素的一锅溶解、化学改性和分馏。高通量筛选鉴定出5种AADES，采用流线型工艺（料液比1:8,100-130°C, 2-4 h），分阶段抗溶剂沉淀法得到一级（LA）和二级（LB）木质素馏分。赖氨酸甲酸DES在120°C下处理4小时，LB馏分回收率为60%，其中氮(N)含量最高（体积为2.66 wt%，表面为2.30 wt%），同时大部分保留了芳香族木质素主链。光谱分析证实木质素的苯基（Cα）位置通过亲核攻击形成碳- n键。木质素的质量-平均分子量从3773 g mol−1下降到2839 g mol−1，分散度从1.76缩小到1.32，同时酚羟基增加，热稳定性增强（Tmax = 355 ~ 360℃）。总的来说，AADES的亲核性质抑制了木质素的缩合，同时实现了选择性n功能化，为可扩展的木质素增值提供了一种溶剂选择策略。
{"title":"Computationally guided amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents for one-pot nitrogen functionalization of lignin","authors":"Xiaoyu Li , Simiao Huang , Ruijie Wu , Changhang Zhang , Chao Lyu , Hao Yao , Hailan Lian , Henrikki Liimatainen","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin valorization often faces barriers owing to its intrinsic structural heterogeneity, poor aqueous processability, and limited chemical reactivity. To address these obstacles, the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to rationally design amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADES) that enable one-pot lignin dissolution, chemical modification, and fractionation. High–throughput screening identified five AADES, and a streamlined process (solid/liquid ratio of 1:8; 100–130 °C; 2–4 h) with staged antisolvent precipitation yielded primary (LA) and secondary (LB) lignin fractions. A lysine-formic acid DES at 120 °C for 4 h yielded > 60 % recovery of the LB fraction, with the highest nitrogen (N) incorporation (2.66 wt% in bulk and 2.30 wt% at the surface) while largely preserving the aromatic lignin backbone. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed carbon–N bond formation via nucleophilic attack at the benzylic (Cα) position of lignin. The weight-average molecular weight of lignin decreased from 3773 to 2839 g mol<sup>−1</sup>, with dispersity narrowing from 1.76 to 1.32, accompanied by increased phenolic hydroxyl groups and enhanced thermal stability (T<sub>max</sub> = 355–360 °C). Overall, the nucleophilic nature of AADES suppresses lignin condensation while enabling selective <em>N</em>-functionalization, providing a solvent-selection strategy for scalable lignin valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133934"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133929
Liuyan Zhou , Yuqing Xie , Zhihui Wang , Bin Yang , Zhaoxiao Yu , Pengbing Li , Renna Sa , Zhifang Wang , Nannan Wang , Xinping Yang
This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with agent on the conversion of plant and microbial necromass and humus formation during compost. Results showed that inoculation reduced the contribution of vanillyl-and syringyl-type phenols to total organic carbon (C) but increased the contribution of cinnamyl-type phenol. Furthermore, inoculation significantly increased the ratio of bacterial to fungal necromass C (8.7 %) and promoted the accumulation of humic substance C (23.6 %) by regulating the precursors production, such as polysaccharides. The transformation of plant and microbial necromass was closely related to microbial metabolism mediated by environmental factors. Inoculation enriched functional microbes (Paenibacillus, Sphingomonas, and Penicillium). Mechanism analysis showed that inoculation strengthened the humus formation through influencing composting factors, microbial communities, and precursor substances, among which the microbial necromass C, C/N, and C-acquiring enzymes were identified as the key driving factors. These findings emphasise the often-overlooked role of microbial necromass C in stabilizing C during compost.
{"title":"Regulating humus formation via improved conversion of microbial necromass and plant lignin during vegetable straw composting with inoculation","authors":"Liuyan Zhou , Yuqing Xie , Zhihui Wang , Bin Yang , Zhaoxiao Yu , Pengbing Li , Renna Sa , Zhifang Wang , Nannan Wang , Xinping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with agent on the conversion of plant and microbial necromass and humus formation during compost. Results showed that inoculation reduced the contribution of vanillyl-and syringyl-type phenols to total organic carbon (C) but increased the contribution of cinnamyl-type phenol. Furthermore, inoculation significantly increased the ratio of bacterial to fungal necromass C (8.7 %) and promoted the accumulation of humic substance C (23.6 %) by regulating the precursors production, such as polysaccharides. The transformation of plant and microbial necromass was closely related to microbial metabolism mediated by environmental factors. Inoculation enriched functional microbes (<em>Paenibacillus</em>, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, and <em>Penicillium</em>). Mechanism analysis showed that inoculation strengthened the humus formation through influencing composting factors, microbial communities, and precursor substances, among which the microbial necromass C, C/N, and C-acquiring enzymes were identified as the key driving factors. These findings emphasise the often-overlooked role of microbial necromass C in stabilizing C during compost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133929"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133896
Panpan Liu , Xinwu Liu , Xiaonan Wang , Dandan Liu , Shen Zhang , Changsen Zhang , Ruiqin Zhang
The insufficient microbial degradation capacity of dissolved chlorobenzene in the reflux liquid restricts the further performance improvement of the biotrickling filter (BTF) for purifying organic exhaust. Here, electrical stimulation is used to stimulate the removal of dissolved chlorobenzene in reflux liquid in the combined system of microbial electrochemical system and BTF (MES-BTF), aiming to improve the degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene. The concentration of dissolved chlorobenzene in the reflux liquid decreases from 0.27 mg/L to 0.21 mg/L for 200 ppm chlorobenzene with the applied 1.6 V voltage. The integrated system achieves a maximum chlorobenzene removal efficiency (RE) of 68.71 % and a mineralization rate of 19.64 g/m3/h, representing an improvement of approximately 11.7 % over the control. Electrical stimulation provides an additional bioelectrochemical degradation pathway of chlorobenzene with the 3-chlorocatechol, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate, and chlorohydroxybenzene as the intermediates. Bioanalysis in spatial distribution reveals the polysaccharides and Pseudomonadota spp. are crucial for the removal of chlorobenzene in the combined system. This study demonstrates an effective strategy to enhance the degradation of dissolved chlorobenzene and provides new insights for optimizing biotechnology for exhaust purification.
{"title":"Alleviating the release of dissolved chlorobenzene by microbial electrochemical system to improve the performance of biotrickling filter","authors":"Panpan Liu , Xinwu Liu , Xiaonan Wang , Dandan Liu , Shen Zhang , Changsen Zhang , Ruiqin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insufficient microbial degradation capacity of dissolved chlorobenzene in the reflux liquid restricts the further performance improvement of the biotrickling filter (BTF) for purifying organic exhaust. Here, electrical stimulation is used to stimulate the removal of dissolved chlorobenzene in reflux liquid in the combined system of microbial electrochemical system and BTF (MES-BTF), aiming to improve the degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene. The concentration of dissolved chlorobenzene in the reflux liquid decreases from 0.27 mg/L to 0.21 mg/L for 200 ppm chlorobenzene with the applied 1.6 V voltage. The integrated system achieves a maximum chlorobenzene removal efficiency (RE) of 68.71 % and a mineralization rate of 19.64 g/m<sup>3</sup>/h, representing an improvement of approximately 11.7 % over the control. Electrical stimulation provides an additional bioelectrochemical degradation pathway of chlorobenzene with the 3-chlorocatechol, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate, and chlorohydroxybenzene as the intermediates. Bioanalysis in spatial distribution reveals the polysaccharides and <em>Pseudomonadota</em> spp. are crucial for the removal of chlorobenzene in the combined system. This study demonstrates an effective strategy to enhance the degradation of dissolved chlorobenzene and provides new insights for optimizing biotechnology for exhaust purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133896"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133920
Andrés Felipe Torres-Franco, Raquel Herrero-Lobo, Raquel Lebrero, Raúl Muñoz
Ectoine is one of the most profitable value chains for biogas valorisation. This study assessed the long-term effects of biomilking for ectoine (Ect) and hydroxyectoine (Hy) extraction on upstream methane bioconversion into ectoines using a halotolerant methanotrophic consortium cultivated in a Taylor-Flow bioreactor. After a control stage (S-I), fractions of the culture broth volume of 10 %, 50 %, 30 % and 60 % (S-II to S-VI) were subjected to biomilking before a final control (S-VII). No adverse effects were observed at 10 %, while higher fractions led to salt depletion, a ∼10 % reduction in CH4 bioconversion efficiency, and a loss of dominant ectoine producers, mainly Methylomicrobium. A decrease in intracellular Ect was also observed. Restoring salt levels (S-VI) recovered Methylomicrobium dominance and Ect content in the culture broth. Enhanced biomilking yielded up to 27.2 g-Ect + Hy per inlet kg of CH4, supporting its feasibility for sustainable biogas valorisation at a commercial scale.
{"title":"Influence of biomilking on methanotrophs cultivation during biogas conversion into ectoines","authors":"Andrés Felipe Torres-Franco, Raquel Herrero-Lobo, Raquel Lebrero, Raúl Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ectoine is one of the most profitable value chains for biogas valorisation. This study assessed the long-term effects of biomilking for ectoine (<em>Ect</em>) and hydroxyectoine (<em>Hy</em>) extraction on upstream methane bioconversion into ectoines using a halotolerant methanotrophic consortium cultivated in a Taylor-Flow bioreactor. After a control stage (S-I), fractions of the culture broth volume of 10 %, 50 %, 30 % and 60 % (S-II to S-VI) were subjected to biomilking before a final control (S-VII). No adverse effects were observed at 10 %, while higher fractions led to salt depletion, a ∼10 % reduction in CH<sub>4</sub> bioconversion efficiency, and a loss of dominant ectoine producers, mainly <em>Methylomicrobium.</em> A decrease in intracellular <em>Ect</em> was also observed. Restoring salt levels (S-VI) recovered <em>Methylomicrobium</em> dominance and <em>Ect</em> content in the culture broth. Enhanced biomilking yielded up to 27.2 g-<em>Ect</em> + <em>Hy</em> per inlet kg of CH<sub>4</sub>, supporting its feasibility for sustainable biogas valorisation at a commercial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133920"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133926
Li Zhang , Dandan Huang , Zehui Zhang , Xiaolu Liu , Xuan Lin , Bai Gao , Yuanyuan Liu , Wenjie Ma , Haiyang Zhang
This study investigated the impact of PFAS on nitrogen removal efficiency and the dynamics of microbial communities during wastewater treatment using a sequencing batch biofilm reactor. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were employed as representative PFAS, with concentrations varying from 0 to 10 and 100 μg/L at three distinct stages. The results showed that, under 100 μg/LPFAS exposure, the removal efficiencies of ammonium nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate nitrogen decreased by 28 %, 10 %, and 1 %, respectively. PICRUSt2-predicted gene abundances suggested that PFAS introduction promoted nitrification while inhibiting ammonia assimilation, with denitrification levels remaining relatively stable. The stress-induced secretion of extracellular polymeric substances highlighted the potential of microbial communities to tolerate PFAS toxicity. Biotransformation accounted for 13.8 % removal of PFHxA and 14.9 % removal of GenX. This work lays a foundation and offers new perspectives for addressing emerging pollutants in nitrogenous wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Dissection of denitrification pathways and synergistic degradation mechanisms of functional microbial communities under per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure","authors":"Li Zhang , Dandan Huang , Zehui Zhang , Xiaolu Liu , Xuan Lin , Bai Gao , Yuanyuan Liu , Wenjie Ma , Haiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of PFAS on nitrogen removal efficiency and the dynamics of microbial communities during wastewater treatment using a sequencing batch biofilm reactor. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were employed as representative PFAS, with concentrations varying from 0 to 10 and 100 μg/L at three distinct stages. The results showed that, under 100 μg/LPFAS exposure, the removal efficiencies of ammonium nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate nitrogen decreased by 28 %, 10 %, and 1 %, respectively. PICRUSt2-predicted gene abundances suggested that PFAS introduction promoted nitrification while inhibiting ammonia assimilation, with denitrification levels remaining relatively stable. The stress-induced secretion of extracellular polymeric substances highlighted the potential of microbial communities to tolerate PFAS toxicity. Biotransformation accounted for 13.8 % removal of PFHxA and 14.9 % removal of GenX. This work lays a foundation and offers new perspectives for addressing emerging pollutants in nitrogenous wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133926"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133927
Jiachao Yao , Yuxin Zhou , Dizhi Wu , Chaojie Yang , Dzmitry Hrynsphan , Tatsiana Savitskaya , Jun Chen
The mechanism of enhancing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) biodegradation by revealing the role of carboxyl groups (–COOH) on biochar filler was studied in this work. Biochar fillers with –COOH contents of 7.5 %, 0.9 %, and 13.3 % were prepared, and named BF, Br-BF, and H2O2-BF, respectively. The DMAC adsorption characteristics of the three fillers were performed via adsorption capacity, kinetics and stability. The results indicated that the –COOH content was positively correlated with the adsorption performance, and an adsorption capacity of 1.3 g/g was obtained by H2O2-BF which was 1.3 and 1.5 times higher than that of BF and Br-BF, respectively. The microbial growth and immobilization experiments were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility and adhesion of fillers, suggesting that –COOH was conducive to the formation of biofilms. Subsequently, the removal efficiency, product distribution, carbon and nitrogen balances were compared among the three fillers, presenting that both microbial assimilation and dissimilation could be strengthened with the increase of the –COOH contents. Optimal biodegradation performance was achieved by H2O2-BF, and the corresponding DMAC and total nitrogen removal reached to 94.7 % and 87.8 % respectively. Additionally, the mechanism of DMAC biodegradation was investigated by exploring the variations of extracellular polymeric substance, electron transport system activity, electrochemical behavior, NADH, and enzyme activity. The results suggested that the presence of –COOH could enhance the mass transfer process of DMAC from liquid phase to filler surface, and accelerate the electron transfer process during DMAC conversion. The findings provide a framework for enhancing biodegradation performance by regulation of –COOH on filler.
{"title":"Revealing the mechanism of carboxyl groups on biochar filler for enhancing biodegradation of N,N-dimethylacetamide","authors":"Jiachao Yao , Yuxin Zhou , Dizhi Wu , Chaojie Yang , Dzmitry Hrynsphan , Tatsiana Savitskaya , Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanism of enhancing <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) biodegradation by revealing the role of carboxyl groups (–COOH) on biochar filler was studied in this work. Biochar fillers with –COOH contents of 7.5 %, 0.9 %, and 13.3 % were prepared, and named BF, Br-BF, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-BF, respectively. The DMAC adsorption characteristics of the three fillers were performed via adsorption capacity, kinetics and stability. The results indicated that the –COOH content was positively correlated with the adsorption performance, and an adsorption capacity of 1.3 g/g was obtained by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-BF which was 1.3 and 1.5 times higher than that of BF and Br-BF, respectively. The microbial growth and immobilization experiments were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility and adhesion of fillers, suggesting that –COOH was conducive to the formation of biofilms. Subsequently, the removal efficiency, product distribution, carbon and nitrogen balances were compared among the three fillers, presenting that both microbial assimilation and dissimilation could be strengthened with the increase of the –COOH contents. Optimal biodegradation performance was achieved by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-BF, and the corresponding DMAC and total nitrogen removal reached to 94.7 % and 87.8 % respectively. Additionally, the mechanism of DMAC biodegradation was investigated by exploring the variations of extracellular polymeric substance, electron transport system activity, electrochemical behavior, NADH, and enzyme activity. The results suggested that the presence of –COOH could enhance the mass transfer process of DMAC from liquid phase to filler surface, and accelerate the electron transfer process during DMAC conversion. The findings provide a framework for enhancing biodegradation performance by regulation of –COOH on filler.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133927"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133922
Yan Xia , Shengwen Huang , Wentao Li , Ren-Cun Jin
Nitroaromatic compounds, widely used in the pharmaceutical, dye, and pesticide industries, often coexist with high-strength ammonium in industrial effluents, posing a dual stress on biological nitrogen removal systems. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology due to its high efficiency, low energy consumption, and minimal sludge yield. However, the acute response mechanism of anammox granular sludge (AnGS) to nitroaromatic compounds remains poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the acute effects of nitrobenzene (NB) and its reduction product aniline (AN) on AnGS by integrating nitrogen removal performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) characterization, microbial community evolution, and functional gene prediction. Results demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of anammox activity, with specific anammox activity (SAA) decreasing by 57.91 ± 2.44 % and 25.06 ± 1.38 % at 10 mg L−1 of NB and AN, respectively, and nearly complete suppression at 50 mg L−1. NB exhibited stronger toxicity than AN, consistent with greater shifts in EPS composition, surface hydrophilicity, and microbial community structure. Molecular docking revealed that NB exhibited a stronger disruptive potential due to its superior affinity and specific interactions with active-site residues. High-throughput sequencing revealed severe inhibition of anammox bacteria like Candidatus_Brocadia, while fermentative genera like Acetoanaerobium were significantly enriched, indicating a functional trade-off under stress. Functional gene analysis further confirmed the downregulation of key anammox genes (hzs, hdh). These findings highlight the compound-specific toxicity mechanisms and the resilience of microbial communities through metabolic plasticity, providing new insights into the ecological risks of nitroaromatics in anammox systems.
{"title":"Molecular interference and ecological restructuring: The acute strikes of nitroaromatics on anammox granular sludge","authors":"Yan Xia , Shengwen Huang , Wentao Li , Ren-Cun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitroaromatic compounds, widely used in the pharmaceutical, dye, and pesticide industries, often coexist with high-strength ammonium in industrial effluents, posing a dual stress on biological nitrogen removal systems. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology due to its high efficiency, low energy consumption, and minimal sludge yield. However, the acute response mechanism of anammox granular sludge (AnGS) to nitroaromatic compounds remains poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the acute effects of nitrobenzene (NB) and its reduction product aniline (AN) on AnGS by integrating nitrogen removal performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) characterization, microbial community evolution, and functional gene prediction. Results demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of anammox activity, with specific anammox activity (SAA) decreasing by 57.91 ± 2.44 % and 25.06 ± 1.38 % at 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of NB and AN, respectively, and nearly complete suppression at 50 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. NB exhibited stronger toxicity than AN, consistent with greater shifts in EPS composition, surface hydrophilicity, and microbial community structure. Molecular docking revealed that NB exhibited a stronger disruptive potential due to its superior affinity and specific interactions with active-site residues. High-throughput sequencing revealed severe inhibition of anammox bacteria like <em>Candidatus_Brocadia</em>, while fermentative genera like <em>Acetoanaerobium</em> were significantly enriched, indicating a functional trade-off under stress. Functional gene analysis further confirmed the downregulation of key anammox genes (<em>hzs</em>, <em>hdh</em>). These findings highlight the compound-specific toxicity mechanisms and the resilience of microbial communities through metabolic plasticity, providing new insights into the ecological risks of nitroaromatics in anammox systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133922"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a biobased dispersion coating formulated from natural wax and lignin nanoparticles providing hydrophobicity, stain resistance, and antimicrobial functionality for natural fiber textiles. Its durability is demonstrated and has potential for applications like workwear and sportswear to safeguard against fluids, stains, and microbes. A techno-economic assessment for commercial-scale production confirmed the coating’s feasibility and scalability, with a minimum selling price of 379 USD/t for an integrated pulp mill and 389 USD/t for a standalone plant. Despite requiring a higher application volume (3.3 L/m2) than commercial products, the coating remains cost-competitive, with carnauba wax identified as the main cost driver (81 % of variable costs). One-time recycling of coated cotton textiles via the Ioncell® showed properties consistent with the original material, validating the coating’s recyclability potential. Overall, this coating enhances natural fibers performance, is economically competitive, reduces reliance on synthetic materials, and supports the development of high-performance, environmentally friendly textiles.
{"title":"Bio-based dispersion coating designed for enhanced functionality, recyclability and economic feasibility","authors":"Erandy Correa Guillen , Sahar Babaeipour , Paula Nousiainen , Susanna Forssell , Nina Forsman , Inge Schlapp-Hackl , Muhammad Awais , Monika Österberg , Luana Dessbesell","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a biobased dispersion coating formulated from natural wax and lignin nanoparticles providing hydrophobicity, stain resistance, and antimicrobial functionality for natural fiber textiles. Its durability is demonstrated and has potential for applications like workwear and sportswear to safeguard against fluids, stains, and microbes. A techno-economic assessment for commercial-scale production confirmed the coating’s feasibility and scalability, with a minimum selling price of 379 USD/t for an integrated pulp mill and 389 USD/t for a standalone plant. Despite requiring a higher application volume (3.3 L/m<sup>2</sup>) than commercial products, the coating remains cost-competitive, with carnauba wax identified as the main cost driver (81 % of variable costs). One-time recycling of coated cotton textiles via the Ioncell® showed properties consistent with the original material, validating the coating’s recyclability potential. Overall, this coating enhances natural fibers performance, is economically competitive, reduces reliance on synthetic materials, and supports the development of high-performance, environmentally friendly textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133924"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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