Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133992
Chaoxun Jiang , Haiyang Zhang , Wenhao Wu
The efficient and sustainable conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into carbon materials remains a significant challenge due to weak interfacial interactions and poor pore structure control. Herein, a supramolecular deconstruction-reconstruction strategy coupled with defect engineering is reported for the upcycling of waste medium-density fiberboard into nitrogen-doped biochar for supercapacitor electrodes, thereby mitigating landfill waste and reducing environmental impact. Acidic lithium bromide selectively disrupts cellulose fibers, followed by ethanol-induced regeneration into a sub-nanoporous template. This template binds lignin via π-π stacking, constructing a mesoporous network with large specific surface area. Melamine-urea–formaldehyde resin acts as an in-situ nitrogen source, achieving uniform doping to enhance capacitive storage. The biochar achieves a specific capacitance of 333.8F/g in 6 M KOH, while the symmetric supercapacitor exhibits 17.7 Wh/kg energy density and 95.3 % capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles. This work integrates component synergy, hierarchical structure and surface chemistry, providing a scalable pathway for biomass-derived energy storage materials.
由于界面相互作用弱和孔隙结构控制差，木质纤维素生物质有效和可持续地转化为碳材料仍然是一个重大挑战。本文报道了一种超分子解构-重构策略，结合缺陷工程，将废弃中密度纤维板升级为氮掺杂生物炭，用于超级电容器电极，从而减少垃圾填埋，减少对环境的影响。酸性溴化锂选择性地破坏纤维素纤维，随后乙醇诱导再生成亚纳米孔模板。该模板通过π-π堆叠结合木质素，构建具有大比表面积的介孔网络。三聚氰胺脲醛树脂作为原位氮源，实现均匀掺杂，增强电容存储。在6 M KOH条件下，生物炭的比电容达到333.8F/g，而对称超级电容器的能量密度为17.7 Wh/kg， 10000次循环后的电容保持率为95.3 %。这项工作集成了组件协同，分层结构和表面化学，为生物质衍生的储能材料提供了可扩展的途径。
{"title":"Lignin based regenerated cellulose guided supramolecular reassembly from waste MDF into nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbons for sustainable energy storage","authors":"Chaoxun Jiang , Haiyang Zhang , Wenhao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient and sustainable conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into carbon materials remains a significant challenge due to weak interfacial interactions and poor pore structure control. Herein, a supramolecular deconstruction-reconstruction strategy coupled with defect engineering is reported for the upcycling of waste medium-density fiberboard into nitrogen-doped biochar for supercapacitor electrodes, thereby mitigating landfill waste and reducing environmental impact. Acidic lithium bromide selectively disrupts cellulose fibers, followed by ethanol-induced regeneration into a sub-nanoporous template. This template binds lignin via π-π stacking, constructing a mesoporous network with large specific surface area. Melamine-urea–formaldehyde resin acts as an in-situ nitrogen source, achieving uniform doping to enhance capacitive storage. The biochar achieves a specific capacitance of 333.8F/g in 6 M KOH, while the symmetric supercapacitor exhibits 17.7 Wh/kg energy density and 95.3 % capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles. This work integrates component synergy, hierarchical structure and surface chemistry, providing a scalable pathway for biomass-derived energy storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133992"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133993
Zhifei Yu , Lu Li , Aonan Wei , Yonghao Zhao
In carbon manufacturing emerging field, the escalating consumption of fossil fuels and the growing menace of the greenhouse effect have sparked significant interest in the efficient production of high-value carbon, such as graphene (Gr), using renewable biomass resources. This study presents a novel bio-inspired approach to synthesize bio-based graphene (BG) through pyrolysis, using microalgae as a biomass feedstock along with a catalyst. Three microalgae species were selected as raw materials for this process. Through parametric optimizations of the pyrolysis process, Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) is identified as the optimal biomass feedstock and determines that 600℃ yields biochar with the highest specific surface area (181 m2 g−1). Among the tested catalysts, only CaCl2·2H2O facilitates the formation of few-layer BG under 600℃. Increasing the catalyst-to-raw material mass ratio to 3:1 enables the successful synthesis of high-performance, multi-layered, or even local single-layer BG. The pyrolysis kinetic mechanism is analyzed by an Arrhenius model. Additionally, the texture profile analysis is employed to characterize the compressive strength of various carbon. Compared to commercial Gr, BG exhibit superior mechanical properties on machine direction (65.6 % strengthened in longitudinal direction) and enhanced anti-corrosion properties. This research demonstrates the feasibility of synthesizing BG via catalytic pyrolysis utilizing A. platensis as a biomass feedstock and validates their potential applications of mechanical input or ocean equipment surface through texture profile analysis (TPA) of mechanical, as well as, anti-corrosion properties.
{"title":"Development and property characterization of sustainable microalgal graphene-like carbon","authors":"Zhifei Yu , Lu Li , Aonan Wei , Yonghao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In carbon manufacturing emerging field, the escalating consumption of fossil fuels and the growing menace of the greenhouse effect have sparked significant interest in the efficient production of high-value carbon, such as graphene (Gr), using renewable biomass resources. This study presents a novel bio-inspired approach to synthesize bio-based graphene (BG) through pyrolysis, using microalgae as a biomass feedstock along with a catalyst. Three microalgae species were selected as raw materials for this process. Through parametric optimizations of the pyrolysis process, <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> (<em>A. platensis</em>) is identified as the optimal biomass feedstock and determines that 600℃ yields biochar with the highest specific surface area (181 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). Among the tested catalysts, only CaCl<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O facilitates the formation of few-layer BG under 600℃. Increasing the catalyst-to-raw material mass ratio to 3:1 enables the successful synthesis of high-performance, multi-layered, or even local single-layer BG. The pyrolysis kinetic mechanism is analyzed by an Arrhenius model. Additionally, the texture profile analysis is employed to characterize the compressive strength of various carbon. Compared to commercial Gr, BG exhibit superior mechanical properties on machine direction (65.6 % strengthened in longitudinal direction) and enhanced anti-corrosion properties. This research demonstrates the feasibility of synthesizing BG via catalytic pyrolysis utilizing <em>A. platensis</em> as a biomass feedstock and validates their potential applications of mechanical input or ocean equipment surface through texture profile analysis (TPA) of mechanical, as well as, anti-corrosion properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133993"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133989
Jiaxin Gao, Hongji Wang, Tianliang Xiao, Wenwei Lei
The development of sustainable and efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) systems is crucial for addressing global freshwater scarcity. Biomass-derived evaporators have garnered significant attention due to their abundant source availability, low cost, and eco-friendly sustainability. This study presents an innovative, self-regenerating 3D solar evaporator derived entirely from waste eggshells via a facile acid treatment and carbonization process. The inherent hierarchical porous structure of the eggshell enables rapid water transport, and the carbonized eggshell membrane serves as an excellent broadband (250-2500 nm) photothermal layer. Simultaneously, the natural ellipsoidal cavity structure of the eggshell provides self-buoyancy without external supports and acts as a light-trapping chamber to enhance solar absorption through multiple internal reflections. Benefiting from the porous structure and the ellipsoidal cavity structure, the optimized eggshell-derived evaporator achieves an exceptional evaporation rate of 3.09 kg m-2 h-1 under one-sun illumination with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.9%. Furthermore, outdoor testing under natural sunlight yields a total water production of 20.37 kg m-2 and an average evaporation rate exceeding 2.50 kg m-2 h-1. This work presents a high-performance and stable biomass-derived solar evaporator, exemplifying the considerable promise of biomass materials as next-generation platforms for efficient solar-driven evaporation.
开发可持续和高效的太阳能驱动界面蒸发（SIE）系统对于解决全球淡水短缺问题至关重要。生物质衍生蒸发器由于其丰富的资源可用性，低成本和生态友好的可持续性而获得了极大的关注。这项研究提出了一种创新的，自我再生的3D太阳能蒸发器，完全来自废蛋壳，通过简单的酸处理和碳化过程。蛋壳固有的分层多孔结构使水分能够快速输送，碳化蛋壳膜可作为优良的宽带（250-2500 nm）光热层。同时，蛋壳的天然椭球腔结构在没有外部支撑的情况下提供自浮力，并作为一个光捕获室，通过多次内部反射增强太阳吸收。利用多孔结构和椭球腔结构，优化后的蛋壳蒸发器在单太阳照射下的蒸发速率为3.09 kg m-2 h−1，光热转换效率为93.9%。此外，在自然光照下进行室外测试，总产水量为20.37 kg m-2，平均蒸发速率超过2.50 kg m-2 h - 1。这项工作提出了一种高性能和稳定的生物质衍生太阳能蒸发器，体现了生物质材料作为高效太阳能驱动蒸发的下一代平台的巨大前景。
{"title":"Biomass-derived 3D solar evaporator with self-regeneration for water treatment","authors":"Jiaxin Gao, Hongji Wang, Tianliang Xiao, Wenwei Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sustainable and efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) systems is crucial for addressing global freshwater scarcity. Biomass-derived evaporators have garnered significant attention due to their abundant source availability, low cost, and eco-friendly sustainability. This study presents an innovative, self-regenerating 3D solar evaporator derived entirely from waste eggshells via a facile acid treatment and carbonization process. The inherent hierarchical porous structure of the eggshell enables rapid water transport, and the carbonized eggshell membrane serves as an excellent broadband (250-2500 nm) photothermal layer. Simultaneously, the natural ellipsoidal cavity structure of the eggshell provides self-buoyancy without external supports and acts as a light-trapping chamber to enhance solar absorption through multiple internal reflections. Benefiting from the porous structure and the ellipsoidal cavity structure, the optimized eggshell-derived evaporator achieves an exceptional evaporation rate of 3.09 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> under one-sun illumination with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.9%. Furthermore, outdoor testing under natural sunlight yields a total water production of 20.37 kg m<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup> and an average evaporation rate exceeding 2.50 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>. This work presents a high-performance and stable biomass-derived solar evaporator, exemplifying the considerable promise of biomass materials as next-generation platforms for efficient solar-driven evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133989"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133995
Yiming Yan , Yehan Gao , Mengshan Gao , Jiaxin Chen , Lihui Cui , Yingqun Ma
This study systematically elucidated the dissolved organic matters (DOM) molecular conversion and biological response mechanisms during anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS) under different multi-enzyme pretreatment durations. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the biodegradable protein-like and amino sugar-like substances were converted into recalcitrant aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds via hydrolysis, condensation, and cyclization processes as extended pretreatment duration, significantly reducing DOM bioavailability. Metagenomic sequencing further indicated that the DOM deterioration inhibited the enrichment of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria, thereby suppressed the acetotrophic methanogenesis and methane production. Based on these insights, a novel DOM bioavailability-oriented evaluation framework was proposed for WAS pretreatment optimization, focusing on three key metrics, including the relative abundance of biodegradable substrates, key microorganisms and functions, and methanogenic pathways. Expectantly this study may provide theoretical and data support for future precise design of enzymatic pretreatment process and high-efficiency AD of WAS.
{"title":"Decipherment of dissolved organic matter compositions on waste activated sludge under in situ multi-enzyme pretreatment: novel bioavailability-oriented evaluation framework","authors":"Yiming Yan , Yehan Gao , Mengshan Gao , Jiaxin Chen , Lihui Cui , Yingqun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically elucidated the dissolved organic matters (DOM) molecular conversion and biological response mechanisms during anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS) under different multi-enzyme pretreatment durations. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the biodegradable protein-like and amino sugar-like substances were converted into recalcitrant aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds via hydrolysis, condensation, and cyclization processes as extended pretreatment duration, significantly reducing DOM bioavailability. Metagenomic sequencing further indicated that the DOM deterioration inhibited the enrichment of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria, thereby suppressed the acetotrophic methanogenesis and methane production. Based on these insights, a novel DOM bioavailability-oriented evaluation framework was proposed for WAS pretreatment optimization, focusing on three key metrics, including the relative abundance of biodegradable substrates, key microorganisms and functions, and methanogenic pathways. Expectantly this study may provide theoretical and data support for future precise design of enzymatic pretreatment process and high-efficiency AD of WAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133995"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133982
Fengmei Liu , Yu Tao , Yiyang Ding , Tong Cui , Xiao Liang , Quanshun Li
Sticky deposits hinder the recycling of waste paper by causing equipment clogging and poor paper quality. Enzymatic degradation is constrained by poor enzyme stability and limited degradation capacity. Herein, Humicola insolens cutinase and Archeoglobus fulgidus carboxylesterase, were selected to construct a cellulosome-based complex (namely HACOM) to enhance the binding and degradation of sticky deposits and the stability of enzymes. Computational analysis and protein adsorption experiments revealed that the carbohydrate-binding module could interact with the substrate poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. Further, HACOM could entirely degrade the surface layer of PVAc film, leading to the full exposure of its internal structure. Meanwhile, HACOM achieved the strongest degradation efficiency with the highest acetic acid yield of 20.9 mg/L. Overall, HACOM could effectively degrade PVAc with favorable enzymatic stability, providing a technical guideline for the treatment of sticky deposits in wastepaper pulp.
{"title":"Enhanced biodegradation of sticky deposits through cutinase-lipase synergy in designer cellulosomes","authors":"Fengmei Liu , Yu Tao , Yiyang Ding , Tong Cui , Xiao Liang , Quanshun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sticky deposits hinder the recycling of waste paper by causing equipment clogging and poor paper quality. Enzymatic degradation is constrained by poor enzyme stability and limited degradation capacity. Herein, <em>Humicola insolens</em> cutinase and <em>Archeoglobus fulgidus</em> carboxylesterase, were selected to construct a cellulosome-based complex (namely HACOM) to enhance the binding and degradation of sticky deposits and the stability of enzymes. Computational analysis and protein adsorption experiments revealed that the carbohydrate-binding module could interact with the substrate poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. Further, HACOM could entirely degrade the surface layer of PVAc film, leading to the full exposure of its internal structure. Meanwhile, HACOM achieved the strongest degradation efficiency with the highest acetic acid yield of 20.9 mg/L. Overall, HACOM could effectively degrade PVAc with favorable enzymatic stability, providing a technical guideline for the treatment of sticky deposits in wastepaper pulp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133982"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133988
Cancan Dong , Kai Hong , Fan Wu , Yanfeng Wang , Youyan Rong , Xin Wu , Jian Zhang , Le Gao
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential nutrients for animals that must be obtained from the diet, as mammals cannot synthesize them. This study developed an engineered Pichia pastoris strain for efficient production of BCAAs-enriched single-cell protein (SCP) through synergistic integration of metabolic engineering and artificial intelligence. We first enhanced BCAAs biosynthesis by overexpressing the Ilv3 gene (encoding dihydroxy-acid dehydratase) via CRISPR-Cas9. Subsequently, the PMPEPE (Pichia pastoris Mutation Predictor for Enhanced Protein Expression) model screened endogenous proteins with high BCAAs content, enabling AI-driven in silico design of a BCAAs-rich variant, M0504 (35% BCAAs composition). This engineered protein was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. High-cell-density fermentation demonstrated that the engineered strain HTX33-ILV3-M0504 exhibited significantly increased crude protein content during methanol induction and superior biomass accumulation compared to controls. The BCAAs content in SCP reached 9.8 mg/100 mg (equivalent to 11.9 g/L in the fermentation broth), representing a 37.1% increase over the wild-type strain HTX-33 (7.2 mg/100 mg). Transcriptomics analysis revealed that Ilv3 overexpression upregulated key genes in the BCAAs synthesis pathway while modulating metabolic homeostasis through the TCA cycle, methanol assimilation, and carbon–nitrogen co-utilization. This work establishes a scalable strategy for industrial production of functional SCP enriched with BCAAs.
{"title":"Metabolic engineering of Pichia pastoris for high-efficiency production of branched-chain amino acids -enriched single-cell protein","authors":"Cancan Dong , Kai Hong , Fan Wu , Yanfeng Wang , Youyan Rong , Xin Wu , Jian Zhang , Le Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential nutrients for animals that must be obtained from the diet, as mammals cannot synthesize them. This study developed an engineered <em>Pichia pastoris</em> strain for efficient production of BCAAs-enriched single-cell protein (SCP) through synergistic integration of metabolic engineering and artificial intelligence. We first enhanced BCAAs biosynthesis by overexpressing the <em>Ilv3</em> gene (encoding dihydroxy-acid dehydratase) via CRISPR-Cas9. Subsequently, the PMPEPE (<em>Pichia pastoris</em> Mutation Predictor for Enhanced Protein Expression) model screened endogenous proteins with high BCAAs content, enabling AI-driven in silico design of a BCAAs-rich variant, M0504 (35% BCAAs composition). This engineered protein was successfully expressed in <em>P. pastoris</em>. High-cell-density fermentation demonstrated that the engineered strain HTX33-ILV3-M0504 exhibited significantly increased crude protein content during methanol induction and superior biomass accumulation compared to controls. The BCAAs content in SCP reached 9.8 mg/100 mg (equivalent to 11.9 g/L in the fermentation broth), representing a 37.1% increase over the wild-type strain HTX-33 (7.2 mg/100 mg). Transcriptomics analysis revealed that <em>Ilv3</em> overexpression upregulated key genes in the BCAAs synthesis pathway while modulating metabolic homeostasis through the TCA cycle, methanol assimilation, and carbon–nitrogen co-utilization. This work establishes a scalable strategy for industrial production of functional SCP enriched with BCAAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133988"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133977
Junhyeon Kim , Seunghwan Kim , Min-Ji Kim , Kyoungphile Nam , Jae Young Kim
Organic sludge (OS) contains high concentration of calcium, which can inhibit anaerobic digestion (AD) by limiting mass transfer between microbes and organics. In this study, we investigated the effects of carbonate-forming additives injection on methane production in AD of OS by mitigating calcium inhibition and clarified the underlying mechanisms. CO2, urea, and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated with focus on floc structure of OS and calcium dynamic, and energy analysis considered biogas-derived CO2 recycling. CO2 injection achieved highest methane production (113.9 mL-CH4/g-VS) and net energy gain (269 MJ/tonne-OS), representing 29 vol% and 9% increase, respectively, compared to control, while urea and sodium bicarbonate showed negligible effects. These improvements with CO2 injection resulted from dissolution of internal calcium decreasing particle size by 54% and increasing specific surface area by 8%. This study demonstrates the energetic feasibility of recycling biogas-derived CO2 to enhance AD of calcium-rich sludge, supporting the sustainability of waste-to-energy systems.
{"title":"Mitigating calcium inhibition in anaerobic digestion of organic sludge through injection of carbonate-forming additives","authors":"Junhyeon Kim , Seunghwan Kim , Min-Ji Kim , Kyoungphile Nam , Jae Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic sludge (OS) contains high concentration of calcium, which can inhibit anaerobic digestion (AD) by limiting mass transfer between microbes and organics. In this study, we investigated the effects of carbonate-forming additives injection on methane production in AD of OS by mitigating calcium inhibition and clarified the underlying mechanisms. CO<sub>2</sub>, urea, and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated with focus on floc structure of OS and calcium dynamic, and energy analysis considered biogas-derived CO<sub>2</sub> recycling. CO<sub>2</sub> injection achieved highest methane production (113.9 mL-CH<sub>4</sub>/g-VS) and net energy gain (269 MJ/tonne-OS), representing 29 vol% and 9% increase, respectively, compared to control, while urea and sodium bicarbonate showed negligible effects. These improvements with CO<sub>2</sub> injection resulted from dissolution of internal calcium decreasing particle size by 54% and increasing specific surface area by 8%. This study demonstrates the energetic feasibility of recycling biogas-derived CO<sub>2</sub> to enhance AD of calcium-rich sludge, supporting the sustainability of waste-to-energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133977"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133932
Fei Wu , Kai Sun , Wenjian Liu , Shu Zhang , Xun Hu
Pre-carbonization plus activation is commonly used for activation of biomass. Nonetheless, pre-carbonization via pyrolysis removes a significant portion of aliphatic structures, diminishing mass yield of resulting activated carbon (AC) from activation. In this study, pyrolysis-condensation (pyro-condensation) was proposed as a method for pre-carbonization prior to activation of peach, cellulose, and lignin with K2C2O4, which could achieve recycled polymerization of volatiles to maximize mass yield of biochar and correspondingly AC. The results confirmed double or even triple of biochar yields with peach or cellulose via pyro-condensation, attributed to volatile recycling and carbon retention via aliphatic polymerization. The mass yields of AC from subsequent activation were also tripled with cellulose and doubled with lignin when compared with the pyrolysis-activation route. Moreover, pyro-condensation plus activation enhanced specific surface area of AC (i.e. 1243.6 versus 1048.1 m2 g−1 from pyrolysis-activation route with peach), abundance of mesoporous structures (12.8% versus 3.2% with cellulose) and enlarged pore size (1.9 versus 1.6 nm with cellulose). The in-situ IR characterization confirmed abundant aliphatic structures in form of −C-H, –OH, CO and C-O-C in the biochar from pyro-condensation, which were formed from re-polymerization of volatiles and filled voids of biochar, rendering smooth surface. The AC from pyro-condensation pretreatment exhibited superior phenol adsorption performance (maximum capacity: 426.3 mg/g, 49.5% higher than the counterpart with pyrolysis pretreatment) and excellent reusability. The abundant aliphatic components induced more intense cracking in the followed activation, forming AC of more developed pores, higher thermal stability, higher degree of aromatization and lower overall impacts on environment.
{"title":"Enhancing mass yield and adsorption performance of activated carbon via pyrolysis-condensation pretreatment coupled with activation of biomass by K2C2O4","authors":"Fei Wu , Kai Sun , Wenjian Liu , Shu Zhang , Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pre-carbonization plus activation is commonly used for activation of biomass. Nonetheless, pre-carbonization via pyrolysis removes a significant portion of aliphatic structures, diminishing mass yield of resulting activated carbon (AC) from activation. In this study, pyrolysis-condensation (pyro-condensation) was proposed as a method for pre-carbonization prior to activation of peach, cellulose, and lignin with K<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which could achieve recycled polymerization of volatiles to maximize mass yield of biochar and correspondingly AC. The results confirmed double or even triple of biochar yields with peach or cellulose via pyro-condensation, attributed to volatile recycling and carbon retention via aliphatic polymerization. The mass yields of AC from subsequent activation were also tripled with cellulose and doubled with lignin when compared with the pyrolysis-activation route. Moreover, pyro-condensation plus activation enhanced specific surface area of AC (i.e. 1243.6 versus 1048.1 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> from pyrolysis-activation route with peach), abundance of mesoporous structures (12.8% versus 3.2% with cellulose) and enlarged pore size (1.9 versus 1.6 nm with cellulose). The <em>in-situ</em> IR characterization confirmed abundant aliphatic structures in form of −C-<img>H, –OH, C<img>O and C-O-<img>C in the biochar from pyro-condensation, which were formed from re-polymerization of volatiles and filled voids of biochar, rendering smooth surface. The AC from pyro-condensation pretreatment exhibited superior phenol adsorption performance (maximum capacity: 426.3 mg/g, 49.5% higher than the counterpart with pyrolysis pretreatment) and excellent reusability. The abundant aliphatic components induced more intense cracking in the followed activation, forming AC of more developed pores, higher thermal stability, higher degree of aromatization and lower overall impacts on environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133932"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133975
Wei Zhang , Yifan Yang , Jiaqin Liu , Mingyu Nong , Hongbo Liu , Bin Dong , Xiaohu Dai
The annual volume of food waste (FW) collected and transported in China exceeds 100 million metric tons. “Anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic composting” is the mainstream treatment process for FW. Compared with raw FW, the nitrogen and sulfur contents in biogas residues (BR) increase by 54 % and 160 %, respectively, and the total emission of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) during BR composting increases by 33 %. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to control of VSCs during the composting of food waste biogas residues (FWBR). However, systematic review studies on this topic remain limited. Therefore, this study focuses on the formation pathways and emission control of VSCs during the composting under ammonia nitrogen stress. By summarizing the key VSCs and their dynamic variation patterns, this study analyzes the influence of ammonia nitrogen on VSCs formation pathways. Thus, this work provides theoretical and technical support for the efficient resource utilization of FWBR.
{"title":"Realization, formation pathways, and control of volatile sulfide components during aerobic composting of food waste biogas residue","authors":"Wei Zhang , Yifan Yang , Jiaqin Liu , Mingyu Nong , Hongbo Liu , Bin Dong , Xiaohu Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The annual volume of food waste (FW) collected and transported in China exceeds 100 million metric tons. “Anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic composting” is the mainstream treatment process for FW. Compared with raw FW, the nitrogen and sulfur contents in biogas residues (BR) increase by 54 % and 160 %, respectively, and the total emission of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) during BR composting increases by 33 %. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to control of VSCs during the composting of food waste biogas residues (FWBR). However, systematic review studies on this topic remain limited. Therefore, this study focuses on the formation pathways and emission control of VSCs during the composting under ammonia nitrogen stress. By summarizing the key VSCs and their dynamic variation patterns, this study analyzes the influence of ammonia nitrogen on VSCs formation pathways. Thus, this work provides theoretical and technical support for the efficient resource utilization of FWBR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133975"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133974
Zeyu Wang , Hao Xu , Yu Mei , Minyu Suo , Dzmitry Hrynsphan , Savitskaya Tatsiana , Jun Chen
Chain elongation converts organic waste into caproate. Wider application depends on stable, predictable performance at scale. This review examines the operational and engineering factors that underpin process robustness. It highlights how reactor configuration, process control, and microbial community management govern stability under variable feedstocks. It also discusses how these factors shift pathway competition and carbon flow. Product removal is central to feasibility. Effective separation relieves inhibition and enables continuous operation, while reducing downstream processing costs. Electrochemical and adsorption-based methods are promising. However, long-term durability and regeneration remain concerns. Key barriers remain: substrate inconsistency, community instability, and material performance limitations. To support industrial deployment, the review outlines priorities for tighter pH/redox control and closer reaction-separation integration. It also calls for clearer techno-economic evaluation to define feasible scale-up windows.
{"title":"Chain-elongation routes to caproic acid toward industry-ready continuous operation and low-energy recovery","authors":"Zeyu Wang , Hao Xu , Yu Mei , Minyu Suo , Dzmitry Hrynsphan , Savitskaya Tatsiana , Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chain elongation converts organic waste into caproate. Wider application depends on stable, predictable performance at scale. This review examines the operational and engineering factors that underpin process robustness. It highlights how reactor configuration, process control, and microbial community management govern stability under variable feedstocks. It also discusses how these factors shift pathway competition and carbon flow. Product removal is central to feasibility. Effective separation relieves inhibition and enables continuous operation, while reducing downstream processing costs. Electrochemical and adsorption-based methods are promising. However, long-term durability and regeneration remain concerns. Key barriers remain: substrate inconsistency, community instability, and material performance limitations. To support industrial deployment, the review outlines priorities for tighter pH/redox control and closer reaction-separation integration. It also calls for clearer techno-economic evaluation to define feasible scale-up windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"444 ","pages":"Article 133974"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号