Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134028
Xueao Zheng , Tengfei Liu , Xiaozhan Qu , Zeping Sun , Xinyu Zhao , Yalong Xu , Chen Wang , Cunxi Wang , Peijian Cao , Qiansi Chen
Deep learning is revolutionizing enzyme engineering through efficient residue redesign. Leveraging deep learning for enzyme engineering, we redesigned a pectinase using ProteinMPNN guided by multiple sequence alignment. Our top-performing variant, DS-5, incorporated 72 mutations and achieved an 8.9-fold increase in catalytic activity compared to the wild-type. DS-5 also displayed significantly improved thermostability, with an optimal temperature increasing by 10°C, and robust performance over a wide pH range (7.0–11.0). Structural and molecular dynamics analyses revealed the source of this enhancement: a remodeled surface electrostatic potential due to the increase of five positively charged residues, forming an extended positive groove that potentially improves substrate binding affinity. This rationally designed enzyme demonstrated superior performance in applied settings, including apple juice clarification and tobacco degradation. Furthermore, treating tobacco leaves with DS-5 substantially improved their sensory profile by elevating the concentration of desirable flavor compounds like sucrose and lactones. Our study provides a framework for deep learning-guided engineering of highly efficient enzymes, directly linking catalytic improvements to enhanced end-product quality for industrial applications.
{"title":"Deep learning-guided engineering of pectinase for enhanced catalytic performance in tobacco processing","authors":"Xueao Zheng , Tengfei Liu , Xiaozhan Qu , Zeping Sun , Xinyu Zhao , Yalong Xu , Chen Wang , Cunxi Wang , Peijian Cao , Qiansi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning is revolutionizing enzyme engineering through efficient residue redesign. Leveraging deep learning for enzyme engineering, we redesigned a pectinase using ProteinMPNN guided by multiple sequence alignment. Our top-performing variant, DS-5, incorporated 72 mutations and achieved an 8.9-fold increase in catalytic activity compared to the wild-type. DS-5 also displayed significantly improved thermostability, with an optimal temperature increasing by 10°C, and robust performance over a wide pH range (7.0–11.0). Structural and molecular dynamics analyses revealed the source of this enhancement: a remodeled surface electrostatic potential due to the increase of five positively charged residues, forming an extended positive groove that potentially improves substrate binding affinity. This rationally designed enzyme demonstrated superior performance in applied settings, including apple juice clarification and tobacco degradation. Furthermore, treating tobacco leaves with DS-5 substantially improved their sensory profile by elevating the concentration of desirable flavor compounds like sucrose and lactones. Our study provides a framework for deep learning-guided engineering of highly efficient enzymes, directly linking catalytic improvements to enhanced end-product quality for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134028"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134042
Yawen Lu , Guangzhen Wang , Wenmeng He , Yiming Sun , Mingming Wang
Tagatose, a functional ketose produced by galactose isomerization, faces production challenges due to reaction equilibrium limitations and the difficulty of separating similar sugars. This study developed an integrated strategy to overcome these hurdles by combining enzymatic catalysis with selective adsorption. Mesophilic and thermophilic l-arabinose isomerases (l-AIs), namely BtAI from Bacillus thermoglucosidasius and LfAI from Lactobacillus fermentum, were engineered to catalyze the conversion of galactose into tagatose. After systematic optimization, the BtAI-catalyzed galactose isomerization produced 15.05 g/L tagatose with a yield of 47.68 %, whereas the LfAI-catalyzed reaction produced 17.87 g/L tagatose with a yield of 53.05 %. In addition, dual-enzyme cascade systems combining β-galactosidase (β-Gal) with l-AIs were constructed to explore their ability to valorize lactose for tagatose production. The BtAI-based dual-enzyme cascade system produced 23.93 g/L tagatose with a yield of 23.26 % from lactose, whereas the LfAI-based system resulted in 21.89 g/L tagatose with a yield of 19.72 %. To address purification and equilibrium constraints, a low-pKa boronate affinity adsorbent (PBA@AR) with high tagatose selectivity was synthesized. Implementing a PBA@AR-mediated adsorption-assisted isomerization strategy drove the reaction equilibrium forward, increasing the final tagatose yield to 67.07 % while simultaneously achieving a product purity exceeding 95 %. This work provides an efficient approach for enhancing both the yield and purity in enzymatic ketose production.
{"title":"A synergistic strategy coupling enzymatic isomerization with boronate affinity adsorption for efficient tagatose biosynthesis","authors":"Yawen Lu , Guangzhen Wang , Wenmeng He , Yiming Sun , Mingming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tagatose, a functional ketose produced by galactose isomerization, faces production challenges due to reaction equilibrium limitations and the difficulty of separating similar sugars. This study developed an integrated strategy to overcome these hurdles by combining enzymatic catalysis with selective adsorption. Mesophilic and thermophilic <span><sub>l</sub></span>-arabinose isomerases (<span><sub>l</sub></span>-AIs), namely <em>Bt</em>AI from <em>Bacillus thermoglucosidasius</em> and <em>Lf</em>AI from <em>Lactobacillus fermentum</em>, were engineered to catalyze the conversion of galactose into tagatose. After systematic optimization, the <em>Bt</em>AI-catalyzed galactose isomerization produced 15.05 g/L tagatose with a yield of 47.68 %, whereas the <em>Lf</em>AI-catalyzed reaction produced 17.87 g/L tagatose with a yield of 53.05 %. In addition, dual-enzyme cascade systems combining <em>β</em>-galactosidase (<em>β</em>-Gal) with <span><sub>l</sub></span>-AIs were constructed to explore their ability to valorize lactose for tagatose production. The <em>Bt</em>AI-based dual-enzyme cascade system produced 23.93 g/L tagatose with a yield of 23.26 % from lactose, whereas the <em>Lf</em>AI-based system resulted in 21.89 g/L tagatose with a yield of 19.72 %. To address purification and equilibrium constraints, a low-p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> boronate affinity adsorbent (PBA@AR) with high tagatose selectivity was synthesized. Implementing a PBA@AR-mediated adsorption-assisted isomerization strategy drove the reaction equilibrium forward, increasing the final tagatose yield to 67.07 % while simultaneously achieving a product purity exceeding 95 %. This work provides an efficient approach for enhancing both the yield and purity in enzymatic ketose production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134042"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134161
Lei Han , Hai-Jie Hu , Jia-Xuan Liu , Tao Yu , Jin-Ling Li , Lan-Ting Ma , Cheng-Tun Qu , Zhong-Wen Liu
The treatment of oily sludge (OS) and coal gasification slag (CGS), which are abundant hazardous solid wastes in the energy industry, is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the CGS catalyzed OS pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor, and the effect of CGS to OS ratios on the product distribution was investigated at temperatures of 400–800 °C. Importantly, both coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) and coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) can effectively catalyze the pyrolysis of OS with increased yields of methane, H2 and liquid hydrocarbons but suppressed formation of CO2 and sulfur-containing gases. Specifically, CGCS exhibited higher activity for gaseous product formation, whereas CGFS proved more effective in enhancing liquid oil production. Thermogravimetric results reveal that the OS pyrolysis proceeds in three stages, i.e., dehydration, light-component volatilization, and heavy-component/mineral decomposition, the kinetics of which can be optimally described by the distributed activation energy model. For both CGCS and CGFS, the activation energy decreased for the light-component decomposition but increased for heavy fractions, which is consistent with complex reaction pathways revealed from the Master plot analysis. These results not only validate the simultaneous valorization of CGS and OS, but also demonstrate the CGS catalyzed OS pyrolysis a promising waste-to-resource pathway.
{"title":"Valorization of oily sludge with coal gasification slag via catalytic pyrolysis","authors":"Lei Han , Hai-Jie Hu , Jia-Xuan Liu , Tao Yu , Jin-Ling Li , Lan-Ting Ma , Cheng-Tun Qu , Zhong-Wen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of oily sludge (OS) and coal gasification slag (CGS), which are abundant hazardous solid wastes in the energy industry, is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the CGS catalyzed OS pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor, and the effect of CGS to OS ratios on the product distribution was investigated at temperatures of 400–800 °C. Importantly, both coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) and coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) can effectively catalyze the pyrolysis of OS with increased yields of methane, H<sub>2</sub> and liquid hydrocarbons but suppressed formation of CO<sub>2</sub> and sulfur-containing gases. Specifically, CGCS exhibited higher activity for gaseous product formation, whereas CGFS proved more effective in enhancing liquid oil production. Thermogravimetric results reveal that the OS pyrolysis proceeds in three stages, i.e., dehydration, light-component volatilization, and heavy-component/mineral decomposition, the kinetics of which can be optimally described by the distributed activation energy model. For both CGCS and CGFS, the activation energy decreased for the light-component decomposition but increased for heavy fractions, which is consistent with complex reaction pathways revealed from the Master plot analysis. These results not only validate the simultaneous valorization of CGS and OS, but also demonstrate the CGS catalyzed OS pyrolysis a promising waste-to-resource pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 134161"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133990
E. Drula , D. Navarro , J. Lambert , D. Chaduli , A. Lomascolo , C. Heilmann , S. Grisel , K. Barry , K. Labutti , B. Andreopoulos , L. Siyoun , S. Tejomurthula , A. Lipzen , R. Riley , Igor V. Grigoriev , S. Miyauchi , M.N. Rosso
The genomes of white-rot fungi hold extended repertoires of enzymes active on virtually all the chemical bonds that intertwine lignocellulose polymers, and several Trametes species have been identified as powerful tools for biorefinery or bioremediation. However, only few studies have addressed the intra-species polymorphism one would expect from fungal strains collected in contrasted environments. We compared the genome sequence of pairs of strains collected in different geographic areas, for each of three fungal species. Using an updated list of the predicted functions for fungal ligno- and cellulolytic enzymes (CAZymes), we observed a high conservation of the gene repertoires among the six strains. We compared the adaptative response of the fungi grown on crystalline cellulose, wheat straw, aspen or pine sawdust by transcriptomics and secretomics. The gene regulation profiles were determined by the species and the substrates, rather than the strain. The secretomes did not show marked differences in the sets of secreted CAZymes after 3 day-growth on the substrates. We identified five transcription factor genes and two sesquiterpenoid synthesis genes induced during growth on lignocellulose. Wider studies using larger sets of strains will be necessary to evaluate the genericity of our findings, and to assess the phenotype diversity one could expect from geographic diversity as compared to taxonomic diversity in Trametes fungi.
{"title":"Three pairs of fungal Trametes strains isolated from distinct geographic origins show conserved genomic features and adaptive response to plant biomass","authors":"E. Drula , D. Navarro , J. Lambert , D. Chaduli , A. Lomascolo , C. Heilmann , S. Grisel , K. Barry , K. Labutti , B. Andreopoulos , L. Siyoun , S. Tejomurthula , A. Lipzen , R. Riley , Igor V. Grigoriev , S. Miyauchi , M.N. Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genomes of white-rot fungi hold extended repertoires of enzymes active on virtually all the chemical bonds that intertwine lignocellulose polymers, and several Trametes species have been identified as powerful tools for biorefinery or bioremediation. However, only few studies have addressed the intra-species polymorphism one would expect from fungal strains collected in contrasted environments. We compared the genome sequence of pairs of strains collected in different geographic areas, for each of three fungal species. Using an updated list of the predicted functions for fungal ligno- and cellulolytic enzymes (CAZymes), we observed a high conservation of the gene repertoires among the six strains. We compared the adaptative response of the fungi grown on crystalline cellulose, wheat straw, aspen or pine sawdust by transcriptomics and secretomics. The gene regulation profiles were determined by the species and the substrates, rather than the strain. The secretomes did not show marked differences in the sets of secreted CAZymes after 3 day-growth on the substrates. We identified five transcription factor genes and two sesquiterpenoid synthesis genes induced during growth on lignocellulose. Wider studies using larger sets of strains will be necessary to evaluate the genericity of our findings, and to assess the phenotype diversity one could expect from geographic diversity as compared to taxonomic diversity in Trametes fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 133990"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134062
Wenlian Qiu , Jia Xin Jiang , Dong Yu Zhu , Xiao Tong Chen , Bi Rao Huang , Wu Xuan Cen , Kai Yuan Li , Xueqing Qiu
Sustainable and green materials are demanded for flexible electronics while the conventional hydrogel and organogel systems face dual challenges of environmental vulnerability such as dehydration and liquid leakage and limited multifunctionality. Here, a biomass-based ionogel with covalent-physical dual crosslinking networks by integrating lignin, poly(thioctic acid) (PTA), and a halometallate ionic liquid is reported. The optimized ionogel presents exceptional mechanical properties (75 kPa strength, 1230% elongation at break) and near infrared (NIR)-accelerated self-healing function benefiting from lignin’s photothermal properties. Enabled by a decent conductivity (0.026 S/m), the ionogel manifest multi-stimuli sensing abilities, including strain, heat, and NIR light through distinct electrical signals including resistance and current changes. As a versatile multi-modal flexible sensor, it demonstrates robust human motion monitoring and accurate stimulus recognition of combined stimuli. This work advances high-value utilization of lignin and provides a green and practical strategy for fabricating multifunctional flexible sensors.
{"title":"Lignin-empowered self-healing biomass ionogels for multi-modal flexible sensing","authors":"Wenlian Qiu , Jia Xin Jiang , Dong Yu Zhu , Xiao Tong Chen , Bi Rao Huang , Wu Xuan Cen , Kai Yuan Li , Xueqing Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable and green materials are demanded for flexible electronics while the conventional hydrogel and organogel systems face dual challenges of environmental vulnerability such as dehydration and liquid leakage and limited multifunctionality. Here, a biomass-based ionogel with covalent-physical dual crosslinking networks by integrating lignin, poly(thioctic acid) (PTA), and a halometallate ionic liquid is reported. The optimized ionogel presents exceptional mechanical properties (75 kPa strength, 1230% elongation at break) and near infrared (NIR)-accelerated self-healing function benefiting from lignin’s photothermal properties. Enabled by a decent conductivity (0.026 S/m), the ionogel manifest multi-stimuli sensing abilities, including strain, heat, and NIR light through distinct electrical signals including resistance and current changes. As a versatile multi-modal flexible sensor, it demonstrates robust human motion monitoring and accurate stimulus recognition of combined stimuli. This work advances high-value utilization of lignin and provides a green and practical strategy for fabricating multifunctional flexible sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134062"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134073
Yagiz Sarioglu , Dilek Sever-Kaya , Halil Kurt , Nigar Kantarci-Carsibasi , Aykut Kul , Sevgi Marakli , Tunc Catal
Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) is a persistent halogenated herbicide frequently detected in aquatic environments, yet its bioelectrochemical degradation has not been previously demonstrated. This study reports the simultaneous biodegradation of dalapon and electricity generation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells inoculated with the psychrotolerant Antarctic isolate Psychrobacter sp. TaeBurcu001. While mixed microbial cultures alone were unable to oxidize dalapon as the sole added carbon source, co-inoculation with TaeBurcu001 enabled measurable electricity generation (0.1–0.21 V at 980 Ω) and achieved more than 90% dalapon removal. Targeted LC–MS/MS analysis confirmed substantial dalapon degradation under all tested conditions. Microbial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed enrichment of electrogenic and xenobiotic-degrading genera, including Xanthobacter, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, and Dysgonomonas. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested favorable binding of dalapon within the catalytic pocket of L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, supporting a plausible enzymatic contribution to dehalogenation. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using specialized pollutant-degrading bacteria to enhance the functionality of MFCs for treating recalcitrant organic contaminants.
{"title":"Coupling dalapon biodegradation with electricity generation in microbial fuel cells","authors":"Yagiz Sarioglu , Dilek Sever-Kaya , Halil Kurt , Nigar Kantarci-Carsibasi , Aykut Kul , Sevgi Marakli , Tunc Catal","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) is a persistent halogenated herbicide frequently detected in aquatic environments, yet its bioelectrochemical degradation has not been previously demonstrated. This study reports the simultaneous biodegradation of dalapon and electricity generation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells inoculated with the psychrotolerant Antarctic isolate <em>Psychrobacter</em> sp. TaeBurcu001. While mixed microbial cultures alone were unable to oxidize dalapon as the sole added carbon source, co-inoculation with TaeBurcu001 enabled measurable electricity generation (0.1–0.21 V at 980 Ω) and achieved more than 90% dalapon removal. Targeted LC–MS/MS analysis confirmed substantial dalapon degradation under all tested conditions. Microbial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed enrichment of electrogenic and xenobiotic-degrading genera, including <em>Xanthobacter</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Achromobacter</em>, and <em>Dysgonomonas</em>. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested favorable binding of dalapon within the catalytic pocket of L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, supporting a plausible enzymatic contribution to dehalogenation. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using specialized pollutant-degrading bacteria to enhance the functionality of MFCs for treating recalcitrant organic contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134073"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To clarify the influence of alkali metals on NO reduction by biomass volatiles during high-alkali coal combustion, a three-stage plug flow reactor (PFR) model with detailed C-H-N-O-Cl-Na-K mechanisms was established on the Chemkin platform. This study systematically investigated the influence of alkali–metal forms (NaOH, KOH, NaCl, KCl) on the deNOx performance of biomass volatiles and their individual components (H2、CO、CH4) under different air equivalence ratios (λ) and temperatures in the reburning zone. The results show that alkali metals (denoted as A, A = Na and K) consume H/OH radicals via the “AOH → A → AOH” cycle. When λ ≥ 0.9, they slightly promote deNOx by inhibiting the oxidation of nitrogen-containing intermediates (e.g., NH) by OH to form NO, increasing the NO reduction efficiency by about 10%. Conversely, when λ < 0.9, they switch to inhibiting deNOx, with the inhibition intensity varying significantly with fuel types and alkali metal forms. The inhibition follows the order CO > H2 > CH4 due to distinct deNOx pathways, while biomass volatiles exhibit intermediate inhibition between that of CO and CH4, resulting from multi-component synergistic effects. The effect peaks in the range of 900–1000 °C and weakens at higher temperatures. Chlorides (ACl) mainly participate in the inert cycle “ACl → A → ACl”, resulting in weaker effects than hydroxides. Consequently, the influence on NO reduction follows NaOH > KOH ≈ NaCl > KCl. This work elucidates the alkali-metal mechanisms in reburning deNOx and supports low-NOx combustion optimization for high-alkali fuels.
{"title":"Mechanism study on the effects of Na/K hydroxides and chlorides on NO reduction by biomass volatiles reburning during high-alkali coal combustion","authors":"Minghui Xu , Jing Zhao , Xiayu Zhu , Honghai Yang , Xiaolin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To clarify the influence of alkali metals on NO reduction by biomass volatiles during high-alkali coal combustion, a three-stage plug flow reactor (PFR) model with detailed C-H-<img>N-O-<img>Cl-Na-K mechanisms was established on the Chemkin platform. This study systematically investigated the influence of alkali–metal forms (NaOH, KOH, NaCl, KCl) on the deNO<sub>x</sub> performance of biomass volatiles and their individual components (H<sub>2</sub>、CO、CH<sub>4</sub>) under different air equivalence ratios (λ) and temperatures in the reburning zone. The results show that alkali metals (denoted as A, A = Na and K) consume H/OH radicals via the “AOH → A → AOH” cycle. When λ ≥ 0.9, they slightly promote deNO<sub>x</sub> by inhibiting the oxidation of nitrogen-containing intermediates (e.g., NH) by OH to form NO, increasing the NO reduction efficiency by about 10%. Conversely, when λ < 0.9, they switch to inhibiting deNO<sub>x</sub>, with the inhibition intensity varying significantly with fuel types and alkali metal forms. The inhibition follows the order CO > H<sub>2</sub> > CH<sub>4</sub> due to distinct deNO<sub>x</sub> pathways, while biomass volatiles exhibit intermediate inhibition between that of CO and CH<sub>4</sub>, resulting from multi-component synergistic effects. The effect peaks in the range of 900–1000 °C and weakens at higher temperatures. Chlorides (ACl) mainly participate in the inert cycle “ACl → A → ACl”, resulting in weaker effects than hydroxides. Consequently, the influence on NO reduction follows NaOH > KOH ≈ NaCl > KCl. This work elucidates the alkali-metal mechanisms in reburning deNO<sub>x</sub> and supports low-NO<sub>x</sub> combustion optimization for high-alkali fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134083"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134190
Jiani Wang , Xia Gao , Nana Wei , Ruonan Ma , Yan Yang , Guoxue Li , Yuezhen Tian , Jing Yuan
Composting serves as a pivotal technology for recycling livestock manure and reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, optimizing only its physicochemical properties or microbial community yields limited success in ARG removal. In contrast, persulfate radical-driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven highly effective in eliminating ARGs. This study demonstrates that the biological heat generated during composting can activates persulfate, not only boosting the ARGs removal rate to 96% but also effectively suppressing the rebound and re-enrichment of ARGs during the compost maturation stage, maintaining a removal rate of 55%. Specifically, this approach reduces the abundances of mobile genetic elements (MGEs, e.g., intI2, IncQ-oriV) and target ARGs (tetA, tetQ, strA, sul3). The mechanisms underlying ARG removal involve two key aspects: First, strong oxidative radicals produced by persulfate activation directly oxidize and damage resistant bacteria, thereby decreasing the abundances of ARGs and MGEs. Second, persulfate primarily inhibits ARGs transmission by reshaping the bacterial community structure. In traditional composting, non-host core bacteria act as “bridges” connecting distinct microbial modules, directly facilitating inter-modular ARGs transmission. Dominant genera such as Bacillus, norank_f__Limnochordaceae, Marinimicrobium, and Tepidimicrobium mainly carry key MGEs (intI2, Tn916/1545, tnpA, IS613), which further amplify the risk of ARGs dissemination. In contrast, following persulfate addition, only Truepera is detected as a non-host core bacterium, significantly reducing cross-module ARGs transmission pathways. This study offers a promising regulation strategy for mitigating ARG-related risks during composting.
{"title":"Persulfates radical-driven advanced oxidation: promising approach to regulate antibiotic resistance genes in composting systems","authors":"Jiani Wang , Xia Gao , Nana Wei , Ruonan Ma , Yan Yang , Guoxue Li , Yuezhen Tian , Jing Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composting serves as a pivotal technology for recycling livestock manure and reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, optimizing only its physicochemical properties or microbial community yields limited success in ARG removal. In contrast, persulfate radical-driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven highly effective in eliminating ARGs. This study demonstrates that the biological heat generated during composting can activates persulfate, not only boosting the ARGs removal rate to 96% but also effectively suppressing the rebound and re-enrichment of ARGs during the compost maturation stage, maintaining a removal rate of 55%. Specifically, this approach reduces the abundances of mobile genetic elements (MGEs, e.g., <em>intI2</em>, <em>IncQ-oriV</em>) and target ARGs (<em>tetA</em>, <em>tetQ</em>, <em>strA</em>, <em>sul3</em>). The mechanisms underlying ARG removal involve two key aspects: First, strong oxidative radicals produced by persulfate activation directly oxidize and damage resistant bacteria, thereby decreasing the abundances of ARGs and MGEs. Second, persulfate primarily inhibits ARGs transmission by reshaping the bacterial community structure. In traditional composting, non-host core bacteria act as “bridges” connecting distinct microbial modules, directly facilitating inter-modular ARGs transmission. Dominant genera such as <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>norank_f__Limnochordaceae</em>, <em>Marinimicrobium</em>, and <em>Tepidimicrobium</em> mainly carry key MGEs (<em>intI2</em>, <em>Tn916/1545</em>, <em>tnpA</em>, <em>IS613</em>), which further amplify the risk of ARGs dissemination. In contrast, following persulfate addition, only <em>Truepera</em> is detected as a non-host core bacterium, significantly reducing cross-module ARGs transmission pathways. This study offers a promising regulation strategy for mitigating ARG-related risks during composting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 134190"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134052
Shan Zhong , Shen Li , Longyun Dai , Xiaojun Zheng , Shuang Wang , Xin Zhao
By employing a sol–gel assisted self-assembly strategy to deconstruct the wood fiber structure in reed and subsequently combining it with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) topology, the in situ composite (N-RGel-ZT) was achieved at the molecular level, thereby producing a N/O co-doped porous carbon via two-step carbonization/activation processes. The results indicated that CN-RGel possessed an exceptional surface area of 3357 m2·g−1 and a gradational micro-/mesoporous structure featuring a micropore ratio of 56.6 %. This structure contributes to high pore utilization and creates nano-porosities that act as ion buffering reservoirs. CN-RGel exhibited uniform element distribution, with N and O contents of 3.11 at% and 8.58 at%, respectively. In a three-electrode electrochemical setup, the CN-RGel electrode demonstrated a remarkable capacitance of 408.8 F·g−1. When constructed into a dual electrode supercapacitor device utilizing ionic liquid electrolyte, it achieved an optimal energy density of 121.66 Wh·kg−1 and peak power density of 17,500 W·kg−1, in addition to good cycle durability of 95.76 % over 10,000 repetitions.
{"title":"Transforming bioresources for high-efficiency energy storage: Utilizing porous carbon derived from reed in supercapacitor applications","authors":"Shan Zhong , Shen Li , Longyun Dai , Xiaojun Zheng , Shuang Wang , Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By employing a sol–gel assisted self-assembly strategy to deconstruct the wood fiber structure in reed and subsequently combining it with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) topology, the in situ composite (N-R<sub>Gel</sub>-ZT) was achieved at the molecular level, thereby producing a N/O co-doped porous carbon via two-step carbonization/activation processes. The results indicated that CN-R<sub>Gel</sub> possessed an exceptional surface area of 3357 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup> and a gradational micro-/mesoporous structure featuring a micropore ratio of 56.6 %. This structure contributes to high pore utilization and creates nano-porosities that act as ion buffering reservoirs. CN-R<sub>Gel</sub> exhibited uniform element distribution, with N and O contents of 3.11 at% and 8.58 at%, respectively. In a three-electrode electrochemical setup, the CN-R<sub>Gel</sub> electrode demonstrated a remarkable capacitance of 408.8 F·g<sup>−1</sup>. When constructed into a dual electrode supercapacitor device utilizing ionic liquid electrolyte, it achieved an optimal energy density of 121.66 Wh·kg<sup>−1</sup> and peak power density of 17,500 W·kg<sup>−1</sup>, in addition to good cycle durability of 95.76 % over 10,000 repetitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134052"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134130
Yubing Lu , Jinwen Hu , Xiao Cao , Qiujie Huang , Nanwen Zhu
Converting lignin into biochar-based Fenton-like catalysts represents a promising strategy for the upgrading of lignin. Herein, Co-Mn layered bimetallic oxides (CML) was anchored onto nitrogen-doped lignin biochar (NLBC) to achieve targeted enhancement of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The NLBC-anchored CML (CMLN)/PMS system achieved nearly completely (>99%) degradation of antibiotics within 20 min with the of 0.28 min−1. It maintained excellent catalytic performance in real-water environments and across a wide pH range, remaining over 85% catalytical activity after 4 cycles. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the NLBC anchoring strategy induces localized charge redistribution, enhancing the electron density at Co sites and promoting electron transfer. Moreover, NLBC favored the preferential coordination PMS with electron-rich Co sites, thereby achieving targeted enhancement of 1O2 generation. Overall, this work offers a promising strategy for value-added conversion of lignin resources into efficient Fenton-like catalysts for wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Target prepared Nitrogen-Doped lignin biochar anchored Co-Mn oxides for directed singlet oxygen generation in fenton-like Reactions: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Yubing Lu , Jinwen Hu , Xiao Cao , Qiujie Huang , Nanwen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converting lignin into biochar-based Fenton-like catalysts represents a promising strategy for the upgrading of lignin. Herein, Co-Mn layered bimetallic oxides (CML) was anchored onto nitrogen-doped lignin biochar (NLBC) to achieve targeted enhancement of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) generation in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The NLBC-anchored CML (CMLN)/PMS system achieved nearly completely (>99%) degradation of antibiotics within 20 min with the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>obs</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> of 0.28 min<sup>−1</sup>. It maintained excellent catalytic performance in real-water environments and across a wide pH range, remaining over 85% catalytical activity after 4 cycles. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the NLBC anchoring strategy induces localized charge redistribution, enhancing the electron density at Co sites and promoting electron transfer. Moreover, NLBC favored the preferential coordination PMS with electron-rich Co sites, thereby achieving targeted enhancement of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation. Overall, this work offers a promising strategy for value-added conversion of lignin resources into efficient Fenton-like catalysts for wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":"445 ","pages":"Article 134130"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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