Japan is a country whose religious traditions are the furthest removed from monotheistic belief systems. Japanʼs oldest indigenous belief form is considered to be polytheism and animism (neither being monotheistic), which eventually mixed with Buddhism that was later imported from China and Korea. In such historical circumstances, it is supposedly difficult to obtain a thorough understanding of monotheistic philosophy and belief. To this end, we examine a Japanese translation of the Qurʼan under the assumption that the cultural distance between the source and target language is accommodated according to various translation strategies. What is the relationship between religious text, especially holy text that is at the center of faith and doctrine, and the act of translation? As any religion has its own cultural background, it will encounter different linguistic and cultural contexts from those inherent within it, when it is exported from its birthplace to other places. Herein lies the problem of the translation of religious texts. Since any holy text is written in an individual language, its translation into a foreign language may incur the risk of losing its original ʻholy meaning”. Specifically, “the holy resists translation” (Long 2005: 1). From such perspective, the problem regarding the translation of religious texts occupies an important place if we seek to understand the limits of translatability. In Islam, the Qurʼan is considered to be an “inimitable” text; only the Qurʼan in Arabic deserves to be named a sacred text, and any Qurʼan that is translated into languages other than Arabic is merely an explanation or commentary; basically, it is not the Qurʼan. As a result, there have been very few translation studies on Qurʼanic text. According to Abdul-Raof, “[t]he problem of Qurʼan untranslatability has always been dealt with from a theological and historical point of view” and “there is no study available today that accounts for the problem of untranslatability of the Qurʼan from linguistic and applied translation studies (Abdul-Raof 2001: 1). El-Hadary critically examined the concept of “equivalence”, advocated by E. Nida, between original text and target text, and discussed various questions about the “untranslatability” of the Qurʼan from the viewpoint of linguistic theory (El-Hadary 2009). Thus, translation studies about the Qurʼan have really only just begun. In fact, both Abdul-Raof and El Hadary deal only with the translation from Arabic to English. In this paper, I would like to go one step further in the Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 60 (2019), pp.39-49. C Hitotsubashi University
日本是一个宗教传统与一神论信仰体系相去甚远的国家。日本最古老的本土信仰形式被认为是多神论和万物有灵论(都不是一神论)，最终与后来从中国和韩国传入的佛教混合在一起。在这样的历史环境下，人们很难对一神论的哲学和信仰有一个透彻的理解。为此，我们考察了《古兰经》的日文翻译，假设源语和译语之间的文化距离可以根据不同的翻译策略进行调节。宗教文本，特别是处于信仰和教义中心的神圣文本，与翻译行为之间的关系是什么?任何宗教都有自己的文化背景，当它从出生地输出到其他地方时，都会遇到与它固有的语言和文化背景不同的语言和文化背景。这就是宗教文本翻译的问题。因为任何神圣的文本都是用一种单独的语言写成的，所以将其翻译成外语可能会导致失去其原始神圣意义的风险。具体来说，“神圣抵制翻译”(Long 2005: 1)。从这样的角度来看，如果我们试图理解可译性的局限性，宗教文本的翻译问题就占有重要的地位。在伊斯兰教中，《古兰经》被认为是“不可模仿”的经典;只有阿拉伯文的《古兰经》才配被称为圣典，任何被翻译成阿拉伯文以外语言的《古兰经》都只是一种解释或注释;基本上，它不是《古兰经》。因此，对古兰经文本的翻译研究很少。根据Abdul-Raof的说法，“古兰经的不可译性问题一直是从神学和历史的角度来处理的”，并且“今天没有任何研究可以从语言学和应用翻译研究中解释古兰经的不可译性问题(Abdul-Raof 2001:1) El-Hadary批判性地考察了E. Nida倡导的原文与译文之间的“对等”概念，并从语言学理论的角度讨论了《古兰经》“不可译性”的各种问题(El-Hadary 2009)。因此，关于《古兰经》的翻译研究才刚刚开始。事实上，Abdul-Raof和El Hadary都只处理从阿拉伯语到英语的翻译。在这篇论文中，我想更进一步，在Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 60 (2019)， pp.39-49。C一桥大学
{"title":"Translating 'Islam' into Japanese - Concerning the Japanese Version of the Qur'an and Its Translation Strategy","authors":"Rana Haggag","doi":"10.15057/30925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/30925","url":null,"abstract":"Japan is a country whose religious traditions are the furthest removed from monotheistic belief systems. Japanʼs oldest indigenous belief form is considered to be polytheism and animism (neither being monotheistic), which eventually mixed with Buddhism that was later imported from China and Korea. In such historical circumstances, it is supposedly difficult to obtain a thorough understanding of monotheistic philosophy and belief. To this end, we examine a Japanese translation of the Qurʼan under the assumption that the cultural distance between the source and target language is accommodated according to various translation strategies. What is the relationship between religious text, especially holy text that is at the center of faith and doctrine, and the act of translation? As any religion has its own cultural background, it will encounter different linguistic and cultural contexts from those inherent within it, when it is exported from its birthplace to other places. Herein lies the problem of the translation of religious texts. Since any holy text is written in an individual language, its translation into a foreign language may incur the risk of losing its original ʻholy meaning”. Specifically, “the holy resists translation” (Long 2005: 1). From such perspective, the problem regarding the translation of religious texts occupies an important place if we seek to understand the limits of translatability. In Islam, the Qurʼan is considered to be an “inimitable” text; only the Qurʼan in Arabic deserves to be named a sacred text, and any Qurʼan that is translated into languages other than Arabic is merely an explanation or commentary; basically, it is not the Qurʼan. As a result, there have been very few translation studies on Qurʼanic text. According to Abdul-Raof, “[t]he problem of Qurʼan untranslatability has always been dealt with from a theological and historical point of view” and “there is no study available today that accounts for the problem of untranslatability of the Qurʼan from linguistic and applied translation studies (Abdul-Raof 2001: 1). El-Hadary critically examined the concept of “equivalence”, advocated by E. Nida, between original text and target text, and discussed various questions about the “untranslatability” of the Qurʼan from the viewpoint of linguistic theory (El-Hadary 2009). Thus, translation studies about the Qurʼan have really only just begun. In fact, both Abdul-Raof and El Hadary deal only with the translation from Arabic to English. In this paper, I would like to go one step further in the Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 60 (2019), pp.39-49. C Hitotsubashi University","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125118424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A survey of nineteenth-century concert programmes would astound many people for various reasons. First, the length of each event is difficult to imagine for modern concertgoers. It was not unusual for a concert to last three or four hours. As the century progressed, the number of performed pieces per concert was reduced and concerts were shortened; this trend was already perceptible by the middle of the century (Schwab 1971: 15). However, nineteenthcentury concerts in general were still longer than most in the twenty-first century in Japan, where we are accustomed to events lasting from 7‒9 pm. Today, for example, most Japanese music admirers would be surprised at the length of events such as a concert programmed by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770‒1827) on 2 April 1800 that featured seven works, including a symphony of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756‒91) and one of Beethoven (the premiere of his first symphony). The constitution of a concert series at the Music Academy in Berne in 1803 shows that some restriction was necessary to stop concerts from becoming excessively long.
{"title":"Weber's Konzertstück op. 79, or Programming Piano Concertos in Early-nineteenth Century Concerts (The Birth of the Piano Concerto, Chapter 5)","authors":"Shinji Koiwa","doi":"10.15057/30924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/30924","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of nineteenth-century concert programmes would astound many people for various reasons. First, the length of each event is difficult to imagine for modern concertgoers. It was not unusual for a concert to last three or four hours. As the century progressed, the number of performed pieces per concert was reduced and concerts were shortened; this trend was already perceptible by the middle of the century (Schwab 1971: 15). However, nineteenthcentury concerts in general were still longer than most in the twenty-first century in Japan, where we are accustomed to events lasting from 7‒9 pm. Today, for example, most Japanese music admirers would be surprised at the length of events such as a concert programmed by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770‒1827) on 2 April 1800 that featured seven works, including a symphony of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756‒91) and one of Beethoven (the premiere of his first symphony). The constitution of a concert series at the Music Academy in Berne in 1803 shows that some restriction was necessary to stop concerts from becoming excessively long.","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129840410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Transition of the Monk's Dance (Sŭngmu) from Ritual Dance to Folk Art in Modern Korea to 1945","authors":"Yeounsuk Lee","doi":"10.15057/30923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/30923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133408745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Von einem jungen Japaner: Toshio Morikawa - Thomas Mann Briefwechsel (1)","authors":"I. Ogata","doi":"10.15057/30922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/30922","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131647519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die universitären Aufnahmeprüfungen in Japan sind high-stakes-Tests, deren Ergebnis einen starken Einfluss auf die Karrieremöglichkeiten der Geprüften hat. Demensprechend generieren sie einen beobachtbaren Washback-Effekt. In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wird anhand von Fragebögen an drei japanischen Universitäten und einem Fokusgruppeninterview mit Studierenden untersucht, wie das Testlernen das Lernverhalten der Studierenden während der Oberschulzeit beeinflusst und geprägt hat.
{"title":"WELCHEN EINFLUSS HAT DAS LERNEN FÜR DIE UNIVERSITÄREN AUFNAHMEPRÜFUNGEN IN JAPAN AUF DIE LERNENDEN","authors":"R. Degen","doi":"10.15057/29742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/29742","url":null,"abstract":"Die universitären Aufnahmeprüfungen in Japan sind high-stakes-Tests, deren Ergebnis einen starken Einfluss auf die Karrieremöglichkeiten der Geprüften hat. Demensprechend generieren sie einen beobachtbaren Washback-Effekt. In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wird anhand von Fragebögen an drei japanischen Universitäten und einem Fokusgruppeninterview mit Studierenden untersucht, wie das Testlernen das Lernverhalten der Studierenden während der Oberschulzeit beeinflusst und geprägt hat.","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TENSE-ASPECT SYSTEM BETWEEN JAPANESE AND ENGLISH: A FOUNDATION FOR A PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR OF JAPANESE USING LEARNERSʼ KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR MOTHER TONGUES","authors":"I. Iori","doi":"10.15057/29741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/29741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125538416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"VIELSCHICHTIGE IRONISIERUNG DER ERZÄHLERREDE IN DER ZAUBERBERG : EINE REAKTION AUF DAS MODERNE-BEWUSSTSEIN BEI THOMAS MANN","authors":"I. Ogata","doi":"10.15057/28992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/28992","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122007104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When Arthur Goldenʼs novel Memoirs of a Geisha was published in 1997, it became an overnight success. It stayed on the New York Times bestseller list for more than a year (Smith), and had sold four million copies in English and had been translated into 32 languages by June 2001 (Sims). The novel received critical acclaim worldwide, and inspired a successful eponymous Hollywood film released in 2005, whose worldwide box office sales amounted to 161.5 million USD (The Numbers). Goldenʼs tale of Sayuri, who is sold to a geisha house at a young age, but who overcomes all obstacles, becomes a star geisha, and wins an extramarital partnership with the man she has loved since girlhood, has been applauded by readers from different parts of the world. However, the authenticity of the presentations of Japanese culture as well as geisha culture in the novel has been questioned. Scholars and journalists alike have commented that Golden has had three barriers to overcome in writing the novel. Dinitia Smith observes:
{"title":"READING FICTION FOR WHAT IT IS: IDEOLOGIES VS PLOT DEVICES IN ARTHUR GOLDENʼS MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA","authors":"Marie Orise","doi":"10.15057/28990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/28990","url":null,"abstract":"When Arthur Goldenʼs novel Memoirs of a Geisha was published in 1997, it became an overnight success. It stayed on the New York Times bestseller list for more than a year (Smith), and had sold four million copies in English and had been translated into 32 languages by June 2001 (Sims). The novel received critical acclaim worldwide, and inspired a successful eponymous Hollywood film released in 2005, whose worldwide box office sales amounted to 161.5 million USD (The Numbers). Goldenʼs tale of Sayuri, who is sold to a geisha house at a young age, but who overcomes all obstacles, becomes a star geisha, and wins an extramarital partnership with the man she has loved since girlhood, has been applauded by readers from different parts of the world. However, the authenticity of the presentations of Japanese culture as well as geisha culture in the novel has been questioned. Scholars and journalists alike have commented that Golden has had three barriers to overcome in writing the novel. Dinitia Smith observes:","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the level of technology increases, an increasing number of U.S. and U.K. universities are incorporating Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) into their curricula. This study investigates the potential value of an online vocabulary learning system called Memrise for memory retention and the learning of difficult, foreign vocabulary. To determine the potential value, twenty-six undergraduate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in a TOEFL iBT preparation course were requested to study the 400 Words of TOEFL data set on Memrise. Fifty-one most incorrectly identified words were categorized according to accuracy, and frequency. An average acquisition accuracy rate of above 75% was obtained for the majority of difficult foreign words. Although longer foreign words tended to be harder to memorize than shorter foreign words, shorter, obscure foreign words tended to be equally challenging for students. This suggest that both word length and prior language experience has an effect on memory retention. Overall, repeated exposure of difficult foreign words through spaced intervals seemed to aid memory retention and vocabulary acquisition highlighting the value of using Memrise for vocabulary learning.
{"title":"VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING","authors":"Tomonori Ono","doi":"10.15057/28989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/28989","url":null,"abstract":"As the level of technology increases, an increasing number of U.S. and U.K. universities are incorporating Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) into their curricula. This study investigates the potential value of an online vocabulary learning system called Memrise for memory retention and the learning of difficult, foreign vocabulary. To determine the potential value, twenty-six undergraduate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in a TOEFL iBT preparation course were requested to study the 400 Words of TOEFL data set on Memrise. Fifty-one most incorrectly identified words were categorized according to accuracy, and frequency. An average acquisition accuracy rate of above 75% was obtained for the majority of difficult foreign words. Although longer foreign words tended to be harder to memorize than shorter foreign words, shorter, obscure foreign words tended to be equally challenging for students. This suggest that both word length and prior language experience has an effect on memory retention. Overall, repeated exposure of difficult foreign words through spaced intervals seemed to aid memory retention and vocabulary acquisition highlighting the value of using Memrise for vocabulary learning.","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122806022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"А.М. КОНЕЧНЫЙ И НОВЫЙ ЭТАП В ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ИСТОРИИ КУЛЬТУРЫ И ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЙ ЖИЗНИ СТАРОГО ПЕТЕРБУРГА ̶ ≪РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ≫ НАРОДНЫХ ГУЛЯНИЙ ДОРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОЙ РОССИИ","authors":"Токуаки Баннай","doi":"10.15057/28988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/28988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265291,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of arts and sciences","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133320357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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