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Sino-Indian Rivalry: Sri Lanka 中印竞争:斯里兰卡
Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-4(6)-126-137
E. S. Alikberov, A. R. Alikberova, V. A. Letiaev
The article is devoted to Sri Lanka, one of the zones of strategic interests of China and India. Both Asian states are forming new consumer markets, building new sea corridors, and in the busiest maritime trade corridor in the world – the Indian Ocean, their competition for control over key transport arteries is becoming more and more evident. In the current conditions, the value of control over logistics is determined not so much by the volume of trade and benefits, as by the ability to consistently generate added value. Thus, Sri Lanka, being at the center of the strategic priorities of India and China in South Asia, turns into a zone of vital interests of the two Asian dominant forces. The study shows the weaknesses and strengths of Sri Lanka, which can affect the further balance of relations between the three states.
这篇文章专门讨论斯里兰卡,中国和印度的战略利益区域之一。这两个亚洲国家都在形成新的消费市场,建设新的海上走廊,在世界上最繁忙的海上贸易走廊——印度洋,它们对关键交通要道控制权的竞争正变得越来越明显。在目前的条件下,控制物流的价值与其说是由贸易量和利益决定的,不如说是由持续创造附加值的能力决定的。因此,斯里兰卡作为印度和中国在南亚战略重点的中心,成为两大亚洲主导力量的重要利益区域。该研究显示了斯里兰卡的弱点和优势,这可以影响三国关系的进一步平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Silinskaya Volost of the Simbirsk Volga Region: Discourse Analysis of Life Ways and Spiritual and Cultural Practices of the Population 辛比尔斯克伏尔加河地区的Silinskaya Volost:人口生活方式和精神文化实践的话语分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-4(6)-110-123
I. G. Kildyushkina, A. Yakovleva
The article presents a number of unknown facts from the history of the Simbirsk Volga region in the second half of the 19th century. They make it possible to show the origin and development of historical and cultural processes in the Silinsky volost of the Ardatovsky district. The features of the geographical location and climatic conditions of the territory, the occupations of the local population (gardening, horticulture, beekeeping, industry, handicrafts, other crafts, etc.) are shown. Attention is focused on the welfare and health of peasants, their poll - tax, redemption funds, payments and other expenses connected with household life, habits, including deviant behavior, are considered. The spiritual and moral practices that existed in the province, Christian beliefs and rituals of observing ancient customs during wedding ceremonies, burials, rituals to combat epidemics, which remain outside the field of view of the scientific community, are presented.
这篇文章介绍了19世纪下半叶辛比尔斯克伏尔加河地区历史上一些不为人知的事实。它们可以展示阿尔达托夫斯基地区的西林斯基volost的历史和文化进程的起源和发展。展示了该领土的地理位置和气候条件的特点,以及当地人口的职业(园艺、园艺、养蜂、工业、手工艺品、其他手工艺品等)。关注农民的福利和健康,考虑他们的人头税、赎回基金、支付和其他与家庭生活有关的费用、习惯,包括越轨行为。介绍了该省存在的精神和道德习俗、基督教信仰以及在婚礼、葬礼和防治流行病的仪式中遵守古代习俗的仪式,这些仍然在科学界的视野之外。
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引用次数: 0
The Turkic Factor as a Component of International Relations in Central Asia: the «Turkic World» Construct 作为中亚国际关系组成部分的突厥因素:“突厥世界”的建构
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-4(6)-50-59
R. N. Nadyrov
The article examines the first years of interstate interaction of the Turkicspeaking states of Central Asia through the prism of constructivism. The evolution of the “Turkic World” construct is traced from the ideas firstly proposed by N.A. Nazarbayev and T. Ozal to the decision to establish a secretariat for meetings of Heads of States. The role of the Turkic factor as a component of regional international relations is revealed. The results of the study indicate the possibility of implementing integration projects in the international political sphere within the framework of the constructivism paradigm, where not only the construct, but also its institutionalizing foundation exist due to the fact that individuals agree to observe conditional rules and to act as if that rules exist, while historically established connections are not an absolutely necessary component of such integration. At the same time, the Turkic factor in Central Asia can be considered as one of the institutionalizing components for regional international relations.
本文通过建构主义的棱镜考察了中亚突厥语国家间交往的最初几年。“突厥世界”结构的演变可以追溯到纳扎尔巴耶夫和奥扎尔首先提出的想法,以及建立国家元首会议秘书处的决定。揭示了突厥因素作为区域国际关系组成部分的作用。研究结果表明,在建构主义范式的框架内,在国际政治领域实施一体化项目的可能性,其中不仅存在结构,而且存在其制度化基础,因为个人同意遵守条件规则并按照规则存在的方式行事,而历史上建立的联系并不是这种一体化的绝对必要组成部分。与此同时,中亚的突厥因素可以被视为区域国际关系的制度化组成部分之一。
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引用次数: 0
Actualization of Western Hegemonic Concepts and Ways of Their Implementation: on the Issue of the Policy of “Double Standards” of Western Countries 西方霸权观念的实现及其实现途径——论西方国家的“双重标准”政策问题
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-4(6)-20-32
V. Gasumyanov
The article analyzes historical examples of the XX–XXI centuries, showing inconsistent, contradictory foreign policy of “double standards” of Western countries. The sources of such a policy are: a) the dominance of their own economic and geopolitical interests over the interests of small and medium-sized countries of less economically developed societies; b) reproducing colonial thinking and concepts of hegemonism, which currently determine the political decisions of Western countries; c) attempts to return the world to a unipolar model, putting in economic and military-political dependence on other countries. The example of the “US National Security Strategy” shows how these policies are manifested and consolidated in state strategic documents.
文章分析了二十世纪至二十一世纪的历史实例,揭示了西方国家“双重标准”外交政策的不一致性和矛盾性。这种政策的根源是:a)本国的经济和地缘政治利益凌驾于经济欠发达社会的中小国家的利益之上;b)复制殖民主义思维和霸权主义观念,这些观念目前决定着西方国家的政治决策;C)试图让世界回到单极模式,在经济和军事政治上依赖其他国家。“美国国家安全战略”的例子说明了这些政策是如何在国家战略文件中体现和巩固的。
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引用次数: 0
Central Asia and China: Main Aspects and Directions of Interaction in Modern Realities 中亚与中国:现代现实中相互作用的主要方面和方向
Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-4(6)-33-49
N. S. Usupova
The article attempts to determine the significance for China of intensifying its relations with the countries of the Central Asian region, primarily those bordering it – with Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. For the countries of Central Asia, cooperation with China is essential for their development. The author comes to the conclusion that the priorities of China’s policy in Central Asia are the support of stability, security, as well as the access on a mutually beneficial basis to Central Asian energy resources and the further development of economic ties. In the sphere of economic cooperation, the investment activity of China in the region is considered. The cultural and humanitarian aspect of cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and China is also highlighted: this is the cooperation of regions, educational institutions, the media, art groups, interaction in the field of science, technology, medicine, tourism, etc.
本文试图确定中国加强与中亚地区国家(主要是与之接壤的国家——吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦)关系的意义。对中亚国家来说,同中国合作是发展的根本。文章认为,中国对中亚政策的重点是维护中亚的稳定与安全,以及在互利的基础上获得中亚的能源资源和进一步发展经济关系。在经济合作领域,考虑了中国在本地区的投资活动。会议还强调了中亚国家与中国在文化和人文方面的合作,即地区、教育机构、媒体、艺术团体的合作,以及在科学、技术、医药、旅游等领域的互动。
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引用次数: 0
The Russian Globalization Project in the XX Century. Anatomy of a Military-Political Strategy 20世纪的俄罗斯全球化计划。军事-政治战略剖析
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-3(5)-122-149
P. P. Skorospelov
   The article discusses the main components of the military-political strategy of Russia in the «short» 20th century – from 1900 to 1991. Special attention is paid to how the foreign policy and the use of Armed Forces were planned. Reconstructing the intellectual ideas that created the framework of the foreign and military policy of the Russian state at that time, the author focuses on the elements that unite the leaders of Russia of the 20th century from Nikolai Romanov to Mikhail Gorbachev. Such issues as the «globalization» of the USSR in world affairs, relations with neighboring Asian centers of power, such as China and Iran, the sphere of «special state interests» of the USSR in Eastern Europe are discussed in the work. The evolution of Russian military strategy in the 20th century is studied: from betting on victory in the World War in the first half of the century to focusing on the actions of expeditionary groups during the Cold War. The article analyzes in detail the strategic deterrence measures carried out by the Armed Forces of the USSR in the 1950-1970. The issue of the resources of military-political strategy is considered separately.
文章论述了俄罗斯在“短”20世纪(1900年至1991年)军事政治战略的主要组成部分。特别注意的是外交政策和武装部队的使用是如何计划的。作者重新构建了当时俄罗斯国家外交和军事政策框架的思想思想,重点关注了从尼古拉·罗曼诺夫到米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫等20世纪俄罗斯领导人团结起来的因素。本书讨论了苏联在世界事务中的“全球化”、与中国和伊朗等亚洲邻国权力中心的关系、苏联在东欧的“特殊国家利益”范围等问题。本文研究了俄罗斯军事战略在20世纪的演变:从20世纪上半叶对世界大战胜利的押注到冷战时期对远征军行动的关注。文章详细分析了1950-1970年苏联武装力量实施的战略威慑措施。军事-政治战略的资源问题是单独考虑的。
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引用次数: 0
Universality of the «Elightenment Project» for the West and the East 西方和东方“启蒙工程”的普遍性
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-3(5)-171-195
A. Yakovlev
   The article is devoted to the problem of the emergence and disclosure of the potential of modern industrial society as the implementation of the European «Enlightenment project» in the XVIII-XX centuries. The main principles and stages of the formation of an integral ideological and political system, which served as the ideological basis for the emergence of a model of modern industrial society in Western European countries, and in the future - the spread of this model around the world as a normative one, are shown. At the same time, by the end of the 20th century, the universality of the “Enlightenment project" gradually raised doubts in non-Western societies that did not experience the fundamental upheavals of the Reformation and bourgeois revolutions, but remained faithful to the original foundations of their civilizations. In turn, in the Western «core» of modern society, the potential of the «Enlightenment project» was completed, during which its ideals came into conflict with its principles. In the 21st century, the development of a new project that meets the conditions of the technological revolution and the features of a multipolar world system becomes an urgent task.
本文致力于探讨现代工业社会作为18 - 20世纪欧洲“启蒙计划”的实施的潜力的出现和揭示的问题。本文展示了一个完整的意识形态和政治体系形成的主要原则和阶段,该体系是西欧国家现代工业社会模式出现的意识形态基础,并在未来作为一种规范的模式在世界范围内传播。与此同时,到20世纪末,“启蒙工程”的普遍性逐渐引起了非西方社会的怀疑,这些社会没有经历宗教改革和资产阶级革命的根本动荡,但仍忠于其文明的原始基础。反过来,在现代社会的西方“核心”,“启蒙工程”的潜力得到了完成,在此期间,它的理想与其原则发生了冲突。在21世纪,制定一项符合技术革命条件和多极世界体系特点的新计划成为一项紧迫任务。
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引用次数: 0
State Policy on Railway Transport of Late 2019 – Early 2022: Challenges for Sustainability and Stability 2019年末至2022年初国家铁路运输政策:可持续性和稳定性的挑战
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-3(5)-198-207
G. D. Tcheremin
The article deals with the problems of state policy in the field of railway transport. Are analyzed two approaches to the state policy in the field of railway transport, the forms of ownership in the situation of sanctions on railway transport and competitors close to it – first of all, this is the aviation transport. The question is about the effectiveness of public policy to achieve the stability and sustainability of transport. The article analyzes the goals, implementation, and effectiveness of the state policy in the field of railway transport from the end of 2019 to the beginning of 2022 under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions. The question of the role of ideology in the formation of the concept of public policy and the ways of its implementation is raised. The role of the driver, conductor and police for security on the territory of transport, including in the conditions of a pandemic, is being studied. A comparative analysis of the goals of state programs is carried out.
本文论述了铁路运输领域的国家政策问题。分析了国家在铁路运输领域的两种政策途径、所有制形式在制裁铁路运输的情况下以及与之接近的竞争对手——首先,这就是航空运输。这个问题是关于公共政策在实现交通的稳定性和可持续性方面的有效性。本文分析了2019年底至2022年初,在新冠肺炎疫情和制裁的影响下,铁路运输领域国家政策的目标、实施情况和有效性。提出了意识形态在公共政策观念形成及其实施方式中的作用问题。目前正在研究司机、售票员和警察在运输领域的安全作用,包括在大流行情况下的作用。对国家计划的目标进行了比较分析。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of Dependent Communication Regime of Ukraine: United States Impact 乌克兰依赖通讯制度的形成:美国的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-3(5)-108-119
Yu. P. Tikhonov
   The article is devoted to the issues of the influence of external actors on country communication modes and their dependence as the result. This influence is a consequence of the unsettled global communication, which allows hegemons to influence states and country communication modes in the field of information and communication exchange. The communication regime of Ukraine, which was not previously the subject of scientific research, and its formation under the influence of external actors are of particular importance in the context of the current geopolitical situation. Based on the designed system criteria of dependence of the communication mode, which include the commonality of the past and its influence on the modern structure of communication, the language of communication (actual and official), the presence of preferences / restrictions on the activities of communication channels, the participation of foreign actors in rulemaking, the development of strategies in the field of information and communication exchange, dependence on external decision-making centers, communication coverage (territory control, broadcast to the whole territory), investments and financing of the communication sphere, ownership of communication media, the author analyzes the impact of the United States on the communication regime of Ukraine. The influence revealed as a result testifies not only to the dependence of the communication regime, but also in the context of the current conjuncture of international relations allows us to judge the fragmentation of the communication regime of Ukraine under the influence of external actors, which in the future will not contribute to the formation of a single stable information and communication space in Ukraine.
本文探讨了外部行为体对国家传播模式的影响及其依赖性问题。这种影响是不稳定的全球传播的结果,它允许霸权国家在信息和通信交流领域影响国家和国家的传播方式。乌克兰的通讯制度以前不是科学研究的对象,它是在外部行动者的影响下形成的,在当前地缘政治局势的背景下特别重要。根据所设计的传播模式依赖的系统标准,包括过去的共性及其对现代传播结构的影响、传播语言(实际的和官方的)、对传播渠道活动的偏好/限制、外国行为者参与规则制定、信息和传播交流领域战略的制定,对外部决策中心的依赖、通信覆盖(领土控制、向全境广播)、通信领域的投资和融资、通信媒体的所有权,作者分析了美国对乌克兰通信制度的影响。结果显示的影响不仅证明了传播制度的依赖性,而且在当前国际关系危急的背景下,使我们能够判断乌克兰的传播制度在外部行动者的影响下是支离破碎的,这在未来将无助于在乌克兰形成一个单一的稳定的信息和传播空间。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of the Migration Legislation of Russia, Germany and Switzerland 俄罗斯、德国和瑞士移民立法比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.53658/rw2022-2-3(5)-208-225
E. V. Dumina, S. A. Tyulyakova
   The article reveals the peculiarities of national legislation in the sphere of migration in Russia, Germany and Switzerland. These countries are very attractive for migrants within their regions, so the topic of improving legislation is relevant for all of them. A comparative analysis of a number of norms has been carried out, the results of which demonstrate the most effective methods and approaches of working with migrants: protection of their rights, adaptation measures, modes of stay of citizens on the territory of the country. Based on the data obtained, recommendations for changing the national migration policy are proposed.
本文揭示了俄罗斯、德国和瑞士在移民领域的国家立法的特点。这些国家对其区域内的移民非常有吸引力,因此改善立法的主题与所有这些国家都相关。对若干规范进行了比较分析,其结果表明了处理移徙者的最有效方法和途径:保护其权利、适应措施、公民在该国领土上的停留方式。根据获得的数据,提出了改变国家移民政策的建议。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue
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