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2013 14th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE)最新文献

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A multiscale model derivation and simulation tool for MEMS arrays 微机电系统阵列的多尺度模型推导与仿真工具
Bin Yang, W. Belkhir, M. Lenczner, N. Ratier
We introduce a framework for computer-aided derivation of multi-scale models dedicated to arrays of microsystems. It relies on a combination of a asymptotic methods used in the field of partial differential equations with term rewriting techniques coming from computer science. In our approach, a multi-scale model derivation is characterized by the features taken into account in the asymptotic analyses. Its formulation consists in a derivation of a reference model associated to an elementary nominal model, and in a set of transformations to apply to this proof until it takes into account the wanted features. In addition to the reference model proof, the framework includes first order rewriting principles designed for asymptotic model derivations, and second order rewriting principles dedicated to transformations of model derivations. We apply the method to generate a family of homogenized models for second order elliptic equations with periodic coefficients that could be posed in multi-dimensional domains, with possibly multi-domains and/or thin domains. The transfer of asymptotic models into a finite element software package is illustrated through an example of a model of periodic cantilever arrays.
我们介绍了一个框架,用于计算机辅助推导专用于微系统阵列的多尺度模型。它依赖于在偏微分方程领域中使用的渐近方法与来自计算机科学的项重写技术的结合。在我们的方法中,多尺度模型推导的特征是在渐近分析中考虑的特征。它的表述包括一个与基本名义模型相关的参考模型的推导,以及一组应用于该证明的转换,直到它考虑到所需的特征。除了参考模型证明外,该框架还包括用于渐近模型推导的一阶重写原理和用于模型推导变换的二阶重写原理。我们应用该方法生成了一组具有周期系数的二阶椭圆方程的均质化模型,这些方程可以在多维域(可能是多域和/或薄域)中被提出。通过一个周期悬臂阵列模型的实例,说明了渐近模型在有限元软件包中的转换。
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引用次数: 2
Simulation and measurement of the solder bumps with a plastic core 带塑芯焊料凸点的模拟与测量
J. Schlobohm, K. Weide-Zaage, R. Rongen, F. Voogt, R. Roucou
With the aim to miniaturize and to reduce the cost, the increasing demand, regarding to advanced 3D-packages as well as high performance applications, accelerates the development of 3D-silicon integrated circuits. The trend to smaller and lighter electronics has highlighted many efforts towards size reduction and increased performance in electronic products. RF performances are limited by parasitic effects due to the RLC network between the wirebond from the dies to the leadframe. The use of flip-chip bonding technology for very fine pitch packaging allows high integration and limits parasitic inductances. Electromigration (EM) and thermomigration (TM) may have serious reliability issues for fine-pitch Pb-free solder bumps in the flip-chip technology used in consumer electronic products. A possibility to extend the reliability is the use of plastic ball in the solder bumps. Bumps containing a plastic solder balls have an excellent reliability. Using a plastic ball with a low Young modulus, the solder hardness is moderated and the stress on a ball is relaxed. Due to this the stress doesn't concentrate on the solder joint which prolongs the lifetime. In this investigation the thermal-electrical-mechanical influence of electromigration on bumps containing a plastic solder is investigated.
为了实现小型化和降低成本,对先进3d封装和高性能应用的需求不断增长,加速了3d硅集成电路的发展。电子产品小型化和轻量化的趋势凸显了电子产品在缩小尺寸和提高性能方面的许多努力。由于从模具到引线架的线键之间存在RLC网络,导致射频性能受到寄生效应的限制。使用倒装芯片键合技术进行极细间距封装,可以实现高集成度并限制寄生电感。在消费电子产品中使用的倒装芯片技术中,电迁移(EM)和热迁移(TM)可能存在严重的可靠性问题。延长可靠性的一种可能性是在焊料凸起处使用塑料球。含有塑料焊料球的凸起具有极好的可靠性。使用低杨氏模量的塑料球,焊料的硬度得到调节,球上的应力得到放松。因此,应力不会集中在焊点上,从而延长了使用寿命。在本研究中,电迁移对含有塑料焊料的凸起的热电机械影响进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Adhesion of printed circuit boards with bending and the effect of reflow cycles 印刷电路板的附着力与弯曲及回流循环的影响
Ronald Schongrundneri, M. Cordill, J. Berger, Hans-Peter KrUckli, Klaus Fellner, T. Krivec, Markus Kurz, P. Fuchs, Giinther A. Maierl
During manufacturing and use printed circuit boards (PCB) are subjected to different mechanical and thermal loads. These loads can cause the PCBs to develop a delamination between the insulating layers of pre-preg and conducting copper which can lead to failure of the entire electronic device. Therefore, it is critical to understand the delamination process and to know the adhesion strengths of the interfaces in a PCB to improve the device reliability. To evaluate the copper/pre-preg interface properties in PCBs a combination of experiments and modeling is used. The experimental characterization of interfacial adhesion strength was measured with a 4 point bending (4PB) technique. To find a context with application, the adhesion strength was determined as a function of reflow cycles. Finite element (FE) modeling was utilized to determine the optimum layer structure and the stiffness for the test specimens. In a second step, the FE model was used to study the influence of plastic deformation of the copper foils and the residual stresses developing during the reflow process on the adhesion strength. It could be shown that the calculated adhesion strength changed with the number of reflow cycles. The measured adhesion strengths were influenced by plastic deformation of the specimen and by residual stresses within the specimen.
印刷电路板(PCB)在制造和使用过程中要承受不同的机械和热负荷。这些负载可能导致pcb在预浸铜和导电铜的绝缘层之间产生分层,这可能导致整个电子设备的故障。因此,了解分层过程和PCB中接口的粘附强度对于提高器件可靠性至关重要。为了评估pcb中铜/预浸料的界面特性,采用了实验和建模相结合的方法。采用4点弯曲(4PB)技术测量了界面粘附强度的实验表征。为了找到与应用的上下文,粘附强度被确定为回流循环的函数。利用有限元模型确定了试件的最佳层状结构和刚度。第二步,利用有限元模型研究了铜箔的塑性变形和回流过程中产生的残余应力对粘接强度的影响。结果表明,计算得到的粘接强度随回流循环次数的变化而变化。试样的塑性变形和试样内部的残余应力影响了所测得的粘接强度。
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引用次数: 1
Electro-thermal modeling to quantify the electrothermal impact of the solder joint delamination on power device assemblies 电热建模,量化焊点分层对电源器件组件的电热影响
T. Azoui, E. Marcault, P. Tounsi, J. Massol, J. Dorkel, P. Dupuy
This paper presents the use of 3D transient electrothermal modeling methodology to investigate the effects of delamination on power MOSFET with SnPb soldering when a charge short-circuit occurs. The results given by electro-thermal simulations allow the study of phenomena difficult to capture experimentally, like focalization of the temperature and current densities due to the structure topology and resistivity variation. The use of sintered silver instead of SnPb could reduce the delamination extension, but it gives also improvements in terms of thermal and electrical resistivities. These latest improvements are quantified in this paper.
本文采用三维瞬态电热建模方法,研究了当发生电荷短路时,分层对带有SnPb焊接的功率MOSFET的影响。电热模拟的结果允许研究难以通过实验捕获的现象,如由于结构拓扑和电阻率变化而引起的温度和电流密度的聚焦。使用烧结银代替SnPb可以减少分层延伸,但它也提供了热电阻率和电阻率方面的改进。本文对这些最新的改进进行了量化。
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引用次数: 0
Bonding wire life prediction model of the power module under power cycling test 功率循环试验下电源模块键合线寿命预测模型
T. Hung, Chin-Chun Wang, K. Chiang
Power modules have been applied in various electrical products, such as power supplies, AC/DC converters, and hybrid vehicles. During power cycling tests, the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch (CTE) between the wire and chip may cause wire liftoff. This research aims to develop an approach for wire reliability assessment. A 3-D finite element (FE) model was established based on real test samples. Coupled electro-thermal and thermal-mechanical FE analyses were conducted to analyze the mechanical behavior of bonding wire under cyclic power loading. The temperature predicted by the FE analyses was consistent with the experimental data. Incremental plastic strain was not observed when the current loading was low. The concept of high cycle fatigue should be incorporated into the life prediction model for modules subjected to low current loadings. After the simulation results were validated with the experimental data, a model for the design of power modules was proposed.
电源模块已广泛应用于各种电器产品,如电源、AC/DC转换器、混合动力汽车等。在电源循环测试过程中,导线与芯片之间的热膨胀不匹配系数(CTE)可能导致导线脱落。本研究旨在发展一种导线可靠性评估方法。以实际试验样品为基础,建立了三维有限元模型。采用电-热耦合有限元分析和热-力耦合有限元分析方法,分析了复合焊线在循环电力载荷作用下的力学行为。有限元分析预测的温度与实验数据吻合较好。当电流加载较低时,没有观察到增量塑性应变。应将高周疲劳的概念纳入小电流载荷下模块的寿命预测模型中。将仿真结果与实验数据进行验证后,提出了功率模块的设计模型。
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引用次数: 11
Stress impact of moisture diffusion measured with the stress chip 用应力片测量水分扩散的应力影响
F. Schindler-Saefkow, F. Rost, A. Otto, R. Pantou, R. Mrossko, B. Wunderle, B. Michel, S. Rzepka, J. Keller
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引用次数: 10
Reliability issues for high temperature interconnections based on transient liquid phase soldering 基于瞬态液相焊接的高温互连可靠性问题
R. Dudek, P. Sommer, A. Fix, S. Rzepka, B. Michel
New high temperature interconnection technologies emerge because of the need for electronics use at temperatures beyond 150°C. Transient liquid phase (TLP) soldering is one option with the advantage of processing conditions being close to those for conventional soldering. In the Cu-Sn system addressed in the paper, a high post-processed melting point of the solder interconnects is achieved due to the formation of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMC). A specific low melting solder paste under development can be used if applications for both power and logic electronics are addressed. To accelerate the development of IMCs in thicker solder layers, metallic particles are embedded in the solder paste. New challenges concerning the thermo-mechanical reliability of these devices arise as the material properties of the IMC interconnect differ substantially from those known for soft solders. Based on material characterization of pure IMC effective material characteristics of the TLP joint, consisting of a mixture of different constituents, have been derived based on a micromechanical model. Due to the change in material stiffness and strongly decreasing ductility of the joining material, the potential failure modes of an assembly made by TLP soldering change. The new thermo- mechanical failure risks are evaluated for a power module, an IGBT on DCB substrate, by both conventional FEA and cohesive zone modelling.
由于需要在150°C以上的温度下使用电子产品,新的高温互连技术应运而生。瞬态液相(TLP)焊接是一种选择,其优点是加工条件接近传统焊接。在本文所述的Cu-Sn体系中,由于Cu6Sn5和Cu3Sn金属间化合物(IMC)的形成,焊料互连的后处理熔点很高。一种特殊的低熔点锡膏正在开发中,可以用于电力和逻辑电子的应用。为了在较厚的焊料层中加速imc的发展,金属颗粒被嵌入到锡膏中。由于IMC互连的材料特性与软焊料的材料特性存在很大差异,因此出现了有关这些器件的热机械可靠性的新挑战。在纯IMC材料表征的基础上,基于微观力学模型推导了由不同成分混合组成的TLP接头的有效材料特性。由于材料刚度的变化和连接材料延展性的强烈下降,TLP焊接组件的潜在失效模式发生了变化。采用传统有限元分析和内聚区建模方法,对DCB基板上的IGBT电源模块进行了新型热机械失效风险评估。
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引用次数: 17
On the thermo-mechanical modelling of a ball bonding process with ultrasonic softening 超声软化球粘接过程的热-力学建模
A. Wright, S. Koffel, P. Pichler, H. Enichlmair, R. Minixhofer, E. Wachmann
For an assessment of the stresses occurring during ball bonding of high-voltage CMOS chips in a structure comprising a thin and a thick silicon dioxide layer below the bonding pad, a dynamic model of the process was set up and the materials parameters were calibrated. For a realistic result of the deformation of the bonding ball during the ultrasonic stage, up to 60 ultrasonic cycles were simulated. To reproduce the final height of the bonding ball, dynamically increased friction between the ball and the bonding pad as well as ultrasonic softening of the metals within the model had to be taken into account. For a more sensitive prediction of failure, the conventional failure criterion based on the ultimate tensile strength of brittle materials was complemented by an additional criterion suggested by Christensen which takes the combined effects of perpendicular tensile and compressive principle stresses into account. This yielded a prediction of earlier failure for the thinner oxide layer while no failure was predicted for the thick isolation oxide layer.
为了评估高压CMOS芯片在键合垫下由薄层和厚层二氧化硅组成的结构中球键合过程中的应力,建立了该过程的动态模型并校准了材料参数。为了获得超声阶段粘接球变形的真实结果,模拟了多达60次的超声循环。为了重现粘接球的最终高度,必须考虑到粘接球和粘接垫之间动态增加的摩擦以及模型内金属的超声波软化。为了更灵敏地预测破坏,传统的基于脆性材料极限抗拉强度的破坏准则被Christensen提出的附加准则所补充,该准则考虑了垂直拉伸和压缩原理应力的综合影响。这产生了较薄的氧化层较早失效的预测,而厚的隔离氧化层没有失效的预测。
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引用次数: 7
Transient thermal response as failure analytical tool - A comparison of different techniques 作为失效分析工具的瞬态热响应。不同技术的比较
D. May, B. Wunderle, R. Schacht, B. Michel
New packaging technologies are necessary to meet the demand for smaller and more reliable electronic devices. The so-called system-in-package (SiP) concept brings different technologies, material combinations and processes together in one package. To ensure the reliability of such a package reliable, fast and non-destructive failure analysis are needed.
为了满足更小、更可靠的电子设备的需求,新的封装技术是必要的。所谓的系统封装(SiP)概念将不同的技术、材料组合和工艺整合到一个封装中。为了保证这种封装的可靠性,需要对其进行可靠、快速、无损的失效分析。
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引用次数: 14
Account of the package features in modelling of thermal microsensors 热微传感器建模中封装特性的说明
A. Kozlov, D. Randjelović
This paper presents the procedure for taking into account the packaging features in the analytical modelling of thermal microsensors. The case of sensor mounted in the standard packaging is considered. In such configuration, the active domain in which basic thermal processes take place is marked out. This domain includes the thermally isolated structure and the air gaps above and below this structure. It is substituted by the equivalent domain which is divided into some rectangular regions with homogeneous parameters. The temperature distribution in these regions is obtained using the Fourier method. The parameters characterising thermal conduction processes between adjacent regions are found using adjoint boundary conditions. Based on the presented model the temperature distribution in the chosen thermal microsensor was calculated and the dependence of the hot thermopile junctions temperature on the air gap between the top surface of the sensor structure and housing cover was determined. The dependencies of the heat flows in the structure of the thermal microsensor on the size of the air gap were also studied.
本文提出了在热微传感器的分析建模中考虑封装特性的方法。考虑了传感器安装在标准封装中的情况。在这种结构中,基本热过程发生的活跃区域被标记出来。这一区域包括热隔离结构及其上下的气隙。用等效域代替,等效域被划分为若干参数齐次的矩形区域。利用傅里叶方法得到了这些区域的温度分布。利用伴随边界条件求出了表征相邻区域间热传导过程的参数。基于该模型计算了所选热微传感器内部的温度分布,并确定了热电堆结温度与传感器结构顶表面与壳体盖之间气隙的关系。研究了热微传感器结构中的热流与气隙大小的关系。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2013 14th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE)
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