Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4632992
Jia-Shiang Fu, Xinen Zhu, J. Phillips, A. Mortazawi
A general purpose impedance tuner is proposed for adaptive matching applications to compensate the impedance variations of devices such as antennas or power amplifiers. The impedance tuner, composed of a phase shifter and a variable transformer, is designed based on all-pass networks. Thin-film barium-strontium titanate (BST) parallel-plate capacitors fabricated on sapphire are used as the tuning elements. The impedance tuner is completed by mounting chip inductors and blocking capacitors on the same substrate. On-wafer measurement results show that, at 1.8 GHz, impedance transformation ratio of 4 can be achieved and the dissipation loss for all biasing voltages (0 to 18 V) is less than 5.5 dB.
{"title":"A ferroelectric-based impedance tuner for adaptive matching applications","authors":"Jia-Shiang Fu, Xinen Zhu, J. Phillips, A. Mortazawi","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4632992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4632992","url":null,"abstract":"A general purpose impedance tuner is proposed for adaptive matching applications to compensate the impedance variations of devices such as antennas or power amplifiers. The impedance tuner, composed of a phase shifter and a variable transformer, is designed based on all-pass networks. Thin-film barium-strontium titanate (BST) parallel-plate capacitors fabricated on sapphire are used as the tuning elements. The impedance tuner is completed by mounting chip inductors and blocking capacitors on the same substrate. On-wafer measurement results show that, at 1.8 GHz, impedance transformation ratio of 4 can be achieved and the dissipation loss for all biasing voltages (0 to 18 V) is less than 5.5 dB.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114204105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633141
F. Medina, F. Mesa, R. Marqués
This work proposes a circuit model based explanation for the extraordinary transmission (ET) of light phenomenon studied in recent scientific literature [1], [2]. ET mainly stands for unexpected transmission of light through periodic arrays of subwavelength holes in a metal screen. The study of this phenomenon has attracted the attention of many scientists working in the fields of Optics and Condensed Matter Physics, giving place to some controversial explanations. The existence of surface plasmons supported by the metal/air interface at optical frequencies has been considered the underlying reason behind ET. Our contribution tries to offer a relatively simple explanation of ET based on conventional waveguide/transmission-line theory. It will be shown how this simplified microwave-engineering standpoint offers satisfactory explanation for most ET findings. Indeed, ET should be expected not only at optical frequencies but also at lower frequencies, when surface plasmons are not possible.
{"title":"Equivalent circuit model to explain extraordinary transmission","authors":"F. Medina, F. Mesa, R. Marqués","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633141","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a circuit model based explanation for the extraordinary transmission (ET) of light phenomenon studied in recent scientific literature [1], [2]. ET mainly stands for unexpected transmission of light through periodic arrays of subwavelength holes in a metal screen. The study of this phenomenon has attracted the attention of many scientists working in the fields of Optics and Condensed Matter Physics, giving place to some controversial explanations. The existence of surface plasmons supported by the metal/air interface at optical frequencies has been considered the underlying reason behind ET. Our contribution tries to offer a relatively simple explanation of ET based on conventional waveguide/transmission-line theory. It will be shown how this simplified microwave-engineering standpoint offers satisfactory explanation for most ET findings. Indeed, ET should be expected not only at optical frequencies but also at lower frequencies, when surface plasmons are not possible.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114126395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633016
J. Nessel, R. Lee, C. Mueller, M. Kozicki, Minghan Ren, J. Morse
This paper reports the development and characterization of a novel switching device for use in microwave systems. The device utilizes a switching mechanism based on nanoionics, in which mobile ions within a solid electrolyte undergo an electrochemical process to form and remove a conductive metallic “bridge” to define the change of state. The nanoionics-based switch has demonstrated an insertion loss of ∼0.5dB, isolation of ≫0dB, low voltage operation (1V), low power (∼¼W) and low energy (∼nJ) consumption, and excellent linearity up to 6 GHz. The switch requires fewer bias operations (due to non-volatile nature) and has a simple planar geometry allowing for novel device structures and easy integration into microwave power distribution circuits.
{"title":"A novel nanoionics-based switch for microwave applications","authors":"J. Nessel, R. Lee, C. Mueller, M. Kozicki, Minghan Ren, J. Morse","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the development and characterization of a novel switching device for use in microwave systems. The device utilizes a switching mechanism based on nanoionics, in which mobile ions within a solid electrolyte undergo an electrochemical process to form and remove a conductive metallic “bridge” to define the change of state. The nanoionics-based switch has demonstrated an insertion loss of ∼0.5dB, isolation of ≫0dB, low voltage operation (1V), low power (∼¼W) and low energy (∼nJ) consumption, and excellent linearity up to 6 GHz. The switch requires fewer bias operations (due to non-volatile nature) and has a simple planar geometry allowing for novel device structures and easy integration into microwave power distribution circuits.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114501427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633090
T. Pochiraju, V. Fusco
A novel method to produce direct QPSK modulation is presented. The key feature of the architecture is the absence of mixers and as a result unwanted mixing products. Bandwidth limitations of previous designs are overcome with a novel phase shifting technique. A prototype is demonstrated at 2.4 GHz to showcase the performance of the modulator. An error vector magnitude (EVM) of less than 5% is obtained over a 600 MHz bandwidth. The power consumption of the circuit is less than 10μW and its 1dB compression point is 17dBm.
{"title":"Ultra-low power high bandwidth QPSK modulator","authors":"T. Pochiraju, V. Fusco","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633090","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method to produce direct QPSK modulation is presented. The key feature of the architecture is the absence of mixers and as a result unwanted mixing products. Bandwidth limitations of previous designs are overcome with a novel phase shifting technique. A prototype is demonstrated at 2.4 GHz to showcase the performance of the modulator. An error vector magnitude (EVM) of less than 5% is obtained over a 600 MHz bandwidth. The power consumption of the circuit is less than 10μW and its 1dB compression point is 17dBm.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633306
A. Vergara, N. Petrochilos, O. Boric-Lubecke, A. Høst-Madsen, V. Lubecke
Direct conversion Doppler radar can provide remote non-invasive monitoring of cardio-pulmonary activity of human subjects. However, real world life signs monitoring requires real-time processing of data over long monitoring periods, during which it is unlikely that the subject can be expected to suppress other body motion. Measurement of cardiopulmonary motion of a human subject with extraneous subject movement in the field of view of a Doppler radar system is a complex problem. The use of multiple antennas and blind source separation signal processing techniques is a logical approach for monitoring humans in real world conditions. Described here is the successful separation of cardiopulmonary motion and hand motion for a single subject.
{"title":"Blind source separation of human body motion using direct conversion Doppler radar","authors":"A. Vergara, N. Petrochilos, O. Boric-Lubecke, A. Høst-Madsen, V. Lubecke","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633306","url":null,"abstract":"Direct conversion Doppler radar can provide remote non-invasive monitoring of cardio-pulmonary activity of human subjects. However, real world life signs monitoring requires real-time processing of data over long monitoring periods, during which it is unlikely that the subject can be expected to suppress other body motion. Measurement of cardiopulmonary motion of a human subject with extraneous subject movement in the field of view of a Doppler radar system is a complex problem. The use of multiple antennas and blind source separation signal processing techniques is a logical approach for monitoring humans in real world conditions. Described here is the successful separation of cardiopulmonary motion and hand motion for a single subject.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120957393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633161
T. O'Sullivan, M. Urteaga, R. Pierson, P. Asbeck
In this paper a millimeter-wave power amplifier implemented using a planar radial type power splitter and combiner is presented. The amplifier achieves an unsaturated output power of 23 dBm at 71 GHz with a corresponding P1dB of 20.8 dBm. The radial layout for the combiner allows 4 unit amplifiers to be combined in a single stage of power combining with a compact layout. The amplifier is implemented using an InP HBT process with ft/fmax values of 300/300 GHz.
{"title":"InP HBT millimeter-wave power amplifier implemented using planar radial power combiner","authors":"T. O'Sullivan, M. Urteaga, R. Pierson, P. Asbeck","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633161","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a millimeter-wave power amplifier implemented using a planar radial type power splitter and combiner is presented. The amplifier achieves an unsaturated output power of 23 dBm at 71 GHz with a corresponding P1dB of 20.8 dBm. The radial layout for the combiner allows 4 unit amplifiers to be combined in a single stage of power combining with a compact layout. The amplifier is implemented using an InP HBT process with ft/fmax values of 300/300 GHz.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125713095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633219
L. Vardapetyan, J. Manges, Z. Cendes
Sensitivity analysis of microwave devices with respect to design parameters is presented. Ports are included in the computational domain via the Transfinite Element Method. The derivative of the system matrix is computed analytically. In particular, derivatives of the system matrix entries that depend on ports are obtained by analytical differentiation of the port eigenvalue problem. Numerical examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of S-parameters Including port variations using the Transfinite Element Method","authors":"L. Vardapetyan, J. Manges, Z. Cendes","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633219","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitivity analysis of microwave devices with respect to design parameters is presented. Ports are included in the computational domain via the Transfinite Element Method. The derivative of the system matrix is computed analytically. In particular, derivatives of the system matrix entries that depend on ports are obtained by analytical differentiation of the port eigenvalue problem. Numerical examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133064081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633019
R. Santhakumar, Yi Pei, U. Mishra, R. York
Two monolithic broadband distributed amplifiers have been designed and fabricated using AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. One of them uses a standard HEMT for the unit cell and shows a measured S21 of 5.2±1dB from 1-50GHz. The second distributed amplifier uses dual-gate HEMTs for the unit cell and achieves a measured S21 of 12±1dB from 2-32GHz. The process consists of 200nm gate-length HEMTs, CPW transmission lines, MIM capacitors and thin-film resistors. The dual-gate distributed amplifier achieves a CW peak output power of 1W and a PAE of about 16% at 4GHz.
{"title":"Monolithic millimeter-wave distributed amplifiers using AlGaN/GaN HEMTs","authors":"R. Santhakumar, Yi Pei, U. Mishra, R. York","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633019","url":null,"abstract":"Two monolithic broadband distributed amplifiers have been designed and fabricated using AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. One of them uses a standard HEMT for the unit cell and shows a measured S21 of 5.2±1dB from 1-50GHz. The second distributed amplifier uses dual-gate HEMTs for the unit cell and achieves a measured S21 of 12±1dB from 2-32GHz. The process consists of 200nm gate-length HEMTs, CPW transmission lines, MIM capacitors and thin-film resistors. The dual-gate distributed amplifier achieves a CW peak output power of 1W and a PAE of about 16% at 4GHz.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130166701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4632908
S. Bastioli, L. Marcaccioli, R. Sorrentino
This paper presents a novel resonant structure for the design of compact pseudo-elliptic filters in waveguide technology. The resonator consists of a rectangular ridge which is arbitrarily located and oriented within a rectangular waveguide. Under certain conditions, by exciting the ridge with the fundamental TE10 mode of the waveguide, the resonator exhibits a transmission zero besides the transmission pole, thus behaving as a singlet. This element can be used as a basic building block for the design of higher order filters. In this work an in-line 5th order filter with three transmission zeros has been fabricated and tested, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed design.
{"title":"Novel waveguide pseudo-elliptic filters using slant ridge resonators","authors":"S. Bastioli, L. Marcaccioli, R. Sorrentino","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4632908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4632908","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel resonant structure for the design of compact pseudo-elliptic filters in waveguide technology. The resonator consists of a rectangular ridge which is arbitrarily located and oriented within a rectangular waveguide. Under certain conditions, by exciting the ridge with the fundamental TE10 mode of the waveguide, the resonator exhibits a transmission zero besides the transmission pole, thus behaving as a singlet. This element can be used as a basic building block for the design of higher order filters. In this work an in-line 5th order filter with three transmission zeros has been fabricated and tested, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed design.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133368584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-15DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633055
K. Lyon, E. Kan
Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) have received considerable attention for their frequency conversion, fast pulse generation, and rise/falltime compression properties. Here we present a new mode of operation for the NLTL which uses falltime compression to generate short RF pulses near the Bragg cutoff frequency. While this phenomenon has been reported in circuit model simulations, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, its first experimental verification. We demonstrate control of the pulse center frequency using next-nearest neighbor coupling and examine the feasibility of MMIC implementation. Our resulting devices generate short microwave pulses suitable for short range wireless communication. The frequency conversion is non-harmonic and requires no active bias currents.
{"title":"Microwave pulse generation using the Bragg cutoff of a nonlinear transmission line","authors":"K. Lyon, E. Kan","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633055","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) have received considerable attention for their frequency conversion, fast pulse generation, and rise/falltime compression properties. Here we present a new mode of operation for the NLTL which uses falltime compression to generate short RF pulses near the Bragg cutoff frequency. While this phenomenon has been reported in circuit model simulations, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, its first experimental verification. We demonstrate control of the pulse center frequency using next-nearest neighbor coupling and examine the feasibility of MMIC implementation. Our resulting devices generate short microwave pulses suitable for short range wireless communication. The frequency conversion is non-harmonic and requires no active bias currents.","PeriodicalId":273767,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131324616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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