Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144805
Abik Nandi , Snigdha Gupta
The interaction between stem cells and their niche is essential for sustaining stem cell identity, and in the Drosophila testis, this interaction is maintained by E-cadherin. Our earlier work demonstrated that cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxicant, disrupts germline stem cell (GSC) homeostasis in Drosophila males, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which Cd alters GSC homeostasis, using Drosophila testis as an in vivo model. Our findings show that Cd induced reactive oxygen species downregulate E-cadherin expression through modulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, resulting in disrupted GSC homeostasis, characterized by diminished stem cell pool and premature differentiation. Notably, overexpression of superoxide dismutase in early-stage of germ cells restored JAK/STAT signaling and E-cadherin levels. Additionally, early germ cells targeted E-cadherin overexpression with genetic background of stat92E knockdown showed significant recovery from aberrant GSC homeostasis under Cd exposure. Together, these results are consistent with a Cd mediated effect in which E-cadherin stands as a pivotal factor in maintaining GSC homeostasis. This study highlights the utility of Drosophila as an alternative model to investigate the role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in stem cell regulation under chemical stress and further extended understanding about mechanistic insights mediating Cd toxicity in Drosophila.
{"title":"ROS-JAK/STAT-E-cadherin axis underlies cadmium induced premature differentiation of germline stem cells in Drosophila males","authors":"Abik Nandi , Snigdha Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between stem cells and their niche is essential for sustaining stem cell identity, and in the <em>Drosophila testis</em>, this interaction is maintained by E-cadherin. Our earlier work demonstrated that cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxicant, disrupts germline stem cell (GSC) homeostasis in <em>Drosophila</em> males, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which Cd alters GSC homeostasis, using <em>Drosophila</em> testis as an <em>in vivo</em> model. Our findings show that Cd induced reactive oxygen species downregulate E-cadherin expression through modulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, resulting in disrupted GSC homeostasis, characterized by diminished stem cell pool and premature differentiation. Notably, overexpression of superoxide dismutase in early-stage of germ cells restored JAK/STAT signaling and E-cadherin levels. Additionally, early germ cells targeted E-cadherin overexpression with genetic background of <em>stat92E</em> knockdown showed significant recovery from aberrant GSC homeostasis under Cd exposure. Together, these results are consistent with a Cd mediated effect in which E-cadherin stands as a pivotal factor in maintaining GSC homeostasis. This study highlights the utility of <em>Drosophila</em> as an alternative model to investigate the role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in stem cell regulation under chemical stress and further extended understanding about mechanistic insights mediating Cd toxicity in <em>Drosophila</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144805"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144773
I. Vergara-Luis , J.C. Báez-Millán , E. Anakabe , O. Zuloaga , M. Olivares , A. Prieto
Beyond soil composition, several critical factors—such as organic matter content, soil pH, and the concentration of antimicrobial substances (AMs)—significantly influence both the adsorption and persistence of AMs, as well as the potential development of AM transformation products (TPs) in soil. Although AMs and their TPs contribute to soil environmental pollution, there is still a lack of research on the degradation of AMs and the identification of TPs. In this context, this study investigated the degradation of four AMs from different families—sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (ENRO), and trimethoprim (TMP)—in a soil:compost mixture (97.2:2.8 w/w). The analysis was carried out at two concentration levels (1 mg kg−1 and 150 mg kg−1) under controlled light and humidity conditions. The results showed a higher degradation rate for SMX, regardless of the initial concentration, and a higher persistence in soil for the fluoroquinolone ENRO. In addition, nineteen potential TPs were identified using a suspect screening analysis approach, many of which, to our knowledge, have not been previously identified in soil:compost samples. The higher degradation rate observed for SMX coincided with the highest recorded abundances of TPs of SMX. Conversely, the highest diversity of identified TPs was observed for TMP. This work also extends the information on the transformation mechanism leading to the detected TPs. However, there is still a large gap regarding the possible activity of the TPs and their influence on resistance propagation. Further research is therefore needed in this area, combining chemical and biological assays.
除土壤成分外，一些关键因素，如有机质含量、土壤pH值和抗菌物质（AMs）的浓度，显著影响AMs的吸附和持久性，以及土壤中AM转化产物（TPs）的潜在发展。虽然AMs及其TPs对土壤环境造成污染，但目前对AMs的降解和TPs的鉴定研究还很缺乏。在此背景下，本研究研究了四种不同家族的AMs -磺胺甲恶唑（SMX），土霉素（OTC），恩诺沙星（ENRO）和甲氧苄啶（TMP）在土壤：堆肥混合物（97.2:2.8 w/w）中的降解情况。在受控的光照和湿度条件下，在两种浓度水平（1mg kg - 1和150mg kg - 1）下进行分析。结果表明，无论初始浓度如何，SMX的降解率都较高，氟喹诺酮类ENRO在土壤中的持久性较高。此外，使用可疑筛选分析方法鉴定了19种潜在的TPs，据我们所知，其中许多以前未在土壤堆肥样品中鉴定过。SMX较高的降解率与记录的最高TPs丰度一致。相反，经鉴定的TPs多样性最高的是TMP。这项工作还扩展了导致检测到的tp的转换机制的信息。然而，关于TPs的可能活性及其对抗性传播的影响仍有很大的差距。因此，需要在这一领域进行进一步的研究，结合化学和生物分析。
{"title":"Tracking the transformations and by-products of antimicrobials in soil by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry","authors":"I. Vergara-Luis , J.C. Báez-Millán , E. Anakabe , O. Zuloaga , M. Olivares , A. Prieto","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beyond soil composition, several critical factors—such as organic matter content, soil pH, and the concentration of antimicrobial substances (AMs)—significantly influence both the adsorption and persistence of AMs, as well as the potential development of AM transformation products (TPs) in soil. Although AMs and their TPs contribute to soil environmental pollution, there is still a lack of research on the degradation of AMs and the identification of TPs. In this context, this study investigated the degradation of four AMs from different families—sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (ENRO), and trimethoprim (TMP)—in a soil:compost mixture (97.2:2.8 w/w). The analysis was carried out at two concentration levels (1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 150 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) under controlled light and humidity conditions. The results showed a higher degradation rate for SMX, regardless of the initial concentration, and a higher persistence in soil for the fluoroquinolone ENRO. In addition, nineteen potential TPs were identified using a suspect screening analysis approach, many of which, to our knowledge, have not been previously identified in soil:compost samples. The higher degradation rate observed for SMX coincided with the highest recorded abundances of TPs of SMX. Conversely, the highest diversity of identified TPs was observed for TMP. This work also extends the information on the transformation mechanism leading to the detected TPs. However, there is still a large gap regarding the possible activity of the TPs and their influence on resistance propagation. Further research is therefore needed in this area, combining chemical and biological assays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144773"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144791
Wijdane Limouni , Valentin Dupraz , Patrice Couture , Carmen Mihaela Neculita , Vincent Cloutier , Eric Rosa
The acute toxicity of binary and ternary combinations of Cu, Zn, As and Se to Daphnia magna was investigated. The aim was to provide a detailed characterization of the interactive effects of these elements in relation to aquatic toxicity. The binary and ternary combinations were evaluated using isobolograms, the concentration addition (CA) model, the independent action (IA) model, and the Hewlett model. They were also implemented using the MixModel package in R. This approach facilitated the identification of potential synergism, additivity, and antagonism, in addition to the characterization of binary and ternary interactions within a mixture composition space. For the binary combinations, and had the most robust evidence for synergism with EC50 estimates <1 toxicity unit (TU), as low as 0.27 TU for , and 0.30 TU for . Combinations of , , , and were mostly additive, with EC50 estimates ∼1 TU for all evaluated ratios. In all of the tested ternary combinations, Cu was identified the most toxic component. Emergent effects, which were defined as toxicity responses arising from combinations of toxicity which were not dependent on binary combinations, were observed in some ternary combinations. Synergism was observed in the and mixtures, suggesting that binary combinations alone are insufficient for predicting interactions involving more than two components. Ternary diagrams also showed potential areas of high toxicity (), mostly in the Cu-dominated mixtures. These observations suggest that the toxicity assessment of trace metals and metalloids commonly found in mining and metallurgical effluents (in this case Cu, Zn, As, and Se) must take into account the effect of mixtures and not rely on substance-by-substance assessments.
{"title":"Evaluating the acute toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of Cu, Zn, As and Se to Daphnia magna: a component-based approach using isobologram analyses and ternary diagrams","authors":"Wijdane Limouni , Valentin Dupraz , Patrice Couture , Carmen Mihaela Neculita , Vincent Cloutier , Eric Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acute toxicity of binary and ternary combinations of Cu, Zn, As and Se to <em>Daphnia magna</em> was investigated. The aim was to provide a detailed characterization of the interactive effects of these elements in relation to aquatic toxicity. The binary and ternary combinations were evaluated using isobolograms, the concentration addition (CA) model, the independent action (IA) model, and the Hewlett model. They were also implemented using the MixModel package in R. This approach facilitated the identification of potential synergism, additivity, and antagonism, in addition to the characterization of binary and ternary interactions within a mixture composition space. For the binary combinations, <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mtext>Zn</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span> had the most robust evidence for synergism with EC<sub>50</sub> estimates <1 toxicity unit (TU), as low as 0.27 TU for <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and 0.30 TU for <span><math><mrow><mtext>Zn</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span>. Combinations of <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> were mostly additive, with EC<sub>50</sub> estimates ∼1 TU for all evaluated ratios. In all of the tested ternary combinations, Cu was identified the most toxic component. Emergent effects, which were defined as toxicity responses arising from combinations of toxicity which were not dependent on binary combinations, were observed in some ternary combinations. Synergism was observed in the <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Se</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Cu</mtext><mo>−</mo><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> mixtures, suggesting that binary combinations alone are insufficient for predicting interactions involving more than two components. Ternary diagrams also showed potential areas of high toxicity (<span><math><mrow><mtext>TU</mtext><mspace></mspace><mo>></mo><mspace></mspace><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>), mostly in the Cu-dominated mixtures. These observations suggest that the toxicity assessment of trace metals and metalloids commonly found in mining and metallurgical effluents (in this case Cu, Zn, As, and Se) must take into account the effect of mixtures and not rely on substance-by-substance assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144791"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144833
Yasuro Fuse , Sho Kanada , Kako Shinohara , Xue Chu , Takashi Kasamatsu , Takashi Nakai
Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the de novo window (∼200–400 °C) remains a barrier to combining strict emission control with efficient waste-to-energy operation. We evaluated high-reactivity hydrated lime (HR-Ca(OH)2) as a dual-purpose reagent for mechanistic suppression of de novo PCDD/F formation under simulated municipal solid waste incineration flue-gas conditions. A bench-scale laminar-flow reactor was operated with phenol/p-chlorophenol precursors and Cu-bearing fly ash under compositions representative of full-scale stacks. Across five configurations spanning lab- and stack-relevant geometries, positioning HR-Ca(OH)2 upstream of Cu-active fly-ash phases ("lime-first") reproducibly reduced TeCDD formation and total PCDD/F TEQ by up to one order of magnitude. Kinetic behavior was consistent with full-scale observations: conversions of phenol to chlorophenols (∼1.4 %) and p-chlorophenol to TeCDDs (∼5.2 %) matched reported ranges, supporting external validity. A chlorine mass balance showed that when the Ca:Cu mass ratio was maintained at ≥10, gas-phase HCl was effectively scavenged and chlorine availability for de novo chemistry was strongly depleted. A mechanistic design framework based on an effective Damköhler number, Da = keff·τ, was developed; achieving Da ≥3 yielded ≥95 % suppression under all tested conditions. Sensitivity analyses for SO2, NOx, H2O and other stack-relevant interferents indicated that these species modify keff and accessibility but do not shift the Ca:Cu or Da thresholds within typical operating ranges. These results provide quantitative criteria (Ca:Cu ≥ 10; Da ≥3) for low-dioxin, high-efficiency operation and support HR-Ca(OH)2 as a practical route to in-window suppression in waste-to-energy facilities.
{"title":"High-reactivity hydrated lime prevents de novo dioxin formation in the 200–400 °C flue-gas window via chlorine scavenging and Damköhler-based design","authors":"Yasuro Fuse , Sho Kanada , Kako Shinohara , Xue Chu , Takashi Kasamatsu , Takashi Nakai","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the de novo window (∼200–400 °C) remains a barrier to combining strict emission control with efficient waste-to-energy operation. We evaluated high-reactivity hydrated lime (HR-Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) as a dual-purpose reagent for mechanistic suppression of de novo PCDD/F formation under simulated municipal solid waste incineration flue-gas conditions. A bench-scale laminar-flow reactor was operated with phenol/p-chlorophenol precursors and Cu-bearing fly ash under compositions representative of full-scale stacks. Across five configurations spanning lab- and stack-relevant geometries, positioning HR-Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> upstream of Cu-active fly-ash phases (\"lime-first\") reproducibly reduced TeCDD formation and total PCDD/F TEQ by up to one order of magnitude. Kinetic behavior was consistent with full-scale observations: conversions of phenol to chlorophenols (∼1.4 %) and <em>p</em>-chlorophenol to TeCDDs (∼5.2 %) matched reported ranges, supporting external validity. A chlorine mass balance showed that when the Ca:Cu mass ratio was maintained at ≥10, gas-phase HCl was effectively scavenged and chlorine availability for de novo chemistry was strongly depleted. A mechanistic design framework based on an effective Damköhler number, Da = keff·τ, was developed; achieving Da ≥3 yielded ≥95 % suppression under all tested conditions. Sensitivity analyses for SO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, H<sub>2</sub>O and other stack-relevant interferents indicated that these species modify keff and accessibility but do not shift the Ca:Cu or Da thresholds within typical operating ranges. These results provide quantitative criteria (Ca:Cu ≥ 10; Da ≥3) for low-dioxin, high-efficiency operation and support HR-Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> as a practical route to in-window suppression in waste-to-energy facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 144833"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144825
Subharthe Samandra , Ellis S.G. Mackay , Wesam S. Alwan , Amanda V. Ellis , Bradley O. Clarke
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, capable of long-range transport via rainfall, waterbodies, wind, and snow, and often carry other emerging contaminants on their surface, as well as additives within their own structure. This makes them persistent, bioaccumulative, and potentially toxic. This study represents the first survey of multiple land use settings in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. A total of 55 soil samples were analysed for 13 different polymers in the 10–1000 μm size range, using foam fractionation to separate microplastic particles from the soil. The mean abundance was 14,400 ± 20,000 microplastics/kg, with a median of 4200 microplastics/kg (range: 0–90,200 microplastics/kg). Most of the particles were between 10 and 100 μm, with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), and polyurethane (PU) being the most prominent polymers. The microplastic particle morphologies were dominated by fragments (38 %) and pellets (27 %), with the remaining consisting of spheres, films, foams and fibres.
{"title":"Widespread microplastic contamination in Australian soils: Sources, pathways, and environmental implications","authors":"Subharthe Samandra , Ellis S.G. Mackay , Wesam S. Alwan , Amanda V. Ellis , Bradley O. Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, capable of long-range transport via rainfall, waterbodies, wind, and snow, and often carry other emerging contaminants on their surface, as well as additives within their own structure. This makes them persistent, bioaccumulative, and potentially toxic. This study represents the first survey of multiple land use settings in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. A total of 55 soil samples were analysed for 13 different polymers in the 10–1000 μm size range, using foam fractionation to separate microplastic particles from the soil. The mean abundance was 14,400 ± 20,000 microplastics/kg, with a median of 4200 microplastics/kg (range: 0–90,200 microplastics/kg). Most of the particles were between 10 and 100 μm, with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), and polyurethane (PU) being the most prominent polymers. The microplastic particle morphologies were dominated by fragments (38 %) and pellets (27 %), with the remaining consisting of spheres, films, foams and fibres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 144825"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144804
R.J. Patel , D.C. Gooddy , B. Marchant , D.J. Lapworth , A. James , M. Cook , K. Darby , T. Besien
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants, where some are known to harm ecological and human health. Due to their widespread use, PFAS have become commonly detected in aquatic environments, which serve both as pathways and as reservoirs for these pollutants. This study provides the first full quantitative national overview of 41 PFAS compounds in English waterbodies (surface water, groundwater, coastal, and estuarine; n = 850), using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ). Individual PFAS concentrations at 475 sites ranged from 0.0052 to 480 ng/L while ΣPFAS concentrations per site ranged from 0.024 to 2021 ng/L. Monitoring detected the highest concentrations near large distinct urban areas, though PFAS were also present in rural and undeveloped regions, highlighting the importance of detections across different land use. PFOA was one of the most frequently detected PFAS across all waterbodies, consistent with other studies. No clear correlations were found between PFAS physiochemical properties (chain length and functional group) and concentrations, this may be due to the sampling approach focused which focused on an assessment of background concentrations, rather than point-source, pollution. However, shorter chain PFAS compounds dominated detections in surface waters compared to groundwater. Physical properties and PFAS exposure in waterbodies may play a large role in PFAS detections, as higher concentrations were found in surface water relative to groundwater. Future research should explore PFAS trends over time, consider groundwater sampling depths, examine a broader range of land uses, and assess transboundary PFAS transport to better understand PFAS flux in aquatic systems.
{"title":"A national-scale preliminary overview study of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurrence in aquatic environments of England, UK","authors":"R.J. Patel , D.C. Gooddy , B. Marchant , D.J. Lapworth , A. James , M. Cook , K. Darby , T. Besien","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants, where some are known to harm ecological and human health. Due to their widespread use, PFAS have become commonly detected in aquatic environments, which serve both as pathways and as reservoirs for these pollutants. This study provides the first full quantitative national overview of 41 PFAS compounds in English waterbodies (surface water, groundwater, coastal, and estuarine; n = 850), using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ). Individual PFAS concentrations at 475 sites ranged from 0.0052 to 480 ng/L while ΣPFAS concentrations per site ranged from 0.024 to 2021 ng/L. Monitoring detected the highest concentrations near large distinct urban areas, though PFAS were also present in rural and undeveloped regions, highlighting the importance of detections across different land use. PFOA was one of the most frequently detected PFAS across all waterbodies, consistent with other studies. No clear correlations were found between PFAS physiochemical properties (chain length and functional group) and concentrations, this may be due to the sampling approach focused which focused on an assessment of background concentrations, rather than point-source, pollution. However, shorter chain PFAS compounds dominated detections in surface waters compared to groundwater. Physical properties and PFAS exposure in waterbodies may play a large role in PFAS detections, as higher concentrations were found in surface water relative to groundwater. Future research should explore PFAS trends over time, consider groundwater sampling depths, examine a broader range of land uses, and assess transboundary PFAS transport to better understand PFAS flux in aquatic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144804"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The abandoned Ouixane iron ore mine in northeastern Morocco has generated a significant volume of mine wastes, which can generate contaminated water in the form of acid mine drainage (AMD) when sulfide minerals are present. This study evaluates the geochemical, mineralogical, and environmental characteristics of eleven representative samples (S1 to S11) collected from various zones of the site using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and static tests including acid-base accounting (ABA), net acid generation (NAG), and paste pH measurements. The results reveal high average concentrations of (mean 39.46 wt%) and (mean 17.71 wt%), along with mean elevated levels of (1.09 g/kg), (0.73 g/kg), (0.96 g/kg), and (1.02 g/kg). Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of reactive sulfide and sulfate phases. Most samples exhibit highly acidic pH values (<2) and negative net neutralization potentials (NNP) ranging from −1025.73 to +34.96 kg , with a mean of −263.54 kg , indicating a strong acid-generating potential. These findings highlight critical risks of acid generation and metal contamination at the Ouixane site, providing essential data for effective remediation strategies in Morocco.
摩洛哥东北部废弃的Ouixane铁矿产生了大量的矿山废物，当硫化物矿物存在时，这些废物会以酸性矿山废水（AMD）的形式产生污染水。本研究利用x射线荧光（XRF）、x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜能谱（SEM-EDS）和静态测试（包括酸碱计算（ABA）、净酸生成（NAG）和膏体pH测量）评估了从现场不同区域采集的11个代表性样品（S1至S11）的地球化学、矿物学和环境特征。结果显示，Fe2O3（平均39.46 wt%）和SO3（平均17.71 wt%）的平均浓度较高，As （1.09 g/kg）、Pb （0.73 g/kg）、Zn （0.96 g/kg）和Cu （1.02 g/kg）的平均水平也有所升高。矿物学分析证实了活性硫化物和硫酸盐相的存在。大多数样品具有强酸性pH值（<2）和负的净中和电位（NNP），范围为- 1025.73至+34.96 kg CaCO3/t，平均为- 263.54 kg CaCO3/t，表明具有强的产酸电位。这些发现突出了Ouixane遗址产生酸和金属污染的关键风险，为摩洛哥的有效补救战略提供了重要数据。
{"title":"From iron ore to environmental risk: Geochemical, mineralogical, and acid generation behavior of mining wastes from the abandoned ouixane site, Northeastern Morocco","authors":"Hanae Chat , Hanae Ouaddari , Rkia Zari , Farida Salmoun","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abandoned Ouixane iron ore mine in northeastern Morocco has generated a significant volume of mine wastes, which can generate contaminated water in the form of acid mine drainage (AMD) when sulfide minerals are present. This study evaluates the geochemical, mineralogical, and environmental characteristics of eleven representative samples (S1 to S11) collected from various zones of the site using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and static tests including acid-base accounting (ABA), net acid generation (NAG), and paste pH measurements. The results reveal high average concentrations of <span><math><mrow><msub><mtext>Fe</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (mean 39.46 wt%) and <span><math><mrow><msub><mtext>SO</mtext><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (mean 17.71 wt%), along with mean elevated levels of <span><math><mrow><mtext>As</mtext></mrow></math></span> (1.09 g/kg), <span><math><mrow><mtext>Pb</mtext></mrow></math></span> (0.73 g/kg), <span><math><mrow><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow></math></span> (0.96 g/kg), and <span><math><mrow><mtext>Cu</mtext></mrow></math></span> (1.02 g/kg). Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of reactive sulfide and sulfate phases. Most samples exhibit highly acidic pH values (<2) and negative net neutralization potentials (NNP) ranging from −1025.73 to +34.96 kg <span><math><mrow><msub><mtext>CaCO</mtext><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span> , with a mean of −263.54 kg <span><math><mrow><msub><mtext>CaCO</mtext><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>, indicating a strong acid-generating potential. These findings highlight critical risks of acid generation and metal contamination at the Ouixane site, providing essential data for effective remediation strategies in Morocco.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144809"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144782
Snigdha Nath, Subhasish Das
Bioremediation of oil refinery sludge (ORS) with earthworms offers a sustainable prospect in its pollution mitigation, however species-specific detoxification of ORS remains understudied. We conducted a 90-day mesocosm experiment to study the efficacy of two species, Eisenia fetida (EF) and Eudrilus eugeniae (EE), in ORS valorisation. Changes in physicochemical properties, heavy metal speciation (in gut and compost), and carbon fractions of the vermi-treated ORS composts were evaluated. EE yielded a 1.5-fold higher N increment than EF. EE reduced Ni's bioavailable fraction and residual fraction by 55.9 % and 39.4 %, respectively. EE showed an 11 % higher reduction in labile C pool than EF, with 1.95 % increment in its humic acid fraction. The gut bioaccumulation was 20–47 % higher in EE than EF across heavy metals. Moreover, the removal efficiency of heavy metals with EE was 24 % higher than EF. The higher vermiremediation benefit index (VBI) for EE (1.68) compared to EF (1.45) confirmed EE's efficient NPK mineralization and metal detoxification. Principal component analysis attributed earthworm growth, gut accumulation, and metal reduction to EE's higher VBI. Our findings underline the species-specific potential of E. eugeniae over E. fetida in ORS detoxification, while addressing the need to assess the long-term stability of vermiremediated ORS compost for safer agricultural use.
{"title":"Species-specific benefits in bioremediation of oil refinery sludge via large-scale vermicomposting process: a detailed comparison between Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae","authors":"Snigdha Nath, Subhasish Das","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioremediation of oil refinery sludge (ORS) with earthworms offers a sustainable prospect in its pollution mitigation, however species-specific detoxification of ORS remains understudied. We conducted a 90-day mesocosm experiment to study the efficacy of two species, <em>Eisenia fetida</em> (EF) and <em>Eudrilus eugeniae</em> (EE), in ORS valorisation. Changes in physicochemical properties, heavy metal speciation (in gut and compost), and carbon fractions of the vermi-treated ORS composts were evaluated. EE yielded a 1.5-fold higher N increment than EF. EE reduced Ni's bioavailable fraction and residual fraction by 55.9 % and 39.4 %, respectively. EE showed an 11 % higher reduction in labile C pool than EF, with 1.95 % increment in its humic acid fraction. The gut bioaccumulation was 20–47 % higher in EE than EF across heavy metals. Moreover, the removal efficiency of heavy metals with EE was 24 % higher than EF. The higher vermiremediation benefit index (VBI) for EE (1.68) compared to EF (1.45) confirmed EE's efficient NPK mineralization and metal detoxification. Principal component analysis attributed earthworm growth, gut accumulation, and metal reduction to EE's higher VBI. Our findings underline the species-specific potential of <em>E. eugeniae</em> over <em>E. fetida</em> in ORS detoxification, while addressing the need to assess the long-term stability of vermiremediated ORS compost for safer agricultural use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144782"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144796
Hwashin H. Shin , Muzeyyen Kabasakal , James G. Owen , Anna O. Delic , Katarina Kunarac , Stéphane Buteau
Air quality tends to deteriorate in densely populated and industrialized regions, increasing the risk of hospitalization and mortality. The Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (hereafter “Corridor”) is a region in Canada characterized by high population density and extensive manufacturing and transportation infrastructure. This study compared PM2.5-related health outcomes in the Corridor and non-Corridor regions to assess the influence of population density and industrial activity on human health. We analyzed data from 89 census divisions (CDs), representing approximately 80 % of the Canadian population, including 41 CDs within the Corridor (58 % of the population). Daily PM2.5 concentrations were linked to daily counts of all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory hospitalizations and mortality. A two-stage modeling approach was used: CD-specific risks were estimated using over-dispersed generalized Poisson models, followed by Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate regional (Corridor vs. non-Corridor) and national risks. While all-cause health outcomes showed little regional difference, cause-specific health risks indicated some regional differences varying by cause, season, age, and sex. Compared to the non-Corridor, the Corridor exhibited higher risks (per 10 μg/m3 PM2.5) for respiratory hospitalization during the cold season for both non-seniors, age 1–65 years, (0.98 %, 95 % CI 0.00–1.90 % versus −0.01 %, −1.36–1.34 %) and seniors, age 66 and over, (0.97 %, 0.08–1.86 % versus −0.60 %, −2.01–0.75 %), and for circulatory mortality during the warm season for seniors (1.86 %, 0.74–2.92 % versus 0.17 %, −1.66–1.92 %) and females (2.74 %, 1.23–4.25 % versus 0.30 %, −2.24–2.78 %). These findings suggest that Corridor residents — especially seniors and females— are subject to greater PM2.5-related health risks.
{"title":"Impact of population density and industrial activity on PM2.5-Related adverse health outcomes: A study of the Quebec–Ontario corridor in Canada","authors":"Hwashin H. Shin , Muzeyyen Kabasakal , James G. Owen , Anna O. Delic , Katarina Kunarac , Stéphane Buteau","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air quality tends to deteriorate in densely populated and industrialized regions, increasing the risk of hospitalization and mortality. The Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (hereafter “Corridor”) is a region in Canada characterized by high population density and extensive manufacturing and transportation infrastructure. This study compared PM<sub>2.5</sub>-related health outcomes in the Corridor and non-Corridor regions to assess the influence of population density and industrial activity on human health. We analyzed data from 89 census divisions (CDs), representing approximately 80 % of the Canadian population, including 41 CDs within the Corridor (58 % of the population). Daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were linked to daily counts of all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory hospitalizations and mortality. A two-stage modeling approach was used: CD-specific risks were estimated using over-dispersed generalized Poisson models, followed by Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate regional (Corridor vs. non-Corridor) and national risks. While all-cause health outcomes showed little regional difference, cause-specific health risks indicated some regional differences varying by cause, season, age, and sex. Compared to the non-Corridor, the Corridor exhibited higher risks (per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub>) for respiratory hospitalization during the cold season for both non-seniors, age 1–65 years, (0.98 %, 95 % CI 0.00–1.90 % versus −0.01 %, −1.36–1.34 %) and seniors, age 66 and over, (0.97 %, 0.08–1.86 % versus −0.60 %, −2.01–0.75 %), and for circulatory mortality during the warm season for seniors (1.86 %, 0.74–2.92 % versus 0.17 %, −1.66–1.92 %) and females (2.74 %, 1.23–4.25 % versus 0.30 %, −2.24–2.78 %). These findings suggest that Corridor residents — especially seniors and females— are subject to greater PM<sub>2.5</sub>-related health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144796"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144813
Farah Jeba , Bernhard Rappenglück , Tanzina Akther , Morshad Ahmed , Armando Retama , Olivia Rivera-Hernández
This study presents an analysis of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals collectively referred to as HOx and their role in atmospheric chemistry within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). HOx radicals are paramount to the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere driving the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). A 0-D chemical box model (AtChem-2) was employed to simulate in situ production of OH and HO2 constrained by measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), O3, and other trace gases along with meteorological data collected during the campaign during the dry season. The analysis compares two distinct events: a pre-ozone episode with background conditions and an ozone episode characterized by strong photochemical activity confined to the MCMA. The results indicate significantly higher concentrations of OH and HO2 of 0.49 ppt and 25.95 ppt respectively during the ozone episode driven by enhanced photolysis of O3, HONO, and HCHO under clear sky conditions. HONO was identified as the dominant contributor with at least 2/3 to HOx production averaged over daytime, followed by O3 and HCHO. CO and VOCs have comparable effects on the loss rate of HOx while NOx plays the predominant role in the OH reactivity. The study reveals that elevated radical concentrations during the ozone episode corresponded to stronger and more persistent photochemical reactions by facilitating increased ozone formation of about 163 ppb. These findings underscore the importance of understanding radical production mechanisms in polluted urban environments particularly for the development strategies aimed at mitigating ozone and SOA levels.
{"title":"Box-modelling of HOx in Mexico City","authors":"Farah Jeba , Bernhard Rappenglück , Tanzina Akther , Morshad Ahmed , Armando Retama , Olivia Rivera-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analysis of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO<sub>2</sub>) radicals collectively referred to as HO<sub>x</sub> and their role in atmospheric chemistry within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). HO<sub>x</sub> radicals are paramount to the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere driving the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). A 0-D chemical box model (AtChem-2) was employed to simulate in situ production of OH and HO<sub>2</sub> constrained by measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), O<sub>3</sub>, and other trace gases along with meteorological data collected during the campaign during the dry season. The analysis compares two distinct events: a pre-ozone episode with background conditions and an ozone episode characterized by strong photochemical activity confined to the MCMA. The results indicate significantly higher concentrations of OH and HO<sub>2</sub> of 0.49 ppt and 25.95 ppt respectively during the ozone episode driven by enhanced photolysis of O<sub>3</sub>, HONO, and HCHO under clear sky conditions. HONO was identified as the dominant contributor with at least 2/3 to HO<sub>x</sub> production averaged over daytime, followed by O<sub>3</sub> and HCHO. CO and VOCs have comparable effects on the loss rate of HO<sub>x</sub> while NO<sub>x</sub> plays the predominant role in the OH reactivity. The study reveals that elevated radical concentrations during the ozone episode corresponded to stronger and more persistent photochemical reactions by facilitating increased ozone formation of about 163 ppb. These findings underscore the importance of understanding radical production mechanisms in polluted urban environments particularly for the development strategies aimed at mitigating ozone and SOA levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144813"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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