Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143705
Yu-Fei Zhao, Chun-Yu Lai, He-Ping Zhao
Nitrate (NO3−) contamination has become a significant global environmental issue. Traditional nitrate reduction processes typically require external pH control to maintain neutral conditions and prevent nitrite accumulation. In this study, a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) was constructed without external pH regulation. The reactor relied on the alkalinity generated by the nitrate reduction process itself, maintaining a highly alkaline environment with stable denitrification and up to 60% ammonium conversion at pH levels reaching 11.70. The DNRA process was found to be independent of substrate type, inversely proportional to electron supply, and exhibited the highest reaction rate at pH 11, as confirmed by both ex-situ and in-situ batch experiments. Microbial community analysis indicated that Meiothermus was the predominant genus within the biofilm. This research reveals a novel nitrogen transformation phenomenon, demonstrating the coexistence of DNRA and denitrification processes under high alkalinity conditions in the H2-MBfR system. These findings offer new insights into nitrate reduction processes and suggest potential advancements in wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
{"title":"Innovative nitrogen transformation: Coexistence of DNRA and denitrification under high alkalinity in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor","authors":"Yu-Fei Zhao, Chun-Yu Lai, He-Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) contamination has become a significant global environmental issue. Traditional nitrate reduction processes typically require external pH control to maintain neutral conditions and prevent nitrite accumulation. In this study, a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H<sub>2</sub>-MBfR) was constructed without external pH regulation. The reactor relied on the alkalinity generated by the nitrate reduction process itself, maintaining a highly alkaline environment with stable denitrification and up to 60% ammonium conversion at pH levels reaching 11.70. The DNRA process was found to be independent of substrate type, inversely proportional to electron supply, and exhibited the highest reaction rate at pH 11, as confirmed by both <em>ex-situ</em> and <em>in-situ</em> batch experiments. Microbial community analysis indicated that <em>Meiothermus</em> was the predominant genus within the biofilm. This research reveals a novel nitrogen transformation phenomenon, demonstrating the coexistence of DNRA and denitrification processes under high alkalinity conditions in the H<sub>2</sub>-MBfR system. These findings offer new insights into nitrate reduction processes and suggest potential advancements in wastewater treatment and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143705"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green transition and move towards safe and sustainable-by-design chemicals entail the need for new methods to study the biodegradability of UVCBs (substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products, and Biological materials). Standard simulation biodegradation tests have been developed for single substances and are generally not applicable for UVCBs. The aims of this study were (1) to combine a whole UVCB biodegradation test with a sensitive constituent-specific analytical technique, (2) to measure biotic and abiotic degradation of known and unknown UVCB constituents, and (3) to determine the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge on the constituent specific biodegradation in stream water. Lavender oil and black pepper oil are of significance in the perfume and cosmetics industries and served as model UVCBs. Stream water sampled upstream and downstream of a WWTP discharge point was characterized and used as inoculum (i.e., naturally and wastewater-adapted bacterial consortia). Tests were conducted in gastight headspace vials, and automated Arrow Solid Phase Microextraction GC-MS-scan was applied on unopened vials. Peak area ratios between biotic test systems and abiotic controls were used to determine primary biodegradation kinetics, and freshly spiked analytical references to separate biotic from abiotic degradation. Biodegradation half-times were below 20 days for all known (8–12) and unknown constituents (>78) in the essential oils. A dual-column GC-MS analysis produced a level 2 identification of 16 unknown lavender constituents. Biodegradation kinetics were similar in inoculum taken before and after the WWTP outlet, confirming that native stream microorganisms were competent degraders.
{"title":"Whole UVCB tests can yield biotic and abiotic degradation kinetics of known and unknown constituents for an enhanced UVCB degradation profile","authors":"Heidi Birch , Karen Scharling Dyhr , Sylvain Antoniotti , Marina Thierry , Aurelia Lapczynski , Philipp Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green transition and move towards safe and sustainable-by-design chemicals entail the need for new methods to study the biodegradability of UVCBs (substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products, and Biological materials). Standard simulation biodegradation tests have been developed for single substances and are generally not applicable for UVCBs. The aims of this study were (1) to combine a whole UVCB biodegradation test with a sensitive constituent-specific analytical technique, (2) to measure biotic and abiotic degradation of known and unknown UVCB constituents, and (3) to determine the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge on the constituent specific biodegradation in stream water. Lavender oil and black pepper oil are of significance in the perfume and cosmetics industries and served as model UVCBs. Stream water sampled upstream and downstream of a WWTP discharge point was characterized and used as inoculum (i.e., naturally and wastewater-adapted bacterial consortia). Tests were conducted in gastight headspace vials, and automated Arrow Solid Phase Microextraction GC-MS-scan was applied on unopened vials. Peak area ratios between biotic test systems and abiotic controls were used to determine primary biodegradation kinetics, and freshly spiked analytical references to separate biotic from abiotic degradation. Biodegradation half-times were below 20 days for all known (8–12) and unknown constituents (>78) in the essential oils. A dual-column GC-MS analysis produced a level 2 identification of 16 unknown lavender constituents. Biodegradation kinetics were similar in inoculum taken before and after the WWTP outlet, confirming that native stream microorganisms were competent degraders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143675"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143718
Marco Dainelli , Beatrice Chiavacci , Ilaria Colzi , Andrea Coppi , Emilio Corti , Matteo Daghio , Sara Falsini , Sandra Ristori , Alessio Papini , Elisabetta Toni , Carlo Viti , Cristina Gonnelli
The symbiotic system Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae was exposed for ten days to environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 0.05 and 0.1 g L−1) of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs). Plastic particles did not induce any visible toxicity symptoms or growth disorders to the fern, as well as any effects on leaf anatomy and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Nonetheless, in treated plants a decrease of chlorophyll content occurred and was coupled to reduction of Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI), an informative parameter of the plant nitrogen status. In the presence of MNPs, plants exhibited a substantial decline in the absorption of essential elements, as evidenced by decreased tissue concentration of Ca, Mg, Co and Mn. The exposure to the pollutants compromised root integrity and possibly its functioning in nutrient accumulation, with evident physical damages not only in the rhizodermis and cortex, but also in the vascular system. In addition, a DNA-based estimation of T. azollae revealed a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of the N2-fixing cyanobacteria for PET-treated samples. This was coupled with an alteration of the symbiont's phenotype highlighted by microscopy analysis, showing a reduction in number of vegetative cells between two consecutive heterocysts and in heterocyst size. This work is the first evidence of MNPs disturbing a strict symbiosis, with possible implications on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems, bio fertilization of agricultural lands and evolutionary pathways.
将共生系统丝花藻（Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae）暴露于环境相关浓度（即 0.05 和 0.1 g L-1）的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯微纳米塑料（PET-MNPs）中十天。塑料微粒没有对蕨类植物造成任何明显的毒性症状或生长障碍，也没有对叶片解剖结构和叶绿素荧光参数造成任何影响。然而，在处理过的植物中，叶绿素含量出现了下降，同时氮平衡指数（NBI）也出现了下降，而氮平衡指数是植物氮状态的一个信息参数。在存在 MNPs 的情况下，植物对必需元素的吸收能力大幅下降，这表现在组织中钙、镁、钴和锰的浓度降低。暴露在污染物中会损害根系的完整性，并可能影响其养分积累功能，不仅根皮和皮层，维管系统也会受到明显的物理损伤。此外，基于 DNA 对 T. azollae 的估算显示，在 PET 处理过的样本中，固氮蓝藻的相对丰度呈下降趋势。与此同时，显微镜分析显示共生藻的表型发生了变化，连续两个异囊之间的无性细胞数量和异囊大小都有所减少。这项研究首次证明 MNPs 会干扰严格的共生关系，可能对生态系统的氮循环、农田生物肥料化和进化途径产生影响。
{"title":"Impact of PET micro/nanoplastics on the symbiotic system Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae","authors":"Marco Dainelli , Beatrice Chiavacci , Ilaria Colzi , Andrea Coppi , Emilio Corti , Matteo Daghio , Sara Falsini , Sandra Ristori , Alessio Papini , Elisabetta Toni , Carlo Viti , Cristina Gonnelli","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The symbiotic system <em>Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae</em> was exposed for ten days to environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 0.05 and 0.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>) of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs). Plastic particles did not induce any visible toxicity symptoms or growth disorders to the fern, as well as any effects on leaf anatomy and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Nonetheless, in treated plants a decrease of chlorophyll content occurred and was coupled to reduction of Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI), an informative parameter of the plant nitrogen status. In the presence of MNPs, plants exhibited a substantial decline in the absorption of essential elements, as evidenced by decreased tissue concentration of Ca, Mg, Co and Mn. The exposure to the pollutants compromised root integrity and possibly its functioning in nutrient accumulation, with evident physical damages not only in the rhizodermis and cortex, but also in the vascular system. In addition, a DNA-based estimation of <em>T. azollae</em> revealed a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of the N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacteria for PET-treated samples. This was coupled with an alteration of the symbiont's phenotype highlighted by microscopy analysis, showing a reduction in number of vegetative cells between two consecutive heterocysts and in heterocyst size. This work is the first evidence of MNPs disturbing a strict symbiosis, with possible implications on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems, bio fertilization of agricultural lands and evolutionary pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143718"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143721
Shamsunnahar Setu , Sneha Gautam , H. M. Shahnewaz Khan , Md. Abdul Baten , Md. Badiuzzaman Khan
This study examines the impacts of various pollutants on foliar biochemical parameters, including relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and ascorbic acid content, and their relationship with the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). RWC, a crucial indicator of plant resilience, showed a significant positive correlation with APTI values (r = 0.4503, p < 0.05). Species with higher RWC, such as Carica papaya and Cassia fistula, demonstrated enhanced tolerance to pollutants, with RWC values reaching up to 85%. Chlorophyll content, which is vital for photosynthesis, exhibited a significant reduction in polluted areas, with levels ranging from 0.28 to 3.23 mg/g (p < 0.05). Notably, Cassia fistula had high APTI values but lower chlorophyll content, reflecting the complex relationship between tolerance and chlorophyll levels. Leaf extract pH was significantly lower in polluted areas, with pH values consistently below 7, correlating with higher APTI values (p < 0.05). Ascorbic acid content, an important antioxidant, was significantly higher in plants exposed to pollution, with positive correlations to APTI (r = 0.9214) and pH levels (r = 0.62). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified that pH, ascorbic acid, and APTI were positively correlated, while total chlorophyll and RWC showed opposing trends. Sensitivity analysis indicated that RWC (95.84% impact on Carica papaya and 85.92% on Cassia fistula) and pH were the primary factors influencing APTI and Metal Accumulation Index (MAI) values. The findings underscore the role of RWC, chlorophyll, pH, and ascorbic acid as biomarkers for plant responses to pollution and highlight the effectiveness of species with high MAI values in heavy metal accumulation and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Phytomonitoring of air pollution around brick kilns in urban area: Exploring the potential of plants for the remediation of pollutants","authors":"Shamsunnahar Setu , Sneha Gautam , H. M. Shahnewaz Khan , Md. Abdul Baten , Md. Badiuzzaman Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impacts of various pollutants on foliar biochemical parameters, including relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and ascorbic acid content, and their relationship with the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). RWC, a crucial indicator of plant resilience, showed a significant positive correlation with APTI values (r = 0.4503, p < 0.05). Species with higher RWC, such as Carica papaya and Cassia fistula, demonstrated enhanced tolerance to pollutants, with RWC values reaching up to 85%. Chlorophyll content, which is vital for photosynthesis, exhibited a significant reduction in polluted areas, with levels ranging from 0.28 to 3.23 mg/g (p < 0.05). Notably, Cassia fistula had high APTI values but lower chlorophyll content, reflecting the complex relationship between tolerance and chlorophyll levels. Leaf extract pH was significantly lower in polluted areas, with pH values consistently below 7, correlating with higher APTI values (p < 0.05). Ascorbic acid content, an important antioxidant, was significantly higher in plants exposed to pollution, with positive correlations to APTI (r = 0.9214) and pH levels (r = 0.62). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified that pH, ascorbic acid, and APTI were positively correlated, while total chlorophyll and RWC showed opposing trends. Sensitivity analysis indicated that RWC (95.84% impact on Carica papaya and 85.92% on Cassia fistula) and pH were the primary factors influencing APTI and Metal Accumulation Index (MAI) values. The findings underscore the role of RWC, chlorophyll, pH, and ascorbic acid as biomarkers for plant responses to pollution and highlight the effectiveness of species with high MAI values in heavy metal accumulation and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143721"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143724
Kai Xu , Yilun Lan , Chenghua Xing , Yuchun Rao , Engao Zhu , Jianfang Yan , Shaobin Wang , Xi-Lin Wu , Miaozhen Cai , Xiaoguang Duan
While the nanotoxic effects on plants have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms of plant defense responses and resistance to nanostress remain insufficiently understood. Particularly, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) have been extensively used in pigments, pharmaceuticals, electrocatalysis, biosensors and energy storage. However, the impact of PB NPs on plants’ health and growth are largely unknown. Herein, the phytotoxicity of PB NPs to rice and trace the uptake, accumulation and biotransformation of PB NPs was explored, along with the underlying defence mechanisms. The results showed that PB NPs (≥50 mg L−1) significantly inhibited the growth of rice seedling up to 16.16%, 27.80%, and 29.37% in plant height, shoot biomass and root biomass, respectively. The X-ray spectroscopic studies and in vivo elemental and particle-imaging demonstrated that PB NPs were transported through the cortex via xylem from root to shoot. However, most of the PB NPs and their transformation products were retained in the root, where they were blocked owing to root cell wall (RCW) remodeling, and 81.4%–83.4% of Fe accumulated in the RCW compared to 66.6% in the control. Specifically, PB NPs stimulated pectin methylesterase activity by promoting hydrogen peroxide production to participate in RCW remodeling. More interestingly, Si was specifically regulated to covalently bind to hemicellulose to form the Si-hemicellulose complex that strongly bound with PB NPs during RCW remodeling, resulting in the strong defense against PB NPs. These findings provide new insights into the phytotoxicity of artificial NPs and the defense mechanisms of plants.
{"title":"Phytotoxicity of Prussian blue nanoparticles to rice and the related defence mechanisms: In vivo observations and physiological and biochemical analysis","authors":"Kai Xu , Yilun Lan , Chenghua Xing , Yuchun Rao , Engao Zhu , Jianfang Yan , Shaobin Wang , Xi-Lin Wu , Miaozhen Cai , Xiaoguang Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the nanotoxic effects on plants have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms of plant defense responses and resistance to nanostress remain insufficiently understood. Particularly, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) have been extensively used in pigments, pharmaceuticals, electrocatalysis, biosensors and energy storage. However, the impact of PB NPs on plants’ health and growth are largely unknown. Herein, the phytotoxicity of PB NPs to rice and trace the uptake, accumulation and biotransformation of PB NPs was explored, along with the underlying defence mechanisms. The results showed that PB NPs (≥50 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) significantly inhibited the growth of rice seedling up to 16.16%, 27.80%, and 29.37% in plant height, shoot biomass and root biomass, respectively. The X-ray spectroscopic studies and <em>in vivo</em> elemental and particle-imaging demonstrated that PB NPs were transported through the cortex via xylem from root to shoot. However, most of the PB NPs and their transformation products were retained in the root, where they were blocked owing to root cell wall (RCW) remodeling, and 81.4%–83.4% of Fe accumulated in the RCW compared to 66.6% in the control. Specifically, PB NPs stimulated pectin methylesterase activity by promoting hydrogen peroxide production to participate in RCW remodeling. More interestingly, Si was specifically regulated to covalently bind to hemicellulose to form the Si-hemicellulose complex that strongly bound with PB NPs during RCW remodeling, resulting in the strong defense against PB NPs. These findings provide new insights into the phytotoxicity of artificial NPs and the defense mechanisms of plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143724"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143730
Fuat Topuz , Mahmoud A. Abdulhamid
Oil spills pose significant environmental threats to marine ecosystems and indirectly affect human health. They are often caused by tanker accidents and pipeline leaks. The persistence of hydrocarbons in the marine environment and their long-term ecological impacts necessitate efficient remediation strategies. Nanofibrous membranes made from polyimides with varying hydrophobicity present a promising solution for oil spill cleanup and oil/water separation. In this study, electrospun nanofibrous membranes were fabricated using 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) combined with 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid (TrMSA) and 2,3,5,6- tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) to produce bead-free nanofibers at optimized concentrations. These membranes exhibited hydrophobic characteristics and high oil absorption capabilities. The 6FDA-TMPD membrane achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 76.50 ± 7.32 g g−1 for Varinca crude oil, while the 6FDA-TrMSA membrane reached 80.05 ± 6.60 g g−1. In comparison, the commercial 3M™ oil sorbent had a significantly lower capacity of 29.4 ± 3.8 g g−1 for the same oil. The nanofibrous membranes also demonstrated superior performance in adsorbing gasoline and diesel and maintained their effectiveness across multiple cycles, highlighting their potential to mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills.
溢油对海洋生态系统构成重大环境威胁，并间接影响人类健康。它们通常是由油轮事故和管道泄漏造成的。由于碳氢化合物在海洋环境中的持久性及其对生态环境的长期影响，必须采取有效的补救策略。由具有不同疏水性的聚酰亚胺制成的纳米纤维膜为溢油清理和油/水分离提供了一种前景广阔的解决方案。在这项研究中，使用 4,4'-（六氟异丙亚基）二邻苯二甲酸酐（6FDA）结合 3,5-二氨基-2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酸（TrMSA）和 2,3,5,6-四甲基对苯二胺（TMPD），以最佳浓度制造出无珠纳米纤维。这些膜具有疏水特性和高吸油能力。6FDA-TMPD 膜对 Varinca 原油的最大吸附容量为 76.50 ± 7.32 g g-1，而 6FDA-TrMSA 膜则达到 80.05 ± 6.60 g g-1。相比之下，商用 3M™ 油吸附剂对相同油类的吸附容量明显较低，仅为 29.4 ± 3.8 g g-1。纳米纤维膜在吸附汽油和柴油方面也表现出卓越的性能，并在多次循环中保持其有效性，这突显了它们在减轻石油泄漏对环境的影响方面的潜力。
{"title":"Tailored nanofibrous polyimide-based membranes for highly effective oil spill cleanup in marine ecosystems","authors":"Fuat Topuz , Mahmoud A. Abdulhamid","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil spills pose significant environmental threats to marine ecosystems and indirectly affect human health. They are often caused by tanker accidents and pipeline leaks. The persistence of hydrocarbons in the marine environment and their long-term ecological impacts necessitate efficient remediation strategies. Nanofibrous membranes made from polyimides with varying hydrophobicity present a promising solution for oil spill cleanup and oil/water separation. In this study, electrospun nanofibrous membranes were fabricated using 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) combined with 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid (TrMSA) and 2,3,5,6- tetramethyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (TMPD) to produce bead-free nanofibers at optimized concentrations. These membranes exhibited hydrophobic characteristics and high oil absorption capabilities. The 6FDA-TMPD membrane achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 76.50 ± 7.32 g g<sup>−1</sup> for Varinca crude oil, while the 6FDA-TrMSA membrane reached 80.05 ± 6.60 g g<sup>−1</sup>. In comparison, the commercial 3M™ oil sorbent had a significantly lower capacity of 29.4 ± 3.8 g g<sup>−1</sup> for the same oil. The nanofibrous membranes also demonstrated superior performance in adsorbing gasoline and diesel and maintained their effectiveness across multiple cycles, highlighting their potential to mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143730"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An environmentally friendly approach for caffeine degradation was explored in this study utilizing cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (CDBD) plasma. The current-voltage characteristics and the plasma parameters of the CDBD, such as the electron temperature, electron density, density of nitrogen excited states, vibrational temperature, and rotational temperature, were assessed through electrical and optical characterization respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to evaluate the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the plasma-treated air. The physicochemical properties of deionized water (DW) were measured. To gain a deeper insight into the role of RONS in caffeine degradation, their concentrations in DW were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of initial concentration, sample volume, and pH on caffeine degradation were investigated. The highest degradation of caffeine was 94% at initial concentration of 50 mg L−1, sample volume 50 mL and in neutral pH. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was then used to propose the degradation pathway for caffeine. The major reactive species involved in caffeine degradation was ozone. Finally, the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of caffeine were assessed before and after plasma treatment with plasma-treated caffeine (PTC) showing minimal toxicity to both plants and cells.
{"title":"Enhanced degradation of aqueous caffeine via cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Efficacy and toxicity insights","authors":"Roshani Dahal, Oat Bahadur Dhakal, Tirtha Raj Acharya, Prajwal Lamichhane, Khadija Akter, Eun Ha Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An environmentally friendly approach for caffeine degradation was explored in this study utilizing cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (CDBD) plasma. The current-voltage characteristics and the plasma parameters of the CDBD, such as the electron temperature, electron density, density of nitrogen excited states, vibrational temperature, and rotational temperature, were assessed through electrical and optical characterization respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to evaluate the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the plasma-treated air. The physicochemical properties of deionized water (DW) were measured. To gain a deeper insight into the role of RONS in caffeine degradation, their concentrations in DW were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of initial concentration, sample volume, and pH on caffeine degradation were investigated. The highest degradation of caffeine was 94% at initial concentration of 50 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, sample volume 50 mL and in neutral pH. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was then used to propose the degradation pathway for caffeine. The major reactive species involved in caffeine degradation was ozone. Finally, the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of caffeine were assessed before and after plasma treatment with plasma-treated caffeine (PTC) showing minimal toxicity to both plants and cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 143620"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143588
Rahma Bouchnak , Tahani El Ayari , Imen Rabeh , Oumaima Salhi , Foued Aloui , Ahmed Maamouri , Carlos Gravato , Monia Trabelsi , Lazhar Mhadhbi
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP) have been designated as emerging and persistent pollutants, respectively. The combined effects of those pollutants are still unknown, especially to organisms like phytoplankton that may adsorb to their surface. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the effects of PE-MP alone and in combination with PCP on the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, clone t-ISO following 72 h of exposure. Photosynthetic pigments amounts, carotenoid, protein, carbohydrate and fatty acids have been assessed. Acute toxicity test showed that the 72 h median inhibition concentration (72 h-EC50) was 148.2, 0.66 and 087 mg L−1 for PE-MP, PCP and their mixture. The utmost effects in growth inhibition rates were noted with 0.5 and 1.25 mg L−1 PCP (23% and 85%, respectively), and 100 and 300 mg L−1 PE-MP (49% and 64%, respectively). Moreover, it was found that those concentrations had a major impact on the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrate, and fatty acids amounts in algal cells. Furthermore, levels of H2O2 and Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), indicated the induction of an oxidative stress in algal cells. It appears that adding PE-MP at a no-effect concentration (25 mg L−1) reduces the toxicity caused by PCP due to its adsorption to polyethylene microplastics.
{"title":"Polyethylene microplastic modulates the toxicity of pentachlorophenol to the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, clone t-ISO","authors":"Rahma Bouchnak , Tahani El Ayari , Imen Rabeh , Oumaima Salhi , Foued Aloui , Ahmed Maamouri , Carlos Gravato , Monia Trabelsi , Lazhar Mhadhbi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP) have been designated as emerging and persistent pollutants, respectively. The combined effects of those pollutants are still unknown, especially to organisms like phytoplankton that may adsorb to their surface. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the effects of PE-MP alone and in combination with PCP on the microalgae <em>Isochrysis galbana</em>, clone t-ISO following 72 h of exposure. Photosynthetic pigments amounts, carotenoid, protein, carbohydrate and fatty acids have been assessed. Acute toxicity test showed that the 72 h median inhibition concentration (72 h-EC<sub>50</sub>) was 148.2, 0.66 and 087 mg L<sup>−1</sup> for PE-MP, PCP and their mixture. The utmost effects in growth inhibition rates were noted with 0.5 and 1.25 mg L<sup>−1</sup> PCP (23% and 85%, respectively), and 100 and 300 mg L<sup>−1</sup> PE-MP (49% and 64%, respectively). Moreover, it was found that those concentrations had a major impact on the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrate, and fatty acids amounts in algal cells. Furthermore, levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), indicated the induction of an oxidative stress in algal cells. It appears that adding PE-MP at a no-effect concentration (25 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) reduces the toxicity caused by PCP due to its adsorption to polyethylene microplastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 143588"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143638
Yang Sun, Younes Ahmadi, Ki-Hyun Kim
The practical utility of activated carbon/titanium dioxide (AC/TiO2) composite has been investigated for the abatement of a common aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC), toluene. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the prepared AC/TiO2 composites (ACT-x: x as the theoretical mass ratio (in percent) of AC over TiO2 ranging from 0% to 10%) is evaluated individually against gaseous toluene using a packed flow tube reactor under varying operational conditions (e.g., relative humidity and gaseous pollutant composition). The presence of AC in the composite significantly increases the adsorption capacity (Q) such as 1.71 mg g−1 for ACT-10 relative to 0.01 mg g−1 for ACT-0. The ACT-5, with 3.6% C, exhibits the maximum photocatalytic removal efficiency (XT = 93.77%), quantum efficiency (QE; 1.63 × 10−4 molecules photon−1), space time yield (STY; 1.99 × 10−5 molecules photon−1 mg−1), and specific clear air delivery rate (SCADR; 686.2 L h−1 g−1) among all the ACT compositions tested. ACT-5 exhibits enhanced potential for adsorption and in-situ degradation-desorption to facilitate the removal of VOCs with the reduced yield of by-products. The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicate the formation of several intermediate by-products during the photocatalytic degradation process, including benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, phenol, and alkane species. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of ACT is demonstrated to be superior to those of other TiO2-based photocatalysts. Accordingly, the ACT composite is recommended as a promising medium for the abatement of aromatic VOCs in indoor air.
{"title":"Facile synthesis of activated carbon/titanium dioxide composite and its application for adsorptive/photocatalytic removal of gaseous toluene","authors":"Yang Sun, Younes Ahmadi, Ki-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practical utility of activated carbon/titanium dioxide (AC/TiO<sub>2</sub>) composite has been investigated for the abatement of a common aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC), toluene. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the prepared AC/TiO<sub>2</sub> composites (ACT-x: x as the theoretical mass ratio (in percent) of AC over TiO<sub>2</sub> ranging from 0% to 10%) is evaluated individually against gaseous toluene using a packed flow tube reactor under varying operational conditions (e.g., relative humidity and gaseous pollutant composition). The presence of AC in the composite significantly increases the adsorption capacity (Q) such as 1.71 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for ACT-10 relative to 0.01 mg g<sup>−1</sup> for ACT-0. The ACT-5, with 3.6% C, exhibits the maximum photocatalytic removal efficiency (X<sub>T</sub> = 93.77%), quantum efficiency (QE; 1.63 × 10<sup>−4</sup> molecules photon<sup>−1</sup>), space time yield (STY; 1.99 × 10<sup>−5</sup> molecules photon<sup>−1</sup> mg<sup>−1</sup>), and specific clear air delivery rate (SCADR; 686.2 L h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) among all the ACT compositions tested. ACT-5 exhibits enhanced potential for adsorption and in-situ degradation-desorption to facilitate the removal of VOCs with the reduced yield of by-products. The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicate the formation of several intermediate by-products during the photocatalytic degradation process, including benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, phenol, and alkane species. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of ACT is demonstrated to be superior to those of other TiO<sub>2</sub>-based photocatalysts. Accordingly, the ACT composite is recommended as a promising medium for the abatement of aromatic VOCs in indoor air.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 143638"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143600
Amirah M. Norhayati, Christoph D. Matthaei, Travis Ingram
Plastics are pervasive pollutants that are being produced at an increasing rate to meet consumer demands. After entering the environment, plastics can break down, creating smaller fragments, including secondary microplastics. Microplastic contamination in lakes has been recorded worldwide, and the ingestion of microplastics has been documented in zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. Microplastic ingestion and exposure can cause varying deleterious effects on these organism groups, but the impact of realistic microplastic concentrations on whole freshwater food webs requires further study. We addressed these knowledge gaps by conducting an 8-week experiment factorially crossing microplastic addition at a concentration of 1.5 particles/L with a fish predator (perch, Perca fluviatilus) presence in 1200-L outdoor mesocosms. Microplastic exposure had time-varying effects on zooplankton abundance, with a lower abundance of zooplankton in plastic treatments at the end of the experiment. Although microplastics had no impact on total macroinvertebrate abundance, there were effects on individual taxa. In the presence of microplastics, the cased caddisfly Triplectides spp. had a significantly lower abundance, which may have led to an increase in the snail Gyraulus spp. in week eight. Across the benthic and pelagic invertebrate communities, there were near-significant compositional differences between control and plastic treatments. These findings indicate that microplastic exposure may negatively impact freshwater invertebrate communities, even at low, field-realistic concentrations representative of the densities currently found in lakes.
{"title":"The impact of microplastics on lake communities: A mesocosm study","authors":"Amirah M. Norhayati, Christoph D. Matthaei, Travis Ingram","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics are pervasive pollutants that are being produced at an increasing rate to meet consumer demands. After entering the environment, plastics can break down, creating smaller fragments, including secondary microplastics. Microplastic contamination in lakes has been recorded worldwide, and the ingestion of microplastics has been documented in zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. Microplastic ingestion and exposure can cause varying deleterious effects on these organism groups, but the impact of realistic microplastic concentrations on whole freshwater food webs requires further study. We addressed these knowledge gaps by conducting an 8-week experiment factorially crossing microplastic addition at a concentration of 1.5 particles/L with a fish predator (perch, <em>Perca fluviatilus</em>) presence in 1200-L outdoor mesocosms. Microplastic exposure had time-varying effects on zooplankton abundance, with a lower abundance of zooplankton in plastic treatments at the end of the experiment. Although microplastics had no impact on total macroinvertebrate abundance, there were effects on individual taxa. In the presence of microplastics, the cased caddisfly <em>Triplectides</em> spp. had a significantly lower abundance, which may have led to an increase in the snail <em>Gyraulus</em> spp. in week eight. Across the benthic and pelagic invertebrate communities, there were near-significant compositional differences between control and plastic treatments. These findings indicate that microplastic exposure may negatively impact freshwater invertebrate communities, even at low, field-realistic concentrations representative of the densities currently found in lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 143600"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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