Chemosphere最新文献_第8页

Unexpected nanoscale CeO2 structural transformations induced by ecologically relevant phosphate species 生态相关磷酸盐物种诱发的意想不到的纳米级 CeO2 结构转变。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143664

Tatiana V. Plakhova , Maria A. Vyshegorodtseva , Irina F. Seregina , Roman D. Svetogorov , Alexander L. Trigub , Daniil A. Kozlov , Alexander V. Egorov , Maria D. Shaulskaya , Dmitry M. Tsymbarenko , Anna Yu. Romanchuk , Vladimir K. Ivanov , Stepan N. Kalmykov

In the present study, the dissolution and microstructural transformation of CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) in a phosphate-containing milieu were investigated. The dissolution behaviour of 2 nm and 5 nm CeO₂ NPs in phosphate buffer solutions was found to differ markedly from that observed in 0.01 M NaClO₄. Through synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the interaction between CeO₂ NPs and phosphate species was examined, revealing the transformation of the oxide into sodium-cerium double phosphate, with cerium predominantly existing in the Ce(IV) state. According to scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations, thus formed Na-Ce(IV) phosphate consists of spindle-like aggregates of nanocrystalline rods, presumably formed during phosphate anions sorption on the initial CeO₂ surface. Pair distribution function analysis revealed that Na-Ce(IV) phosphate has a three-dimensional framework crystal structure, similar to NaTh₂(PO₄)₃, as reported earlier, with large channels along the c-axis containing disordered sodium atoms. This study represents the first detailed analysis of phosphate-induced speciation and microstructural transformation of CeO₂ NPs, resulting in the formation of Ce(IV) phosphate. Similar processes may occur in natural ecosystems upon the introduction of CeO₂ NPs.

本研究调查了 CeO2 纳米粒子 (NPs) 在含磷酸盐环境中的溶解和微观结构转变。研究发现，2 nm 和 5 nm CeO2 NPs 在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的溶解行为与在 0.01 M NaClO4 溶液中的溶解行为明显不同。通过同步辐射 X 射线衍射分析和 X 射线吸收光谱，研究了 CeO2 NPs 与磷酸盐物种之间的相互作用，发现氧化物转变为钠铈双磷酸盐，铈主要以 Ce（IV）态存在。根据扫描和透射电子显微镜观察，由此形成的 Na-Ce(IV)磷酸盐由纺锤形的纳米晶棒聚集体组成，这可能是在最初的 CeO2 表面吸附磷酸盐阴离子时形成的。配位分布函数分析表明，Na-Ce(IV) 磷酸盐具有三维框架晶体结构，类似于早先报道的 NaTh2(PO4)3，沿 c 轴有包含无序钠原子的大通道。本研究首次详细分析了磷酸盐诱导的 CeO2 NPs 分化和微结构转变，从而形成了磷酸铈（IV）。在自然生态系统中引入 CeO2 NPs 时也可能会发生类似的过程。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and intestinal damage induced by ingestion of microplastics in Leuciscus waleckii: The role of the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway 微塑料摄入诱导海鲮线粒体功能障碍和肠道损伤的机制：NF-κB/Nrf2信号通路的作用。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143676

Si Ying Liu , Deng Lai Li , Rui Zhu , Si Tong Meng , Yin Tao Wang , Liang Li , Zhi Yong Yang , Li Fang Wu

This study investigates the impact of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the growth, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and intestinal health of Leuciscus waleckii (3.00 ± 0.02 g) juveniles over 8 weeks. Our findings indicate that exposure to PS-MPs negatively affected the growth of Leuciscus waleckii, resulting in digestive disturbances. Furthermore, PS-MPs triggered immune dysfunction and oxidative stress through the activation of the NF-κB pathway and suppression of the Nrf2 signaling cascade. PS-MPs damaged intestinal tissue and compromised the intestinal barrier. Additionally, mitochondrial homeostasis was disrupted, activating endogenous mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing disclosed that PS-MPs provoked shifts in the intestinal microbiota. Mantel analysis indicates significant correlations between growth parameters and the activities of enzymes related to antioxidant defense, immunity, apoptosis, and mitochondria, as well as with the gut microbiota. In summary, our study reveals that PS-MPs induce intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in Leuciscus waleckii by activating the NF-κB pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway while repressing the Nrf2 signaling, ultimately leading to cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal microbiota imbalance, and growth inhibition.

本研究调查了聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS-MPs）对海鲈幼鱼（3.00±0.02 克）的生长、免疫、氧化应激、线粒体功能和肠道健康的影响。我们的研究结果表明，接触 PS-MPs 会对海鯈鱼的生长产生负面影响，导致消化功能紊乱。此外，PS-MPs 还通过激活 NF-κB 通路和抑制 Nrf2 信号级联，引发免疫功能紊乱和氧化应激。PS-MPs 会破坏肠道组织，损害肠道屏障。此外，线粒体平衡被破坏，激活了内源性线粒体凋亡途径，最终导致细胞凋亡。高通量 16S rRNA 测序显示，PS-MPs 引起了肠道微生物群的变化。曼特尔分析表明，生长参数与抗氧化防御、免疫、细胞凋亡和线粒体相关酶的活性以及肠道微生物群之间存在明显的相关性。总之，我们的研究揭示了 PS-MPs 通过激活 NF-κB 通路和线粒体内在凋亡通路，同时抑制 Nrf2 信号传导，诱导核桃蛭的肠道炎症和氧化应激，最终导致细胞凋亡、线粒体功能障碍、肠道微生物群失衡和生长抑制。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive multi-tiered approach to assessing weather penalties on O3 levels and exceedance days in Seoul using generalized additive models (2001–2019) 利用广义相加模型评估首尔臭氧浓度和超标天数的多层次综合天气惩罚方法（2001-2019 年）。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143687

Min Young Shin , Hyung Joo Lee

Over the past two decades, ambient O₃ air pollution in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, has increased. As a secondary air pollutant, O₃ is affected not only by precursor gas emissions but also by meteorological conditions. This study examined the influence of weather changes in Seoul for 2001–2019 on the long-term daily maximum 8-h O₃ concentration (MDA8 O₃) trends measured at 25 monitoring sites. As the relationship between O₃ and meteorological variables may not be linear, we used a generalized additive model framework to estimate O₃ trends, incorporating quantile and logistic regressions for continuous O₃ data and O₃ exceedance days (>60 ppb), respectively. Over the 19-year period, the O₃ concentrations in Seoul increased by 14.7 (SD = 3.2) and 13.1 (SD = 3.1) ppb before and after adjusting for local meteorology, respectively, resulting in an average weather penalty of 1.55 ppb. Seasonal variations in the penalty were substantial, showing a greater penalty (4.5 ppb) during the warm season (May–October) than during the cold season (November–April). Furthermore, the increase in O₃ concentration was more pronounced on days with comparatively high O₃ levels. During the warm season, the weather penalties on O₃ trends reached 3.7–4.0 ppb on high-O₃ days (75^th, 95^th, and 99^th percentiles). From 2001 to 2019, the O₃ exceedance days started 2.66 days earlier and ended 2.30 days later per year, extending the peak-O₃ season by approximately 89 days in total. Weather changes accelerated the upward trend in the odds ratio of O₃ exceedance days by 3.8 years. Our findings indicate that O₃ exceedance days can occur in nearly all months owing to weather changes. The significant weather penalties on O₃ concentrations and exceedance days emphasize the need for a comprehensive O₃ air pollution mitigation strategy, considering non-emission factors that are increasingly being recognized in the context of climate change.

过去二十年来，韩国首都首尔的环境 O3 空气污染日益严重。作为一种二次空气污染物，O3 不仅受到前体气体排放的影响，还受到气象条件的影响。本研究考察了 2001-2019 年首尔天气变化对 25 个监测点测得的每日最大 8 小时臭氧浓度（MDA8 O3）长期趋势的影响。由于臭氧与气象变量之间可能不是线性关系，我们采用了广义相加模型框架来估计臭氧趋势，分别对连续臭氧数据和臭氧超标天数（>60 ppb）进行了量化回归和逻辑回归。在 19 年的时间里，首尔的臭氧浓度在根据当地气象进行调整之前和之后分别增加了 14.7（SD= 3.2）和 13.1（SD= 3.1）ppb，导致平均天气惩罚为 1.55 ppb。惩罚的季节性变化很大，显示暖季（5 月至 10 月）的惩罚（4.5 ppb）大于冷季（11 月至 4 月）。此外，在臭氧浓度相对较高的日子里，臭氧浓度的增加更为明显。在暖季，在臭氧浓度较高的日子（第 75、95 和 99 百分位数），天气对臭氧趋势的惩罚达到 3.7-4.0 ppb。从 2001 年到 2019 年，O3 超标日每年提前 2.66 天开始，推迟 2.30 天结束，O3 高峰季节总共延长了约 89 天。天气变化使臭氧超标日的几率上升趋势加快了 3.8 年。我们的研究结果表明，由于天气变化，几乎所有月份都可能出现臭氧超标日。天气对臭氧浓度和超标天数的重大影响突出表明，有必要制定一项全面的臭氧空气污染减缓战略，同时考虑在气候变化背景下日益得到认可的非排放因素。

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引用次数: 0

Towards harmonization of metal(loid)s determination in conventional and compostable plastics: Comparison of acid digestion protocols in LDPE and PBAT/TPS blends 统一传统塑料和可堆肥塑料中的金属（loid）分析：低密度聚乙烯和 PBAT/TPS 混合物中酸性消化方案的比较。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143581

Stefano Carnati , Andrea Pozzi , Davide Spanu , Roberta Bettinetti , Luca Nizzetto , Gabriela Kalčíková , Ludovica Botta , Gilberto Binda

The determination of metal-containing additives in plastic materials via acid digestion protocols has attracted growing interest to address potential environmental implications. However, the lack of protocol harmonization hinders data comparability within the literature. Here, six acid digestion protocols were employed to determine the metal(loid) content in plastics: these included three different acid mixtures (HNO₃ combined with H₂SO₄, HCl or H₂O₂) for microwave-assisted digestion, with or without an additional room-temperature digestion step with H₂O₂.

Each protocol was first validated for seven metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) using a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) certified reference material (ERM®-EC681m). Then, validated protocols were applied on end-use materials, including conventional (i.e., LDPE) and compostable (i.e., PBAT/TPS) plastics.

The combination of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ with a further digestion step with H₂O₂ was the most suitable protocol: it successfully passed validation thresholds for all metal(loid)s (recoveries in the range 98.6–101.0 %) and yielded the highest concentrations in end-use materials. All other protocols resulted in a less efficient digestion of the sample matrix, leading to lower recoveries and the formation of solid residues. Notably, end-use plastics showed a great variability in metal(loid) concentrations, likely due to their additive-rich composition, in contrast to the minimal content of acid-soluble additives of the reference material.

This study represents an initial step towards the harmonization of acid digestion protocols and highlights new challenges in accurately analyzing end-use plastic materials, due to their complex additive composition.

通过酸消化规程分析塑料材料中的含金属添加剂以解决潜在的环境影响问题已引起越来越多的关注。然而，由于缺乏统一的方案，妨碍了文献中数据的可比性。在此，我们采用了六种酸消解方案来测定塑料中的金属（loid）含量：其中包括三种不同的酸混合物（HNO3 与 H2SO4、HCl 或 H2O2 混合），用于微波辅助消解，可选择是否使用 H2O2 进行额外的室温消解步骤。首先使用低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）认证参考材料（ERM®-EC681m）对每种方案的七种金属（惰性气体）（砷、镉、铬、铅、锑、锡和锌）进行验证。然后，将经过验证的方案应用于最终使用材料，包括传统塑料（即 LDPE）和可堆肥塑料（即 PBAT/TPS）。H2SO4 和 HNO3 的组合以及 H2O2 的进一步消化步骤是最合适的方案：它成功地通过了所有金属（loid）的验证阈值（回收率在 98.6 - 101.0 % 之间），并在最终使用材料中产生了最高的浓度。所有其他方案都会降低样品基质的消化效率，导致回收率降低并形成固体残留物。值得注意的是，最终使用塑料中的金属（loid）浓度变化很大，这可能是由于其成分中含有大量添加剂，而参照材料中的酸溶性添加剂含量极低。这项研究为统一酸消化规程迈出了第一步，同时也凸显了由于塑料添加剂成分复杂，准确分析最终使用塑料材料所面临的新挑战。

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引用次数: 0

A convenient reduction method for the detection of low concentration free available chlorine——utilizing sodium sulfite as a quencher 一种检测低浓度游离可得氯的简便还原法--利用亚硫酸钠作为淬灭剂。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143631

Meiyao Han , Shiyue Huang , Xiaoxiao Zhang , Ke Zhang

Chlorine, serving as the mainstream disinfectant, can react with dissolved organic matter (DOM) to form undeserved disinfection by-products (DBPs). Free available chlorine (FAC) concentration is crucial to ensure effective disinfection while minimizing the formation of toxic DBPs. In this study, we propose a convenient method using sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) to reduce oxidized chlorine in FAC. The molar concentration of reduced chloride ion (Cl⁻) was quantified directly by ion chromatography to reflect FAC concentration. Compared with common FAC detection techniques including DPD colorimetry, iodometry, and UV methods, this novel reduction method exhibits a lower detection limit and is more resistant to interference. Common water matrices, such as DOM and anions did not affect the method accuracy (< 3.6%). Furthermore, carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) like regulated trihalomethanes and halogenacetic acids, unregulated aromatic chlorophenols, did not interfere with the determination of FAC by using this reduction method. This lack of interference can be attributed to the low redox potential of Na₂SO₃, which does not readily react with these C-DBPs. However, nitrogenated DBPs (N-DBPs) like dichloroacetonitrile displayed slight interference (the effect of common dichloroacetonitrile concentration in water on FAC was less than 0.0007 μM). This suggests that this method is well-suited for determining FAC in chlorination processes where the C-DBPs predominated. Overall, the reduction method enables precise determination of FAC and proves valuable in assessing residual chlorine levels in both laboratory and real disinfected water samples dominated by C-DBPs.

作为主流消毒剂的氯会与溶解有机物 (DOM) 发生反应，形成不应有的消毒副产物 (DBP)。游离可得氯（FAC）的浓度对于确保有效消毒，同时最大限度地减少有毒 DBPs 的形成至关重要。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种使用亚硫酸钠（Na2SO3）还原游离可得氯中氧化氯的简便方法。还原氯离子（Cl-）的摩尔浓度通过离子色谱法直接定量，以反映 FAC 的浓度。与常见的 FAC 检测技术（包括 DPD 比色法、碘测定法和紫外法）相比，这种新型还原法的检测限更低，抗干扰能力更强。常见的水基质（如 DOM 和阴离子）不会影响该方法的准确性（< 3.6%）。此外，采用这种还原法测定碳质 DBP（C-DBP），如受管制的三卤甲烷和卤乙酸、未受管制的芳香族氯酚，也不会对 FAC 的测定产生干扰。这种不干扰可归因于 Na2SO3 的氧化还原电位较低，不易与这些 C-DBPs 发生反应。然而，二氯乙腈等氮化 DBPs（N-DBPs）则显示出轻微的干扰（水中普通二氯乙腈浓度对 FAC 的影响小于 0.0007 μM）。这表明该方法非常适合在氯化过程中测定以 C-DBPs 为主的 FAC。总之，还原法可以精确测定 FAC，对于评估实验室和以 C-DBPs 为主的实际消毒水样中的余氯水平都很有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Parabens, triclosan, and triclocarban in aquatic products from Shenzhen, China and the relative health risk 中国深圳水产品中的对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯生和三氯卡班及其相对健康风险。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143652

Qinru Xiao , Xiaoqiong Xu , Leyi Chen , Bingyi Fu , Jiajun Cao , Jiayi Liu , Han Zhang , Shaoyou Lu

The consumption of contaminated aquatic products may expose humans to residues of parabens, triclosan (TCS), and triclocarban (TCC). Despite its significance, empirical research on this issue remains limited. In this study, we employed high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to analyze extracts from 245 aquatic product samples collected randomly from local markets in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. Our analysis detected at least one of the five parabens—methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MeP), ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EtP), propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PrP), butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (BuP), and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (BeP)—in 88 samples (35.9%). TCS and TCC were found in 50.6% and 51.4% of the samples, respectively, with MeP being the most frequently detected paraben. Significant negative correlations were observed between TCS and MeP (r = −0.129, p < 0.05) and between TCC and MeP (r = −0.176, p < 0.05), indicating potential different sources for these contaminants. Residue levels varied among different types of aquatic products, with TCS and TCC concentrations being higher in fish compared to crustaceans and bivalves. The health risk associated with consuming these contaminants was found to be minimal for both males and females. This study provides valuable insights into the dietary risks associated with exposure to parabens, TCS, and TCC.

食用受污染的水产品可能会使人类接触到对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯生（TCS）和三氯卡班（TCC）的残留物。尽管其意义重大，但有关这一问题的实证研究仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）分析了从广东省深圳市当地市场随机采集的 245 份水产品样品的提取物。我们的分析在 88 个样品（35.9%）中检测到至少一种对羟基苯甲酸酯--4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）、4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯（BuP）和 4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯（BeP）。在 50.6% 和 51.4% 的样品中分别发现了对羟基苯甲酸三辛酯和对羟基苯甲酸三CC，其中 MeP 是最常检测到的对羟基苯甲酸酯。TCS 和 MeP 之间（r = -0.129，p < 0.05）以及 TCC 和 MeP 之间（r = -0.176，p < 0.05）呈显著负相关，表明这些污染物的潜在来源不同。不同类型水产品的残留水平各不相同，与甲壳类动物和双壳类动物相比，鱼类体内的三氯碳氢化合物和三氯苯甲醚浓度较高。研究发现，摄入这些污染物对男性和女性造成的健康风险都很小。这项研究为了解与接触对羟基苯甲酸酯、三氯碳氢化合物和三氯苯甲醚有关的膳食风险提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the impact of residual low chlorine concentration on phytoplankton communities by flow cytometry 通过流式细胞仪评估低浓度余氯对浮游植物群落的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143634

Marta Vannoni , Alastair Grant , Dave Sheahan , Véronique Créach

Chlorination is widely used to prevent biological fouling in power station cooling water systems. It may impact non-target organisms both within the cooling system and after discharge (primary and secondary entrainment). However, there is a lack of data on the impacts of the low chlorine concentrations that occur in the discharged plume on marine phytoplankton community structure and function.

We examine the impacts on natural phytoplankton communities of single and multiple exposures to chlorination at concentrations between 0.02 and 0.1 mg/L total residual oxidants (TRO). Low-level chlorination causes limited changes in diversity and has no impact on total biomass. However, changes in size structure and functional diversity quantified using flow cytometry do show a reduction in smaller cells, particularly eukaryote picophytoplankton.

These impacts are not detectable using chlorophyll a concentration alone, so flow cytometry provides important additional information over more standard ecotoxicological methods.

The effects are likely to be localised in the vicinity of the discharges (mixing zone) where the environmental quality standard (EQS) of 10 μg/L for chlorine is exceeded, but impacts on coastal food webs and biogeochemical cycles should be further evaluated.

氯化被广泛用于防止电站冷却水系统中的生物污垢。它可能会对冷却系统内和排放后（一次和二次夹带）的非目标生物产生影响。然而，关于排放羽流中低浓度氯对海洋浮游植物群落结构和功能的影响，目前还缺乏相关数据。我们研究了单次和多次暴露于 0.02 至 0.1 毫克/升总残留氧化剂 (TRO) 浓度的氯化对自然浮游植物群落的影响。低浓度氯化对多样性的影响有限，对总生物量也没有影响。不过，使用流式细胞仪量化的大小结构和功能多样性的变化确实显示出较小细胞的减少，尤其是真核浮游微藻。仅使用叶绿素 a 浓度无法检测到这些影响，因此流式细胞仪提供了比标准生态毒理学方法更重要的额外信息。这些影响很可能局限在排放口附近（混合区），那里的氯含量超过了 10 μg/L 的环境质量标准 (EQS)，但对沿岸食物网和生物地球化学循环的影响还需进一步评估。

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引用次数: 0

New insights into the improved contaminants removal in SBR by intermittently weak ultrasound 间歇性弱超声改善 SBR 中污染物去除的新见解。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143674

Jingshen Zhang , Jinlin Wang , Guirong Li , Shengyong Jia , Hongjun Han , Fengchang Wu , Yuanhu Pei

The combination of intermittently weak ultrasound and sequencing batch reactor was thoroughly investigated to elucidate the relationship between enhanced contaminants removal and activated sludge characteristics, microbial composition, and regulation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). At 12 °C, irradiation with an ultrasound intensity of 9.68 W/L, an irradiation time of 10 min, and an interval time of 24 h led to significant increases in COD, NH₄⁺−N, and TP removals with the rates of 93.10 ± 1.51%, 95.75 ± 0.76%, and 92.52 ± 0.95%, respectively. The intermittently weak ultrasound enhanced contaminants removal was primarily attributed to the stimulated microbial metabolism, in which the mechanical oscillation rather than free radical oxidation facilitated the loosening of activated sludge flocs and promoted microorganism proliferation. Elevating the ultrasound intensity or irradiation time could weaken the effect of enhancing ammonia−oxidizing bacteria activity and suppressing nitrite−oxidizing bacteria activity. The results revealed that intermittently weak ultrasound primarily affected the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), with protein nitrogen playing a more significant role than polysaccharide within EPS against ultrasound−induced stress. Furthermore, ultrasound irradiation elevated the energy barrier in total−binding EPS interaction energy curves, thereby inhibiting activated sludge aggregation. Over prolonged operation, the relative abundance of the prevalent denitrifying genus Thauera increased by 90.3%, whereas that of the fully aerobic denitrifier and nitrite producer Dokdonella increased by 68.7%. The intermittently weak ultrasound induced enhancement of microbial metabolism−related DEGs pathways, which served as the main contributor to the improved contaminants removal. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which intermittently weak ultrasound enhances the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment.

为了阐明污染物去除率的提高与活性污泥特性、微生物组成以及差异表达基因（DEGs）调控之间的关系，我们对间歇性弱超声波与序批式反应器的结合进行了深入研究。在 12 °C、超声强度为 9.68 W/L、辐照时间为 10 分钟、间隔时间为 24 小时的条件下，COD、NH4+-N 和 TP 的去除率显著提高，分别为 93.10±1.51%、95.75±0.76% 和 92.52±0.95%。间歇性微弱超声波增强污染物去除的主要原因是刺激了微生物的新陈代谢，其中机械振荡而非自由基氧化促进了活性污泥絮体的松动，并促进了微生物的增殖。提高超声波强度或辐照时间可削弱增强氨氧化细菌活性和抑制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌活性的效果。结果表明，间歇性弱超声主要影响胞外聚合物（EPS），EPS 中的蛋白质氮比多糖对超声诱导的应激有更显著的作用。此外，超声辐照提高了 EPS 总结合相互作用能量曲线的能量势垒，从而抑制了活性污泥的聚集。在长时间的运行过程中，盛行的反硝化菌属 Thauera 的相对丰度增加了 90.3%，而完全好氧反硝化菌和亚硝酸盐产生菌 Dokdonella 的相对丰度增加了 68.7%。间歇性微弱超声诱导了微生物代谢相关 DEGs 途径的增强，这是污染物去除率提高的主要原因。这些发现为研究间歇性弱超声增强生物废水处理效果的机制提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Role of polylactic acid microplastics during anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and Chinese cabbage waste enhanced by nanobubble 纳米气泡强化的聚乳酸微塑料在牛粪和大白菜废弃物厌氧共消化过程中的作用

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143639

Peilin Guo, Tianfeng Wang, Jie Wang, Jiazi Niu, Cheng Peng, Jiabei Shan, Yu Zhang, Haizhou Huang, Jixiang Chen

With the increasing use of plastic products globally, environmental pollution by plastic waste is becoming increasingly problematic. This study investigated the impacts of two types of polylactic acid microplastics, clear microplastics and aluminised film microplastics, on methane yield, microbial community, and volatile fatty acid accumulation during anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and Chinese cabbage waste under different temperature conditions. The influence of the addition of air nanobubbles on microplastic degradation in the anaerobic digestion system we also examined. The results revealed that under thermophilic conditions, clear and aluminised film microplastics increased the methane yield, with the latter resulting in greater improvement. Conversely, under mesophilic conditions, the presence of microplastics reduced the methane yield, but the addition of air-nanobubble partially mitigated this effect. Microplastics also affected the microbial community, with specific species showing correlations with methane yield. Methanothermobacter, which is linked to lactic acid conversion, was positively correlated with methane yield, whereas Methanomassiliicoccus levels increased in the presence of microplastics, particularly in the inhibited state of the digester. These results suggest that, under thermophilic conditions, microplastics may increase the cumulative methane yield by facilitating the degradation of lactic acid monomers. Furthermore, the aluminised film on microplastics could serve as an electrically conductive material during anaerobic digestion, potentially increasing the methane yield.

随着全球塑料产品使用量的不断增加，塑料垃圾对环境的污染问题日益严重。本研究调查了两种聚乳酸微塑料（透明微塑料和镀铝膜微塑料）在不同温度条件下厌氧协同消化牛粪和大白菜废弃物过程中对甲烷产量、微生物群落和挥发性脂肪酸积累的影响。我们还研究了在厌氧消化系统中添加纳米气泡对微塑料降解的影响。结果显示，在嗜热条件下，透明膜和镀铝膜微塑料增加了甲烷产量，后者的改善幅度更大。相反，在中嗜热条件下，微塑料的存在降低了甲烷产量，但空气纳米气泡的加入部分缓解了这种影响。微塑料还影响了微生物群落，特定物种与甲烷产量相关。与乳酸转化有关的甲烷热杆菌与甲烷产量呈正相关，而甲烷纤毛球菌的含量在微塑料存在时有所增加，尤其是在消化器的抑制状态下。这些结果表明，在嗜热条件下，微塑料可通过促进乳酸单体的降解来增加累积甲烷产量。此外，在厌氧消化过程中，微塑料上的镀铝膜可作为导电材料，从而有可能增加甲烷产量。

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引用次数: 0

Allergic potential & molecular mechanism of skin sensitization of cinnamaldehyde under environmental UVB exposure 环境紫外线照射下肉桂醛的过敏潜力及皮肤过敏的分子机制

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143508

Sunil Kumar Patel , Apeksha Vikram , Diksha Pathania , Rashi Chugh , Prakriti Gaur , Gaurav Prajapati , Sumana Y. Kotian , G.N.V. Satyanarayana , Akhilesh Kumar Yadav , Atul Kumar Upadhyay , Ratan Singh Ray , Ashish Dwivedi

Fragrance, a key ingredient in cosmetics, often triggers skin allergy causes rashes, itching, dryness, and cracked or scaly skin. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), derived from the bark of the cinnamon tree, used as a fragrance and is a moderate skin sensitizer. CA exhibits strong UVB absorption, its allergic potential and the molecular mechanisms underlying skin sensitization under UVB exposure remain largely unexplored. To investigate the allergic potential and molecular mechanisms of CA-induced skin sensitization under ambient UVB radiation, we employed various alternative in-silico, in-chemico and in-vitro tools. CA under ambient UVB isomerizes from trans to cis CA after 1hr of exposure. Furthermore, DPRA assay and docking with simulation studies demonstrated the enhanced allergic potential of cis-CA. Additionally, our study evaluated intracellular ROS levels and the expression of Nrf2, Catalase, and MMP-2, and 9 in KeratinoSens cells, showing significant upregulation under UVB exposure in the presence of CA. Moreover, our findings indicate that CA activates THP-1 cells co-stimulatory surface marker (CD86) via the activation of intracellular ROS, phagocytosis, and genes of the TLR4 pathway. These insights into the mechanisms uncovered by our study are crucial for managing triggers of allergic skin diseases caused by fragrance use and concurrent exposure to environmental UVB/sunlight.

香料是化妆品中的一种主要成分，经常会引发皮肤过敏，导致皮疹、瘙痒、干燥、皮肤皲裂或脱屑。肉桂醛（CA）提取自肉桂树的树皮，用作香料，是一种中度皮肤过敏物质。肉桂醛具有很强的紫外线吸收能力，其过敏潜力和紫外线照射下皮肤过敏的分子机制在很大程度上仍未得到研究。为了研究 CA 在环境紫外线辐射下诱导皮肤过敏的过敏潜力和分子机制，我们采用了多种可供选择的硅学、化学和体外工具。环境紫外线照射 1 小时后，CA 会从反式异构为顺式异构。此外，DPRA 检测和模拟对接研究表明，顺式 CA 的过敏潜能得到了增强。此外，我们的研究还评估了 KeratinoSens 细胞中的细胞内 ROS 水平和 Nrf2、过氧化氢酶、MMP-2 和 9 的表达，结果表明在有 CA 存在的情况下，UVB 暴露会显著上调细胞内 ROS 水平和 Nrf2、过氧化氢酶、MMP-2 和 9 的表达。此外，我们的研究结果表明，CA 可通过激活细胞内 ROS、吞噬作用和 TLR4 通路基因来激活 THP-1 细胞共刺激表面标志物（CD86）。我们的研究揭示的这些机制对于控制因使用香料和同时暴露于环境紫外线/阳光而引发的过敏性皮肤病至关重要。

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引用次数: 0