Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144362
Joohyun Kim, Jung Hyeun Kim
Photocatalysts have recently attracted significant attention for their ability to efficiently degrade organic contaminants in wastewater under sunlight irradiation conditions. In this study, trimetallic Zn–ZIF photocatalyst is synthesized by incorporating Ni– and Cd–dopant atoms to enhance photocatalytic performance. Morphological and crystallographic analyses confirm the formation of the ZIF−L structure. Compared to monometallic and bimetallic variants, the trimetallic ZIF exhibits enhanced optical absorbance. PL analysis indicates that additional impurities introduce more active sites, resulting in improved photocatalytic performance. Trimetallic N2C4 ZIF photocatalyst shows the highest organic degradability with 95.1 % MB degradation, with stable second-order kinetics derived primarily from superoxide radicals. The catalyst also effectively degrades melanoidin chromophore in coffee and wastewater. This work demonstrates a promising approach to developing broadly applicable ZIF photocatalysts to photodegrade various polluted environmental systems.
{"title":"Photocatalytic remediation of organic pollutants in contaminated water using trimetallic zeolitic imidazole framework: From methylene blue to wastewater","authors":"Joohyun Kim, Jung Hyeun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysts have recently attracted significant attention for their ability to efficiently degrade organic contaminants in wastewater under sunlight irradiation conditions. In this study, trimetallic Zn–ZIF photocatalyst is synthesized by incorporating Ni– and Cd–dopant atoms to enhance photocatalytic performance. Morphological and crystallographic analyses confirm the formation of the ZIF−L structure. Compared to monometallic and bimetallic variants, the trimetallic ZIF exhibits enhanced optical absorbance. PL analysis indicates that additional impurities introduce more active sites, resulting in improved photocatalytic performance. Trimetallic N2C4 ZIF photocatalyst shows the highest organic degradability with 95.1 % MB degradation, with stable second-order kinetics derived primarily from superoxide radicals. The catalyst also effectively degrades melanoidin chromophore in coffee and wastewater. This work demonstrates a promising approach to developing broadly applicable ZIF photocatalysts to photodegrade various polluted environmental systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144366
Anabela Rebelo , Genève Farabegoli
The “transition to a circular economy” is frequently articulated in conventional frameworks regarding water use efficiency, predominantly emphasizing quantitative dimensions. However, water is ubiquitous, and its various applications are often directly or indirectly interlinked. Examining water quantity and quality within the water usage cycle is imperative to ensure security and optimise added value throughout the process while promoting the natural values of the surrounding environment. The present study introduces an innovative metric known as the Water Circularity Index (IC) that encompasses the complex balance between water quantity and quality throughout the water cycle at urban and industrial installation levels. The methodology for developing the IC is supported by a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, where key factors are divided into sub-factors categorised and weighted. The IC comprises eleven key factors, including freshwater consumption, wastewater discharge, water reuse, best management practices and technologies, hazardous substances defined under the Water Framework Directive, microplastics and emerging contaminants, biodiversity, nutrient recovery, internal industrial symbiosis, sludge management, and voluntary or incentive-based instruments. For each key factor, inputs are classified as negative, neutral, or positive, with final results categorised into five levels: negative circularity, no circularity, and low, medium, or high circularity. The index was applied to facilities across seven countries, encompassing fourteen installations across various industrial sectors and urban wastewater treatment plants, showing the versatility of the index in promoting best practices in multiple processes. In one case study involving a pulp mill, the IC was computed before and after the revision of its environmental permit. This assessment facilitated an evaluation of the measures implemented during the transition from a discharge permit aligned exclusively with the Industrial Emissions Directive principles to an integrated water management approach that integrated both directives' frameworks. The findings revealed a substantial improvement in the plant's performance, progressing from negative to medium circularity.
{"title":"Water circularity index: A novel approach for authorities and operators","authors":"Anabela Rebelo , Genève Farabegoli","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “transition to a circular economy” is frequently articulated in conventional frameworks regarding water use efficiency, predominantly emphasizing quantitative dimensions. However, water is ubiquitous, and its various applications are often directly or indirectly interlinked. Examining water quantity and quality within the water usage cycle is imperative to ensure security and optimise added value throughout the process while promoting the natural values of the surrounding environment. The present study introduces an innovative metric known as the Water Circularity Index (I<sub>C</sub>) that encompasses the complex balance between water quantity and quality throughout the water cycle at urban and industrial installation levels. The methodology for developing the I<sub>C</sub> is supported by a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, where key factors are divided into sub-factors categorised and weighted. The I<sub>C</sub> comprises eleven key factors, including freshwater consumption, wastewater discharge, water reuse, best management practices and technologies, hazardous substances defined under the Water Framework Directive, microplastics and emerging contaminants, biodiversity, nutrient recovery, internal industrial symbiosis, sludge management, and voluntary or incentive-based instruments. For each key factor, inputs are classified as negative, neutral, or positive, with final results categorised into five levels: negative circularity, no circularity, and low, medium, or high circularity. The index was applied to facilities across seven countries, encompassing fourteen installations across various industrial sectors and urban wastewater treatment plants, showing the versatility of the index in promoting best practices in multiple processes. In one case study involving a pulp mill, the I<sub>C</sub> was computed before and after the revision of its environmental permit. This assessment facilitated an evaluation of the measures implemented during the transition from a discharge permit aligned exclusively with the Industrial Emissions Directive principles to an integrated water management approach that integrated both directives' frameworks. The findings revealed a substantial improvement in the plant's performance, progressing from negative to medium circularity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144366"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144333
Rakhi Rani Datta , Rimana Islam Papry , Yusuke Asakura , Ryo Kagaya , Kuo Hong Wong , Asami Suzuki Mashio , Hiroshi Hasegawa
Investigations into arsenic (As) biotransformation in marine macroalgae are crucial for understanding environmental and human health impacts. However, the biomethylation of As at different growth stages of macroalgae remains unclear. This study investigated arsenate [As(V)] uptake and reductive methylation at four different growth stages (young, pre-juvenile, juvenile and adult) of marine macroalgae species. The frond of varied growth stages of Sargassum thunbergii were exposed to 1.0 μmol L−1 As(V) and varying phosphate (P) concentrations (0.8, 10, and 20 μmol L−1) in filtered seawater for 14 days. The P concentration 0.8 μmol L−1 indicate nutrient poor condition, whereas P10 and 20 represents environmental or intermediate level and eutrophic P level in seawater respectively. The results showed a significant variations in As(V) uptake at different growth stages, with lower uptake in young sporophyte and higher uptake in pre-juvenile and juvenile sporophytes at P10 and 20 μmol L−1 concentrations. Biotransformation of internalized As(V) to dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) occurred earlier in young sporophyte compared to juvenile sporophyte. The biotransformation of As(V) and release capacity across the growth stages follows the order of young sporophyte > pre-juvenile sporophyte > adult sporophyte > juvenile sporophyte. A significant difference in As bioaccumulation pattern was also observed at low (P0 and P10) and high (P20) P conditions, underscoring the competitive uptake mechanism of As(V) over the P concentration. Meanwhile total As content increased in the order of adult sporophyte > pre-juvenile sporophyte > juvenile sporophyte > young sporophyte indicating growth stage-specific As(V) uptake and metabolism. These findings deepen our understanding of As(V) biotransformation processes in macroalgae and contribute to elucidating complex interactions between macroalgal growth stages and As(V).
{"title":"Arsenic biotransformation by macroalgae Srgassum thunbergii: Influence of growth stages and phosphate availability on uptake and reductive methylation","authors":"Rakhi Rani Datta , Rimana Islam Papry , Yusuke Asakura , Ryo Kagaya , Kuo Hong Wong , Asami Suzuki Mashio , Hiroshi Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigations into arsenic (As) biotransformation in marine macroalgae are crucial for understanding environmental and human health impacts. However, the biomethylation of As at different growth stages of macroalgae remains unclear. This study investigated arsenate [As(V)] uptake and reductive methylation at four different growth stages (young, pre-juvenile, juvenile and adult) of marine macroalgae species. The frond of varied growth stages of <em>Sargassum thunbergii</em> were exposed to 1.0 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> As(V) and varying phosphate (P) concentrations (0.8, 10, and 20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>) in filtered seawater for 14 days. The P concentration 0.8 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> indicate nutrient poor condition, whereas P10 and 20 represents environmental or intermediate level and eutrophic P level in seawater respectively. The results showed a significant variations in As(V) uptake at different growth stages, with lower uptake in young sporophyte and higher uptake in pre-juvenile and juvenile sporophytes at P10 and 20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> concentrations. Biotransformation of internalized As(V) to dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) occurred earlier in young sporophyte compared to juvenile sporophyte. The biotransformation of As(V) and release capacity across the growth stages follows the order of young sporophyte > pre-juvenile sporophyte > adult sporophyte > juvenile sporophyte. A significant difference in As bioaccumulation pattern was also observed at low (P0 and P10) and high (P20) P conditions, underscoring the competitive uptake mechanism of As(V) over the P concentration. Meanwhile total As content increased in the order of adult sporophyte > pre-juvenile sporophyte > juvenile sporophyte > young sporophyte indicating growth stage-specific As(V) uptake and metabolism. These findings deepen our understanding of As(V) biotransformation processes in macroalgae and contribute to elucidating complex interactions between macroalgal growth stages and As(V).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144333"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144342
Angel T. Bautista VII , Sophia Jobien M. Limlingan , Jeff Darren G. Valdez , Mary Magareth T. Bauyon , Remjohn Aron H. Magtaas , Arvin M. Jagonoy , Joseph Michael D. Racho , Aldrin Jan E. Tabuso , John Kenneth C. Valerio , Araceli M. Monsada , Edwin E. Dumalagan Jr. , Keanu Jershon S. Sarmiento , Miwako Toya , Fernando P. Siringan , Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
Measuring 129I in natural archives is an excellent way of reconstructing the historical impacts of human nuclear activities (HNA) and tracing their transport through the environment. Currently, understanding of 129I transport from the North to the South Pacific Ocean is limited, given that most HNA were conducted in the northern hemisphere. Here, we show the 129I/127I time series of two coral cores, namely Calaguas and Cantilan, located along the north (Kuroshio Current) and south (Mindanao Current) bifurcations of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) – a crucial region that acts as a gateway from the North to the South Pacific Ocean. Measurement and mathematical modeling results show that HNA impacts are transported and divided almost equally between the north and south bifurcations of the NEC. Moreover, it takes around three years for the 129I signals from the Philippines to reach Australia. In recent times, when 129I in the Pacific Ocean has been more saturated, 129I transport from the North to the South Pacific Ocean appear to be affected by the variabilities associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, as these influence the strengths and positions of the north and south bifurcations of the NEC. Lastly, our results affirm that 129I records are excellent candidates for marking the beginning of the Anthropocene.
{"title":"Investigating iodine-129 in coral cores along East Philippines as a tracer of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation and marker of the Anthropocene","authors":"Angel T. Bautista VII , Sophia Jobien M. Limlingan , Jeff Darren G. Valdez , Mary Magareth T. Bauyon , Remjohn Aron H. Magtaas , Arvin M. Jagonoy , Joseph Michael D. Racho , Aldrin Jan E. Tabuso , John Kenneth C. Valerio , Araceli M. Monsada , Edwin E. Dumalagan Jr. , Keanu Jershon S. Sarmiento , Miwako Toya , Fernando P. Siringan , Hiroyuki Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measuring <sup>129</sup>I in natural archives is an excellent way of reconstructing the historical impacts of human nuclear activities (HNA) and tracing their transport through the environment. Currently, understanding of <sup>129</sup>I transport from the North to the South Pacific Ocean is limited, given that most HNA were conducted in the northern hemisphere. Here, we show the <sup>129</sup>I/<sup>127</sup>I time series of two coral cores, namely Calaguas and Cantilan, located along the north (Kuroshio Current) and south (Mindanao Current) bifurcations of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) – a crucial region that acts as a gateway from the North to the South Pacific Ocean. Measurement and mathematical modeling results show that HNA impacts are transported and divided almost equally between the north and south bifurcations of the NEC. Moreover, it takes around three years for the <sup>129</sup>I signals from the Philippines to reach Australia. In recent times, when <sup>129</sup>I in the Pacific Ocean has been more saturated, <sup>129</sup>I transport from the North to the South Pacific Ocean appear to be affected by the variabilities associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, as these influence the strengths and positions of the north and south bifurcations of the NEC. Lastly, our results affirm that <sup>129</sup>I records are excellent candidates for marking the beginning of the Anthropocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144364
Nigar Alkan , Ali Alkan , Bekir Salih , Cemre Yilmaz , Osman Üçüncü
Concerning pollutants, such as chemicals used as additives in plastics, are becoming more and more prevalent in the environment. Information on the temporal and spatial distribution of these contaminants is still scarce in the Black Sea, one of the world's unique ecosystems and a closed sea. This study provides the preliminary data on the quantities and distribution of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in surface sediment samples collected from the coast of the south-eastern Black Sea in Turkiye. Following solid phase extraction, phthalate levels were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in sediment samples collected during two distinct time periods from 21 stations that covered the locations where pretreated urban wastewater was released. While substantial PAE concentrations were observed in deep sea discharge locations, PAE concentrations were found to be lower at stations away from deep sea discharge and river impact. PAE levels in sediment were found to be between 3.76 and 50.57 ng/g dry weight (dw) in this research, which is lower than the values recorded in a majority of the world. DHP was determined to be the most abundant high molecular weight phthalate, whereas DEP was the most abundant low molecular weight phthalate.
{"title":"Environmental distributions of phthalates in sediments affected by municipal wastewater in the South-eastern Black Sea","authors":"Nigar Alkan , Ali Alkan , Bekir Salih , Cemre Yilmaz , Osman Üçüncü","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concerning pollutants, such as chemicals used as additives in plastics, are becoming more and more prevalent in the environment. Information on the temporal and spatial distribution of these contaminants is still scarce in the Black Sea, one of the world's unique ecosystems and a closed sea. This study provides the preliminary data on the quantities and distribution of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in surface sediment samples collected from the coast of the south-eastern Black Sea in Turkiye. Following solid phase extraction, phthalate levels were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in sediment samples collected during two distinct time periods from 21 stations that covered the locations where pretreated urban wastewater was released. While substantial PAE concentrations were observed in deep sea discharge locations, PAE concentrations were found to be lower at stations away from deep sea discharge and river impact. PAE levels in sediment were found to be between 3.76 and 50.57 ng/g dry weight (dw) in this research, which is lower than the values recorded in a majority of the world. DHP was determined to be the most abundant high molecular weight phthalate, whereas DEP was the most abundant low molecular weight phthalate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic fertilizing residuals (OFRs) enhance soil fertility and support sustainable agriculture due to their rich nutrient and organic matter content. However, these materials are increasingly recognized as a significant source of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soils, raising concerns about the safety of agroecosystems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable workflow for MP analysis in diverse OFRs, given the challenges of extracting small MPs from such organic matter-rich matrices. This study presents an oxidative-alkaline tandem digestion method that achieves an average organic matter (OM) removal efficiency of 93 % across various OFRs. In addition, density centrifugation with NaCl and ZnCl2 brines was utilized to recover six microplastic polymers (PP, PVC, PET, PS, PE, and HDPE), achieving a recovery rate of over 95 % for large MPs (600 μm–4.75 mm) and over 83 % for small MP-PE beads (38–45 μm). Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) analysis confirmed that digestion and separation steps did not affect MPs' spectral integrity and chemical identification. To validate the workflow, we applied it to analyze MPs in various OFRs from Québec, allowing for the successful detection of 19 MP polymers with sizes down to 10–50 μm. This workflow can be applied to multiple OFRs to extract, quantify, and characterize MPs. Ultimately, this workflow will facilitate efficient MPs analysis across diverse OFRs, providing essential data for robust risk assessment and better environmental management to mitigate MP pollution from OFR applications in agricultural soils.
{"title":"Novel integrated workflow for microplastics extraction, quantification, and characterization in organic fertilizing residuals using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR)","authors":"Mohamed Zakaria Gouda , Steeve Roberge , Lotfi Khiari , Rim Benjannet , Mélanie Desrosiers","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic fertilizing residuals (OFRs) enhance soil fertility and support sustainable agriculture due to their rich nutrient and organic matter content. However, these materials are increasingly recognized as a significant source of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soils, raising concerns about the safety of agroecosystems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable workflow for MP analysis in diverse OFRs, given the challenges of extracting small MPs from such organic matter-rich matrices. This study presents an oxidative-alkaline tandem digestion method that achieves an average organic matter (OM) removal efficiency of 93 % across various OFRs. In addition, density centrifugation with NaCl and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> brines was utilized to recover six microplastic polymers (PP, PVC, PET, PS, PE, and HDPE), achieving a recovery rate of over 95 % for large MPs (600 μm–4.75 mm) and over 83 % for small MP-PE beads (38–45 μm). Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) analysis confirmed that digestion and separation steps did not affect MPs' spectral integrity and chemical identification. To validate the workflow, we applied it to analyze MPs in various OFRs from Québec, allowing for the successful detection of 19 MP polymers with sizes down to 10–50 μm. This workflow can be applied to multiple OFRs to extract, quantify, and characterize MPs. Ultimately, this workflow will facilitate efficient MPs analysis across diverse OFRs, providing essential data for robust risk assessment and better environmental management to mitigate MP pollution from OFR applications in agricultural soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144357"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144317
Seong-Bin Cho , Sang-Keun Song , Zang-Ho Shon , Jin-Seung Kim , Sung-Bin Lee
This study investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 and the related human health impacts in various environmental areas of South Korea during high-concentration days in winter (February 15−March 15, 2019). These analyses were performed using PM2.5 observations and numerical modeling, which included the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model (CMAQ v5.3.2) and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE v1.5.0.4). The mean PM2.5 concentrations observed on high-concentration days (50.1 μg m−3 in the southeastern area to 65.2 μg m−3 in the southwestern area) were 2.1–2.7 times higher than those observed on non-high-concentration days (18.4 μg m−3 in the southeastern area to 27.0 μg m−3 in the northwestern area). In addition, many premature deaths and high premature death rates from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases attributable to high PM2.5 levels were mostly distributed in the western regions of South Korea. These regional differences may be due to a combination of local meteorology and emissions and/or the long-range transport of pollutants. However, the magnitude of these premature deaths varied across areas, genders, and age groups due to differences in PM2.5 concentrations and mortality rates. The number of premature deaths from cardiovascular diseases due to increased PM2.5 levels was slightly higher than that from respiratory diseases, owing to the higher mortality rates. The health impact of cardiovascular diseases was estimated to be more severe in women than in men, and vice versa for respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Intercomparison of health impacts from nationwide PM2.5 pollution using observations and modeling: A case study of the worst event in recent decades","authors":"Seong-Bin Cho , Sang-Keun Song , Zang-Ho Shon , Jin-Seung Kim , Sung-Bin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and the related human health impacts in various environmental areas of South Korea during high-concentration days in winter (February 15−March 15, 2019). These analyses were performed using PM<sub>2.5</sub> observations and numerical modeling, which included the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model (CMAQ v5.3.2) and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE v1.5.0.4). The mean PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations observed on high-concentration days (50.1 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in the southeastern area to 65.2 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in the southwestern area) were 2.1–2.7 times higher than those observed on non-high-concentration days (18.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in the southeastern area to 27.0 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in the northwestern area). In addition, many premature deaths and high premature death rates from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases attributable to high PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels were mostly distributed in the western regions of South Korea. These regional differences may be due to a combination of local meteorology and emissions and/or the long-range transport of pollutants. However, the magnitude of these premature deaths varied across areas, genders, and age groups due to differences in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and mortality rates. The number of premature deaths from cardiovascular diseases due to increased PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels was slightly higher than that from respiratory diseases, owing to the higher mortality rates. The health impact of cardiovascular diseases was estimated to be more severe in women than in men, and vice versa for respiratory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144317"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144360
Ashraf Morsy , S. Kandil , Hassan A. Ewais , Ahmed H. Abdel-Salam , Asmaa Mohamed
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of eco-conscious flame retardants for enhancing fire resistance in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs). It examines current research methods, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and challenges in testing and evaluation. Traditional flame retardants and their drawbacks are discussed, emphasizing the benefits of NFRPCs and the potential of bio-based alternatives. The paper explores various types of bio-based flame retardants, their mechanisms of action, and their effectiveness in improving fire performance while maintaining material properties. Furthermore, the review delves into recent methodologies, functional groups, and the mechanisms involved in eco-friendly flame retardancy, analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, and emerging trends. Challenges related to compliance with industry standards, regulatory frameworks, and sustainable production practices are also addressed. The potential of utilizing waste biomass for flame retardancy is discussed, offering a pathway towards a circular economy. Additionally, the broader impacts on fire safety and hazard mitigation are explored. The review identifies key research gaps and future directions to advance the field of sustainable flame retardancy. Despite existing challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial in driving innovation and achieving sustainable fire safety solutions for composite materials.
{"title":"Eco-conscious flame retardants for enhanced fire resistance in natural fiber reinforced polymers composite: A review bio-based, and industry implications","authors":"Ashraf Morsy , S. Kandil , Hassan A. Ewais , Ahmed H. Abdel-Salam , Asmaa Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of eco-conscious flame retardants for enhancing fire resistance in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs). It examines current research methods, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and challenges in testing and evaluation. Traditional flame retardants and their drawbacks are discussed, emphasizing the benefits of NFRPCs and the potential of bio-based alternatives. The paper explores various types of bio-based flame retardants, their mechanisms of action, and their effectiveness in improving fire performance while maintaining material properties. Furthermore, the review delves into recent methodologies, functional groups, and the mechanisms involved in eco-friendly flame retardancy, analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, and emerging trends. Challenges related to compliance with industry standards, regulatory frameworks, and sustainable production practices are also addressed. The potential of utilizing waste biomass for flame retardancy is discussed, offering a pathway towards a circular economy. Additionally, the broader impacts on fire safety and hazard mitigation are explored. The review identifies key research gaps and future directions to advance the field of sustainable flame retardancy. Despite existing challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial in driving innovation and achieving sustainable fire safety solutions for composite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144360"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144358
Alexander Ishmatov
COVID-19 mortality disparities underscore the critical role of environmental factors, age, sex, and racial demographics. This study investigates how individual variations in nasal morphology – specifically its air conditioning (temperature and humidity regulation) and filtration functions – may influence respiratory health and contribute to differential COVID-19 outcomes.
Analysis reveals significant differences in nasal structure and function across racial, sex, and age groups, demonstrating associations with disparities in respiratory vulnerability to environmental stressors such as air pollution, infectious aerosols, and climatic conditions. Specifically, wider nasal cavities (more common in certain populations), larger male nasal passages, and age-related changes like mucosal atrophy and increased endonasal volume impair air conditioning and filtration efficiency.
These morphological variations influence the nose's protective capacity, which is critical for shielding the middle and lower airways from environmental exposures. Populations with inherently reduced nasal filtration and conditioning efficiency demonstrate higher vulnerability, aligning with U.S. mortality patterns for both COVID-19 and air pollution across demographic groups. This suggests a direct link between nasal anatomy and population-level health disparities.
These findings provide novel insights into the role of nasal anatomy in mediating respiratory health disparities by modulating individual responses to environmental exposures, air pollution, and pathogens. They highlight the need to address critical gaps in understanding how airway characteristics influence susceptibility to environmental stressors and to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.
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Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144355
Franziska Fiolka, Timo Fuchs, Alexis P. Roodt, Alessandro Manfrin, Ralf Schulz
Surface waters are known to be polluted by a number of contaminants including synthetic pesticides. As flooding events intensify due to climate change, the flood-mediated transfer of pesticides to terrestrial ecosystems may also increase, potentially resulting in unforeseen exposure for terrestrial food-webs. To assess the uptake and trophic transfer of flood-mediated pesticide entries, we simulated riparian soil contamination caused by floodwater in a climate chamber pot experiment. The floodwater contained 31 fungicides and insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. We exposed potted stinging nettle plants (Urtica dioica) which were colonized by aphids to four sequential simulated flooding events and measured the pesticide concentrations in the soil, plant roots, plant stems and leaves, and aphids using HPLC-MS/MS. After four flooding events, the sum of insecticide and fungicide concentrations increased six-fold in soil and over thirty-fold in nettle plants compared to the concentrations after one flooding event. Bixafen and etofenprox showed the highest concentration in nettle leaves and stems, indicating bioaccumulation. After the four flooding events, thirteen pesticides were detected at concentrations up to 13.7 μg kg−1 in the phytophagous aphids with picoxystrobin, fipronil, trifloxystrobin, spiroxamine, and fluopyram showing biomagnification. This study shows that commonly applied pesticides can be transferred to riparian soils by flooding events, taken up by plants and biomagnify in herbivorous insects.
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