Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520301
Hamed H. Afshari, M. Attari, R. Ahmed, M. Farag, S. Habibi
This paper presents a general procedure applied for modeling, parameter identification, and state of charge (SOC) estimation of a Li-Ion battery cell. The paper explains a battery tester with a number of experiments conducted to investigate the cell physical properties. Dynamics of the Li-Ion cell are modeled using an equivalent circuit model, whereas parameters of the model are calculated using particle swarm optimization. This method minimizes the output error that is the difference between the simulated output from the model and the measured terminal voltage. The provided equivalent circuit model with optimized parameters was used for SOC estimation. Two different state estimation methods have been applied to estimate the cell SOC based on real-time measurements. The estimation methods include the extended Kalman filter (EKF), and the novel smooth variable structure filter (SVSF). The SVSF method was used as it can produce more accurate state estimates for dynamic systems with modeling and parametric uncertainties. This paper compares the performance of these two estimators for real-time SOC estimation using tester data.
{"title":"Modeling, parameterization, and state of charge estimation of Li-Ion cells using a circuit model","authors":"Hamed H. Afshari, M. Attari, R. Ahmed, M. Farag, S. Habibi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520301","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a general procedure applied for modeling, parameter identification, and state of charge (SOC) estimation of a Li-Ion battery cell. The paper explains a battery tester with a number of experiments conducted to investigate the cell physical properties. Dynamics of the Li-Ion cell are modeled using an equivalent circuit model, whereas parameters of the model are calculated using particle swarm optimization. This method minimizes the output error that is the difference between the simulated output from the model and the measured terminal voltage. The provided equivalent circuit model with optimized parameters was used for SOC estimation. Two different state estimation methods have been applied to estimate the cell SOC based on real-time measurements. The estimation methods include the extended Kalman filter (EKF), and the novel smooth variable structure filter (SVSF). The SVSF method was used as it can produce more accurate state estimates for dynamic systems with modeling and parametric uncertainties. This paper compares the performance of these two estimators for real-time SOC estimation using tester data.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126362379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520275
Steven T. Elliott, T. Carr
Multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential for many promising applications, and improvements in controls for these flying robots could have a significant impact on their efficacy. This paper describes the novel design of a nonlinear motor controller for quadcopters that uniquely incorporates thrust feedback with an onboard force sensor installed on the motor mount. This paper explains the advanced control mathematics used to derive the controller and uses Lyapunov stability analysis to prove the design is globally asymptotically stable. In addition, this work includes a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory experiments which illustrate the design's stable and precise thrust setpoint tracking.
{"title":"Thrust sensor based nonlinear motor control for quadcopters","authors":"Steven T. Elliott, T. Carr","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520275","url":null,"abstract":"Multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential for many promising applications, and improvements in controls for these flying robots could have a significant impact on their efficacy. This paper describes the novel design of a nonlinear motor controller for quadcopters that uniquely incorporates thrust feedback with an onboard force sensor installed on the motor mount. This paper explains the advanced control mathematics used to derive the controller and uses Lyapunov stability analysis to prove the design is globally asymptotically stable. In addition, this work includes a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory experiments which illustrate the design's stable and precise thrust setpoint tracking.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125957132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520248
Christian Paar, A. Muetze
State-of-the-art design methods for electric machines use published correlations of either power or torque with electromagnetic and current loading, available for different cooling approaches. However, the applicability of these correlations for electric machines used within HEVs, with their different degrees of integration into the overall system, is limited. Using an integrated starter-generator and an electric rear axle drive as example case applications, we study the influences of the thermal environment within the hybrid electric vehicle application, i.e., heat sinks and sources external to the machine, on the thermal design of the machines. We quantify these influences by scaling factors for the air gap shear stress of the machine.
{"title":"Discussion of machine placement and integration on the thermal design of HEV IPM machines","authors":"Christian Paar, A. Muetze","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520248","url":null,"abstract":"State-of-the-art design methods for electric machines use published correlations of either power or torque with electromagnetic and current loading, available for different cooling approaches. However, the applicability of these correlations for electric machines used within HEVs, with their different degrees of integration into the overall system, is limited. Using an integrated starter-generator and an electric rear axle drive as example case applications, we study the influences of the thermal environment within the hybrid electric vehicle application, i.e., heat sinks and sources external to the machine, on the thermal design of the machines. We quantify these influences by scaling factors for the air gap shear stress of the machine.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125922015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520257
Q. Werner, S. Pierfederici, N. Takorabet, B. Nahidmobarakeh
Over the last decades, the importance of simulation have taken an increasing role in the vehicles development process. Due to ever higher computing power, the vehicle or component behavior can be emulated using simulation tools and software. In this paper, the focus is set on accuracy enhancement of the electric component simulation for hybrid vehicle optimization. Different solutions to achieve higher accuracy are presented and implemented in a Matlab based simulation environment. The added-value of each step is finally evaluated in a example.
{"title":"Optimization of hybrid electrical vehicles with coupled thermal and electrical simulation","authors":"Q. Werner, S. Pierfederici, N. Takorabet, B. Nahidmobarakeh","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520257","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, the importance of simulation have taken an increasing role in the vehicles development process. Due to ever higher computing power, the vehicle or component behavior can be emulated using simulation tools and software. In this paper, the focus is set on accuracy enhancement of the electric component simulation for hybrid vehicle optimization. Different solutions to achieve higher accuracy are presented and implemented in a Matlab based simulation environment. The added-value of each step is finally evaluated in a example.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128113245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520280
Casey T. Morris, Di Han, B. Sarlioglu
Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power devices are becoming increasing popular as an alternative to conventional Si devices in power applications. While these WBG devices have many inherent benefits, one downside of these devices is the potential for increased emission of electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to the increased switching frequency and turn-on/off capabilities. To mitigate this effect, this paper presents a novel inverter topology to reduce the source of the common mode EMI noise, thus, potentially reducing the required EMI filter size. In this study, the novel topology is implemented as a three-phase voltage source inverter utilizing GaN HEMTs, and is simulated with circuit simulation software LTSpice with device models provided by manufacturer, and results are analyzed with MATLAB. A characterization of the key design parameters for the novel topology is also provided.
{"title":"A novel inverter topology for reduction of common mode voltage for GaN-based variable frequency inverter","authors":"Casey T. Morris, Di Han, B. Sarlioglu","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520280","url":null,"abstract":"Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power devices are becoming increasing popular as an alternative to conventional Si devices in power applications. While these WBG devices have many inherent benefits, one downside of these devices is the potential for increased emission of electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to the increased switching frequency and turn-on/off capabilities. To mitigate this effect, this paper presents a novel inverter topology to reduce the source of the common mode EMI noise, thus, potentially reducing the required EMI filter size. In this study, the novel topology is implemented as a three-phase voltage source inverter utilizing GaN HEMTs, and is simulated with circuit simulation software LTSpice with device models provided by manufacturer, and results are analyzed with MATLAB. A characterization of the key design parameters for the novel topology is also provided.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127188396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520272
Deepak Rozario, N. A. Azeez, S. Williamson
The paper outlines a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system for higher power applications. The paper summarizes the operating principle, power electronics requirement and modeling of a basic CPT system. The high frequency converter is the drive force of the contactless system. The high frequency converters found in literature are discussed with their advantages and their drawbacks. With the knowledge of the converters used, an existing topology is modified to fit the capacitive interface of the capacitive power transfer system. The modified LLC resonant converters has several advantages over the traditional converters used for contactless CPT .The converter has a very high power density and can be used for very high power applications. One of the greatest advantages the modified LLC resonant converter is the ability to work off resonance and the inherent ability to buck or boost as per its gain plot. The converter exhibits efficiencies greater than 90%. The design of the proposed topology along with its advantages over the existing topologies for small distance applications are listed.
{"title":"A modified resonant converter for wireless capacitive power transfer systems used in battery charging applications","authors":"Deepak Rozario, N. A. Azeez, S. Williamson","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520272","url":null,"abstract":"The paper outlines a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system for higher power applications. The paper summarizes the operating principle, power electronics requirement and modeling of a basic CPT system. The high frequency converter is the drive force of the contactless system. The high frequency converters found in literature are discussed with their advantages and their drawbacks. With the knowledge of the converters used, an existing topology is modified to fit the capacitive interface of the capacitive power transfer system. The modified LLC resonant converters has several advantages over the traditional converters used for contactless CPT .The converter has a very high power density and can be used for very high power applications. One of the greatest advantages the modified LLC resonant converter is the ability to work off resonance and the inherent ability to buck or boost as per its gain plot. The converter exhibits efficiencies greater than 90%. The design of the proposed topology along with its advantages over the existing topologies for small distance applications are listed.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127197173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520303
Bharat Agrawal, M. Ádám, Brynn Vadala, H. Koke, Lucas McCurlie, M. Preindl, R. Ahmed, A. Emadi
Cells in an electric vehicle battery pack tend to become out of balance after several charging and discharging cycles, resulting in capacity under-utilization and over-sizing of battery packs to achieve extended driving range. This makes it necessary to have a cell balancing mechanism onboard of the battery management system. This paper introduces a half-bridge DC/DC switching circuit for the balancing of lithium-ion cells, and highlights its advantages over existing cell balancing techniques. Furthermore, details on planar transformer design, control feedback, simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink, and experimental observations are included, showing greater controllability and improvement in efficiency in comparison with existing systems.
{"title":"Non-dissipative battery cell balancing using half-bridge switching circuit","authors":"Bharat Agrawal, M. Ádám, Brynn Vadala, H. Koke, Lucas McCurlie, M. Preindl, R. Ahmed, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520303","url":null,"abstract":"Cells in an electric vehicle battery pack tend to become out of balance after several charging and discharging cycles, resulting in capacity under-utilization and over-sizing of battery packs to achieve extended driving range. This makes it necessary to have a cell balancing mechanism onboard of the battery management system. This paper introduces a half-bridge DC/DC switching circuit for the balancing of lithium-ion cells, and highlights its advantages over existing cell balancing techniques. Furthermore, details on planar transformer design, control feedback, simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink, and experimental observations are included, showing greater controllability and improvement in efficiency in comparison with existing systems.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520201
Lei Yang, Xiaobin Zhang, Bin Wu, K. Smedley, G. Li
The constant-on time variable frequency one-cycle control is adapted for switched-capacitor converter in this paper. Based on the capacitor ampere-second balance principle, mathematical derivation of control model is provided. Simulation and experiment results show that the external disturbances can be immediately rejected by adjusting the switching period while maintaining the switch “on time”, resulting in a variable frequency control. Compared with conventional constant frequency control method, the dynamic response speed is significantly improved with minimum overshot at the transient time. The constant on-time variable frequency OCC control method can be used in a wide power range and different types of switched-capacitor converters.
{"title":"Constant on-time variable frequency one-cycle control for switched-capacitor converter","authors":"Lei Yang, Xiaobin Zhang, Bin Wu, K. Smedley, G. Li","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520201","url":null,"abstract":"The constant-on time variable frequency one-cycle control is adapted for switched-capacitor converter in this paper. Based on the capacitor ampere-second balance principle, mathematical derivation of control model is provided. Simulation and experiment results show that the external disturbances can be immediately rejected by adjusting the switching period while maintaining the switch “on time”, resulting in a variable frequency control. Compared with conventional constant frequency control method, the dynamic response speed is significantly improved with minimum overshot at the transient time. The constant on-time variable frequency OCC control method can be used in a wide power range and different types of switched-capacitor converters.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130334490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520300
Ahmad Abuaish, Mehrdad Kazerani
This paper presents a comparative evaluation of partially-decoupled battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) topologies for electric vehicles, from the battery pack capacity fading point of view. The effects of the HESS topology and drive cycle type on battery life are quantified based on an empirically-derived lithium-ion battery capacity fading model. Simulation results are presented to support the analysis.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of partially-decoupled battery-supercapacitor HESS topologies for EVs from battery pack capacity fading viewpoint","authors":"Ahmad Abuaish, Mehrdad Kazerani","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520300","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative evaluation of partially-decoupled battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) topologies for electric vehicles, from the battery pack capacity fading point of view. The effects of the HESS topology and drive cycle type on battery life are quantified based on an empirically-derived lithium-ion battery capacity fading model. Simulation results are presented to support the analysis.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131282756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-27DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520239
R. Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, M. Phattanasak, M. Zandi, Jean-Philippe Martin, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, S. Pierfederici
Instabilities of converters with an LC input filter in transportation systems have known, and the different solutions to the problem have been proposed. An innovative control strategy to control the current of a boost converter with LC input filter is presented. Instead of control of the boost inductor current, the filter inductor current is controlled using the differential flatness property. The advantages of this method include no stabilizer requirement and excellent trajectory tracking in the transient and steady state. The validation of the proposed control strategy is made through experimental results.
{"title":"Stability issue of DC-DC converters with input LC filter via flatness-based control","authors":"R. Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, M. Phattanasak, M. Zandi, Jean-Philippe Martin, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, S. Pierfederici","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2016.7520239","url":null,"abstract":"Instabilities of converters with an LC input filter in transportation systems have known, and the different solutions to the problem have been proposed. An innovative control strategy to control the current of a boost converter with LC input filter is presented. Instead of control of the boost inductor current, the filter inductor current is controlled using the differential flatness property. The advantages of this method include no stabilizer requirement and excellent trajectory tracking in the transient and steady state. The validation of the proposed control strategy is made through experimental results.","PeriodicalId":280676,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134133170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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