Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110898
Yu Chen , Ran Tao , Yiqi Mao
Needle-punched composites are highly valued for their exceptional resistance to interlaminar properties, ablation, and design flexibility, making them increasingly popular in aerospace thermal protection systems. This work investigates the mesoscale structural characteristics and thermophysical properties of needle-punched composites in ablation process. Oxyacetylene ablation experiments were carried out at different temperatures, and a mesoscopic needle-punched structure model was established based on the results of CT characterization. Further, Abaqus custom subroutine was used to reveal the ablation evolution mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin-based needle-punched composites. The results show that, at mesoscopic scale, the acicular fiber bundle perpendicular to the ablative surface accelerates the heat conduction to the interior of the material and promotes the thermal damage and performance degradation of the composite.
{"title":"Thermal reaction based mesoscale ablation model for phase degradation and pyrolysis of needle-punched composite","authors":"Yu Chen , Ran Tao , Yiqi Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Needle-punched composites are highly valued for their exceptional resistance to interlaminar properties, ablation, and design flexibility, making them increasingly popular in aerospace thermal protection systems. This work investigates the mesoscale structural characteristics and thermophysical properties of needle-punched composites in ablation process. Oxyacetylene ablation experiments were carried out at different temperatures, and a mesoscopic needle-punched structure model was established based on the results of CT characterization. Further, Abaqus custom subroutine was used to reveal the ablation evolution mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin-based needle-punched composites. The results show that, at mesoscopic scale, the acicular fiber bundle perpendicular to the ablative surface accelerates the heat conduction to the interior of the material and promotes the thermal damage and performance degradation of the composite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110898"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110895
Qiuyu Long , Longjin Huang , Xueyan Zhao , Yuying Li , Yewei Xu , Yi Sun , Chunhua Zhu , Yu Liu
A pivotal nanofiller network will be constructed by the filler loading threshold inside the silicone rubber, leading to abrupt enhancement in the rheological properties of the composites. However, the contribution of the nanofiller network to the performance mutation is poorly understood due to lack of direct evidence to recognize the formation of filler networks. This work quantitatively investigated the filler aggregation network of solvent-extracted monodisperse silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites to interpret the rheological properties. The results indicated that, when filler loadings reach 60 phr, the size of the filler network reaches its maximum (1280.5 nm), significantly increasing the storage modulus (166 kPa) and Payne effect (163 kPa), due to the formation of a filler network confirmed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The reduction in aggregate size observed with longer extraction times is because of the collapse of the nanofiller network, which occurs as the polymer chains are removed. The aggregates reappear in a monodisperse form as the extraction duration reaches 20 days. This confirms that filler aggregates of interconnected polymer chains can form a well-developed network structure that effectively supports and transfers stresses. This contributes to an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism of nanofiller networks, aiding the advancement of high-performance polymer nanocomposites.
{"title":"Fraction-dependent filler network in silicone rubber: Unraveling abrupt enhancement in rheological properties via solvent extraction and DLS study","authors":"Qiuyu Long , Longjin Huang , Xueyan Zhao , Yuying Li , Yewei Xu , Yi Sun , Chunhua Zhu , Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pivotal nanofiller network will be constructed by the filler loading threshold inside the silicone rubber, leading to abrupt enhancement in the rheological properties of the composites. However, the contribution of the nanofiller network to the performance mutation is poorly understood due to lack of direct evidence to recognize the formation of filler networks. This work quantitatively investigated the filler aggregation network of solvent-extracted monodisperse silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites to interpret the rheological properties. The results indicated that, when filler loadings reach 60 phr, the size of the filler network reaches its maximum (1280.5 nm), significantly increasing the storage modulus (166 kPa) and Payne effect (163 kPa), due to the formation of a filler network confirmed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The reduction in aggregate size observed with longer extraction times is because of the collapse of the nanofiller network, which occurs as the polymer chains are removed. The aggregates reappear in a monodisperse form as the extraction duration reaches 20 days. This confirms that filler aggregates of interconnected polymer chains can form a well-developed network structure that effectively supports and transfers stresses. This contributes to an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism of nanofiller networks, aiding the advancement of high-performance polymer nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110895"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110901
Shu Liu , Lihua Zhan , Bolin Ma , Weitao Chen , Dechao Zhang , Shunming Yao , Chuan Du
This study aims to investigate the leak resistance of carbon fiber composite products formed by various typical curing processes. Firstly, the leak rates of specimens produced through different curing methods were measured, and the defect were statistically analyzed. After that, the simulation approach was applied to numerically study the impact of these defect characteristics on leak rates was examined from the three factors of porosity, void distribution and void morphology, specimen with prefabricated defects was prepared, and its leak performance were tested to validate the simulation results. Finally, the differences in leak resistance among specimens under different curing processes were analyzed from the perspective of curing defects, and specific defect characteristics contributing to enhanced leak resistance were identified.
{"title":"Investigations on the leak resistance performance and the difference mechanism of composite materials under several typical curing processes","authors":"Shu Liu , Lihua Zhan , Bolin Ma , Weitao Chen , Dechao Zhang , Shunming Yao , Chuan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the leak resistance of carbon fiber composite products formed by various typical curing processes. Firstly, the leak rates of specimens produced through different curing methods were measured, and the defect were statistically analyzed. After that, the simulation approach was applied to numerically study the impact of these defect characteristics on leak rates was examined from the three factors of porosity, void distribution and void morphology, specimen with prefabricated defects was prepared, and its leak performance were tested to validate the simulation results. Finally, the differences in leak resistance among specimens under different curing processes were analyzed from the perspective of curing defects, and specific defect characteristics contributing to enhanced leak resistance were identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110901"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110896
Xue Yang , Dian-sen Li , Xiao-long Jia , Hong-mei Zuo , Lei Jiang , Stepan V. Lomov , Frederik Desplentere
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) woven composites for aerospace and automotive applications are commonly subjected to complex dynamic environments involving vibrations and impacts, resulting in examining their impact properties is extremely important. This paper first experimentally discussed the influences of strain rates, weft yarn densities and loading directions on the impact performances and failure mechanisms of 3D orthogonal woven composites (3DOWCs). Secondly, full-scale finite element models were developed to predict the stress distribution and interfacial damage evolution process. The predictions were well in agreement with the experimental results. This research revealed that the impact characteristics exhibited strain rate sensitivity. With increasing weft yarn densities, the high strain rate impact behaviors also improved. Particularly, the warp impact strength of 3DOWCs with a weft yarn density of 2 yarn/cm (W5-2) at 812 s−1 was 17.4% and 24.0% higher than that of 3DOWCs with a weft yarn density of 1.5 yarn/cm (W5-1) at 822 s−1. Meanwhile, warp impact strength consistently exceeded to that of the weft impact strength. Additionally, strain rates, weft yarn densities, and loading directions dramatically affected the stress distribution and interfacial damage evolution process of 3DOWCs. Significant warp yarns fracture and matrix cracking were the principal failure patterns in the warp impact, whereas the damage in the weft impact was dominated by localized fracture of weft yarns and interfacial debonding.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical validation of high strain rate impact response and progressive damage of 3D orthogonal woven composites","authors":"Xue Yang , Dian-sen Li , Xiao-long Jia , Hong-mei Zuo , Lei Jiang , Stepan V. Lomov , Frederik Desplentere","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced three-dimensional (3D) woven composites for aerospace and automotive applications are commonly subjected to complex dynamic environments involving vibrations and impacts, resulting in examining their impact properties is extremely important. This paper first experimentally discussed the influences of strain rates, weft yarn densities and loading directions on the impact performances and failure mechanisms of 3D orthogonal woven composites (3DOWCs). Secondly, full-scale finite element models were developed to predict the stress distribution and interfacial damage evolution process. The predictions were well in agreement with the experimental results. This research revealed that the impact characteristics exhibited strain rate sensitivity. With increasing weft yarn densities, the high strain rate impact behaviors also improved. Particularly, the warp impact strength of 3DOWCs with a weft yarn density of 2 yarn/cm (W5-2) at 812 s<sup>−1</sup> was 17.4% and 24.0% higher than that of 3DOWCs with a weft yarn density of 1.5 yarn/cm (W5-1) at 822 s<sup>−1</sup>. Meanwhile, warp impact strength consistently exceeded to that of the weft impact strength. Additionally, strain rates, weft yarn densities, and loading directions dramatically affected the stress distribution and interfacial damage evolution process of 3DOWCs. Significant warp yarns fracture and matrix cracking were the principal failure patterns in the warp impact, whereas the damage in the weft impact was dominated by localized fracture of weft yarns and interfacial debonding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110896"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110899
Shufang Luo , Kaixuan Dong , Shuo Wang, Aihua He
The development of high-performance “green tires” with synergistically improved “magic triangle” properties like lower rolling resistance, higher wet-skid resistance and higher abrasion resistance has always been a hot issue. In this work, an effective strategy for developing high-performance “green tires” with simultaneously improved “magic triangle” properties of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR)/cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber (BR) nanocomposites modified by amine-capped trans-1,4-poly(butadiene-co-isoprene) copolymers (F-TBIR) was proposed. A series of F-TBIR with 10–60 mol% amine-capped efficiency (CE) and 30-90 × 104 weight-average molecular weight (Mw) were synthesized by using heterogeneous TiCl4/MgCl2–Al(i-Bu)3 Ziegler-Natta catalyst with dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) as chain transfer agent (CTA). With the increase in CE of F-TBIR, the silica-filled SSBR/BR/F-TBIR compounds exhibited improved green strength, modulus at 100 % elongation and bound rubber, and their vulcanizates showed synergistically improved “magic triangle” properties like obviously reduced rolling resistance and abrasion loss, and increased wet-skid resistance. It was found that the incorporation of 10 phr F-TBIR3 with CE of 60 mol% and Mw of 32 × 104 resulted in highly expected properties of the SSBR/BR/F-TBIR3 nanocomposite. The contribution mechanism of F-TBIR3 was discussed based on the improvements of polymer network structures and filler network structures. This work is expected to provide an effective strategy to construct the desired network structures for high-performance rubber composites.
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of magic triangle properties of PC tread stocks modified by amine-capped trans-1,4-poly (butadiene-co-isoprene)","authors":"Shufang Luo , Kaixuan Dong , Shuo Wang, Aihua He","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance “green tires” with synergistically improved “magic triangle” properties like lower rolling resistance, higher wet-skid resistance and higher abrasion resistance has always been a hot issue. In this work, an effective strategy for developing high-performance “green tires” with simultaneously improved “magic triangle” properties of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR)/<em>cis</em>-1,4-polybutadiene rubber (BR) nanocomposites modified by amine-capped <em>trans</em>-1,4-poly(butadiene-<em>co</em>-isoprene) copolymers (F-TBIR) was proposed. A series of F-TBIR with 10–60 mol% amine-capped efficiency (CE) and 30-90 × 10<sup>4</sup> weight-average molecular weight (<em>M</em><sub>w</sub>) were synthesized by using heterogeneous TiCl<sub>4</sub>/MgCl<sub>2</sub>–Al(i-Bu)<sub>3</sub> Ziegler-Natta catalyst with dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) as chain transfer agent (CTA). With the increase in CE of F-TBIR, the silica-filled SSBR/BR/F-TBIR compounds exhibited improved green strength, modulus at 100 % elongation and bound rubber, and their vulcanizates showed synergistically improved “magic triangle” properties like obviously reduced rolling resistance and abrasion loss, and increased wet-skid resistance. It was found that the incorporation of 10 phr F-TBIR3 with CE of 60 mol% and <em>M</em><sub>w</sub> of 32 × 10<sup>4</sup> resulted in highly expected properties of the SSBR/BR/F-TBIR3 nanocomposite. The contribution mechanism of F-TBIR3 was discussed based on the improvements of polymer network structures and filler network structures. This work is expected to provide an effective strategy to construct the desired network structures for high-performance rubber composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110899"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110893
Yuan Yao , Yucheng Zhong , Zhoucheng Su , Ridha Muhammad , Dan Wang , Yiquan Li , Shuxin Li , Guangyong Sun
Prediction of the strength and damage behavior of natural fiber composites is a challenging task due to computational difficulties resulting from large fiber aspect ratio, non-uniform fiber length distribution, and interface modelling. A computational micromechanical model, which solves the above-mentioned challenges by incorporating a novel representative volume element (RVE) generation algorithm inspired by Lennard-Jones potential, is developed to predict the tensile behavior of unidirectional (UD) flax/epoxy composites. Effects of fiber aspect ratio, fiber spatial distribution, interfacial and matrix properties on longitudinal modulus, strength, and the damage behavior of the flax/epoxy composites are extensively studied using the numerical model. The modulus and strength predicted by numerical model were compared with both analytical models and experimental results, which not only validated the numerical model but identified the limitations of analytical model. The longitudinal strength of flax/epoxy composites initially increased with fiber aspect ratio. Upon reaching certain fiber aspect ratio (25 in this study), strength predicted by both RVE (RVEs with many fibers) and unit cell (unit cells with two fibers) are close to experimental value (240 MPa). This finding provides confidence and guidance on how to use simplified unit cells to predict the strength of natural fiber composites with acceptable accuracy and much lower computational cost.
{"title":"Micromechanical analyses of unidirectional (UD) discontinuous flax fiber reinforced composites","authors":"Yuan Yao , Yucheng Zhong , Zhoucheng Su , Ridha Muhammad , Dan Wang , Yiquan Li , Shuxin Li , Guangyong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prediction of the strength and damage behavior of natural fiber composites is a challenging task due to computational difficulties resulting from large fiber aspect ratio, non-uniform fiber length distribution, and interface modelling. A computational micromechanical model, which solves the above-mentioned challenges by incorporating a novel representative volume element (RVE) generation algorithm inspired by Lennard-Jones potential, is developed to predict the tensile behavior of unidirectional (UD) flax/epoxy composites. Effects of fiber aspect ratio, fiber spatial distribution, interfacial and matrix properties on longitudinal modulus, strength, and the damage behavior of the flax/epoxy composites are extensively studied using the numerical model. The modulus and strength predicted by numerical model were compared with both analytical models and experimental results, which not only validated the numerical model but identified the limitations of analytical model. The longitudinal strength of flax/epoxy composites initially increased with fiber aspect ratio. Upon reaching certain fiber aspect ratio (25 in this study), strength predicted by both RVE (RVEs with many fibers) and unit cell (unit cells with two fibers) are close to experimental value (240 MPa). This finding provides confidence and guidance on how to use simplified unit cells to predict the strength of natural fiber composites with acceptable accuracy and much lower computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110893"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110897
Faizan Mirza, Jason P. Mack, Arnob Banik, M.H. Khan, K.T. Tan
This study explores the post-impact bending behavior and failure mechanisms in hybrid sandwich composites made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). Flexural tests conducted at both ambient room temperature and low temperature Arctic conditions reveal a significant enhancement in flexural performance when GFRP layer is incorporated on the outer side of the hybrid composite. The investigation utilizes images from testing to elucidate damage modes, including fiber and matrix cracking in the composite facesheet, as well as core shearing and debonding in the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) foam core. Residual flexural properties are notably influenced by stacking sequence, facesheet compressive properties, pre-existing impact damage and temperature conditions. Analytical predictions, validated experimentally, highlight the effect of stacking sequence, low temperature, and impact energy on flexural collapse modes, with competing failure modes such as indentation and core shear. Collapse maps indicate that room temperature specimens predominantly collapse through indentation, while diverse collapse mechanisms emerge due to facesheet thickness, rigidity, and degraded tensile strength. The study aims to provide fundamental insights for future composite designs tailored for Arctic applications.
{"title":"Post impact flexural behavior investigation of hybrid foam-core sandwich composites at extreme Arctic temperature","authors":"Faizan Mirza, Jason P. Mack, Arnob Banik, M.H. Khan, K.T. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the post-impact bending behavior and failure mechanisms in hybrid sandwich composites made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). Flexural tests conducted at both ambient room temperature and low temperature Arctic conditions reveal a significant enhancement in flexural performance when GFRP layer is incorporated on the outer side of the hybrid composite. The investigation utilizes images from testing to elucidate damage modes, including fiber and matrix cracking in the composite facesheet, as well as core shearing and debonding in the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) foam core. Residual flexural properties are notably influenced by stacking sequence, facesheet compressive properties, pre-existing impact damage and temperature conditions. Analytical predictions, validated experimentally, highlight the effect of stacking sequence, low temperature, and impact energy on flexural collapse modes, with competing failure modes such as indentation and core shear. Collapse maps indicate that room temperature specimens predominantly collapse through indentation, while diverse collapse mechanisms emerge due to facesheet thickness, rigidity, and degraded tensile strength. The study aims to provide fundamental insights for future composite designs tailored for Arctic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110897"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110894
Yaxin Duan , Hongbin Yang , Yue Niu , Ying Han , Aoran Wang , Hongxiang Xie , Ting Xu , Mengge Gao , Chuanling Si
In this study, a new strategy for preparing cellulose nanofibers/polymethyl methacrylate (CNF/PMMA) composite with high strength and high transmittance was developed. The UV curing technique was adopted to induce the polymerization of MMA and the grafting modification of methacryloylated CNF aerogel (CNFMA). The compatibility between CNF aerogel and PMMA was significantly improved through the grafting modification of CNF aerogel. The cold ultraviolet photopolymerization strategy makes the polymerization reaction much milder. The transmittance of the CNFMA/PMMA composite was 86.45 %, showing only a slight reduction compared to PMMA. Its tensile strength increased to 69.21 MPa, about twice that of PMMA, and 1.5 times that of CNFpure/PMMA, proving the interaction between CNF and PMMA was greatly enhanced due to the successful grafting of PMMA onto the surface of CNF. The glass transition temperature is 108.1 °C, which increased by nearly 20 %. The thermal stability has also been improved, as reflected by a 10 % increase in the initial pyrolysis temperature. Overall, this work provides a mild and green preparation method for CNF/PMMA composites, making them suitable for applications in the field of high-strength organic glass.
{"title":"Engineering cellulose nanofibril aerogel for reinforcing polymethyl methacrylate with superior mechanical strength, high transparency, and improved thermal stability","authors":"Yaxin Duan , Hongbin Yang , Yue Niu , Ying Han , Aoran Wang , Hongxiang Xie , Ting Xu , Mengge Gao , Chuanling Si","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a new strategy for preparing cellulose nanofibers/polymethyl methacrylate (CNF/PMMA) composite with high strength and high transmittance was developed. The UV curing technique was adopted to induce the polymerization of MMA and the grafting modification of methacryloylated CNF aerogel (CNF<sub>MA</sub>). The compatibility between CNF aerogel and PMMA was significantly improved through the grafting modification of CNF aerogel. The cold ultraviolet photopolymerization strategy makes the polymerization reaction much milder. The transmittance of the CNF<sub>MA</sub>/PMMA composite was 86.45 %, showing only a slight reduction compared to PMMA. Its tensile strength increased to 69.21 MPa, about twice that of PMMA, and 1.5 times that of CNF<sub>pure</sub>/PMMA, proving the interaction between CNF and PMMA was greatly enhanced due to the successful grafting of PMMA onto the surface of CNF. The glass transition temperature is 108.1 °C, which increased by nearly 20 %. The thermal stability has also been improved, as reflected by a 10 % increase in the initial pyrolysis temperature. Overall, this work provides a mild and green preparation method for CNF/PMMA composites, making them suitable for applications in the field of high-strength organic glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110894"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110885
Wenchao Li , Zhengnan Su , Yanru Hu , Lihui Meng , Fang Zhu , Bin Xie , Zilin Zhou , Shuojie Cui , Meng Wang , Qingzhi Wu , Shun Yao
Although poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) has been widely used in orthopedic surgeries, its clinical efficacy is challenged by ineffective bone regeneration and insufficient osteointegration. Herein, inspired by the Mortise-and-tenon joint in traditional Chinese architectural art, a novel strategy has been developed to construct photothermal-responsive PEEK composite implants, with tapered lock-groove edges as proof of concept, by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) loaded with polydopamine-coated nano-zirconia (PDA@ZrO2) into PEEK (namely PGPZ composite). The PGPZ composite exhibits improved mechanical properties, good cytocompatibility and blood compatibility, excellent antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity remotely controlled by near-infrared irradiation (NIR). The cranial defects experiment on rabbits reveals that repeated NIR treatment on PGPZ composite implant significantly accelerates endogenous bone regeneration. More importantly, abundant newly-formed bone has materialized in the lock grooves, forming interlocked Mortise-and-tenon joints with the implant. This study not only pave the way for further clinical applications of the PEEK composite implants with improved bioactivities to promote bone regeneration and osteointegration, but also providing a novel strategy for structural and functional design of various tissue engineering implants.
{"title":"Functional and structural construction of photothermal-responsive PEEK composite implants to promote bone regeneration and bone-implant integration","authors":"Wenchao Li , Zhengnan Su , Yanru Hu , Lihui Meng , Fang Zhu , Bin Xie , Zilin Zhou , Shuojie Cui , Meng Wang , Qingzhi Wu , Shun Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) has been widely used in orthopedic surgeries, its clinical efficacy is challenged by ineffective bone regeneration and insufficient osteointegration. Herein, inspired by the Mortise-and-tenon joint in traditional Chinese architectural art, a novel strategy has been developed to construct photothermal-responsive PEEK composite implants, with tapered lock-groove edges as proof of concept, by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) loaded with polydopamine-coated nano-zirconia (PDA@ZrO<sub>2</sub>) into PEEK (namely PGPZ composite). The PGPZ composite exhibits improved mechanical properties, good cytocompatibility and blood compatibility, excellent antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity remotely controlled by near-infrared irradiation (NIR). The cranial defects experiment on rabbits reveals that repeated NIR treatment on PGPZ composite implant significantly accelerates endogenous bone regeneration. More importantly, abundant newly-formed bone has materialized in the lock grooves, forming interlocked Mortise-and-tenon joints with the implant. This study not only pave the way for further clinical applications of the PEEK composite implants with improved bioactivities to promote bone regeneration and osteointegration, but also providing a novel strategy for structural and functional design of various tissue engineering implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 110885"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110889
Shen Zhao , Zhixiong Wu , Tao Wang , Yemao Han , Huiming Liu , Zhicong Miao , Rongjin Huang , Laifeng Li
The increasingly powerful computing capabilities of 5G technology are posing greater heat dissipation challenges for communications base stations. Passive radiative cooling, as a promising cooling strategy without energy consumption, however, is severely limited by its insufficient cooling power especially in the face of high heat flux conditions. Herein, we report a tri-function passive radiative cooler (TPRC) to enhance the cooling capacity through the synergistic effect of broadband radiative cooling, latent heat storage, and directional thermal conduction. Vacuum-assisted self-stacking, skeleton absorption and coating methods are used to fabricate TPRC. Under the heating power density of 4000 W/m2, TPRC lowered the thermal equilibrium temperature to 74.1 °C, a reduction of 16 °C and 3.7 °C compared to the bare aluminum plate and single radiative film, respectively. The contributions of these three cooling types were analyzed and it revealed that optimizing thermal conduction can effectively improve cooling efficiency. Our work provides a comprehensive strategy for expanding the application of passive radiative cooling to high power density devices.
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