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State of the research on regeneration and reactivation techniques for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-laden granular activated carbons (GACs) 负载全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的颗粒活性炭再生和再活化技术研究现状
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100955
Erica Gagliano , Pietro P. Falciglia , Yeakub Zaker , Nazmiye C. Birben , Tanju Karanfil , Paolo Roccaro

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), man-made ‘forever chemicals’, have been extensively released into the environment. Currently, adsorption is the chief option for removing PFAS from contaminated water. However, the regeneration and reactivation of PFAS-laden adsorbents are still a challenging task, and several investigations are ongoing to find the most suitable technology. The current state of research and development on available techniques for PFAS-laden adsorbents, mainly granular activated carbons (GACs), is provided in this article with a particular focus on thermal-based processes. Despite the growing research on PFAS degradation pathways, future investigations are needed to systematically assess the interplay between PFAS and co-adsorbed organic and inorganic species and to pursue on-site regeneration avoiding further transportation and/or disposal of exhausted materials.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是人造的“永久化学品”,已广泛释放到环境中。目前,吸附是去除污染水中PFAS的主要选择。然而,装载pfas的吸附剂的再生和再激活仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务,并且正在进行一些研究以找到最合适的技术。本文介绍了含pfas吸附剂(主要是颗粒活性炭)的现有技术的研究和发展现状,并重点介绍了基于热的工艺。尽管对PFAS降解途径的研究越来越多,但未来的研究需要系统地评估PFAS与共吸附的有机和无机物种之间的相互作用,并寻求现场再生,避免进一步运输和/或处理耗尽的物质。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects of complete mineralization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by thermal destruction methods 全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质热破坏完全矿化的前景
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100954
Lucas DS Vargette , Nathalie De Coensel , Kevin De Ras , Ruben Van de Vijver , Stefan Voorspoels , Kevin M Van Geem

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made chemicals found in various consumer goods due to their unique properties. Failing abatement techniques and improper waste management result in the release of these chemicals into the environment (diluted in soil, water, and air) causing detrimental effects to human health. Therefore, a variety of novel technologies is currently under development to destroy PFAS. Thermal destruction using active materials has the potential to achieve full mineralization of the fluorine atoms. Nevertheless, two major challenges need to be overcome to remove doubts about the destruction efficiency and enable further optimization: 1) which combination of process conditions/dedicated destruction techniques/active materials can lead to complete mineralization and 2) incomplete mass balance closure by currently employed analysis techniques.

Owing to the complexity of matrices and the myriad of intermediate and incomplete PFAS degradation compounds, a single ‘fit-for-all’ analytical standard/method likely does not exist. Therefore, a holistic combination of targeted, semi-targeted, and nontargeted analyses is required to obtain maximally comprehensive insight into the PFAS degradation compounds. The volatile degradation products can be analyzed via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Nonvolatiles can be trapped and analyzed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, and a myriad of elemental analysis techniques. In addition, also the remaining solid residue needs to be extracted and analyzed via specific methods to quantify the PFAS content in the solid residues.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一类人造化学品,因其独特的性能而存在于各种消费品中。失败的减排技术和不当的废物管理导致这些化学品释放到环境中(在土壤、水和空气中稀释),对人类健康造成有害影响。因此,目前正在开发各种新技术来破坏PFAS。使用活性材料进行热破坏有可能实现氟原子的完全矿化。然而,为了消除对破坏效率的怀疑并进一步优化,需要克服两个主要挑战:1)工艺条件/专用破坏技术/活性材料的组合可以导致完全矿化;2)目前使用的分析技术不完全关闭质量平衡。由于基质的复杂性和无数的中间和不完整的PFAS降解化合物,单一的“适合所有”的分析标准/方法可能不存在。因此,需要将靶向分析、半靶向分析和非靶向分析结合起来,以最大限度地全面了解PFAS降解化合物。挥发性降解产物可通过综合二维气相色谱-高分辨率质谱(HRMS)分析。非挥发性物质可以通过超高效液相色谱法、高分辨率质谱法和三重四极杆质谱法以及无数元素分析技术进行捕获和分析。此外,还需要对剩余的固体残渣进行提取和分析,通过特定的方法来量化固体残渣中PFAS的含量。
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引用次数: 0
Moving beyond techno-economic considerations: incorporating organizational constraints into fit-for-use technologies 超越技术经济考虑:将组织约束纳入适合使用的技术
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100950
Lauryn A Spearing , Miriam Tariq , Haniye Safarpour , Thomas Abia , Matt Mallory , Jeff Guild , Lynn E Katz , Kasey M Faust

Many sectors are threatened by water stress, creating a pressing need to explore the use of alternative water sources or water reuse. There has been an increase in innovative water treatment technologies to leverage such sources, yet many of these innovations have been slow to implement. Here, we discuss that this could be due to a lack of focus on factors outside of technical and economic considerations usually explored. There is a need to focus our attention on the organizational factors that can either drive or hinder water treatment technology uptake. Using a case study from the chemical sector, we show how the decision-making process behind technology adoption is complex and that we must capture perspectives from multiple types of stakeholders.

许多部门都受到用水压力的威胁,因此迫切需要探索使用替代水源或水的再利用。利用这些资源的创新水处理技术有所增加,但其中许多创新实施缓慢。在这里,我们讨论这可能是由于缺乏对通常探讨的技术和经济考虑因素之外的因素的关注。有必要将我们的注意力集中在能够推动或阻碍水处理技术采用的组织因素上。通过对化工行业的案例研究,我们展示了技术采用背后的决策过程是如何复杂的,我们必须从多种类型的利益相关者那里获取观点。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in carbon nitride supported single-atom photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution 氮化碳负载单原子析氢光催化剂的研究进展
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100941
Fanpeng Meng , Zhihao Tian , Wenjie Tian , Huayang Zhang

Owing to their distinct collaboration nature, high atom usage, and high catalytic performance, single-atom catalysts have become most dynamically studied in various catalytic reactions. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as one of the most promising two-dimensional supports for stable immobilization of single-atom metals, has received extensive investigations. In this review, the recent developments of g-C3N4-supported single-atom photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution are summarized, with the metal-support interactions and structure regulations for stable and efficient catalysis being highlighted. Finally, the difficulties and potentials for future development of g-C3N4-supported single-atom materials in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are proposed.

单原子催化剂由于其独特的协同性质、高原子利用率和高催化性能,在各种催化反应中得到了最动态的研究。石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)作为一种最有前途的稳定固定单原子金属的二维载体,受到了广泛的研究。本文综述了近年来g- c3n4负载单原子析氢催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了g- c3n4负载单原子析氢催化剂的金属-载体相互作用和结构规律。最后,提出了g- c3n4负载单原子材料光催化析氢的难点和未来发展潜力。
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引用次数: 3
Flexible solar-to-iron system: a new concept and its implementation 柔性太阳能制铁系统:新概念及其实施
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100949
Haitao Yang , Huigang Zhang , Qingshan Zhu , Jiaxin Cheng , Puheng Yang , Zhen Wang , Renze Xu

Green electricity from solar energy has achieved rapid development. However, solar power is intermittent and fluctuating, whereas industrial productions are generally continuous. To overcome the contradiction, either expensive large-scale energy storage technologies are deployed, or new industrial production processes are developed to adapt to the intermittent characteristics of solar energy. This approach may be referred to as the flexible production mode. Here, we propose a solar-to-iron flexible production system, which includes electrochemical ironmaking and iron-based energy power systems (iron–air batteries and iron powder combustion). The flexible electrochemical ironmaking system produces iron in the sunshine when there is renewable electricity and is also able to standby in the dark. The produced iron could be delivered for common needs or releases energy again by iron–air batteries or iron powder combustion. Such a loop may transform the current ironmaking technologies, reduce carbon dioxide emission, and accommodate peak-shaving/load-shifting concurrently.

太阳能绿色电力取得了快速发展。然而,太阳能是间歇性和波动的,而工业生产通常是连续的。为了克服这一矛盾,要么部署昂贵的大规模储能技术,要么开发新的工业生产工艺来适应太阳能的间歇性特性。这种方法可以称为柔性生产模式。在这里,我们提出了一个太阳能制铁柔性生产系统,其中包括电化学炼铁和铁基能源动力系统(铁空气电池和铁粉燃烧)。灵活的电化学炼铁系统在有可再生电力的情况下在阳光下生产铁,也可以在黑暗中备用。生产出来的铁可以用于日常生活,也可以通过铁-空气电池或铁粉燃烧的方式重新释放能量。这样的回路可以改变当前的炼铁技术,减少二氧化碳排放,并同时适应调峰/负荷转移。
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引用次数: 1
Single-atom coordination-dependent catalysis for peroxymonosulfate-mediated water purification 过氧一硫酸盐介导的水净化的单原子配位依赖催化
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100931
Jun Wang , Simeng Bi , Yang Zhang , Yi Shen , Lun Lu , Xiaoguang Duan , Xiaoyao Tan , Shaobin Wang

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been extensively employed for peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs), because of the maximum atomic efficiency offered by homogeneous-dispersed metal atoms and facile recyclability attained by the heterogeneous substrate. Intriguingly, though SACs with atomically isolated metal–nitrogen moieties have shown exceptional activities in PMS-AOP-based water treatment, their catalytic performances and mechanisms varied with the structures. In this review, the catalytic mechanisms of SACs/PMS systems were summarized. Specifically, nonradical reactive oxygen species are involved in the majority of the reactions, while singlet oxygenation, electron-transfer, and high-valent metal-oxo species are identified as dominant nonradical pathways. We also discussed the effects of metal center, metal loading, and substrate on the overall catalytic activities and mechanisms in PMS-AOPs. The pivotal roles of coordination environment in modulating the activity of SACs and reaction pathways were highlighted. Furthermore, an outlook on future challenges and prospective for SACs in water purification is presented.

单原子催化剂(SACs)被广泛应用于过氧单硫酸盐基高级氧化过程(PMS-AOPs),因为均匀分散的金属原子提供了最大的原子效率,并且非均相底物易于回收。有趣的是,尽管具有原子隔离金属氮基团的SACs在pms - aop基水处理中表现出特殊的活性,但它们的催化性能和机制因结构而异。本文综述了SACs/PMS体系的催化机理。具体来说,非自由基活性氧参与了大多数反应,而单线态氧合、电子转移和高价金属氧被认为是主要的非自由基途径。我们还讨论了金属中心、金属负载和底物对PMS-AOPs整体催化活性和机理的影响。强调了配位环境在调节SACs活性和反应途径中的关键作用。展望了活性炭在水净化领域的发展前景和面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
How synthetic methods of single-atom electrocatalysts affect the catalytic performance of carbon dioxide reduction 单原子电催化剂的合成方法对二氧化碳还原的催化性能有何影响
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100922
Sichun Yang, Zhiwen Zhang, Haijiao Lu, Lianzhou Wang

Anthropogenic accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) rises many environmental issues, including global warming, ocean acidification, and glacial ablation. Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an efficient approach to reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration as well as producing value-added chemicals. Single-atom electrocatalysts (SAECs) have attracted much attention due to their remarkable electrocatalytic performance. The synthetic methods of SAECs can significantly affect the structure and, thus the catalytic performance of energy conversion reactions like CO2RR. However, the underlying mechanism of the impacts has been largely overlooked. The focus of this short review is to reveal the correlation of synthetic methods with the catalytic performance of SAECs for CO2RR and provide insights for future research in this field.

大气中二氧化碳(CO2)的人为积累引发了许多环境问题,包括全球变暖、海洋酸化和冰川消融。电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO2RR)是降低大气CO2浓度和生产高附加值化学品的有效途径。单原子电催化剂因其优异的电催化性能而受到广泛关注。saec的合成方法会显著影响其结构,从而影响其对CO2RR等能量转化反应的催化性能。然而,这些影响的潜在机制在很大程度上被忽视了。本文的重点是揭示合成方法与saec对CO2RR催化性能的相关性,并为该领域的未来研究提供见解。
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引用次数: 1
Opportunities for process intensification using non-thermal plasmas 利用非热等离子体强化工艺的机会
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100930
Adam P Harvey , Ibrahim A Mohammed , Usman Dahiru , Kui Zhang

In non-thermal plasmas (NTPs), molecules and atoms are activated and excited by strong electric fields resulting in nonequilibrium between the species, unlike very high temperatures required by ‘thermal plasmas’ as a result of the equilibrium temperature between the species. As such, various chemical reactions can be activated by NTPs at relatively low temperatures and ambient pressure in NTPs, even where temperatures of 100s or even 1000s of oC required using conventional chemistry. This opens many diverse opportunities for the intensification of manufacturing processes. This review will give an overview of some of the key opportunities for the application of NTPs for PI in the chemical industry.

在非热等离子体(NTPs)中,分子和原子被强电场激活和激发,导致物质之间的不平衡,不像“热等离子体”由于物质之间的平衡温度而需要非常高的温度。因此,NTPs可以在相对较低的温度和NTPs中的环境压力下激活各种化学反应,即使使用传统化学方法需要100℃甚至1000℃的温度。这为强化制造过程提供了许多不同的机会。本文将概述NTPs在化学工业中应用于PI的一些关键机会。
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引用次数: 2
Single-atom catalysts for nitrogen oxide emission control 用于氮氧化物排放控制的单原子催化剂
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100948
Kuo Liu , Tao Zhang

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have gained more and more attention due to their unique properties and behavior in the field of environmental catalysis. Recently, the number of reports on application of SACs in automobile and stationary emission control is growing. Especially, utilization of SACs in the removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) has attracted many researchers. This review summarizes various SACs used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 (NH3–SCR), carbon monoxide (CO–SCR), hydrocarbons (HC–SCR), and H2 (H2–SCR). The challenges in application of SACs in the field of NOx emission control and suggestion for future research are also provided.

单原子催化剂以其独特的性能和行为在环境催化领域受到越来越多的关注。近年来,关于sac在汽车尾气排放控制中的应用的报道越来越多。特别是利用SACs去除氮氧化物(NOx)引起了许多研究人员的关注。综述了NH3 (NH3 - SCR)、一氧化碳(CO-SCR)、碳氢化合物(HC-SCR)和H2 (H2 - SCR)选择性催化还原NOx的各种SACs。最后提出了活性炭在NOx排放控制领域应用面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 2
Metal–organic framework-derived single-atom catalysts for peroxymonosulfate-mediated organic wastewater remediation 金属有机骨架衍生的单原子催化剂用于过氧单硫酸盐介导的有机废水修复
IF 6.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100940
Haitao Li , Jian Liu

As an emerging area, single-atom catalysts (SACs), in the past decade, have sparked tremendous research interests in various fields due to maximum atom utilization and excellent catalytic activity. Recently, SACs have been extended to peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-mediated advanced oxidation processes for organic wastewater remediation. In the current perspective, we first briefly overviewed typical synthetic methods and characterization techniques for metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived SACs. Then, we highlighted the degradation applications of various refractory organic pollutants via SAC/PMS systems. Subsequently, the catalytic mechanisms as well as the variety of reactive species were discussed. Finally, we proposed several future development directions for MOF-based SACs in environmental remediation.

单原子催化剂作为一个新兴的领域,由于其最大的原子利用率和优异的催化活性,在近十年来引起了各个领域的极大研究兴趣。最近,SACs已扩展到过氧单硫酸盐(PMS)介导的高级氧化工艺中,用于有机废水的修复。从目前的角度来看,我们首先简要概述了金属有机骨架(MOF)衍生sac的典型合成方法和表征技术。重点介绍了SAC/PMS系统对各种难降解有机污染物的降解应用。随后,讨论了催化机理以及反应物质的种类。最后,提出了基于mof的sac在环境修复中的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 2
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Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering
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