Eco-Environment & Health最新文献_第2页

Adverse outcome pathway for the neurotoxicity of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A systematic review 全氟和多氟烷基物质神经毒性的不良后果途径：系统综述

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.08.002

Shenpan Li , Shuangjian Qin , Huixian Zeng , Weichun Chou , Anna Oudin , Katja M. Kanninen , Pasi Jalava , Guanghui Dong , Xiaowen Zeng

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disruptors with unambiguous neurotoxic effects. However, due to variability in experimental models, population characteristics, and molecular endpoints, the elucidation of mechanisms underlying PFAS-induced neurotoxicity remains incomplete. In this review, we utilized the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, a comprehensive tool for evaluating toxicity across multiple biological levels (molecular, cellular, tissue and organ, individual, and population), to elucidate the mechanisms of neurotoxicity induced by PFAS. Based on 271 studies, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation emerged as the molecular initiating event 1 (MIE1). Subsequent key events (KEs) at the cellular level include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, altered Ca²⁺ signal transduction, glutamate and dopamine signaling dyshomeostasis, and reduction of cholinergic and serotonin. These KEs culminate in synaptic dysfunction at organ and tissue levels. Further insights were offered into MIE2 and upstream KEs associated with altered thyroid hormone levels, contributing to synaptic dysfunction and hypomyelination at the organ and tissue levels. The inhibition of Na⁺/I⁻ symporter (NIS) was identified as the MIE2, initiating a cascade of KEs at the cellular level, including altered thyroid hormone synthesis, thyroid hormone transporters, thyroid hormone metabolism, and binding with thyroid hormone receptors. All KEs ultimately result in adverse outcomes (AOs), including cognition and memory impairment, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, and neuromotor development impairment. To our knowledge, this review represents the first comprehensive and systematic AOP analysis delineating the intricate mechanisms responsible for PFAS-induced neurotoxic effects, providing valuable insights for risk assessments and mitigation strategies against PFAS-related health hazards.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一种内分泌干扰物，具有明确的神经毒性作用。然而，由于实验模型、人群特征和分子终点的差异，对全氟辛烷磺酸诱导神经毒性机制的阐明仍不完整。在本综述中，我们采用了不良后果途径（AOP）框架来阐明全氟辛烷磺酸诱导神经毒性的机制。该框架是一种评估多个生物水平（分子、细胞、组织和器官、个体和人群）毒性的综合工具。在 271 项研究的基础上，活性氧 (ROS) 的生成成为分子起始事件 1 (MIE1)。细胞水平的后续关键事件（KEs）包括氧化应激、神经炎症、细胞凋亡、Ca2+ 信号转导改变、谷氨酸和多巴胺信号失衡以及胆碱能和血清素减少。这些 KEs 最终导致器官和组织水平的突触功能障碍。研究还进一步揭示了与甲状腺激素水平改变相关的MIE2和上游KEs，这些KEs在器官和组织水平上导致了突触功能障碍和髓鞘功能减退。Na+/I-交感器（NIS）的抑制被确定为MIE2，它在细胞水平启动了一连串的KEs，包括甲状腺激素合成、甲状腺激素转运体、甲状腺激素代谢以及与甲状腺激素受体结合的改变。所有KEs最终都会导致不良后果（AOs），包括认知和记忆障碍、自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍和神经运动发育障碍。据我们所知，本综述是首次对 AOP 进行全面、系统的分析，描述了全氟辛烷磺酸诱发神经毒性效应的复杂机制，为针对全氟辛烷磺酸相关健康危害的风险评估和缓解策略提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Piezocatalytic techniques and materials for degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solution 用于降解水溶液中有机污染物的压电催化技术和材料

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.08.001

Bo Liu , Xiaolu Liu , Yang Li , Muliang Xiao , Zhongshan Chen , Suhua Wang , Hongqing Wang , Xiangke Wang

With the rapid development of industry, agriculture, and urbanization, various organic pollutants have accumulated in natural water, posing a potential threat to both the ecological environment and human beings, and removing organic pollutants from water is an urgent priority. Piezoelectric techniques, with the advantages of green, simple operation, and high efficiency, are highly sought after in the degradation of environmental organic pollutants. Moreover, combining piezoelectric techniques with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalysis, or electrocatalysis can further effectively promote the efficient degradation of target pollutants. Therefore, a perspective is presented on the recent progress of piezoelectric techniques for the degradation of various organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. The classification of various piezoelectric materials, as well as modification strategies for improving piezocatalysis, are first systematically summarized. Furthermore, the latest research on piezocatalysis and its combination with other technologies, such as AOPs, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis, in the degradation of environmental pollutants is discussed. The potential mechanisms of piezocatalysis are also analyzed in depth. Finally, the urgent challenges and future opportunities for piezoelectric techniques in the degradation of organic pollutants are provided.

随着工业、农业和城市化的快速发展，天然水中积累了各种有机污染物，对生态环境和人类都构成了潜在威胁，去除水中的有机污染物已成为当务之急。压电技术具有绿色环保、操作简单、效率高等优点，在降解环境有机污染物方面备受青睐。此外，将压电技术与高级氧化过程（AOPs）、光催化或电催化相结合，可进一步有效促进目标污染物的高效降解。因此，本文介绍了压电技术在降解水溶液中各种有机污染物方面的最新进展。首先系统地总结了各种压电材料的分类以及改善压电催化的改性策略。此外，还讨论了有关压电催化及其与其他技术（如 AOP、光催化和电催化）在降解环境污染物方面结合的最新研究。此外，还深入分析了压电催化的潜在机制。最后，介绍了压电技术在降解有机污染物方面面临的紧迫挑战和未来机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Styrene and ethylbenzene exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal gene–environment interaction study 苯乙烯和乙苯暴露与 2 型糖尿病：基因与环境相互作用的纵向研究

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.07.001

Linling Yu , Wei Liu , Yongfang Zhang , Qiyou Tan , Jiahao Song , Lieyang Fan , Xiaojie You , Min Zhou , Bin Wang , Weihong Chen

Styrene and ethylbenzene (S/EB) are identified as hazardous air contaminants that raise significant concerns. The association between S/EB exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the interaction between genes and environment, remains poorly understood. Our study consisted of 2219 Chinese adults who were part of the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. A follow-up assessment was conducted after six years. Exposure to S/EB was quantified by determining the concentrations of urinary biomarkers of exposure to S/EB (UBE-S/EB; urinary phenylglyoxylic acid level plus urinary mandelic acid level). Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the relations of UBE-S/EB and genetic risk score (GRS) with T2DM prevalence and incidence. The interaction effects of UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM were investigated on multiplicative and additive scales. UBE-S/EB was dose-dependently and positively related to T2DM prevalence and incidence. Participants with high levels of UBE-S/EB [relative risk (RR) = 1.930, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.157–3.309] or GRS (1.943, 1.110–3.462) demonstrated the highest risk of incident T2DM, in comparison to those with low levels of UBE-S/EB or GRS. Significant additive interaction between UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM incidence was discovered with relative excess risk due to interaction (95% CI) of 0.178 (0.065–0.292). The RR (95% CI) of T2DM incidence was 2.602 (1.238–6.140) for individuals with high UBE-S/EB and high GRS, compared to those with low UBE-S/EB and low GRS. This study presented the initial evidence that S/EB exposure was significantly related to increased risk of T2DM incidence, and the relationship was interactively aggravated by genetic predisposition.

苯乙烯和乙基苯（S/EB）被认为是引起严重关注的有害空气污染物。人们对苯乙烯和乙苯（S/EB）暴露与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）发病率之间的关系以及基因和环境之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。我们的研究包括武汉-珠海队列中的 2219 名中国成年人。六年后进行了一次随访评估。通过测定尿液中暴露于 S/EB 的生物标志物（UBE-S/EB；尿液苯乙酸水平加尿液扁桃酸水平）的浓度，量化了 S/EB 暴露。为研究 UBE-S/EB 和遗传风险评分（GRS）与 T2DM 患病率和发病率的关系，建立了逻辑回归模型。研究了 UBE-S/EB 和 GRS 对 T2DM 的乘法和加法交互效应。UBE-S/EB 与 T2DM 患病率和发病率呈剂量依赖性正相关。与 UBE-S/EB 或 GRS 水平低的参与者相比，UBE-S/EB 水平高的参与者[相对风险 (RR) = 1.930，95% 置信区间 (CI)：1.157-3.309]或 GRS (1.943, 1.110-3.462)发生 T2DM 的风险最高。研究发现，UBE-S/EB 和 GRS 对 T2DM 发病率有显著的相加作用，相互作用导致的相对超额风险（95% CI）为 0.178（0.065-0.292）。与低 UBE-S/EB 和低 GRS 的人群相比，高 UBE-S/EB 和高 GRS 的人群 T2DM 发病率的 RR（95% CI）为 2.602（1.238-6.140）。这项研究提供了初步证据，表明 S/EB 暴露与 T2DM 发病风险的增加有显著关系，而遗传易感性会交互加重这种关系。

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引用次数: 0

Photochemical behavior of dissolved organic matter in environmental surface waters: A review 环境地表水中溶解有机物的光化学行为：综述

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.06.002

Yichen Xu , Yutong Zhang , Longlong Qiu , Ming Zhang , Jiaojiao Yang , Rong Ji , Davide Vione , Zhanghao Chen , Cheng Gu

As an important group of widespread organic substances in aquatic ecosystems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an essential role in carbon recycling and transformation processes. The photochemical behavior of DOM is one of the main ways it participates in these processes, and it attracts extensive attention. However, due to a variety of sources and water conditions, including both freshwater and seawater environments, the photochemical properties of DOM exhibit great differences. Nowadays, a large number of studies have focused on the generation process of reactive species (RS) from sunlit DOM, while little effort has been made so far to provide a comprehensive summary of the photochemical behavior of DOM, especially in fresh and saline aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we analyzed the research hotspot on DOM photochemistry over the last 30 years, summarizing the generation of photoreactive species in natural water environments containing DOM (both freshwater and seawater) and listing the main factors affecting the rate, yield, and species of RS photoproduction. Compared with freshwater, seawater has unique characteristics such as high pH value, high ionic strength, and halide ions, which affect the photogeneration of RS, the photoconversion process, as well as the reaction pathways of various environmental substances. In general, DOM-induced surface water photochemistry has important impacts on the environmental transformation and toxic effects of aquatic pollutants and can even contribute significantly to the Earth’s carbon cycle, which would have potential implications for both human and ecological health.

作为水生生态系统中广泛存在的一类重要有机物质，溶解有机物（DOM）在碳的循环和转化过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。DOM 的光化学行为是其参与这些过程的主要方式之一，因此受到广泛关注。然而，由于来源和水体条件的不同，包括淡水和海水环境，DOM 的光化学特性表现出很大差异。目前，大量研究都集中在日照 DOM 活性物种（RS）的生成过程上，而对 DOM 的光化学行为，尤其是淡水和盐水生态系统中的 DOM 的光化学行为进行全面总结的研究还很少。在这篇综述中，我们分析了近 30 年来 DOM 光化学的研究热点，总结了含有 DOM 的天然水环境（包括淡水和海水）中光活性物种的生成情况，并列举了影响 RS 光生成速率、产量和物种的主要因素。与淡水相比，海水具有高 pH 值、高离子强度和卤化物离子等独特特性，这些特性会影响 RS 的光生成、光转化过程以及各种环境物质的反应途径。总的来说，DOM 诱导的地表水光化学对水生污染物的环境转化和毒性效应有重要影响，甚至会对地球的碳循环产生重大影响，从而对人类和生态健康产生潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Let the two sides of the same coin meet—Environmental health and safety-oriented development of functional nanomaterials for environmental remediations 让硬币的两面相遇--以环境健康和安全为导向开发用于环境修复的功能纳米材料

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.06.001

Shuangyu Wu , Jian Peng , Stephanie Ling Jie Lee , Xiaoqing Niu , Yue Jiang , Sijie Lin

Nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials have been at the forefront of technological breakthroughs of the 21st century. With the challenges of increasingly complex and emergent environmental pollution, nanotechnology offers exciting complementary approaches to achieve high efficiencies with low or green energy input. However, unknown and unintended hazardous effects and health risks associated with nanotechnology hinder its full-scale implementation. Therefore, the development of safer nanomaterials lies in the critical balance between the applications and implications of nanomaterials. To facilitate constructive dialogue between the two sides (i.e., applications and implications) of the same coin, this review sets forth to summarize the current progress of the environmental applications of nanomaterials and establish the structure–property-functionality relationship. A systematic analysis of the structure–property-toxicity relationship is also provided to advocate the Safe and Sustainable-by-Design strategy for nanomaterials. Lastly, the review also discusses the future of artificial intelligence-assisted environmental health and safety-oriented development of nanomaterials.

纳米技术和工程纳米材料一直是 21 世纪技术突破的前沿。面对日益复杂和新出现的环境污染挑战，纳米技术提供了令人兴奋的补充方法，以低能耗或绿色能源投入实现高效率。然而，与纳米技术相关的未知和意外的有害影响和健康风险阻碍了纳米技术的全面实施。因此，开发更安全的纳米材料需要在纳米材料的应用和影响之间取得关键的平衡。为了促进纳米材料应用和影响这两个方面的建设性对话，本综述总结了当前纳米材料在环境应用方面的进展，并建立了结构-性能-功能关系。此外，还对结构-性能-毒性关系进行了系统分析，以倡导纳米材料的安全和可持续设计战略。最后，该综述还讨论了人工智能辅助环境健康和以安全为导向的纳米材料开发的未来。

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引用次数: 0

Emergency of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water: Status, regulation, and mitigation strategies in developing countries 饮用水中全氟和多氟烷基物质的紧急情况：发展中国家的现状、监管和缓解战略

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.008

Adewale Adewuyi , Qilin Li

The detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water presents a significant challenge for developing countries, requiring urgent attention. This review focuses on understanding the emergence of PFAS in drinking water, health concerns, and removal strategies for PFAS in water systems in developing countries. This review indicates the need for more studies to be conducted in many developing nations due to limited information on the environmental status and fate of PFAS. The health consequences of PFAS in water are enormous and cannot be overemphasized. Efforts are ongoing to legislate a national standard for PFAS in drinking water. Currently, there are few known mitigation efforts from African countries, in contrast to several developing nations in Asia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop economically viable techniques that could be integrated into large-scale operations to remove PFAS from water systems in the region. However, despite the success achieved with removing long-chain PFAS from water, more studies are required on strategies for eliminating short-chain moieties in water.

检测水中的全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是发展中国家面临的一项重大挑战，亟需引起重视。本综述侧重于了解 PFAS 在饮用水中的出现、健康问题以及在发展中国家的供水系统中去除 PFAS 的策略。本综述指出，由于有关全氟辛烷磺酸的环境状况和归宿的信息有限，许多发展中国家需要开展更多的研究。水中的全氟辛烷磺酸对健康的影响是巨大的，无论怎样强调都不为过。目前正在努力制定饮用水中 PFAS 的国家标准。目前，非洲国家几乎没有已知的缓解措施，这与亚洲的几个发展中国家形成鲜明对比。因此，亟需开发经济上可行的技术，将其纳入大规模运营，以去除该地区供水系统中的全氟辛烷磺酸。不过，尽管在清除水中长链全氟辛烷磺酸方面取得了成功，但仍需对清除水中短链分子的战略进行更多研究。

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引用次数: 0

In situ imaging of microplastics in living organisms based on mass spectrometry technology 基于质谱技术的生物体内微塑料原位成像技术

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.007

Ye Li , Xiaoyu Sha , Yuan Wang , Yanfang Zhao , Junjie Zhang , Ping Wang , Xiangfeng Chen , Baoshan Xing , Lei Wang

Plastic pollution is widely present in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and microplastics (MPs) can be detected in organisms. In situ detection methods for MPs in organisms have attracted widespread attention. Traditional imaging characterization methods of MPs, including stereo microscopes and fluorescence microscopy, are typically used to image artificially added microsphere standards under laboratory conditions. However, they cannot specifically identify MPs in biological samples. Thus, there is a need for a detection technique that can provide spatial distribution information of MPs in biological samples as well as measure their quality and quantity. In this perspective, to obtain high-resolution images with chemical composition analysis, we compared ion sources for ionizing plastic macromolecules and mass analyzers for analyzing macromolecules. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is suitable for imaging characterization, while time-of-flight (TOF) and Orbitrap mass spectrometry are suitable for polymer mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, we propose a technique that combines MALDI with TOF or Orbitrap, which holds promise for the in situ imaging of MPs in biological samples.

塑料污染广泛存在于陆地和水生生态系统中，生物体内可以检测到微塑料（MPs）。生物体内 MPs 的原位检测方法已引起广泛关注。传统的 MPs 成像表征方法，包括立体显微镜和荧光显微镜，通常用于在实验室条件下对人工添加的微球标准进行成像。然而，这些方法无法特异性地识别生物样本中的 MPs。因此，需要一种既能提供生物样本中微球的空间分布信息，又能测量其质量和数量的检测技术。从这个角度出发，为了获得具有化学成分分析功能的高分辨率图像，我们对用于电离塑料大分子的离子源和用于分析大分子的质量分析仪进行了比较。基质辅助激光解吸/电离（MALDI）适用于成像表征，而飞行时间（TOF）和 Orbitrap 质谱仪则适用于聚合物质谱分析。此外，我们还提出了一种将 MALDI 与 TOF 或 Orbitrap 相结合的技术，有望用于生物样品中 MPs 的原位成像。

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引用次数: 0

Speciation and biogeochemical behavior of perfluoroalkyl acids in soils and their environmental implications: A review 土壤中全氟烷基酸的种类及其对环境的影响

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.005

Chao Guo , Shiwen Hu , Pengfei Cheng, Kuan Cheng, Yang Yang, Guojun Chen, Qi Wang, Ying Wang, Tongxu Liu

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging organic pollutants that have attracted significant attention in the fields of environmental chemistry and toxicology. Although PFAAs are pervasive in soils and sediments, there is a paucity of research regarding their environmental forms and driving mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the classification and biotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organic pollutant forms, PFAS extraction and analytical methods, the prediction of PFAS distribution in soils, and current PFAS remediation strategies. Four predominant PFAA forms have been proposed in soils: (i) aqueous-extracted PFAAs, (ii) organic-solvent extracted PFAAs, (iii) embedded or sequestered PFAAs, and (iv) covalently bound PFAAs. Furthermore, it suggests suitable extraction methods and predictive models for different PFAA forms, which are instrumental in the research on PFAA speciation and prediction in soils. Simultaneously, it was proposed that elemental cycling and microbial activity may affect the speciation of PFAS. Additionally, the categorization of PFAA forms facilitated the analysis of pollution remediation. Understanding the interplay between PFAA speciation, element cycling, and bacterial activity during soil remediation is essential for understanding remediation mechanisms and assessing the long-term stability of remediation methods. Future studies should expand the investigation of varying PFAA forms in different media, consider the potential binding forms of PFAAs to minerals, organic matter, and microbes, and evaluate the possible mechanisms of PFAA speciation variation.

全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）是一种新出现的有机污染物，已引起环境化学和毒理学领域的极大关注。虽然全氟烷基酸普遍存在于土壤和沉积物中，但有关其环境形式和驱动机制的研究却很少。本综述概述了全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的分类和生物毒性、有机污染物形式、PFAS 提取和分析方法、PFAS 在土壤中的分布预测以及当前的 PFAS 修复策略。研究提出了土壤中 PFAA 的四种主要形式：(i) 水提取的 PFAA，(ii) 有机溶剂提取的 PFAA，(iii) 嵌入或固着的 PFAA，以及 (iv) 共价结合的 PFAA。此外，该研究还针对不同形式的 PFAA 提出了合适的萃取方法和预测模型，这对土壤中 PFAA 的标示和预测研究很有帮助。同时，还提出元素循环和微生物活动可能会影响全氟辛烷磺酸的标示。此外，对全氟辛烷磺酸形态的分类也有助于对污染修复进行分析。了解土壤修复过程中全氟辛烷磺酸种类、元素循环和细菌活动之间的相互作用，对于了解修复机制和评估修复方法的长期稳定性至关重要。未来的研究应扩大对不同介质中不同形式的全氟辛烷磺酸的调查，考虑全氟辛烷磺酸与矿物质、有机物和微生物的潜在结合形式，并评估全氟辛烷磺酸标本变化的可能机制。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence risk of various arrhythmias: A prospective cohort study 长期暴露于空气污染与各种心律失常的发病风险：一项前瞻性队列研究

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.006

To investigate the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with incident arrhythmia from various causes, this prospective cohort study included 442,386 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Residential annual average exposures at baseline were evaluated, including fine particles (PM_2.5), coarse particles (PM_2.5–10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x). We further constructed a composite air pollution score (APS) to evaluate the concomitant exposure to these four pollutants. The associations of air pollutants with various arrhythmia subtypes were assessed utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, and the hazard ratios (HRs) for incident arrhythmias were estimated. A total of 41,021 patients with incident arrhythmia were recorded. The HRs of overall arrhythmia associated with a 10 μg/m³ increment in PM_2.5, PM_2.5–10, NO₂, and NO_x were 1.26, 0.95, 1.03, and 1.02, respectively. The HR was 1.08 in the highest quintile of the APS compared to the lowest one. For cause-specific arrhythmias, the HRs per unit increment in APS were 1.45, 1.67, 1.51, 1.80, 2.63, and 4.66 for atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia, intraventricular block, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature beats, respectively. Females, older individuals, overweight or obese individuals, and those with low education attainment, low income, or cardiometabolic morbidities had higher HRs associated with pollutants. Long-term exposure to air pollution is linked to increased incidence risks of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. More focus should be shifted to the impact of air pollution on other arrhythmias besides atrial fibrillation.

为了研究长期暴露于空气污染与各种原因引起的心律失常之间的关系，这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了英国生物库队列中的 442386 名参与者。我们评估了基线时的住宅年平均暴露量，包括细颗粒物（PM2.5）、粗颗粒物（PM2.5-10）、二氧化氮（NO2）和氮氧化物（NOx）。我们进一步构建了空气污染综合评分（APS），以评估同时暴露于这四种污染物的情况。我们利用 Cox 比例危险模型评估了空气污染物与各种心律失常亚型之间的关系，并估算了心律失常发病的危险比 (HR)。共记录了 41,021 名心律失常患者。PM2.5、PM2.5-10、二氧化氮和氮氧化物每增加 10 μg/m3，总体心律失常的危险比分别为 1.26、0.95、1.03 和 1.02。与最低值相比，APS 最高五分位数的心率为 1.08。就特定病因的心律失常而言，心房颤动、房室传导阻滞、心室颤动/心动过速、室内传导阻滞、室上性心动过速和室性早搏的 APS 每单位增量的 HR 分别为 1.45、1.67、1.51、1.80、2.63 和 4.66。女性、老年人、超重或肥胖者以及受教育程度低、收入低或患有心脏代谢疾病的人与污染物相关的心率较高。长期暴露于空气污染与房性和室性心律失常发病风险的增加有关。除心房颤动外，还应更加关注空气污染对其他心律失常的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing bioactivity of environmental water samples filtered using nanomembrane technology and mammalian cell lines 评估使用纳米膜技术和哺乳动物细胞系过滤的环境水样的生物活性

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.05.004

Sarah E. Morgan , Lisa A. DeLouise

This project reports on the use of a novel nanomembrane filtering technology to isolate and analyze the bioactivity of microplastic (MP)-containing debris from Lake Ontario water samples. Environmental MPs are a complex mixture of polymers and sorbed chemicals that are persistent and can exhibit a wide range of toxic effects. Since human exposure to MPs is unavoidable, it is necessary to characterize their bioactivity to assess potential health risks. This work seeks to quantify MP presence in the nearshore waters of Lake Ontario and begin to characterize the bioactivity of the filtrate containing MPs. We utilized silicon nitride (SiN) nanomembrane technology to isolate debris sized between 8 and 20 μm from lake water samples collected at various times and locations. MPs were identified with Nile red staining. Cell-based assays were conducted directly on the filtered debris to test for cell viability, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels as a measure of proinflammatory response. All samples contained MPs. None of the isolated debris impacted cell viability. However, AhR activity and IL-6 levels varied over time. Additionally, no associations were observed between the amount of plastic and bioactivity. Observed differences in activity are likely due to variations in the physiochemical properties of debris between samples. Our results highlight the need for increased sampling to fully characterize the bioactivity of MPs in human cells and to elucidate the role that sample physiochemical and spatiotemporal properties play in this activity.

该项目报告了使用新型纳米膜过滤技术从安大略湖水样中分离和分析含微塑料 (MP) 碎片的生物活性的情况。环境中的 MPs 是聚合物和吸附化学品的复杂混合物，具有持久性，可产生广泛的毒性影响。由于人类与 MPs 的接触不可避免，因此有必要确定其生物活性的特征，以评估潜在的健康风险。这项工作旨在量化安大略湖近岸水域中 MP 的存在，并开始确定含有 MP 的滤液的生物活性特征。我们利用氮化硅（SiN）纳米膜技术，从不同时间和地点采集的湖水样本中分离出 8 到 20 μm 大小的碎屑。用尼罗河红染色法鉴定 MPs。直接在过滤后的碎片上进行基于细胞的检测，以测试细胞活力、芳基烃受体（AhR）活性和白细胞介素 6（IL-6）水平（作为促炎反应的测量指标）。所有样本都含有 MPs。分离出的碎片都不会影响细胞的活力。不过，AhR 活性和 IL-6 水平随时间而变化。此外，没有观察到塑料量与生物活性之间存在关联。所观察到的活性差异很可能是由于不同样本中碎片的理化性质不同造成的。我们的研究结果突出表明，有必要增加取样次数，以全面鉴定 MPs 在人体细胞中的生物活性，并阐明样品的理化和时空特性在这种活性中所起的作用。

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