Eco-Environment & Health最新文献_第8页

Thiamethoxam at environmentally relevant concentrations induces neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae through binding with multiple receptors 环境相关浓度的噻虫嗪通过与多种受体结合诱导斑马鱼幼虫神经毒性

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.12.002

Xiuwen Li , Hanbing Zhao , Minjuan Gong , Feng Zhang , Shengnan Liu , Zepeng Zhang , Yide He , Henner Hollert , Xiaowei Zhang , Wei Shi , Qing Zhou , Aimin Li , Peng Shi

Thiamethoxam (THM) is one of the most widely used insecticides globally, which was designed to selectively target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the insect nervous system and is generally considered safe for non-targeted organisms. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated its neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms, though the underlying mechanisms, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations, remain largely unclear. In this study, the swimming distance of zebrafish was significantly shortened by 14.06%–21.64% after exposure to THM at 10–1000 ng/L. This behavioral impairment may result from the damage to nervous and visual systems, as confirmed by notable apoptosis, histological analysis of the eyes, and differential expression of numerous genes. Molecular docking and biomarkers assays found that THM can bind with nAChR and multiple hormone receptors, with binding energies varying from −3.75 to −6.74 kcal/mol. Consequently, the concentrations of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) and related hormones (cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone) were significantly affected. Further investigations using a weighted gene correlation network and metabolomics suggest that THM may enter the cell via endocytosis and bind with multiple hormone receptors, potentially activating the MAPK signaling pathway. This activation may disrupt purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the cell nucleus, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity. This study reveals that THM, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, poses neurological risks to zebrafish and underscore the need for urgent attention to the ecological impacts of THM in aquatic environments.

噻虫嗪（Thiamethoxam， THM）是全球使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一，它被设计用于选择性靶向昆虫神经系统中的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs），通常被认为对非靶向生物是安全的。然而，越来越多的证据表明其对水生生物具有神经毒性，尽管其潜在机制，特别是在与环境有关的浓度下，仍不清楚。在本研究中，暴露于10-1000 ng/L的THM后，斑马鱼的游泳距离显著缩短14.06%-21.64%。这种行为障碍可能是由神经和视觉系统的损伤引起的，正如显著的细胞凋亡、眼睛的组织学分析和许多基因的差异表达所证实的那样。分子对接和生物标志物分析发现，THM可以与nAChR和多种激素受体结合，结合能在−3.75 ~−6.74 kcal/mol之间变化。因此，神经递质（乙酰胆碱）和相关激素（皮质醇、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素和促甲状腺激素）的浓度受到显著影响。利用加权基因相关网络和代谢组学的进一步研究表明，THM可能通过内吞作用进入细胞，并与多种激素受体结合，潜在地激活MAPK信号通路。这种激活可能会破坏细胞核中的嘌呤和嘧啶代谢，最终导致细胞凋亡和神经毒性。本研究表明，即使在与环境相关的浓度下，THM也会对斑马鱼造成神经系统风险，并强调迫切需要关注THM在水生环境中的生态影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effortless alkalinity analysis using AI and smartphone technology, no equipment needed, from freshwater to saltwater 使用人工智能和智能手机技术轻松进行碱度分析，不需要设备，从淡水到盐水

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.10.002

Zachary Y. Han , Zihan Zheng , Alan Y. Han , Huichun Zhang

Alkalinity is a crucial water quality parameter with significant environmental and engineered system applications. Various analysis methods exist, from traditional titrations to advanced spectrophotometric and electrochemical techniques, each with specific benefits and limitations. Developing simple, affordable techniques for alkalinity analysis is essential to facilitate extensive and reliable water quality monitoring, empowering citizen scientists, and overcoming financial barriers in traditional monitoring programs. In this work, we developed an equipment-free, user-friendly alkalinity analysis approach accessible to a broad demographic. Specifically, we employed low-cost commercial reagents to generate color changes in response to alkalinity levels in various freshwater and saltwater samples. These images were captured with a smartphone and processed using machine learning models to correlate color intensity with alkalinity levels. After examining the effects of container type, lighting condition, ML algorithms, and sample size, we obtained the best models with R² values of 0.868 ± 0.024 and 0.978 ± 0.008, and root-mean-square-error values of 29.5 ± 2.6 and 14.1 ± 2.0 for freshwater and saltwater, respectively. Five inexperienced users utilized this method for alkalinity analysis and achieved comparable results in performance. Additionally, we developed a user-friendly website where users, without prior experience, can upload images to obtain alkalinity readings for their water samples. This AI-powered, equipment-free technology represents a significant milestone in water quality monitoring, deviating from the trend of developing increasingly advanced analytical techniques and serving as a foundation for developing similar methods across various water quality parameters and broader analytical applications.

碱度是一个重要的水质参数，具有重要的环境和工程应用。存在各种分析方法，从传统的滴定法到先进的分光光度法和电化学技术，每种方法都有特定的优点和局限性。开发简单、负担得起的碱度分析技术对于促进广泛和可靠的水质监测、赋予公民科学家权力以及克服传统监测项目的资金障碍至关重要。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种无设备、用户友好的碱度分析方法，适用于广泛的人口统计。具体来说，我们使用低成本的商业试剂来产生颜色变化，以响应各种淡水和盐水样品的碱度水平。这些图像是用智能手机拍摄的，并使用机器学习模型进行处理，以将色彩强度与碱度水平相关联。在考察了容器类型、光照条件、ML算法和样本量等因素的影响后，得出淡水和咸水的最佳模型，R2值分别为0.868±0.024和0.978±0.008，均方根误差分别为29.5±2.6和14.1±2.0。5名经验不足的用户使用该方法进行碱度分析，在性能上取得了相当的结果。此外，我们还开发了一个用户友好的网站，用户可以在没有经验的情况下上传图像以获取水样的碱度读数。这种人工智能驱动的无设备技术代表了水质监测的一个重要里程碑，偏离了发展日益先进的分析技术的趋势，并为开发跨各种水质参数和更广泛的分析应用的类似方法奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “A systematic review of the impacts of exposure to micro- and nano-plastics on human tissue accumulation and health” [Eco-Environ. Health (2023)195–207] “接触微和纳米塑料对人体组织积累和健康影响的系统审查”[生态环境]的勘误表。卫生(2023)195 - 207年)

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2025.100137

Yudong Feng , Chen Tu , Ruijie Li , Di Wu , Jie Yang , Yankai Xia , Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg , Yongming Luo

引用次数: 0

Microplastics enhance the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in mariculture sediments by enriching host bacteria and promoting horizontal gene transfer 微塑料通过丰富宿主细菌和促进基因水平转移，增强了海水养殖沉积物中抗生素抗性基因的流行

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2025.100136

Yifan Liu , Liuqingqing Liu , Xiao Wang , Mengying Shao , Zihan Wei , Lina Wang , Bing Li , Chenguang Li , Xianxiang Luo , Fengmin Li , Hao Zheng

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose significant challenges to the One Health framework due to their intricate and multifaceted ecological and environmental impacts. However, the understanding of how MP properties influence ARG prevalence in mariculture sediments remains limited. Herein, the polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs with different sizes (20–120 μm and 0.5–2.0 mm) were selected to evaluate their impacts and underlying mechanisms driving ARGs dissemination. The results showed that PS and PVC MPs increased the relative abundance of ARGs by 1.41–2.50-fold and 2.01–2.84-fold, respectively, compared with control, particularly high-risk genes. The polymer type effect was identified as more influential than the size effect in driving the sediment resistome evolution. PVC shifted the microbial community assembly from stochastic to deterministic processes, thus enriching ARG host pathogens. Furthermore, the highly hydrophobic PS not only recruited the host bacteria colonization but also facilitated ARG exchange within the plastisphere. The exogenous additives released by PVC (e.g., heavy metals, bisphenol A, and tridecyl ester) and the particles synergistically promoted ARG conjugative transfer by inducing oxidative stress and enhancing cell membrane permeability. These findings revealed how MPs characteristics facilitated the spread of ARGs in marine benthic ecosystems, underscoring the importance of mitigating MPs pollution to maintain mariculture ecosystem health, prevent zoonotic diseases, and balance global mariculture with ecological health.

微塑料（MPs）和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）由于其复杂和多方面的生态和环境影响，对“同一个健康”框架构成了重大挑战。然而，MP特性如何影响海水养殖沉积物中ARG流行的理解仍然有限。本文选择不同尺寸（20 ~ 120 μm和0.5 ~ 2.0 mm）的聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚氯乙烯（PVC） MPs，研究了它们对ARGs扩散的影响和潜在机制。结果表明，PS和PVC MPs与对照相比，ARGs的相对丰度分别提高了1.41 ~ 2.50倍和2.01 ~ 2.84倍，特别是与高危基因相比。聚合物类型效应比粒径效应对沉积物抵抗体演化的影响更大。PVC将微生物群落组装从随机过程转变为确定性过程，从而丰富了ARG宿主病原体。此外，高疏水性PS不仅招募了宿主细菌的定植，而且促进了塑料圈内ARG的交换。PVC释放的外源添加剂（重金属、双酚A、三烷基酯等）和颗粒通过诱导氧化应激、增强细胞膜通透性等方式协同促进ARG共轭转移。这些发现揭示了MPs的特征如何促进ARGs在海洋底栖生态系统中的传播，强调了减轻MPs污染对维持海水养殖生态系统健康、预防人畜共患疾病以及平衡全球海水养殖与生态健康的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced As(III) adsorption-oxidation via synergistic interactions between bacteria and goethite 通过细菌和针铁矿之间的协同作用增强As（III）的吸附氧化

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.12.001

Jie Deng , Shaowei Mi , Chenchen Qu, Qiaoyun Huang, Xionghan Feng, Xiaoming Wang

The adsorption and oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] by soil components are critical processes that influence its toxicity and mobility. However, the specific mechanisms driving the synergistic interactions among bacteria, soil minerals, and humic acid (HA) in these processes remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the effects of goethite and HA association on As(III) adsorption-oxidation by the As(III)-oxidizing bacterium SY8 using batch incubation experiments and spectroscopic analyses. The results indicated that goethite inhibited the growth of SY8, but its binary and ternary composites with HA and SY8 substantially enhanced the adsorption and oxidation of As(III) compared to SY8 alone. This enhancement could be attributed to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through Fenton-like reactions that contribute to the enhanced oxidation of As(III). The Fenton-like reactions involved interactions between H₂O₂ and goethite, as well as the activation of molecular O₂ by structural Fe(II). Furthermore, the proportion of As(V) associated with the solids was lower than that in the solution, suggesting that As(III) oxidation by SY8 was potentially inhibited by As(III) adsorption on goethite. Additionally, HA did not affect SY8 growth or its As(III) oxidation capability, but slightly enhanced As adsorption on the composites. These findings reveal a complex interplay among microbial, mineral, and organic matter interactions. Understanding these interactions is essential for elucidating soil As biogeochemical processes and developing effective remediation strategies for As-contaminated environments.

土壤组分对亚砷酸盐[As(III)]的吸附和氧化是影响其毒性和流动性的关键过程。然而，在这些过程中驱动细菌、土壤矿物质和腐植酸（HA）之间协同作用的具体机制仍未得到充分的了解。采用间歇培养实验和光谱分析方法，研究了针铁矿和透明质酸结合对As（III）氧化菌SY8吸附氧化As（III）的影响。结果表明，针铁矿抑制了SY8的生长，但与单独的SY8相比，其与HA和SY8的二元和三元复合材料显著增强了对As（III）的吸附和氧化。这种增强可能归因于通过芬顿样反应产生羟基自由基（·OH），从而促进As（III）的氧化。类芬顿反应涉及H2O2与针铁矿之间的相互作用，以及结构Fe（II）对O2分子的活化。此外，固体中As(V)的伴生比例低于溶液中As(V)的伴生比例，表明As（III）在针铁矿上的吸附可能抑制了SY8对As（III）的氧化。此外，HA不影响SY8的生长及其As（III）的氧化能力，但略微增强了复合材料对As的吸附。这些发现揭示了微生物、矿物质和有机物之间复杂的相互作用。了解这些相互作用对于阐明土壤砷的生物地球化学过程和制定有效的砷污染环境修复策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded biochar on the fate of phenanthrene in soil-radish (Raphanus sativus L. var.radculus pers) system 纳米级零价铁负载生物炭对土壤-萝卜系统中菲命运的影响

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2025.100134

Lianzhou Shen , Yue Cai , Juan Gao

Nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (nZVI@BC) has been proven to be effective in activating persulfate to remediate soil organic pollutants. However, studies on subsequent plant growth and microbial community changes in remediated soil remain limited. In this study, nZVI@BC, nZVI, and nanoscale biochar (nBC) were ball-mill produced and applied as amendments in pot experiments with PAH-contaminated soil to investigate their impacts on soil-crop (radish, Raphanus sativus L.) systems, and the widely distributed phenanthrene (Phe) was selected as model pollutant. The results indicate that nZVI@BC could induce more (75%) Phe accumulation in radish compared to the control treatment, but did not result in significant differences in plant biomass or enzyme activity. In Phe non-contaminated treatments, the Fe content of radish shoots increased from 86.87 ± 5.61 mg/kg DW without material application to 125.20 ± 11.93 mg/kg DW with nZVI@BC, while no significant differences were observed in roots. nZVI@BC and nBC increased the non-desorbed fraction of PAHs with low bio-availability by 13.6% and 10.2%, respectively, after 45 days compared to the control treatment. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that nZVI@BC did not adversely affect the richness and diversity of soil microbial communities. Instead, it promoted the enrichment of bacteria related to the degradation of organic pollutants, such as Lysobacter and Spingomonas. The findings suggest that nZVI@BC after chemical oxidation remediation might be harmful to subsequent plants and ecosystems but much better than nZVI alone. The amount of nZVI@BC should be accurately calculated before chemical oxidation remediation.

纳米级零价铁负载在生物炭（nZVI@BC）已被证明是有效的激活过硫酸盐修复土壤有机污染物。然而，对修复后土壤中植物生长和微生物群落变化的研究仍然有限。本研究以球磨法制备nZVI@BC、nZVI和纳米尺度生物炭（nBC）作为改进剂，在多环芳烃污染的土壤中进行盆栽试验，研究其对土壤-作物（萝卜、萝卜）系统的影响，并选择广泛分布的菲（Phe）作为模型污染物。结果表明，与对照处理相比，nZVI@BC处理可诱导萝卜体内更多（75%）的Phe积累，但对植株生物量和酶活性没有显著影响。在苯丙酸未污染处理下，萝卜茎部铁含量由未施料的86.87±5.61 mg/kg DW增加至nZVI@BC处理下的125.20±11.93 mg/kg DW，根系铁含量差异不显著。与对照处理相比，nZVI@BC和nBC处理45天后，低生物利用度PAHs的未解吸部分分别增加了13.6%和10.2%。Illumina MiSeq测序结果显示nZVI@BC对土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性没有不利影响。相反，它促进了与有机污染物降解有关的细菌的富集，如溶杆菌和自旋单胞菌。研究结果表明，nZVI@BC经过化学氧化修复后可能对后续植物和生态系统有害，但比单独使用nZVI要好得多。化学氧化修复前应准确计算nZVI@BC的用量。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the tailpipe: Review of non-exhaust airborne nanoparticles from road vehicles 超越排气管：道路车辆非排气空气中的纳米颗粒综述

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.11.003

Yingyue Wei , Prashant Kumar

With the electrification of road vehicles leading to a reduction in tailpipe emissions, the relative contribution of non-exhaust emissions (NEEs) has become increasingly prominent. NEEs, particularly nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_0.1), present significant health and environmental risks. A comprehensive understanding and strategic management of these emissions are urgently required to mitigate their impact. This article reviews existing studies and reveals that nanoparticles in NEEs are generated from brake and tyre wear under critical temperature conditions, while road wear and resuspension do not directly produce nanoparticles but contribute to larger particles. Common methodologies in studying these emissions include laboratory experiments (with brake dynamometers, tyre dynamometers, chassis dynamometers, and simulators), field tests (tunnel and real road emission tests), and source apportionments. The emission rate of PM_0.1, calculated based on particle number concentration, ranges from 1.2% to 98.9%, depending on driving conditions. Extreme driving conditions result in high nanoparticle generation. Emission inventories reveal that PM_0.1 emission levels have remained stable since 2020, without an observable reduction. Moreover, emissions attributable to brake wear are found to surpass those from tyre wear. Current mitigation strategies focus on material improvements for brake pads and tyres, better road maintenance, and regulatory measures. Mitigating the environmental and health impacts of nanoscale particulate matter requires additional research and regulations to control it at the source.

随着道路车辆的电气化导致尾气排放的减少，非废气排放（NEEs）的相对贡献日益突出。新能源电子产品，特别是空气动力学直径小于100纳米的纳米颗粒（PM0.1），具有重大的健康和环境风险。迫切需要对这些排放进行全面的了解和战略管理，以减轻其影响。本文回顾了现有的研究，揭示了NEEs中的纳米颗粒是在临界温度条件下由刹车和轮胎磨损产生的，而道路磨损和再悬浮并不直接产生纳米颗粒，而是促成了更大的颗粒。研究这些排放的常用方法包括实验室实验（使用制动测功机、轮胎测功机、底盘测功机和模拟器）、现场测试（隧道和实际道路排放测试）和源分摊。根据不同的驾驶条件，基于颗粒物数浓度计算的PM0.1的排放率在1.2%到98.9%之间。极端的驾驶条件导致高纳米颗粒的产生。排放清单显示，自2020年以来，PM0.1的排放水平保持稳定，没有明显的减少。此外，由于刹车磨损造成的排放超过了轮胎磨损造成的排放。目前的缓解战略侧重于改进刹车片和轮胎的材料、改善道路维护和监管措施。减轻纳米级颗粒物质对环境和健康的影响需要更多的研究和法规，以便从源头上控制它。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnostic performance of allele-specific RT-qPCR and genomic sequencing in wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 等位基因特异性RT-qPCR和基因组测序在基于废水的SARS-CoV-2监测中的诊断价值

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2025.100135

Md Pervez Kabir , Élisabeth Mercier , Walaa Eid , Julio Plaza-Diaz , Patrick M. D'Aoust , Chrystal Landgraff , Lawrence Goodridge , Opeyemi U. Lawal , Shen Wan , Nada Hegazy , Tram Nguyen , Chandler Wong , Ocean Thakali , Lakshmi Pisharody , Sean Stephenson , Tyson E. Graber , Robert Delatolla

Clinical genomic surveillance is regarded as the gold standard for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants globally. However, as the pandemic wanes, reduced testing poses a risk to effectively tracking the trajectory of these variants within populations. Wastewater-based genomic surveillance that estimates variant frequency based on its defining set of alleles derived from clinical genomic surveillance has been successfully implemented. This method has its challenges, and allele-specific (AS) RT-qPCR or RT-dPCR may instead be used as a complementary method for estimating variant prevalence. Demonstrating equivalent performance of these methods is a prerequisite for their continued application in current and future pandemics. Here, we compared single-allele frequency using AS-RT-qPCR, to single-allele or haplotype frequency estimations derived from amplicon-based sequencing to estimate variant prevalence in wastewater during emergent and prevalent periods of Delta, Omicron, and two sub-lineages of Omicron. We found that all three methods of frequency estimation were concordant and contained sufficient information to describe the trajectory of variant prevalence. We further confirmed the accuracy of these methods by quantifying the diagnostic performance through Youden's index. The Youden's index of AS-RT-qPCR was reduced during the low prevalence period of a particular variant while the same allele in sequencing was negatively influenced due to insufficient read depth. Youden's index of haplotype-based calls was negatively influenced when alleles were common between variants. Coupling AS-RT-qPCR with sequencing can overcome the shortcomings of either platform and provide a comprehensive picture to the stakeholders for public health responses.

临床基因组监测被认为是全球监测SARS-CoV-2变异的金标准。然而，随着大流行的减弱，检测的减少对有效追踪人群中这些变异的轨迹构成了风险。基于废水的基因组监测已经成功实施，该监测基于临床基因组监测得出的等位基因的定义集来估计变异频率。这种方法有其挑战，等位基因特异性（AS） RT-qPCR或RT-dPCR可以作为估计变异流行率的补充方法。证明这些方法的同等性能是在当前和未来大流行病中继续应用这些方法的先决条件。在这里，我们使用AS-RT-qPCR将单等位基因频率与基于扩增子测序的单等位基因或单倍型频率进行比较，以估计Delta、Omicron和Omicron的两个亚谱系在突发性和流行期废水中的变异发生率。我们发现所有三种频率估计方法是一致的，并且包含足够的信息来描述变异流行的轨迹。我们通过约登指数对诊断性能进行量化，进一步证实了这些方法的准确性。AS-RT-qPCR的约登指数在特定变异的低流行期降低，而同一等位基因在测序中由于读取深度不足而受到负面影响。当等位基因在变体之间相同时，基于单倍型的呼叫的约登指数受到负向影响。将AS-RT-qPCR与测序相结合可以克服任一平台的缺点，并为公共卫生反应的利益攸关方提供全面的情况。

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引用次数: 0

The wheel of time: The environmental dance of aged micro- and nanoplastics and their biological resonance 时间之轮：老化微纳米塑料的环境之舞及其生物共振

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2025.100138

Hongjian Li , Lihua Bai , Sijia Liang , Xiru Chen , Xinyue Gu , Chao Wang , Cheng Gu

The aging of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) significantly affects their environmental behavior and ecological impacts in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This review explored the known effects of aging on MNPs and identified several key perspectives. Firstly, aging can alter the environmental fate and transport of MNPs due to changes in their surface properties. This alteration accelerates their accumulation in specific habitats like oceans and soils, resulting in increased bioaccumulation by organisms. In addition, aged MNPs interact differently with living organisms than their pristine counterparts by influencing the attachment of biofilms and other microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, the aging processes of MNPs exhibit adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms via increasing the bioavailability and potential toxicity of MNPs as degradation products are released. Last but not least, the biodegradation potential of MNPs can be altered by the aging process, thus affecting their degradation rates and pathways in the environment. However, there are still knowledge gaps regarding the natural aging behaviors of MNPs, such as the aging mechanisms of different types of plastic, the influence of environmental factors, the release of pollutants, and even the effects of aging on their transformation in different ecosystems. Therefore, a great contribution can be made to sustainable plastic use and environmental preservation by studying the natural aging of common MNPs and their subsequent biological effects.

微纳米塑料（MNPs）的老化显著影响其在水生和陆地生态系统中的环境行为和生态影响。本综述探讨了衰老对MNPs的已知影响，并确定了几个关键观点。首先，老化可以改变MNPs的环境命运和运输，这是由于其表面性质的变化。这种变化加速了它们在海洋和土壤等特定栖息地的积累，导致生物体的生物积累增加。此外，衰老的MNPs通过影响水生生态系统中生物膜和其他微生物的附着，与原始的MNPs不同地与生物体相互作用。此外，MNPs的老化过程通过增加MNPs降解产物的生物利用度和潜在毒性，对水生和陆生生物产生不利影响。最后但并非最不重要的是，MNPs的生物降解潜力会随着老化过程而改变，从而影响其在环境中的降解速率和途径。然而，对于MNPs的自然老化行为，如不同类型塑料的老化机制，环境因素的影响，污染物的释放，甚至老化对其在不同生态系统中的转化的影响，仍然存在知识空白。因此，研究常见MNPs的自然老化及其后续的生物效应，可以为塑料的可持续利用和环境保护做出很大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Global modeling of photochemical reactions in lake water: A comparison between triplet sensitization and direct photolysis 湖水中光化学反应的全球模拟：三重态敏化与直接光解的比较。

Eco-Environment & Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.09.001

Luca Carena , Ángela García-Gil , Javier Marugán , Davide Vione

The equivalent monochromatic wavelength (EMW) approximation allowed us to predict the photochemical lifetimes of the lipid regulator metabolite clofibric acid (CLO, triplet sensitization) and of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DIC, direct photolysis + triplet sensitization) in lakes worldwide. To do so, we used large lake databases that collect photochemically significant parameters such as water depth and dissolved organic carbon, which allow for a preliminary assessment of some photoreactions. Extension to other photoreactions is currently prevented by the lack of important parameters such as water absorption spectrum, suspended solids, nitrate, nitrite, pH, and inorganic carbon on a global scale. It appears that triplet-sensitized CLO photodegradation would be strongly affected by the dissolved organic carbon values of the lake water and, for this reason, it would be fastest in Nordic environments. By contrast, direct photolysis (DIC) would be highly affected by sunlight irradiance and would proceed at the highest rates in the tropical belt. Interestingly, the predicted lifetimes of CLO and DIC are shorter than the residence time of water in the majority of global lake basins, which suggests a high potential for photoreactions to attenuate the two contaminants on a global scale. Photodegradation of DIC and CLO would also be important in waste stabilization ponds, except for elevated latitudes during winter, which makes these basins potentially cost-effective systems for the partial removal of these emerging contaminants from wastewater.

等效单色波长（EMW）近似使我们能够预测全球湖泊中脂质调节剂代谢物纤维酸（CLO，三重致敏）和非甾体抗炎药双氯芬酸（DIC，直接光解+三重致敏）的光化学寿命。为此，我们使用了大型湖泊数据库，这些数据库收集了光化学方面的重要参数，如水深和溶解的有机碳，从而可以对一些光反应进行初步评估。目前，由于缺乏重要的参数，如全球范围内的吸水光谱、悬浮固体、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、pH值和无机碳，因此无法扩展到其他光化学反应。三重敏化的CLO光降解似乎会受到湖水溶解有机碳值的强烈影响，因此，在北欧环境中它将是最快的。相比之下，直接光解（DIC）受阳光辐照度的影响很大，在热带地区进行的速率最高。有趣的是，在全球大多数湖盆中，CLO和DIC的预测寿命比水的停留时间短，这表明光反应在全球范围内减弱这两种污染物的潜力很大。除了冬季高纬度地区外，DIC和CLO的光降解在废物稳定池中也很重要，这使得这些盆地具有潜在的成本效益，可以从废水中部分去除这些新出现的污染物。

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