Advanced Nanobiomed Research最新文献

Craniofacial Tissue Engineering

This research illustrates an innovative strategy for immediate tissue repair using a 3D-printed scaffold infused with primary stem cells-laden hydrogels. Without prior culture, the construct promotes rapid tissue integration and vascularization upon implantation in vivo. This approach represents a promising advancement for emergency craniofacial tissue regeneration, enabling volumetric tissue healing through direct and effective stem cell transplantation. More details can be found in the Research Article by Sangjin Lee and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202500006).

Wearable sensors that combine high precision with conformability and skin adhesion are crucial for reliable and highly unobtrusive physiological monitoring. In this context, increasing efforts are directed toward next-generation miniaturized self-adhesive sensors employing different sensing technologies. Herein, for the first time a self-adhesive sensor is developed for real-time detection of physiological and biomechanical strain signals, by embedding a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor into a soft, biomimetic, flexible matrix. This hydrogel-based matrix, composed of gelatin methacrylate, xanthan gum, and glycerol, is engineered to balance fiber–matrix mechanical coupling and skin adhesion. The encapsulated FBG sensor exhibits stable optical response, reduced signal attenuation, and retains good sensitivity to both strain (0.07 nm mε⁻¹) and temperature (0.01 nm °C⁻¹). Preliminary on-skin tests on a healthy volunteer demonstrate the ability to capture subtle physiological signals such as breathing and heartbeats, as well as limb motion. Notably, the self-adhesive properties of the matrix enable firm skin contact without additional tapes, enhancing signal reliability, and reducing motion artifacts. This approach offers a robust, biocompatible, and scalable solution for wearable sensing, opening new opportunities in health monitoring, rehabilitation, and human–machine interfaces.

The clinical success of organoid-based therapies depends critically on understanding and controlling how biomaterial surfaces influence organoid behavior and integration. Retinal organoids (ROs) are emerging as advanced in vitro models with potential for transplantation, yet the molecular underpinnings of their interactions with engineered biomaterials remain largely unexplored. Here, this study systematically examines the effects of surface chemical modifications: amine (NH₂), hydroxyl (OH), phenyl (Ph), and methyl (CH₃) groups presented via alkyl-based self-assembled monolayers, on RO attachment, migration, and differentiation at key developmental stages. This study's' findings reveal that surface chemistry is a major determinant of organoid response: Hydrophilic surfaces (OH and NH₂) markedly enhance RO migration and retinal ganglion cell differentiation, while less wettable surfaces (Ph and CH₃) restrict initial attachment. These results shed new light on the pivotal role of the biomaterial interface in directing 3D organoid development, offering actionable insights for the optimization of organoid delivery, integration, and function in regenerative medicine. A deeper understanding of these interactions will enable the rational design of biomaterial platforms and accelerate the translation of organoid models to clinical therapies.

Neutrophils navigating the vasculature encounter regions of abrupt flow acceleration that challenge their adhesive capacity. Here, a previously uncharacterized mechanoadaptive response that enables neutrophils to maintain adhesion under these challenging conditions is revealed. Using microfluidic systems to precisely control flow dynamics, it is demonstrated that neutrophils respond differently to steady versus accelerating flow (delta shear) conditions. While steady-increasing flow induces formation of multiple discrete tethers, abrupt acceleration triggers their coalescence into thicker, mechanically robust structures that significantly enhance adhesion stability. Through Machine Intelligent Structured Illumination Microscopy with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution, the nanoscale dynamics of this coalescence process is characterized, revealing that despite extensive membrane remodeling, the original anchor points of adhesion molecules remain spatially fixed. Dual-color spinning total internal reflection fluorescence imaging shows targeted accumulation of F-actin at the cell tongue, providing critical mechanical support. Differential effects of actin-disrupting agents confirm that tether coalescence depends on intact cytoskeletal structures rather than active polymerization. This membrane adaptation represents a sophisticated strategy enabling neutrophils to withstand high detachment forces in disturbed flow environments characteristic of vascular bifurcations, stenoses, and device-associated thromboinflammation. These findings advance understanding of neutrophil mechanobiology and may inform therapeutic strategies targeting pathological neutrophil adhesion without compromising essential immune functions.

The rapid advancement in nanotechnology over the past three decades has accelerated the development of novel and more potent cancer treatments. In particular, this has led to the development of an increasing number of novel carrier systems for drug delivery, among which Pickering emulsions are a strong contender. This article reviews the development, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy of Pickering emulsion nanocarriers designed specifically for cancer treatment. This approach offers significant benefits for overcoming many of the challenges experienced in conventional drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. The mechanisms of drug release, targeting strategies, and the stability of Pickering emulsions under physiological conditions are examined, along with an evaluation of their therapeutic potential and biocompatibility of these nanocarriers in various cancer models with in vitro and in vivo studies. The ability of Pickering emulsions to improve therapeutic efficacy through encapsulation and protection of hydrophobic drugs is also highlighted, resulting in targeted drug release at the tumor site and minimal side effects. Future development of the nanocarrier systems must address the challenges of achieving large-scale production, regulatory approval, and translational application. If successfully addressed, it will pave the way for making personalized delivery of therapeutics for cancer treatment a reality.

Pathological scarring imposes a substantial global healthcare burden, affecting over 100 million individuals annually with costs exceeding $20 billion. Current therapies yield suboptimal outcomes due to limited efficacy and recurrence. Hydrogel-based wound dressings have emerged as transformative platforms due to their tunable physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and ability to modulate the wound microenvironment. This review uniquely integrates scar biology with hydrogel-based therapeutic strategies. A phase-specific framework that correlates hydrogel functions is provided with key scar-influencing events, including inflammation regulation, fibroblast reprograming, extracellular matrix remodeling, and skin appendage regeneration. Moreover, cutting-edge innovations are highlighted such as stimuli-responsive hydrogels (pH/temperature/light), nanocomposite systems, and 3D-printed scaffolds that enable spatiotemporal control of drug release and dynamic microenvironment modulation. Furthermore, unresolved clinical translation barriers are critically addressed, including scalability, standardization, biocompatibility, and immune response variability, proposing interdisciplinary solutions. By synthesizing recent advances and persistent limitations, this work provides a translational roadmap for developing next-generation hydrogels to bridge the gap between benchtop innovation and clinical scar-free tissue regeneration.

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) hold great promise as fluorescent nanoparticles with many advantageous optical and biological properties. However, their potential for optical imaging in clinical applications is currently restricted by limited tissue penetration, compared to the depth offered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multimodal SPN-based contrast agents that integrate different, complementary imaging modalities into one platform allow the strengths to be combined and the weaknesses mitigated. This study presents an accessible route to modular, well-defined, and versatile dual modality SPNs composed of red-emitting SPNs functionalized with novel gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). The Gd unit is attached to the surface of the SPN using a rigid linker, providing a robust attachment point as well as enhancing the MRI performance. Preliminary in vitro studies show that the SPNs are nontoxic across all concentrations tested and are readily taken up by cells, illustrating their potential as imaging probes. Anchoring the GBCA unit to the surface of the SPN yields a dramatic increase in the relaxivity compared to the unattached contrast agent unit. The dual modality probe shows a fourfold relaxivity enhancement over the clinical standard, Dotarem, at clinical field strengths, making this dual modality platform a promising design for combined optical and MR imaging.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and highly aggressive primary malignant central nervous system tumor, has seen minimal improvement in its median survival of <24 months. This study investigates the codelivery of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and acriflavine (ACF), a hypoxia-inducible factor-inhibiting drug, to provide synergistic dual reactions in order to effectively kill tumor-initiating cells and to target multiple processes implicated in GBM progression. The two anticancer agents are embedded in polymeric core-sheath nanofibers formed by coaxial electrospinning. Transmission electron microscopy and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping are used to confirm the uniform distribution of CuO NPs in the fiber core. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis results suggest that drug-core polymer interactions mainly occur through weak bonding with the solvent surrounding the core-polymer chains, leading to a relatively faster drug release. Cytotoxicity of combinations of drugs is evaluated in vitro against the GL261-LUC cell line, showing a very strong synergistic effect. Dose-effect-based model presents the average combination index of ≈0.48 and dose reduction index of 19.6 for ACF and 2.6 for CuO NPs. A 3D GBM spheroid model is utilized to better mimic the tumor microenvironment, including cell heterogeneity and hypoxic conditions.

A magnetically actuated DNA release platform employing sustainable walnut shell–derived electrodes enables precise ON/OFF switching of DNA release through magnetic–enzymatic filter beads, offering a controllable and reusable system for bioelectronic and sensing applications. More details can be found in the Research Article by Paolo Bollella, Luisa Torsi, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202500131).

The prompt identification of pancreatic cancer symptoms is an ongoing clinical challenge, often leading to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Tumor “hijacking” of the pancreatic stromal structure limits the uptake of systemic chemotherapeutics. Localized drug delivery systems (DDS) using endoluminal techniques are widely utilized, with positive early results for improved control over tumor growth. There is a need for technologies that integrate endoluminal resources and intelligent material systems to better control the spatiotemporal delivery of chemotherapeutics. The ultrasound (US)-triggered localized release of therapeutics through the design of solvent traceless drug-loaded vinylbenzyl-functionalized gelatin (gel4vbc) nanoparticles (NPs) integrated with an electrospun fabric is demonstrated. Albumin-loaded NPs encapsulated into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) coating of a poly(ε-caprolactone) fabric evidence tunable triggered NP delivery controlled by regulating PVA concentration (0–1 wt%) and US intensity (0–3 W cm⁻²). The fixation of the NP-coated fabric to a magnetic tentacle robot (MTR) enables the automated manipulation into a phantom pancreatic duct before the US-triggered release of NP-loaded albumin and MTR retraction. Albumin release is controlled by varying the surface area of the NP-loaded MTR-coating fabric. Herein a novel DDS capable of facile integration into soft robotics and US-triggered delivery of therapeutic-loaded NPs is designed.