Advanced Nanobiomed Research最新文献

Protein-based therapeutics and vaccines play a pivotal role in the realm of biomedical science. Pulmonary administration offers several advantages including rapid adsorption, non-invasive, increased local drug concentration, and bypassed first-pass metabolism, thus holding great potential to address multiple unmet medical needs in lung-related diseases and vaccination. However, the limited success of inhaled proteins in clinical settings highlights the challenges associated with protein stability and the physiological barriers within the respiratory system. To overcome these hurdles, a variety of delivery systems including polymers, liposomes, cell-derived membranes, and inorganic materials are developed to improve the stability, mucus penetration, retention time, and bioavailability of proteins. With the outbreak of COVID-19, the pulmonary administration of proteins has drawn great attention. In this review, the design principle, preparation, biomedical application, progress in clinical translation, advantages, and disadvantages of each kind of delivery system are summarized, with an emphasis on carrier materials.

Molecular beacons (MBs) have been used on surfaces for detecting oligonucleotides. Attempts to use them intracellularly for monitoring mRNA content have been made, however, without any clear conclusion regarding the reliability of the method, mainly due to false positive signals. To reach an understanding of the intracellular fate of MBs, a critical question remains: how long after MB delivery and where in the cell does a false positive signal appear? To answer that question, the MB delivery method should allow for a time-stamped synchronized delivery of MBs to multiple cells, resulting in MBs being distributed in the cytosol immediately after delivery. Herein, nanostraws are used to inject MBs targeting insulin (Ins1) mRNA directly in the cytosol of clonal beta-cells, and the evolution of the MB fluorescence in time and space is monitored. The results show an MB translocation to the nucleus, where MBs are degraded or where they open nonspecifically, before the fluorophore alone is expelled back from the nucleus to the cytosol. The signal translocation to the nucleus and back to the cytosol is faster when scrambled MBs are used. The results shed light on the intracellular fate of MBs and highlight the short time scales before false positive signals become predominant.

Photothermal Therapy

Mild photothermal therapy (mPTT, <45 °C) has garnered considerable attention in antitumor therapy, despite the thermal resistance induced by heat shock proteins. In article 2300094, Kelong Fan and co-workers discuss the current landscape of photothermal agents, elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mPTT, highlight the benefits of mPTT in combination therapy, and explore the potential of nanomedicines to enhance mPTT efficacy.

Recognized as the primary RNA virus to be categorized and extensively studied, the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is foundational to advancements in virology, molecular biology, and biomaterials. Over the past few decades, the deep comprehension of the TMV coat protein (TMVcp) molecular structure and assembly principles has stimulated a surge in research on TMVcp structural design using genetic engineering and chemical modification techniques. The unique characteristics of TMVcp, including its nanoscale orderly structure, ease of modification, and considerable drug loading capacity, have enabled significant progress in its biomedical applications. This review summarizes the advanced strategies deployed for TMVcp design and multidimensional assembly and underscores the prototypical applications of TMVcp-based biomaterials in bioimaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. Ultimately, the future prospects of TMVcp research in structural design and biomedical applications are explored, which encompass artificial intelligence-guided structural and functional design, the development of stimulus-responsive biomaterials, and potential clinical translation.

The intricate physiological structure of the inner ear presents challenges for traditional medication treatment strategies, including systemic adverse responses, trouble penetrating the blood–labyrinth barrier, and low local cochlear concentration, resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes. An intriguing tactic that is extensively developed over decades is utilizing drug delivery systems to transport medication molecules to the inner ear. Herein, the challenges associated with inner ear delivery are discussed, cutting-edge achievements in inner ear drug delivery systems are emphasized, including nano-, micro-, and macrocarriers, and finally opportunities to leverage advanced technologies to improve existing drug delivery strategies are highlighted.

Skin injuries pose significant health challenges, with conditions like burns and diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers presenting complex wound management scenarios. Effective wound care strategies for these injuries encompass a range of interventions, from simple wound dressings to bioactive materials and surgical procedures involving skin substitutes and skin grafting. This review explores the potential of natural polymers, including silk, collagen, gelatin, elastin, cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid, in wound management. Natural polymers offer several advantages, including abundance, biodegradability, and compatibility with traditional and modern material fabrication techniques, and have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical applications, modulating various facets of the wound healing process. Highlighting preclinical and clinical studies, along with commercial products, this review showcases the versatility and utility of natural polymers in wound management and provides insights into emerging developments, such as 3D bioprinting and stimuli-responsive materials, which hold promise for personalized wound treatments. Additionally, we discuss the importance of the material format and morphology in engineering the next generation of wound dressings and skin substitutes, offering a pathway to optimize natural polymers for enhanced wound healing outcomes.

Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional (3D) aggregates with a more advanced composition, maturation, and architecture. It has emerged as a novel and sophisticated model system for studying neurodevelopment and neurological disorders, in comparison to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. However, due to the extraordinarily complex nature of brain development, current cerebral organoids are not as functional and mature as brains. The development of cerebral organoids requires a culture system with sufficient developmental patterning factors, essential cell components, and vasculature. In this review, the critical factors and events that contribute to the development of cerebral organoids are focused on. The advanced design, fabrication techniques, and technologies are also discussed to enhance the application potential of cerebral organoid technology.

To realize precise tumor treatment, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) that utilizes metal element to trigger Fenton or Fenton-like reaction to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals in tumor region has been widely investigated. Recently, the dendrimers featured with abundant surface functional groups and excellent biocompatibility are regarded as promising carriers of metal elements for tumor delivery. Much effort has been devoted to design dendrimer-based nanodrugs for CDT and CDT-involved synergistic therapy of tumors. Herein, the recent advances in the construction of dendrimer-based nanodrugs (in most cases, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers) for CDT, CDT/chemotherapy, CDT/phototherapy, CDT/gene therapy, or CDT-involved multimodal therapy are reviewed. Furthermore, the future perspectives with regard to the development of dendrimer-based nanodrugs for CDT-involved tumor treatment are also briefly discussed.

Microneedle array systems loaded with responsive nanoparticles have received increasing attention due to the advantages of good drug stability, targeting ability, controlled release of drugs, high bioavailability, painlessness, and good patient compliance. Compared with oral drug delivery, microneedle transdermal drug delivery eliminates the need to pass through the gastrointestinal tract and liver, reducing the metabolic consumption of drugs by first-pass effect. While compared with intravenous drug delivery, microneedle transdermal drug delivery reduces patient discomfort and does not require professional administration. However, there are few review articles on microneedles loaded with responsive nanoparticles. Herein, the current researches on microneedles loaded with specific responsive nanoparticles such as glucose-responsive, pH-responsive, enzyme-responsive, light-responsive, magnetic-responsive, ultrasound-responsive, and multiresponsive, and the biomedical application of these microneedle array systems are summarized. In addition, the challenges and prospects of microneedle strategies loaded with responsive nanoparticles are briefly discussed, which will facilitate the development of such versatile drug-delivery strategy.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials with exceptional properties, constructed through covalently linked organic units. COFs are extensively applied in the field of biomedicine, particularly in the context of anticancer treatments. First, this review summarizes the diverse synthetic methods of COFs, including solvothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, room temperature synthesis, interface synthesis, ionothermal techniques, mechanical grinding, and electrochemical methods, and their impacts on the material's structure and performance. Second, COFs exhibit tremendous potential in the field of cancer therapy because of their orderly lattice structure, tunable pore sizes, high surface area, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Therefore, the article deeply explores the applications of COFs in diverse cancer treatment modalities, encompassing early diagnostic bioimaging, drug delivery, various phototherapies, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, and their combined therapeutic strategies. Finally, the article points out current research challenges and future directions in this field.