Advanced Nanobiomed Research最新文献

Molecular machines, constructed from molecules with specific functions through the molecular engineering, requires the development of a general assembly strategy that is crucial for the design and fabrication molecular machines. The precise and programmable characteristics of Watson–Crick base-pairing allow for the accurate construction of DNA nanostructures with diverse geometries. Furthermore, DNA itself exhibits various functionalities, such as DNAzymes and aptamers for identification, and unique structures like G-quadruplexes and i-motifs for environmental stimulus response. With the significant advancements in DNA nanotechnology, DNA is increasingly being recognized as a versatile building block for molecular machines design. In this review, a comprehensive overview of DNA nanostructures, such as 2D origami, which are subsequently assembled into molecular machines is provided. Their classification of DNA-based molecular machines is discussed and their biological applications, such as biosensing, targeted therapy, and molecular circuits are explored. Additionally, future directions and challenges in this rapidly evolving field are outlined.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a pivotal class of nanomaterials due to their potent medicinal properties, offering promising solutions for combating microbial resistance, which is a growing global health concern. Traditional methods of synthesizing AgNPs often involve toxic chemicals and energy-intensive processes, raising environmental and safety concerns. Green synthesis approaches have gained considerable attention utilizing plant and microbial extracts, natural polymers, and other eco-friendly reducing agents. These methods mitigate the environmental impact and enable the production of AgNPs with enhanced biocompatibility and tailored physicochemical properties. The synergistic effects of combining AgNPs with polymers result in improved stability, biocompatibility, and targeted delivery capabilities, while the incorporation of antimicrobial drugs generates composite materials with multifaceted modes of action against a wide range of microbial pathogens. This review delves into the green synthesis of AgNPs, focusing on the integration of natural and synthetic polymers, as well as antimicrobial drugs, to boost their antimicrobial efficacy. In addition, it is further explored that how these green-synthesized nanocomposites can be applied in areas such as wound healing and drug delivery, highlighting their potential in various biomedical fields. Moreover, the review critically examines the challenges and prospects of green synthesis, including scalability, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and stability hurdles.

Peptide/antibody–drug conjugates (PADCs) are an emerging class of targeted therapeutics that leverage the specificity of peptide or antibody ligands to deliver potent small-molecule payloads selectively to disease sites via cleavable linkers. This design combines high target affinity with controlled local activation and minimal systemic toxicity. To date, 15 antibody–drug conjugates and 3 peptide–drug conjugates have been approved by the FDA; however, all are indicated exclusively for oncology. Consequently, the development of PADCs has primarily focused on cancer, with relatively few comprehensive reviews addressing their potential in non-oncological applications. In this review, the therapeutic potential of PADCs as a targeted strategy for treating inflammatory diseases—such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic kidney inflammation, and arthritis—is explored by detailing how engineered peptide or antibody ligands recognize upregulated pathological markers in inflamed microenvironments and enable site-specific drug release through stimuli-responsive linkers. By consolidating recent advances, this review broadens the therapeutic scope of PADCs and highlights their promise as next-generation immunomodulators for targeted treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a severe complication of gastrointestinal malignancies, often treated with self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs). However, conventional SEMSs are associated with in-stent restenosis due to granulation tissue formation. This work aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus-coated laser-cut SEMS in suppressing stent-induced tissue hyperplasia in a rat gastric outlet model. Everolimus, a next-generation antiproliferative drug, is applied to laser-cut SEMS using ultrasonic spray coating. The mehcanical properties, drug release profiles, and surface morphology of the stents were analyzed. In vivo, 20 rats are divided into control (uncoated laser-cut SEMS) and experimental (everolimus-coated laser-cut SEMS) groups. Endoscopic and histological analyzes reveal significantly reduced granulation tissue area, submucosal fibrosis thickness, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the everolimus group compared to controls (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrates decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in the everolimus group. The drug-coated stents exhibit drug release over 30 days and maintain structural integrity without stent-related adverse events. These findings suggest that everolimus-coated laser-cut SEMS effectively suppress stent-induced tissue hyperplasia while preserving mechanical properties, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for improving stent patency in the early stage after stent placement.

This article elucidates the pivotal role of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in auditory signal transduction and examines the factors contributing to their degeneration. Initially, it highlights the advantages of biological scaffolds as physical substrates for delivering stimulatory cues, providing neural guidance, and optimizing the local microenvironment. Subsequently, recent advancements in physical stimulation modalities, including topographical modulation, electrical stimulation, and photostimulation, are summarized, which demonstrate potential for promoting SGN protection and regeneration. Furthermore, the multifaceted benefits of biomaterial scaffolds as a platform for physical regulation are explored in depth. These scaffolds are capable of providing stimuli, guiding nerve growth, and improving the local microenvironment. These diverse physical interventions modulate SGN biological behavior through distinct underlying mechanisms, thereby offering novel perspectives for therapeutic strategies targeting hearing disorders, such as sensorineural hearing loss. Finally, the current challenges associated with the application of physical stimulation in SGN regeneration research are acknowledged. Future directions for therapeutic development are outlined, with the aim of providing a robust theoretical foundation and practical insights to enhance the efficacy of treatments for auditory pathologies.

Currently, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, making the development of novel antimicrobial agents an urgent scientific challenge. 0D fluorescent nanomaterials (including carbon quantum dots, semiconductor quantum dots, and metal nanoclusters) exhibit outstanding antibacterial performance due to their unique nanoscale size effects, excellent biocompatibility, and remarkable surface-area effects, positioning them as a promising solution against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis strategies and characteristic properties of these materials, with a focus on their antimicrobial applications in medical and health care, the food industry, agriculture, and industry. Furthermore, the advantages and current technical limitations of these emerging antimicrobial agents are critically discussed. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical foundation for the rational design and development of nanoantibacterial materials while facilitating their translational applications in biomedicine.

Radiotherapy (RT) is widely recognized as a standard treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent advancements have focused on the application of nanomaterials to enhance the efficacy of RT, thereby increasing tumor sensitivity to radiation while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, copper-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles is evaluated (Cu-MBGNs) for their potential as radiosensitizers in NSCLC treatment. Cu-MBGNs exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward NSCLC cells, with minimal effects on normal bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, Cu-MBGNs significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of RT, primarily by increasing the generation of radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enhancement is likely driven by the ability of internalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles to generate ROS, in conjunction with the catalytic activity of copper ions. During irradiation, Cu²⁺ is reduced to Cu⁺ or Cu⁰, catalyzing the production of ROS. In vivo experiments further confirmed that the combination of Cu-MBGNs with RT significantly suppressed tumor growth without inducing noticeable systemic toxicity or adverse effects. The biosafety and favorable in vivo compatibility of Cu-MBGNs underscore their potential for clinical translation. Overall, these findings highlight Cu-MBGNs as promising stimuli-responsive nanomaterial-based radiosensitizers, offering a novel strategy to enhance the precision, efficacy, and safety of RT for NSCLC.

At present, lung cancer is still a global problem that warrants urgent attention. The traditional therapeutic modalities for lung cancer often present with invasiveness and lack unavoidable side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potential alternative; it uses photosensitizers (PSs), oxygen, and a specific wavelength of light to destroy cancerous cells in a selective manner. However, its full potential is limited by several drawbacks such as poor penetration depth and low tumor selectivity. Nanoparticle-mediated PDT systems offer important advantages: they can efficiently deliver PS drugs and allow for targeting specific cells through surface functionalization with ligands such as antibodies or peptides, which bind to tumor-specific receptors. This enhances PS delivery to cancer cells while minimizing side effects to healthy tissues. This review highlights the fundamentals of PDT, nanoparticle-mediated PDT and stimuli-responsive nano-PS delivery platforms for lung cancer. Moreover, nanocarrier systems functionalized with molecular inhibitors, such as heat shock protein inhibitors, to improve the efficiency of PDT in the treatment of lung cancer, are also highlighted.

The mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment contribute significantly to cell behavior. Thus, deformable phospholipid-decorated perfluorocarbon interfaces have emerged for further expansion of material mechanics to an ultimate soft range as cell scaffolds. In addition, a highly deformable state requires the material to be robust enough to adapt to dynamic cellular forces. However, the effect of interfacial viscosity on the cell adhesion behavior and material robustness remains unknown on the super-soft substrate. To address these issues, an interfacial phospholipid membrane (IPLM) with tunable viscosity is constructed by varying the mixing ratio of saturated and unsaturated lipid layers. By co-assembling a cell adhesive and fluorescent lipid into the IPLM, it is shown that higher viscosity interfaces with lower unsaturated lipid content are preferred from the viewpoint of cell spreading. However, a viscosity that is too high for 0% unsaturated lipid alters the lipid layer to a brittle solid-like nature, making it less adaptive to cell traction-induced high deformation. Therefore, at least a trace amount of unsaturated lipids is required to maintain the robustness of fluid scaffolds. These findings are useful for the design of biomimetic materials and the long-term investigation of cell-matrix mechanical interactions in highly adaptive environments.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been part of artificial oxygen carrier (AOC) research for decades. PFC-based AOCs stand out because of their characteristic physicochemical properties such as high gas solubility, low viscosity, high vapor pressure, and their chemical and biological inertness. For clinical use as red blood cell substitute for intravenous use or in machine perfusion of donor organs, PFCs require emulsification and stability in environments with high ionic strength, which is realized by the combination of albumin and lecithin as emulsifiers, resulting in ready-to-use lecithin-modified nanoscale oxygen carriers (LENOX). LENOX are the first PFC-based AOC, in which these two emulsifiers have been combined. The novel AOC LENOX result in improved physicochemical properties proven by higher zeta potential, smaller size, narrow particle size distribution, low molecular diffusion during storage as ready-to-use product, and high oxygen capacity. LENOX, in contrast to precursor formulations, are now compatible with a broad variety of clinically relevant solutions such as Steen Solution, Sterofundin ISO, or Custodiol, which allow the use of LENOX in numerous clinical scenarios such as blood replacement, transplantation, or preservation. LENOX show no cytotoxic effects in cell culture models and are therefore suitable for in vitro use.