Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579196
Y. Qu, Jianguo Zhu, Jiefeng Hu, Bill Holliday
Supercapacitors (SCs), also known as electric double-layer capacitors or ultracapacitors, are energy storage devices that store electrical energy without chemical reactions. Supercapacitor energy storage system are affected by many factors, the most important one is the cells unbalancing. Without the balancing system, the individual cell voltages will differ over time, supercapacitor pack capacity will decrease quickly. That will result in the failure of the total energy storage system. Thus cell balancing acts an important role on the battery life preserving. This paper presents an evaluation of relevant existing cell voltage balancing solutions from literature with analytical and simulation analysis, the comparison carried out according to circuit design, balancing simulation, application, balancing speed, complexity...etc.
{"title":"Overview of supercapacitor cell voltage balancing methods for an electric vehicle","authors":"Y. Qu, Jianguo Zhu, Jiefeng Hu, Bill Holliday","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579196","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitors (SCs), also known as electric double-layer capacitors or ultracapacitors, are energy storage devices that store electrical energy without chemical reactions. Supercapacitor energy storage system are affected by many factors, the most important one is the cells unbalancing. Without the balancing system, the individual cell voltages will differ over time, supercapacitor pack capacity will decrease quickly. That will result in the failure of the total energy storage system. Thus cell balancing acts an important role on the battery life preserving. This paper presents an evaluation of relevant existing cell voltage balancing solutions from literature with analytical and simulation analysis, the comparison carried out according to circuit design, balancing simulation, application, balancing speed, complexity...etc.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579086
Y. Kano, Y. Inoue, M. Sanada
Many automotive companies are commercializing Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) in which Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors using rare-earth magnet are employed as main traction motors. Various design efforts are invested to increase the power density of the motor as well as achieving high motor efficiency. In this work, those PM motors are compared in terms of torque density, power density, and cost etc. Moreover, the analysis results of current situation are discussed.
{"title":"Current specifications of vehicle motors","authors":"Y. Kano, Y. Inoue, M. Sanada","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579086","url":null,"abstract":"Many automotive companies are commercializing Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) in which Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors using rare-earth magnet are employed as main traction motors. Various design efforts are invested to increase the power density of the motor as well as achieving high motor efficiency. In this work, those PM motors are compared in terms of torque density, power density, and cost etc. Moreover, the analysis results of current situation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121285234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579088
Takashi Kato, Ryoji Mizutani, H. Matsumoto, Keiichi Yamamoto
This paper summarizes the trend of novel technologies used for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on the published papers and reports in order to predict the needs technologies for expanding EV and HEV market. At first, the relationship between energy demand situation and expanding trends of electric propulsion vehicles will be mentioned. Regarding traction motors, required performances and miniaturizing technologies by novel coil winding structures and increasing rotational speed, iron loss reduction technologies by the contrived core shapes, have been extracted and classified into the trends for each EV and HEV. In conclusion, miniaturizing technology was found to be one of the key issue of traction motor for electric propulsion vehicles.
{"title":"Advanced technologies of traction motor for automobile","authors":"Takashi Kato, Ryoji Mizutani, H. Matsumoto, Keiichi Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the trend of novel technologies used for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on the published papers and reports in order to predict the needs technologies for expanding EV and HEV market. At first, the relationship between energy demand situation and expanding trends of electric propulsion vehicles will be mentioned. Regarding traction motors, required performances and miniaturizing technologies by novel coil winding structures and increasing rotational speed, iron loss reduction technologies by the contrived core shapes, have been extracted and classified into the trends for each EV and HEV. In conclusion, miniaturizing technology was found to be one of the key issue of traction motor for electric propulsion vehicles.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128939618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579180
Hao Wang, Guihua Mei, Jinjun Liu, F. Liu
In this paper, a circulating current suppressing control is proposed to suppress the circulating current in the modular multilevel converter based unified power quality conditioner (MMC-UPQC). In order to decrease the circulating current among the six phases of MMC-UPQC, which is resulted from the voltage difference of the six phases, an averaged phase voltage control is introduced in the UPQC control strategy. Operating principle of the proposed control is discussed. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
{"title":"A circulating current suppressing control in modular multilevel converter based unified power quality conditioner","authors":"Hao Wang, Guihua Mei, Jinjun Liu, F. Liu","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579180","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a circulating current suppressing control is proposed to suppress the circulating current in the modular multilevel converter based unified power quality conditioner (MMC-UPQC). In order to decrease the circulating current among the six phases of MMC-UPQC, which is resulted from the voltage difference of the six phases, an averaged phase voltage control is introduced in the UPQC control strategy. Operating principle of the proposed control is discussed. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579150
Jeehoon Jung, Ho-Sung Kim, M. Ryu, Jong-Hyun Kim, J. Baek
A single-phase bidirectional AC-DC boost rectifier is proposed for a 380V DC power distribution system to control bidirectional power flows and to improve its power conversion efficiency. To reduce the switches' losses of the proposed full-bridge AC-DC rectifier using an unipolar switching method, switching devices employ IGBTs, MOSFETs, and SiC diodes. Using the analysis of the rectifier's operating modes, each switching device can be selected by considering switch stresses. In addition, a simple and intuitive frequency detection method for a single-phase SRF-PLL is proposed using fast period detector and FIR filter to improve the tracking dynamics of PLL under fundamental frequency variations. Experimental results will verify the performance of the proposed methods using a 5 kW prototype rectifier.
{"title":"Single-phase bidirectional AC-DC boost rectifier for DC distribution system","authors":"Jeehoon Jung, Ho-Sung Kim, M. Ryu, Jong-Hyun Kim, J. Baek","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579150","url":null,"abstract":"A single-phase bidirectional AC-DC boost rectifier is proposed for a 380V DC power distribution system to control bidirectional power flows and to improve its power conversion efficiency. To reduce the switches' losses of the proposed full-bridge AC-DC rectifier using an unipolar switching method, switching devices employ IGBTs, MOSFETs, and SiC diodes. Using the analysis of the rectifier's operating modes, each switching device can be selected by considering switch stresses. In addition, a simple and intuitive frequency detection method for a single-phase SRF-PLL is proposed using fast period detector and FIR filter to improve the tracking dynamics of PLL under fundamental frequency variations. Experimental results will verify the performance of the proposed methods using a 5 kW prototype rectifier.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"79 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116307209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579245
M. A. M. Cheema, J. Fletcher
A practical vector control algorithm for speed control of linear permanent magnet motor without a position sensor is presented. The vector control algorithm is based on decoupled control of d and q-axes currents. The errors in the d and q-axes currents are used as inputs to the two PI controllers to generate the orthogonal d and q-axes components of the reference voltage in rotor flux vector frame of reference. Decoupling of both the d-axis and q-axis currents control loops is achieved by adding the decoupling terms to the command voltages in the rotor flux vector reference frame generated by the PI controllers. These decoupled voltages are further transformed to the stationary frame of reference by using the electrical position of the mover, in order to generate the reference voltage vector by using space vector modulation. A fixed switching frequency is achieved because of space vector modulation which results in a smooth response of both the d and q-axes current control loops. Sensorless estimation of the mover's position is determined from the orthogonal components of the stator flux vector in stationary reference frame and the load angle. The load angle is calculated from the electromagnetic thrust force using a linearized relation between the load angle and the thrust force. The presented control scheme is experimentally validated by its practical application to a prototype linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system in the laboratory. Practical results prove the excellent response of both the d-axis and q-axis current control loops. These practical results also imply the effectiveness of proposed sensorless speed estimation algorithm under both the loaded and unloaded operating conditions for the prototype linear permanent magnet synchronous motor.
{"title":"Sensorless vector control of linear permanent magnet synchronous motor","authors":"M. A. M. Cheema, J. Fletcher","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579245","url":null,"abstract":"A practical vector control algorithm for speed control of linear permanent magnet motor without a position sensor is presented. The vector control algorithm is based on decoupled control of d and q-axes currents. The errors in the d and q-axes currents are used as inputs to the two PI controllers to generate the orthogonal d and q-axes components of the reference voltage in rotor flux vector frame of reference. Decoupling of both the d-axis and q-axis currents control loops is achieved by adding the decoupling terms to the command voltages in the rotor flux vector reference frame generated by the PI controllers. These decoupled voltages are further transformed to the stationary frame of reference by using the electrical position of the mover, in order to generate the reference voltage vector by using space vector modulation. A fixed switching frequency is achieved because of space vector modulation which results in a smooth response of both the d and q-axes current control loops. Sensorless estimation of the mover's position is determined from the orthogonal components of the stator flux vector in stationary reference frame and the load angle. The load angle is calculated from the electromagnetic thrust force using a linearized relation between the load angle and the thrust force. The presented control scheme is experimentally validated by its practical application to a prototype linear permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system in the laboratory. Practical results prove the excellent response of both the d-axis and q-axis current control loops. These practical results also imply the effectiveness of proposed sensorless speed estimation algorithm under both the loaded and unloaded operating conditions for the prototype linear permanent magnet synchronous motor.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116235849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579217
Ming Lei, Yao-hua Li, Qiongxuan Ge, Xiaoxin Wang
The common mode current of upper arm and lower arm in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) can be divided into two parts: a DC component and an AC component which is called the circulating current. The circulating current will increase power losses and may threaten the safe operation of the power devices and capacitors. To solve this question, this paper analyses the harmonics of the circulating current and makes the conclusion that the main components of circulating current are even and low order harmonics. Based on this conclusion, a new control method with parallel PI regulators is proposed. At last, experiment results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical derivation and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
{"title":"A new circulating-current restraining method for modular multilevel converter","authors":"Ming Lei, Yao-hua Li, Qiongxuan Ge, Xiaoxin Wang","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579217","url":null,"abstract":"The common mode current of upper arm and lower arm in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) can be divided into two parts: a DC component and an AC component which is called the circulating current. The circulating current will increase power losses and may threaten the safe operation of the power devices and capacitors. To solve this question, this paper analyses the harmonics of the circulating current and makes the conclusion that the main components of circulating current are even and low order harmonics. Based on this conclusion, a new control method with parallel PI regulators is proposed. At last, experiment results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical derivation and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114559402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579271
B. Vermulst, J. Duarte
Finding and comparing power losses in power electronics topologies is most commonly done by using IGBT switching losses from datasheets. The method in this paper, however, is an approach using a measurement setup, of which the data are used in MATLAB Simulink in combination with Plexim PLECS. Using this method, losses are analyzed in T-type, flying-capacitor and diode-clamped multi-level PFC topologies, and compared with the losses in a two-level PFC circuit. Analysis of the topologies is done for both rectifier and inverter mode, using IGBTs with Si and SiC diodes. The results show the lowest losses in rectifier mode are achieved with the T-type three-level topology for ail simulated switching frequencies. In inverter mode, however, the diode-clamped and flying-capacitor topologies perform equal, with lower losses than the T-type PFC, while, for switching frequencies below ≈30kHz, the two-level topology has the lowest losses.
{"title":"Losses evaluation of two-level and three-level PFC topologies based on semiconductor measurements","authors":"B. Vermulst, J. Duarte","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579271","url":null,"abstract":"Finding and comparing power losses in power electronics topologies is most commonly done by using IGBT switching losses from datasheets. The method in this paper, however, is an approach using a measurement setup, of which the data are used in MATLAB Simulink in combination with Plexim PLECS. Using this method, losses are analyzed in T-type, flying-capacitor and diode-clamped multi-level PFC topologies, and compared with the losses in a two-level PFC circuit. Analysis of the topologies is done for both rectifier and inverter mode, using IGBTs with Si and SiC diodes. The results show the lowest losses in rectifier mode are achieved with the T-type three-level topology for ail simulated switching frequencies. In inverter mode, however, the diode-clamped and flying-capacitor topologies perform equal, with lower losses than the T-type PFC, while, for switching frequencies below ≈30kHz, the two-level topology has the lowest losses.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125969464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579176
Hyun-jun Kim, T. Han, B. Han
This paper introduces a new operation method with coordinated droop control for stand-alone DC micro-grid. The proposed coordinated droop control can offer improvement of system reliability and efficiency for the stand-alone DC micro-grid, which is composed of DGs(distributed generations) and battery with SOC(state of charge) management system. The operation of stand-alone DC micro-grid with proposed control was analyzed with computer simulation. Based on simulation results, a 3kW hardware simulator was built and tested to analyze the performance of proposed system. The developed simulation model and hardware simulator can be utilized to design the actual stand-alone DC micro-grid and to analyze its performance.
{"title":"Operation analysis of stand-alone DC micro-grid with coordinated droop control","authors":"Hyun-jun Kim, T. Han, B. Han","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new operation method with coordinated droop control for stand-alone DC micro-grid. The proposed coordinated droop control can offer improvement of system reliability and efficiency for the stand-alone DC micro-grid, which is composed of DGs(distributed generations) and battery with SOC(state of charge) management system. The operation of stand-alone DC micro-grid with proposed control was analyzed with computer simulation. Based on simulation results, a 3kW hardware simulator was built and tested to analyze the performance of proposed system. The developed simulation model and hardware simulator can be utilized to design the actual stand-alone DC micro-grid and to analyze its performance.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125971802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-03DOI: 10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579151
Lixiang Hou, Hongtao Shi, Zhen Yang, F. Zhuo
Harmonic impedance is the important parameter to analysis the stability of power system. Through theoretical analysis calculated the impedance parameters of microgrid. A microgrid model is developed in PSCAD. The theoretical value and measured value have been comparative and analysis. The simulation result demonstrates that the measurement method is valid to measure the harmonic impedance of microgrid.
{"title":"Harmonic impedance calculation and measurement for an islanded microgrid","authors":"Lixiang Hou, Hongtao Shi, Zhen Yang, F. Zhuo","doi":"10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-ASIA.2013.6579151","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic impedance is the important parameter to analysis the stability of power system. Through theoretical analysis calculated the impedance parameters of microgrid. A microgrid model is developed in PSCAD. The theoretical value and measured value have been comparative and analysis. The simulation result demonstrates that the measurement method is valid to measure the harmonic impedance of microgrid.","PeriodicalId":301487,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126158371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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