Der Beitrag widmet sich einem bis jetzt in Litauen kaum untersuchten Thema, namlich der deutsch-litauischen geschaftlichen Telefonkommunikation. Das gesamte Korpus besteht aus 42 Telefonaten. Den konkreten Untersuchungsgegenstand dieses Beitrags bildet ein authentisches deutsch-litauisches Geschaftstelefonat, in dem ein berufsbezogenes Problem bzw. ein problematischer Sachverhalt behandelt wird. Das Gesprach wird unternehmensintern im Rahmen einer fest etablierten Zusammenarbeit zwischen einer deutschen Mitarbeiterin des Stammhauses in Deutschland und einer litauischen Kollegin in der litauischen Niederlassung gefuhrt. Bei der exemplarischen Analyse des Telefonats wird auf Ansatze der traditionellen amerikanischen Konversationsanalyse und der sich spater im deutschsprachigen Raum etablierten Handlungsmusteranalyse zuruckgegriffen. Auf dieser methodischen Grundlage werden die einzelnen Handlungssequenzen des Telefonats rekonstruiert und die von den Beteiligten zu bewaltigenden Interaktionsaufgaben sowie deren Realisierung erlautert. Daruber hinaus wird deutlich gemacht, wie sich die Beteiligten am institutionellen und interkulturellen Kontext der Kommunikation orientieren bzw. inwieweit sie diese Kontexte als handlungsrelevant betrachten.
{"title":"Die Behandlung von arbeitsbezogenen Problemen in deutsch-litauischen Geschäftstelefonaten","authors":"Rūta Eidukevičienė, Sidona Žvaliauskienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7666","url":null,"abstract":"Der Beitrag widmet sich einem bis jetzt in Litauen kaum untersuchten Thema, namlich der deutsch-litauischen geschaftlichen Telefonkommunikation. Das gesamte Korpus besteht aus 42 Telefonaten. Den konkreten Untersuchungsgegenstand dieses Beitrags bildet ein authentisches deutsch-litauisches Geschaftstelefonat, in dem ein berufsbezogenes Problem bzw. ein problematischer Sachverhalt behandelt wird. Das Gesprach wird unternehmensintern im Rahmen einer fest etablierten Zusammenarbeit zwischen einer deutschen Mitarbeiterin des Stammhauses in Deutschland und einer litauischen Kollegin in der litauischen Niederlassung gefuhrt. Bei der exemplarischen Analyse des Telefonats wird auf Ansatze der traditionellen amerikanischen Konversationsanalyse und der sich spater im deutschsprachigen Raum etablierten Handlungsmusteranalyse zuruckgegriffen. Auf dieser methodischen Grundlage werden die einzelnen Handlungssequenzen des Telefonats rekonstruiert und die von den Beteiligten zu bewaltigenden Interaktionsaufgaben sowie deren Realisierung erlautert. Daruber hinaus wird deutlich gemacht, wie sich die Beteiligten am institutionellen und interkulturellen Kontext der Kommunikation orientieren bzw. inwieweit sie diese Kontexte als handlungsrelevant betrachten.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"7-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent trends in academic discourse analysis reveal a keen scholarly interest in cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic variation in academic texts. While most of the research is still on the English language, the last few decades have seen an upsurge of interest in academic discourse produced in other languages, frequently comparing it to patterns of writing and argumentation in Anglo-American scientific texts. Numerous studies attempt to outline the universal features of academic discourse as well as to highlight the specific ones, typical only of some of the disciplines or cultural communities. Thus, features of academic discourse are often interpreted within the “big” (i. e. national) and “small” (i. e. disciplinary) culture context (cf. Atkinson 2004). The paper briefly reviews trends in current academic discourse research, mainly in the genre of the research article. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the challenges that researchers of academic discourse face while compiling specialized comparable corpora for their cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic analyses and to highlight certain methodological issues which are important in this type of analyses. As noted by many researchers in the field, the reliability of the results and a better empirical grounding primarily depend on the appropriately selected common ground of comparison. An overview of recently published research on cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary aspects of academic discourse reveals various methodological solutions to corpus design and data analysis.
{"title":"Tarpkalbiniai ir tarpdalykiniai mokslo kalbos tyrimai: medžiagos ir metodų pasirinkimo iššūkiai tyrėjams","authors":"Jolanta Šinkūnienė","doi":"10.15388/Klbt.2013.7671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2013.7671","url":null,"abstract":"Recent trends in academic discourse analysis reveal a keen scholarly interest in cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic variation in academic texts. While most of the research is still on the English language, the last few decades have seen an upsurge of interest in academic discourse produced in other languages, frequently comparing it to patterns of writing and argumentation in Anglo-American scientific texts. Numerous studies attempt to outline the universal features of academic discourse as well as to highlight the specific ones, typical only of some of the disciplines or cultural communities. Thus, features of academic discourse are often interpreted within the “big” (i. e. national) and “small” (i. e. disciplinary) culture context (cf. Atkinson 2004). The paper briefly reviews trends in current academic discourse research, mainly in the genre of the research article. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the challenges that researchers of academic discourse face while compiling specialized comparable corpora for their cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic analyses and to highlight certain methodological issues which are important in this type of analyses. As noted by many researchers in the field, the reliability of the results and a better empirical grounding primarily depend on the appropriately selected common ground of comparison. An overview of recently published research on cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary aspects of academic discourse reveals various methodological solutions to corpus design and data analysis.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Straipsnyje aptariama prancūzų kalbos veiksmažodžio devoir ‘privalėti’ reikšmių įvairovė iš tarpkalbinės prancūzų-lietuvių / lietuvių-prancūzų perspektyvos. Remiantis lingvistinėje literatūroje publikuotais diachroniniais tyrimais apžvelgiama šio veiksmažodžio reikšmių dinamika prancūzų kalboje. Straipsnyje taip pat pateikiama deontinio modalumo, epistemiškumo, evidencialumo kategorijų samprata prancūzų lingvistikoje. Trumpai pristatoma gramatikalizacijos proceso esmė. Apibendrinamosios bandomojo tyrimo pastabos daromos remiantis individualia straipsnio autorės introspekcija analizuojant prancūzų ir lietuvių grožinės literatūros kūrinių pavyzdžius bei jų vertimus į lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbą ir mokslinėje literatūroje vyraujančia išvada: deontiniam devoir ‘privalėti’ aspektui perteikti dažniausiai pasirenkama veiksmažodinė strategija, o epistemiškumui reikšti – adverbialinė raiška. Tyrimu atkreipiamas dėmesys į kontekstinės situacijos svarbą devoir ‘privalėti’ reikšmių identifikavimui.
{"title":"Prancūzų kalbos veiksmažodžio devoir ‘privalėti’ semantinė funkcinė polifonija. Tarpkalbinė studija","authors":"Vita Valiukienė","doi":"10.15388/Klbt.2013.7672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2013.7672","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje aptariama prancūzų kalbos veiksmažodžio devoir ‘privalėti’ reikšmių įvairovė iš tarpkalbinės prancūzų-lietuvių / lietuvių-prancūzų perspektyvos. Remiantis lingvistinėje literatūroje publikuotais diachroniniais tyrimais apžvelgiama šio veiksmažodžio reikšmių dinamika prancūzų kalboje. Straipsnyje taip pat pateikiama deontinio modalumo, epistemiškumo, evidencialumo kategorijų samprata prancūzų lingvistikoje. Trumpai pristatoma gramatikalizacijos proceso esmė. Apibendrinamosios bandomojo tyrimo pastabos daromos remiantis individualia straipsnio autorės introspekcija analizuojant prancūzų ir lietuvių grožinės literatūros kūrinių pavyzdžius bei jų vertimus į lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbą ir mokslinėje literatūroje vyraujančia išvada: deontiniam devoir ‘privalėti’ aspektui perteikti dažniausiai pasirenkama veiksmažodinė strategija, o epistemiškumui reikšti – adverbialinė raiška. Tyrimu atkreipiamas dėmesys į kontekstinės situacijos svarbą devoir ‘privalėti’ reikšmių identifikavimui.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"113-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The frequent usage of diminutives is a characteristic of the Lithuanian language system. This feature is not common in other languages, for example in French. Lithuanian language has a big potential for the word formation. The Lithuanian language contains approximately 80 suffixes of diminutives which express hypocoristic, ironic, pejorative and other meanings. Meanwhile in French language these meanings are usually expressed by analytical forms together with adjectives such as little , good , etc. or by non-diminutive lexical units. The frequent usage of diminutives conveys lyricism as well as stylistic, sociolinguistic and socio-cultural characteristics of Lithuanian artistic texts. As a result, the diminutives are considered to be an important feature of artistic texts. The aim of this article is to describe diminutives of the Lithuanian language system, to discuss their frequency in the analysed texts, their stylistic value, productivity of the morphemes of diminutives and translation strategies into the French language. The analysis of diminutives translations into the French language during the last 12 years (from 2000 to 2012) allows to define certain tendencies of translation strategies chosen by French translators and to discuss problematic issues of translation. The material for the analysis is composed of novels written by Lithuanian authors (R. Granauskas, R. Gavelis, A. Landsbergis, J. Kuncinas, V. Juknaitė, S. Parulskis, G. Radvilaviciūtė and others) and their translations into the French language that were published in the anthology contemporary Lithuanian novels “Des âmes dans le brouillard” in 2003 and in Lithuanian cultural reviews “Cahiers Lituaniens” published in France in 2000–2012. The investigation is performed by the quantitative, analytical, contrastive linguistic methods. Abstract in French
频繁使用小词是立陶宛语系统的一个特点。这个特性在其他语言中并不常见，例如法语。立陶宛语在构词法上有很大的潜力。立陶宛语包含大约80个小后缀，表达虚伪、讽刺、贬义和其他含义。同时，在法语中，这些意义通常通过分析形式与形容词(如little、good等)或非小词汇单位一起表达。小词的频繁使用传达了立陶宛艺术文本的抒情性以及风格、社会语言学和社会文化特征。因此，小人称被认为是艺术文本的一个重要特征。本文的目的是描述立陶宛语系统的小人称，讨论其在分析文本中的频率，它们的风格价值，小人称语素的生产力和翻译成法语的策略。通过对近12年来(2000年至2012年)法语中小名翻译的分析，可以确定法语译者选择的翻译策略的某些趋势，并讨论翻译中存在的问题。用于分析的材料包括立陶宛作家(R. Granauskas, R. Gavelis, A. Landsbergis, J. Kuncinas, V. juknaitje, S. Parulskis, G. Radvilaviciūtė等人)所写的小说及其翻译成法语的作品，这些作品于2003年出版在立陶宛当代小说选集“Des mes dans le brouillard”中，并于2000-2012年在法国出版的立陶宛文化评论“Cahiers Lituaniens”中。调查采用定量、分析、对比的语言方法。法语摘要
{"title":"Kalbiniai ir kultūriniai lietuvių meninių tekstų deminutyvų ypatumai ir vertimas į prancūzų kalbą","authors":"Aurelija Leonavičienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7668","url":null,"abstract":"The frequent usage of diminutives is a characteristic of the Lithuanian language system. This feature is not common in other languages, for example in French. Lithuanian language has a big potential for the word formation. The Lithuanian language contains approximately 80 suffixes of diminutives which express hypocoristic, ironic, pejorative and other meanings. Meanwhile in French language these meanings are usually expressed by analytical forms together with adjectives such as little , good , etc. or by non-diminutive lexical units. The frequent usage of diminutives conveys lyricism as well as stylistic, sociolinguistic and socio-cultural characteristics of Lithuanian artistic texts. As a result, the diminutives are considered to be an important feature of artistic texts. The aim of this article is to describe diminutives of the Lithuanian language system, to discuss their frequency in the analysed texts, their stylistic value, productivity of the morphemes of diminutives and translation strategies into the French language. The analysis of diminutives translations into the French language during the last 12 years (from 2000 to 2012) allows to define certain tendencies of translation strategies chosen by French translators and to discuss problematic issues of translation. The material for the analysis is composed of novels written by Lithuanian authors (R. Granauskas, R. Gavelis, A. Landsbergis, J. Kuncinas, V. Juknaitė, S. Parulskis, G. Radvilaviciūtė and others) and their translations into the French language that were published in the anthology contemporary Lithuanian novels “Des âmes dans le brouillard” in 2003 and in Lithuanian cultural reviews “Cahiers Lituaniens” published in France in 2000–2012. The investigation is performed by the quantitative, analytical, contrastive linguistic methods. Abstract in French","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the evidence of morphological variation in the inflection of neuter nominative and accusative singular adjectives as well as other modifiers in Gothic (shorter nominal vs. longer pronominal forms in -ata) in an effort to test the traditional hypothesis on the principles that underlie the variation and examine the diachronic implications of the use of -ata forms. The discussion is based on a total of 76 examples of -ata. It is shown that -ata forms are found in attributive, substantivised and predicative contexts across the modifier lexicon (including adjectives, the quantifier alls, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, participles, etc.) and prevail in attributive as well as substantivised use. From a diachronic point view, the fact that the bulk of -ata forms are more systematically attested in the quantifier alls ‘all’ (a word that has strong pronominal properties) and possessive pronouns is indicative of the strong inflection being more primary to pronouns. It is then possible to propose a scenario of reconstruction where the strong inflection has been passed on from demonstrative pronouns to prototypical adjectives through pronominal adjectives (such as possessive pronouns and the like). It is suggested that the use of -ata forms is difficult to explain semantically. Instead, the evidence of inflectional variation in identical contexts and the sporadic attestation of -ata across the modifier lexicon suggests that the pronominal form is a marked relic of older usage. The scarcity of predicative -ata forms is argued to be unexceptional; it is shown that it can be explained in terms of the statistics of case usage. This eliminates the need to explain predicative -ata forms away, and the recognition of the fact that their use in Gothic extended to all syntactic contexts typical of adjectives (and other relevant modifiers) indicates that there is no syntactically-conditioned allomorphy in the neuter nominative and accusative singular. Finally, it is suggested that the patterning of -ata forms in relation to the noun, and, in particular, the tendency for these forms to be used in post-position to the head, is indicative of the adjective inflection having been pronominalised in the Germanic proto-language, when the typical pattern of word order in the noun phrase was with modifiers being used in post-position to nouns.
{"title":"Gotų kalbos bevardės giminės būdvardžių galūnių kaita","authors":"Artūras Ratkus","doi":"10.15388/Klbt.2013.7669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2013.7669","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the evidence of morphological variation in the inflection of neuter nominative and accusative singular adjectives as well as other modifiers in Gothic (shorter nominal vs. longer pronominal forms in -ata) in an effort to test the traditional hypothesis on the principles that underlie the variation and examine the diachronic implications of the use of -ata forms. The discussion is based on a total of 76 examples of -ata. It is shown that -ata forms are found in attributive, substantivised and predicative contexts across the modifier lexicon (including adjectives, the quantifier alls, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, participles, etc.) and prevail in attributive as well as substantivised use. From a diachronic point view, the fact that the bulk of -ata forms are more systematically attested in the quantifier alls ‘all’ (a word that has strong pronominal properties) and possessive pronouns is indicative of the strong inflection being more primary to pronouns. It is then possible to propose a scenario of reconstruction where the strong inflection has been passed on from demonstrative pronouns to prototypical adjectives through pronominal adjectives (such as possessive pronouns and the like). It is suggested that the use of -ata forms is difficult to explain semantically. Instead, the evidence of inflectional variation in identical contexts and the sporadic attestation of -ata across the modifier lexicon suggests that the pronominal form is a marked relic of older usage. The scarcity of predicative -ata forms is argued to be unexceptional; it is shown that it can be explained in terms of the statistics of case usage. This eliminates the need to explain predicative -ata forms away, and the recognition of the fact that their use in Gothic extended to all syntactic contexts typical of adjectives (and other relevant modifiers) indicates that there is no syntactically-conditioned allomorphy in the neuter nominative and accusative singular. Finally, it is suggested that the patterning of -ata forms in relation to the noun, and, in particular, the tendency for these forms to be used in post-position to the head, is indicative of the adjective inflection having been pronominalised in the Germanic proto-language, when the typical pattern of word order in the noun phrase was with modifiers being used in post-position to nouns.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"70-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eine der wichtigsten Fragen in der kontrastiven Lexikologie, zweisprachigen Lexikografie und der Ubersetzungswissenschaft ist die Bestimmung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen den Lexemen der Vergleichssprachen. Die meisten Lexikologen, die sich mit kontrastiven Untersuchungen beschaftigen, sprechen von der Voll-, Teil- und Nullaquivalenz. In der Praxis existiert allerdings nur die so genannte Teilaquivalenz. Wenn man aber in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion nur diesen Begriff verwenden wurde, entstunden somit noch grosere Schwierigkeiten bei der Bestimmung des Aquivalenzgrades, weil sich das Spektrum der Teilaquivalenz von 1 bis 99 Prozent erstrecken wurde. Daher wird im vorliegenden Beitrag eine Formel zur Berechnung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen zwei Vergleichslexemen vorgeschlagen. In erster Linie wird die semantische Analyse des lexikalischen Feldes „Erhebung im Gelande“ im Litauischen und im Deutschen, das die Grundlage der Formel bildet, kurz prasentiert. Dazu wird der von Helmut Henne und Herbert Ernst Wiegand (Henne 1972, Wiegand 1970, Kuhn 1979) vorgeschlagene Entwurf, die lexikalische Bedeutung mit Hilfe von onomasiologischen, komplementarsemasiologischen und autonom-semasiologischen Operationsschritten zu beschreiben, herangezogen. Dieser Entwurf wird durch kontrastive, prototypensemantische und korpusgestutzte Aspekte erganzt. Im zweiten Teil wird die mathematische Formel zur Berechnung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen zwei Vergleichslexemen angegeben und durch das Beispiel des Lexempaars kalva–Hugel veranschaulicht.
{"title":"Einige Überlegungen zur Bestimmung des Äquivalenzgrades am Beispiel des lexikalischen Feldes „Erhebung im Gelände“","authors":"Daumantas Katinas","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7667","url":null,"abstract":"Eine der wichtigsten Fragen in der kontrastiven Lexikologie, zweisprachigen Lexikografie und der Ubersetzungswissenschaft ist die Bestimmung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen den Lexemen der Vergleichssprachen. Die meisten Lexikologen, die sich mit kontrastiven Untersuchungen beschaftigen, sprechen von der Voll-, Teil- und Nullaquivalenz. In der Praxis existiert allerdings nur die so genannte Teilaquivalenz. Wenn man aber in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion nur diesen Begriff verwenden wurde, entstunden somit noch grosere Schwierigkeiten bei der Bestimmung des Aquivalenzgrades, weil sich das Spektrum der Teilaquivalenz von 1 bis 99 Prozent erstrecken wurde. Daher wird im vorliegenden Beitrag eine Formel zur Berechnung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen zwei Vergleichslexemen vorgeschlagen. In erster Linie wird die semantische Analyse des lexikalischen Feldes „Erhebung im Gelande“ im Litauischen und im Deutschen, das die Grundlage der Formel bildet, kurz prasentiert. Dazu wird der von Helmut Henne und Herbert Ernst Wiegand (Henne 1972, Wiegand 1970, Kuhn 1979) vorgeschlagene Entwurf, die lexikalische Bedeutung mit Hilfe von onomasiologischen, komplementarsemasiologischen und autonom-semasiologischen Operationsschritten zu beschreiben, herangezogen. Dieser Entwurf wird durch kontrastive, prototypensemantische und korpusgestutzte Aspekte erganzt. Im zweiten Teil wird die mathematische Formel zur Berechnung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen zwei Vergleichslexemen angegeben und durch das Beispiel des Lexempaars kalva–Hugel veranschaulicht.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"35-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Problematik der Abgrenzung von Quotativen und Reportativen eingegangen. Die Analyse wird am Beispiel der Konstruktion so nach dem Motto durchgefuhrt, wobei die Belege mit Hilfe der Suchmaschine Google sowie verschiedener Internetforen wie www.hochzeitsforum.de, www.bfriends.brigitte.de/ foren zusammengestellt sind. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass die Quotative im Gegensatz zu Reportativen sich der Funktion der Marker der interpretativen Verwendung annahern. Anders als bei vielen anderen Autoren wird hier der Terminus Quotativ nicht auf eine Unterart evidenzieller Markierung bezogen, sondern es sind damit sprachliche Marker gemeint, die mehr das in ihrem Bereich auftretende Satzfragment als Wiedergabe des Wortlauts kennzeichnen als den Inhalt einer Aussage.
{"title":"Zur Problematik des Begriffes Quotativ am Beispiel der Konstruktion \"so nach dem Motto\"","authors":"Jurgita Sinkevičienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7670","url":null,"abstract":"In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Problematik der Abgrenzung von Quotativen und Reportativen eingegangen. Die Analyse wird am Beispiel der Konstruktion so nach dem Motto durchgefuhrt, wobei die Belege mit Hilfe der Suchmaschine Google sowie verschiedener Internetforen wie www.hochzeitsforum.de, www.bfriends.brigitte.de/ foren zusammengestellt sind. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass die Quotative im Gegensatz zu Reportativen sich der Funktion der Marker der interpretativen Verwendung annahern. Anders als bei vielen anderen Autoren wird hier der Terminus Quotativ nicht auf eine Unterart evidenzieller Markierung bezogen, sondern es sind damit sprachliche Marker gemeint, die mehr das in ihrem Bereich auftretende Satzfragment als Wiedergabe des Wortlauts kennzeichnen als den Inhalt einer Aussage.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"65 1","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examines the morphosyntactic features and functions of the constructions je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ and (il) faut dire (que) ‘it is necessary to say (that)’ in French and their correspondences in Lithuanian. The study is corpus-based and the data have been retrieved from the bidirectional parallel corpus CTL FR-LT-FR. The thorough semantic functional analysis of the construction je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ in the CTL FR-LT shows that the verbs devoir ‘must’ and dire ‘say’ clearly express the meanings of necessity and saying. However, in initial position the construction with the complementizer que ‘that’ represents a lexical variant and may not be functionally transparent. Its functional indeterminacy may be clarified by its prosodic realizations. The conceptual meanings of the verbs devoir ‘must’ and dire ‘say’ in the construction je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ are bleached and the construction may function as a marker that initiates conversation with the addressee, expresses the author’s argumentation and links clauses or parts of discourse. In initial and medial position, it may hedge an utterance or modify a word or a phrase. Thus the construction je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ is not primary in the communicative structure of the sentence and functions as a marker of author stance. The construction (il) faut dire (que) ‘it is necessary to say (that)’ is less frequent in the CTL FR-LT and displays minor structural variation. It shows traces of parentheticalization, namely deverbalization (omission of the formal subject il ), omission of the complementizer que ‘that’, syntactic mobility in the sentence, semantic bleaching of the verbs falloir ‘need’ and dire ‘say’, alternation with mental verbs (Pusch 2007), interpersonal and intertextual functions. The structure (il) faut dire + NP ‘it is necessary + NP’ clearly expresses the meaning of necessity to say. The Lithuanian constructions turiu pasakyti/pripažinti ‘I must say/admit’ and reikia pasakyti/pripažinti ‘it is necessary to say/admit’ in the CTL LT-FR are not statistically significant and functionally they do not differ from the equivalent constructions in French. The data in the CTL FR-LT-FR and the CCLL (Contemporary Corpus of the Lithuanian Language) reveal that the constructions under study are not dominant either in French or Lithuanian but possible in authentic language use. Although the generalizations made above should be corroborated by more empirical data, the present study contributes to the research on parenthetical constructions in French and Lithuanian and can be supplemented by the analysis of the constructions in academic discourse.
本研究考察了法语中“我必须说(那)”和“我必须说(那)”两个构式je dois dire (que)和立陶宛语中“有必要说(那)”构式的形态句法特征和功能。该研究基于语料库，数据来源于双向平行语料库CTL FR-LT-FR。通过对CTL FR-LT句式je dois dire (que)“我必须说(that)”的语义功能分析表明，动词devoir“must”和dire“say”清晰地表达了必要性和说的意义。然而，在初始位置，带有补语que“that”的结构代表了一个词汇变体，可能在功能上不透明。其功能的不确定性可以通过其韵律实现来澄清。动词devoir ' must '和dire ' say '在结构je dois dire (que) '我必须说(that) '中，其概念意义被弱化，该结构可以作为一个标记，启动与听者的对话，表达作者的论证和连接从句或部分话语。在起始和中间位置，它可以限制话语或修饰一个词或短语。因此，结构je dois dire (que)“我必须说(that)”在句子的交际结构中不是主要的，而是作为作者立场的标记。在CTL FR-LT中，“有必要说(that)”的结构(il) fault dire (que)较少出现，并且显示出较小的结构变化。它显示出圆括号化的痕迹，即去语言化(省略形式主语il)，补语que“that”的省略，句子中的句法流动性，动词“need”和“say”的语义褪色，与心理动词的交替(Pusch 2007)，人际和互文功能。结构(il) fault dire + NP ' it is necessary + NP '清楚地表达了说的必要性的意思。立陶宛语构筑物turiu pasakyti/pripažinti“我必须说/承认”和reikia pasakyti/pripažinti“有必要说/承认”在CTL LT-FR中没有统计学意义，功能上与法语中的等效构筑物没有区别。CTL FR-LT-FR和CCLL(立陶宛语当代语料库)的数据表明，所研究的结构在法语和立陶宛语中都不是主要的，但在真实的语言使用中是可能的。虽然上述结论需要更多的实证数据来证实，但本研究对法语和立陶宛语的插入语结构的研究有所贡献，并且可以通过对学术语篇中的插入语结构的分析来补充。
{"title":"Prancūzų kalbos konstrukcijų su veiksmažodžiais devoir ‘privalėti’, falloir ‘reikėti’ multifunkcionalumas: prancūzų–lietuvių kalbų tekstynu paremtas tyrimas","authors":"Vita Valiukienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2014.7679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2014.7679","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the morphosyntactic features and functions of the constructions je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ and (il) faut dire (que) ‘it is necessary to say (that)’ in French and their correspondences in Lithuanian. The study is corpus-based and the data have been retrieved from the bidirectional parallel corpus CTL FR-LT-FR. The thorough semantic functional analysis of the construction je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ in the CTL FR-LT shows that the verbs devoir ‘must’ and dire ‘say’ clearly express the meanings of necessity and saying. However, in initial position the construction with the complementizer que ‘that’ represents a lexical variant and may not be functionally transparent. Its functional indeterminacy may be clarified by its prosodic realizations. The conceptual meanings of the verbs devoir ‘must’ and dire ‘say’ in the construction je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ are bleached and the construction may function as a marker that initiates conversation with the addressee, expresses the author’s argumentation and links clauses or parts of discourse. In initial and medial position, it may hedge an utterance or modify a word or a phrase. Thus the construction je dois dire (que) ‘I must say (that)’ is not primary in the communicative structure of the sentence and functions as a marker of author stance. The construction (il) faut dire (que) ‘it is necessary to say (that)’ is less frequent in the CTL FR-LT and displays minor structural variation. It shows traces of parentheticalization, namely deverbalization (omission of the formal subject il ), omission of the complementizer que ‘that’, syntactic mobility in the sentence, semantic bleaching of the verbs falloir ‘need’ and dire ‘say’, alternation with mental verbs (Pusch 2007), interpersonal and intertextual functions. The structure (il) faut dire + NP ‘it is necessary + NP’ clearly expresses the meaning of necessity to say. The Lithuanian constructions turiu pasakyti/pripažinti ‘I must say/admit’ and reikia pasakyti/pripažinti ‘it is necessary to say/admit’ in the CTL LT-FR are not statistically significant and functionally they do not differ from the equivalent constructions in French. The data in the CTL FR-LT-FR and the CCLL (Contemporary Corpus of the Lithuanian Language) reveal that the constructions under study are not dominant either in French or Lithuanian but possible in authentic language use. Although the generalizations made above should be corroborated by more empirical data, the present study contributes to the research on parenthetical constructions in French and Lithuanian and can be supplemented by the analysis of the constructions in academic discourse.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"66 1","pages":"143-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66942210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fur Litauisch braucht man nicht nur allgemeinsprachliche, sondern auch phraseologische Lerner-Worterbucher. In diesem Beitrag werden Uberlegungen angestellt, welche meta-, makro- und mikrolexikographischen ebenso wie semantischen und pragmatischen Probleme zu berucksichtigen sind, um ein dreisprachiges phraseologisches LernerWorterbuch zu erarbeiten. Es wird die Konzeption eines solchen Worterbuchs skizziert, dann werden die in der ersten Phase der Erarbeitung des Worterbuchs schon realisierten Arbeitsschritte beschrieben, und zuletzt wird ein Ausblick auf die weiteren notwendigen Schritte zur Ausfuhrung der Projektidee gegeben.
{"title":"Ein phraseologisches Lernerwörterbuch? Warum denn nicht!","authors":"S. Lapinskas, Irena Stanulevič","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2012.7661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2012.7661","url":null,"abstract":"Fur Litauisch braucht man nicht nur allgemeinsprachliche, sondern auch phraseologische Lerner-Worterbucher. In diesem Beitrag werden Uberlegungen angestellt, welche meta-, makro- und mikrolexikographischen ebenso wie semantischen und pragmatischen Probleme zu berucksichtigen sind, um ein dreisprachiges phraseologisches LernerWorterbuch zu erarbeiten. Es wird die Konzeption eines solchen Worterbuchs skizziert, dann werden die in der ersten Phase der Erarbeitung des Worterbuchs schon realisierten Arbeitsschritte beschrieben, und zuletzt wird ein Ausblick auf die weiteren notwendigen Schritte zur Ausfuhrung der Projektidee gegeben.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"64 1","pages":"60-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66942117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study explores the functional distribution of the neuter adjectives akivaizdu ‘evident, obvious’, aisku ‘clear’, natūralu ‘natural’ and panasu ‘likely’ in Lithuanian written academic discourse. The research focuses on the CTP (complement-takingpredicate) and parenthetical use of the adjectives and presents basic quantitative and qualitative findings of these patterns of use. The data have been collected from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian represented by texts from biomedical sciences, humanities, physical sciences, social sciences and technological sciences. The research shows that the adjectives under consideration primarily express the source of information the author uses for a claim but not the author’s degrees of commitment towards the proposition. These adjectives signal that the author obtains knowledge for the proposition through inferences based on external and/or internal sources of evidence. Inferences in academic discourse are intersubjective as they mark the availability of evidence to the reader.
{"title":"Evidential adjectives in Lithuanian academic discourse","authors":"Anna Ruskan","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2012.7663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2012.7663","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores the functional distribution of the neuter adjectives akivaizdu ‘evident, obvious’, aisku ‘clear’, natūralu ‘natural’ and panasu ‘likely’ in Lithuanian written academic discourse. The research focuses on the CTP (complement-takingpredicate) and parenthetical use of the adjectives and presents basic quantitative and qualitative findings of these patterns of use. The data have been collected from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian represented by texts from biomedical sciences, humanities, physical sciences, social sciences and technological sciences. The research shows that the adjectives under consideration primarily express the source of information the author uses for a claim but not the author’s degrees of commitment towards the proposition. These adjectives signal that the author obtains knowledge for the proposition through inferences based on external and/or internal sources of evidence. Inferences in academic discourse are intersubjective as they mark the availability of evidence to the reader.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"64 1","pages":"103-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66942166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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