Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.12
Aurelija Leonavičienė
{"title":"Melnikienė, Danguolė. Dictionnaire lituanien–français / Lietuvių–prancūzų kalbų žodynas. Paris: Hermann Éditeur, 2020, pp. 1151, ISBN 9791037003232.","authors":"Aurelija Leonavičienė","doi":"10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41550201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.2
Csaba Földes
This article is based on the understanding that figurative linguistic signs are in general a common research topic in the media language but represent a desideratum especially with regard to the German-speaking press abroad. Against this background, some of the figurative and formulaic related observations as well as the results of a current research project are thematised and discussed. The primary goal is a focused evidence-based analysis – more precisely: a theory-based qualitative exploration – of special features of figurative language use in three German-language minority newspapers from Russia, Kazakhstan and Hungary. In addition, manifestations of culturality are developed in the analysed media discourse, which is characterised by multilingualism and interculturality or rather transculturality. The approach is not normative and error-analytical, but descriptive and primarily contact- or intercultural-oriented.Among other things, it was found that the empirical database provided only relatively few figurative phrases. The findings include that other textual mechanisms prevail and due to the multilingual settings the text producers adopt fixed syntactic schemes from the contact languages. On the producer side, a German-based figurative language is generally used, but it is congruent with the figurativity of the respective contact language (in the present case: Russian, Kazakh and Hungarian), including Russian/Kazakh/Hungarian-oriented framings. In this context, the dominant feature is constituted of (virulent or latent) language contact-related phenomena with some dynamics: primarily transference formations of different kinds. At the same time, it cannot be ignored that the language and text (types) competence and especially the figurative competence of the text producers in the area of conceptual-writing skills vary widely and are often not comparable to those of federal German journalists.
{"title":"Figurative Language in the German-Speaking Press Abroad","authors":"Csaba Földes","doi":"10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the understanding that figurative linguistic signs are in general a common research topic in the media language but represent a desideratum especially with regard to the German-speaking press abroad. Against this background, some of the figurative and formulaic related observations as well as the results of a current research project are thematised and discussed. The primary goal is a focused evidence-based analysis – more precisely: a theory-based qualitative exploration – of special features of figurative language use in three German-language minority newspapers from Russia, Kazakhstan and Hungary. In addition, manifestations of culturality are developed in the analysed media discourse, which is characterised by multilingualism and interculturality or rather transculturality. The approach is not normative and error-analytical, but descriptive and primarily contact- or intercultural-oriented.Among other things, it was found that the empirical database provided only relatively few figurative phrases. The findings include that other textual mechanisms prevail and due to the multilingual settings the text producers adopt fixed syntactic schemes from the contact languages. On the producer side, a German-based figurative language is generally used, but it is congruent with the figurativity of the respective contact language (in the present case: Russian, Kazakh and Hungarian), including Russian/Kazakh/Hungarian-oriented framings. In this context, the dominant feature is constituted of (virulent or latent) language contact-related phenomena with some dynamics: primarily transference formations of different kinds. At the same time, it cannot be ignored that the language and text (types) competence and especially the figurative competence of the text producers in the area of conceptual-writing skills vary widely and are often not comparable to those of federal German journalists.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42774709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.1
Marios Chrissou
A controversial issue for teachers of German as a foreign language is the balance between content and form. This also applies to vocabulary work in the field of phraseology. The modeling of language competence in the communicative approach is based on the understanding of language as a means of communication. Accordingly, the primary claim of communicative language didactics is to go beyond the description of structures of the foreign language and to place appropriate, situated linguistic action at the center of teaching. Against this theoretical background, content-oriented approaches such as Task-Based Learning have emerged in foreign language didactics, which emphasize the communicative aspect of language and place the didactic emphasis on situated, authentic tasks. Nevertheless, this emphasis did not lead to the suppression of form-based approaches which consider precision in language mastery by focusing on formal aspects through exercises to be necessary and desirable.This paper examines the question of the importance of exercises and tasks in phraseology-based vocabulary work. Against the theoretical background of the approaches of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Focus on Form (FoF), possibilities for the integration of content-oriented and form-focussing teaching concepts for the promotion of phraseological competence are shown by means of concrete examples. Furthermore, the question of their balance in teaching is discussed.
对于对外德语教师来说，内容与形式的平衡是一个有争议的问题。这也适用于短语学领域的词汇工作。交际学对语言能力的建模是基于对语言作为交际手段的理解。因此，交际语言教学法的主要主张是超越对外语结构的描述，将适当的、适当的语言行为置于教学的中心。在这种理论背景下，外语教学中出现了以内容为导向的方法，如任务型学习，它强调语言的交际方面，并将教学重点放在情境性的、真实的任务上。然而，这种强调并没有导致以形式为基础的方法的压制，这种方法认为通过练习关注形式方面来精确掌握语言是必要和可取的。本文探讨了练习和任务在基于短语的词汇学习中的重要性问题。在任务型学习(Task-Based Learning, TBL)和注重形式(Focus on Form, FoF)教学方法的理论背景下，通过具体实例说明了将内容导向和注重形式的教学理念结合起来促进词汇能力提升的可能性。并对二者在教学中的平衡问题进行了探讨。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.11
Marcelina Kałasznik
{"title":"Deutsche Phraseologie und Parömiologie im Kontakt und im Kontrast I. Anna Gondek, Alina Jurasz, Przemysław Staniewski, Joanna Szczęk, Hrsg. Kovač Verlag, Hamburg (2020). 482 S., ISBN 978-3-339-11484-6 (Print), ISBN 978-3-339-11485-3 (eBook).","authors":"Marcelina Kałasznik","doi":"10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45360090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.15388/KALBOTYRA.2020.6
Virginija Masiulionytė
This paper aims to examine the meeting points between phraseology and humor research, focusing on the role and the functions of fixed phrases in humor discourse. The examples to illustrate certain aspects of usage of fixed phrases for joke purposes are taken mainly from social media such as Facebook and Twitter and include jokes in English, German, Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish. In the course of the investigation, a distinction ought to be made between set phrases (idioms in the narrower sense of the term, proverbs, catch phrases etc.) and fixed phrases in general. Set phrases (phrasemes) have an “added value” regarding their meaning – be it a figurative element, be it ready-made reasoning or behavioral models in short form in the case of adages. In humor discourse idioms – and proverbs – are used mainly for wordplay, in which both the literal and the idiomatic meaning are activated. The wordplay can happen also in verse form. Adages can be transformed or twisted resulting in new parodistic or funny sayings. Fixed phrases outside of the phraseology can be separated into two groups: phrases typical for a particular discourse type and joke frame related phrases. The former, as means to evoke a certain frame, are used in parodistic jokes (e.g., the phrase ladies if he evokes the dating tips frame). The latter constitute a distinct class of fixed phrases which can be found only in the humor discourse: these phrases act as joke formulae und provide a basis for bigger or smaller joke categories. Certain phrases in this group, such as checks notes or nothing like deserve a mention as irony markers with a distinctive evaluative character. The shared feature of all these idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrases is that they are well-known, re-occur in the language and, in that respect, can considered belonging to the sphere of interests of phraseology. Regarding the main functions of fixed phrases in the humor discourse, they can contribute to the social play, provide the cues to switch to a nonserious humor mindset or express evaluation – from mild mockery to aggressive ridicule.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.3
Vladimir Panov
In this paper, I propose to take a fresh look at the elements traditionally termed “particles” in descriptions of Lithuanian. I establish criteria that would allow one to come up with a meaningful classification of such elements, and argue for the descriptive languageparticular category of “sentence particles”. I then turn to the syntax and functions of juk and gi, two prominent elements of this category. In order to understand their functions better, I invoke cross-linguistic comparison. I demonstrate that the ideas expressed in the literature on the German particles doch and ja can also be applied to Lithuanian. All four particles exhibit a common meaning component, which I describe as framing the proposition as uncontroversial, but also significant differences. Finally, I provide a brief overview of similar categories in some neighboring and genealogically related languages, and introduce the general methodological and areal-typological dimension of the phenomenon.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.6
Justina Daunorienė
Die weitgefasste wissenschaftliche Auffassung von festen Wortverbindungen in der geschriebenen und gesprochenen Sprache sowie moderne Definition(en) erlauben es den Sprachforschern, diese unter verschiedenen Aspekten − syntaktischen, lexikologischen, lexikographischen, stilistischen, pragmatischen, kontrastiven oder didaktischen − und in verschiedenen Bereichen des Sprachgebrauchs zu untersuchen. Die Erforschung von Phraseologismen im Sinne von festen Wortverbindungen bzw. Phrasemen erfährt in den letzten Jahren vielseitige Anregungen durch neue Forschungsansätze und gewinnt neue Perspektiven durch deren Anwendung in korpusbasierten Untersuchungen.
{"title":"Feste Wortverbindungen in Forschung und Lehre: Phraseologismen, Kollokationen und Verwandtes. In Erinnerung an Saulius Lapinskas (1954–2014). Internationale wissenschaftliche Tagung an der Universität Vilnius","authors":"Justina Daunorienė","doi":"10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"Die weitgefasste wissenschaftliche Auffassung von festen Wortverbindungen in der geschriebenen und gesprochenen Sprache sowie moderne Definition(en) erlauben es den Sprachforschern, diese unter verschiedenen Aspekten − syntaktischen, lexikologischen, lexikographischen, stilistischen, pragmatischen, kontrastiven oder didaktischen − und in verschiedenen Bereichen des Sprachgebrauchs zu untersuchen. Die Erforschung von Phraseologismen im Sinne von festen Wortverbindungen bzw. Phrasemen erfährt in den letzten Jahren vielseitige Anregungen durch neue Forschungsansätze und gewinnt neue Perspektiven durch deren Anwendung in korpusbasierten Untersuchungen.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":"72 1","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47764887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.4
N. Tuomienė
The dialectological and sociolinguistic material from the Southern Aukštaitian borderland is under the investigation in this article. The most recent records of the speaker of the Lithuanian Southern Aukštaitian in Šalčininkai district are analyzed in order to study the changes in the syntax. The peripheral area of the Southern Aukštaitian located in Šalčininkai district is surrounded or, speaking more precisely, in contact with languages other than Lithuanian, i. e. Belarusian and Polish, and relatively recently with the Russian language as well. The purpose of this article is to reveal the process of interception and convergence of syntactic compounds in the Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai district. The paper is based on ideas by Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) on this topic.Because of continuous language contact a lot of variants in the present Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai region have developed. For example, very frequently the prepositions ant ‘on’, dėl ‘for’, į ‘to’, po ‘after’ used in combination with case tend to acquire more specific meanings. A lot of them become analogous to those found in the neighbouring Slavic languages and thus are often alien for Lithuanian. The impact of standard Lithuanian cannot be totally disregarded either.The Lithuanian and Slavic languages are in active contact in these neighbourhoods, that is’ why they tend to develop the same patterns and constructions. In many cases the local Belarusian dialect, known as the poprostu (‘plain language’ – a local variant of the Belarusian northwestern dialect), plays a stimulating role here. Relatively recently all three contact languages, i.e. Lithuanian, Belarusian and Polish, have acquired numerous lexical and grammatical borrowings in the dialects of Šalčininkai neighborhoods. This is one of the conditions for accelerating the incorporation and adoption of alien syntactic patterns in the Lithuanian language.In intense contact, borrowing is not limited to several different patterns because syntactic rules could be adopted as well. Surely, the archaic constructions could acquire entirely new semantic content. The prepositional phrases have been adopted and used not instead of pure cases, but rather alongside with them.
本文对南方Aukštaitian边疆地区的方言学和社会语言学材料进行了调查。本文分析了Šalčininkai地区的立陶宛南部Aukštaitian人的最新记录，以研究其句法的变化。南部Aukštaitian的外围地区位于Šalčininkai地区，或者更准确地说，与立陶宛语以外的语言，即白俄罗斯语和波兰语接触，最近也与俄语接触。本文旨在揭示Šalčininkai地区立陶宛方言中句法复合词的截取和收敛过程。这篇论文是基于Vytautas Ambrazas(2006)关于这个话题的想法。由于不断的语言接触，现在Šalčininkai地区的立陶宛方言中出现了许多变体。例如，介词ant ' on '， dėl ' For '， ' to '， po ' after '与case结合使用往往会获得更具体的含义。它们中的许多与邻近的斯拉夫语中的相似，因此对立陶宛语来说往往是外来的。标准立陶宛语的影响也不能完全忽视。立陶宛语和斯拉夫语在这些社区经常接触，这就是为什么它们倾向于发展相同的模式和结构。在许多情况下，当地的白俄罗斯方言，被称为poprostu(“普通语言”——白俄罗斯西北方言的当地变体)，在这里起着刺激作用。最近，所有三种接触语言，即立陶宛语、白俄罗斯语和波兰语，都从Šalčininkai社区的方言中获得了大量的词汇和语法借用。这是加速在立陶宛语中合并和采用外来句法模式的条件之一。在紧密接触中，借用并不局限于几种不同的模式，因为也可以采用语法规则。当然，古老的结构可以获得全新的语义内容。介词短语已被采用和使用，而不是代替纯格，而是与它们一起使用。
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.5
Mirna Varga
Intercultural Perspectives on Research Writing, Pilar Mur-Dueñas, Jolanta Šinkūnienė, eds. John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia (2018). VII + 310 pp., ISBN 9789027201973.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.15388/kalbotyra.2019.2
L. Mazzitelli
In this paper I describe the semantics, pragmatics and the discourse functions of three Lithuanian agent-defocusing constructions, featuring the non-referential use of second person singular/third person verbal forms and the non-agreeing participial forms in ma/ta. These three constructions can all be defined as impersonal, in the broader sense of the word, as the agent (or the main participant, whatever its semantic role may be) is constructed as non-referential: I label them 2sg-imp, 3-imp and ma/ta-imp. My corpus consists of original Lithuanian texts (a short story and entries on an Internet forum) and of the Lithuanian translations of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry’s novella Le Petit Prince and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. My analysis shows that 2sg-imp are preferably used to express generic agents (anyone) and 3-imp are preferably used to express referential indefinite agents (someone). while ma/ta-imp are referentially flexible. 2sg-imp are pragmatically marked in that they are used to express empathy between the speaker and the pool of potential referents; they are mostly used in specific discourse types, such as opinion statements and life drama situations. 3-imp are preferred in situations where the indefiniteness of the agent is relevant to the development of the narrative; ma/ta-imp are instead preferred when the agent is irrelevant, and the focus is on the event itself. The behavior of Lithuanian 2sg-imp, 3-imp and ma/ta-imp is consistent with the one already described for similar constructions in other European languages.
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