The purpose of this research wasto separate and identify the leaf crude extracts esquiterpene of Sun flower ( Helianthus annuus L.) using thin layer chromatography. Sun flower leaf maceration method performed with the solvent methanol. Then performed liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction furth erphyto chemical test. After being test edphyto chemical with reagents, both extracts was followed by sesquiterpene content identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analytic. Phytochemical test result from ethyl acetate extract fraction was positive terpenoid, sesquiterpene and triterpene, while n-hexane extractfraction positive terpenoid, sesquiterpene andsteroid. All egedsesquiterpene with eluentdichloromethane: ethyl acetate (4,8:0,2) is shown with apurplestain. In the ethyl acetate extract fraction all egedsesquiterpene having Rf values of 0.89; 0.94, and 0.96. While n-hexane extract fraction, the resulting eluental legedsesquiterpene Rf 0.49; 0.8,and 0.99.
{"title":"PEMISAHAN DAN IDENTIFIKASI EKSTRAK KASAR SESKUITERPEN DAUN BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianyhus annuus L.) DENGAN KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS","authors":"Roihatul Muti’ah, E. K. Hayati, Yani Triastutik","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2905","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research wasto separate and identify the leaf crude extracts esquiterpene of Sun flower ( Helianthus annuus L.) using thin layer chromatography. Sun flower leaf maceration method performed with the solvent methanol. Then performed liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction furth erphyto chemical test. After being test edphyto chemical with reagents, both extracts was followed by sesquiterpene content identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analytic. Phytochemical test result from ethyl acetate extract fraction was positive terpenoid, sesquiterpene and triterpene, while n-hexane extractfraction positive terpenoid, sesquiterpene andsteroid. All egedsesquiterpene with eluentdichloromethane: ethyl acetate (4,8:0,2) is shown with apurplestain. In the ethyl acetate extract fraction all egedsesquiterpene having Rf values of 0.89; 0.94, and 0.96. While n-hexane extract fraction, the resulting eluental legedsesquiterpene Rf 0.49; 0.8,and 0.99.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67619504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tape is one of the products of fermentation. Of the agreement MUI, foods and beverages containing alcohol should not exceed 1%, so the food / drinks that contain high levels of alcohol exceeding 1% are included in the category of haram for consumption. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on ethanol content of cassava ( Monihotutilissima Pohl ) tapai. The method that is used to separate the two or more component of volatile and non volatile from tapai is called distillation while to analyze an ethanol level used gas chromatography (GC) method. To examine the data which differentiate the base concentration of alcohol (%) in cassava tapai since fermentation process which were analyzed by variants analysis (ANOVA). In the next experiment, if there was different significant result, then continued by the test of BNT which the level for about 1%. The samples of cassava ( Monihot utilissima Pohl ) tapai fermented for about 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Those tapai were mashed and added the aquades. The mixed materials were distillated, then entered into the bottle and considered as gram unit. The considered distillations were being analyzed used gas chromatography (GC) method.The result of the research showed that there is the influence of long fermentation to ethanol level’s of cassava (Manihot utilissima Phol) tapai. The level of cassava ethanol was 0.844%, 2.182%, 4.904%, 6.334% and 11.811%. The long fermentation was for about 120 hours and it was an indeed influence (p < 0,01) to the level of cassava’s ethanol among the period of long fermentation.
{"title":"PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KADAR ALKOHOL TAPE SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima Pohl).","authors":"Hafidatul Hasanah, Akyunul Jannah, A. Fasya","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2294","url":null,"abstract":"Tape is one of the products of fermentation. Of the agreement MUI, foods and beverages containing alcohol should not exceed 1%, so the food / drinks that contain high levels of alcohol exceeding 1% are included in the category of haram for consumption. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on ethanol content of cassava ( Monihotutilissima Pohl ) tapai. The method that is used to separate the two or more component of volatile and non volatile from tapai is called distillation while to analyze an ethanol level used gas chromatography (GC) method. To examine the data which differentiate the base concentration of alcohol (%) in cassava tapai since fermentation process which were analyzed by variants analysis (ANOVA). In the next experiment, if there was different significant result, then continued by the test of BNT which the level for about 1%. The samples of cassava ( Monihot utilissima Pohl ) tapai fermented for about 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Those tapai were mashed and added the aquades. The mixed materials were distillated, then entered into the bottle and considered as gram unit. The considered distillations were being analyzed used gas chromatography (GC) method.The result of the research showed that there is the influence of long fermentation to ethanol level’s of cassava (Manihot utilissima Phol) tapai. The level of cassava ethanol was 0.844%, 2.182%, 4.904%, 6.334% and 11.811%. The long fermentation was for about 120 hours and it was an indeed influence (p < 0,01) to the level of cassava’s ethanol among the period of long fermentation.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67618540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea cucumber (H.Scabra) is a species of marine biota providing high economicaland medical values. It has been hundreds years consumed for drug to cure various diseases in China. The aim of this research was to determine the level of the toxicity against brine shrimp larvae A . salina Leach in each dried sea cucumber (H.scabra) extract collected from Kenjeran Coast, Surabaya. The information would be beneficial for anticancer drug discovery . The research was conducted by extracting samples using both ethanol and n-hexane solvents.The concentrated extract obtained then were used for the toxicity test against brine shrimp larvae of A . salina Leach (BSLT). The mortality data of A . salina Leach was analysed using probit analysis to determine the value of LC 50 on each extract. The phytochemical assay and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was also apllied for both extracts. The result showed that both ethanol and n-hexane exctracts performed toxicity level against brine shrimp larvae of A.salina Leach with LC 50 less than 1000 ppm.The n-hexane extract indicated LC 50 of 189.093 ppm, higher than the ethanol extract, 286.031 ppm. The presence of steroids were detected in both extract whilst the alkaloids were only detected in the ethanol extract. Further separation of the n-hexane exctrat using TLC in n-hexane;ethyl acetate;amonia (66:33:0.8) yielded 5 spots with the Rf of 0.3;0.44;0.54;0.72 and 0.78, respectively.
{"title":"UJI TOKSISITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI AWAL GOLONGAN SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN N-HEKSANA TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuria scabra) KERING PANTAI KENJERAN SURABAYA","authors":"Nurul Inayah, Rachmawati Ningsih, Tri Kustono Adi","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2292","url":null,"abstract":"Sea cucumber (H.Scabra) is a species of marine biota providing high economicaland medical values. It has been hundreds years consumed for drug to cure various diseases in China. The aim of this research was to determine the level of the toxicity against brine shrimp larvae A . salina Leach in each dried sea cucumber (H.scabra) extract collected from Kenjeran Coast, Surabaya. The information would be beneficial for anticancer drug discovery . The research was conducted by extracting samples using both ethanol and n-hexane solvents.The concentrated extract obtained then were used for the toxicity test against brine shrimp larvae of A . salina Leach (BSLT). The mortality data of A . salina Leach was analysed using probit analysis to determine the value of LC 50 on each extract. The phytochemical assay and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was also apllied for both extracts. The result showed that both ethanol and n-hexane exctracts performed toxicity level against brine shrimp larvae of A.salina Leach with LC 50 less than 1000 ppm.The n-hexane extract indicated LC 50 of 189.093 ppm, higher than the ethanol extract, 286.031 ppm. The presence of steroids were detected in both extract whilst the alkaloids were only detected in the ethanol extract. Further separation of the n-hexane exctrat using TLC in n-hexane;ethyl acetate;amonia (66:33:0.8) yielded 5 spots with the Rf of 0.3;0.44;0.54;0.72 and 0.78, respectively.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67618477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effort that can maximize the working of natural zeolite is by activation and modification as a carrier of active metals or commonly called impregnation. Modified zeolite by impregnation using titanium metal is to increase the performance of a pure metal catalysts such as low in thermal stability, decreasing surface area and sintering occurs (clotting) and expensive in the application. Bearers Treatment in the metallic solids by impregnating the zeolite would make the metals in zeolites as bifungsional catalysts. Modified Malang’s natural zeolite starting with the activation process using a solution of NH 4 NO 3 2 M, continued by the addition of titanium metal used in zeolite TiO 2 solution with a concentration of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M. Modified zeolite crystallinity characterized analized by XRD analysis. Methylen blue adsorption on Ti-zeolite is to measure the specific surface area. SEM surface morphology analysis is used to determine the content of the element is by using XRF analysis. Characterization using XRD analysis results indicate that Malang’s natural zeolite not changed in the structure, but it changes the intensity due to the addition of titanium. The largest surface area measurement obtained from the treatment of Ti-zeolite 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M are : 23.159; 23.077 and 20.848 m2/gr. SEM analysis showed that titanium metal dispersion fairly evenly after the modification. While from the XRF analysis showed that the ratio of Si / Al increased to 4.354 and content of titanium in the Ti-natural zeolite Malang is 13.6%.
{"title":"PENGARUH IMPREGNASI LOGAM TITANIUM PADA ZEOLIT ALAM MALANG TERHADAP LUAS PERMUKAAN ZEOLIT","authors":"Lalang Budi Rianto, Suci Amalia, Susi Nurul Khalifah","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2295","url":null,"abstract":"Effort that can maximize the working of natural zeolite is by activation and modification as a carrier of active metals or commonly called impregnation. Modified zeolite by impregnation using titanium metal is to increase the performance of a pure metal catalysts such as low in thermal stability, decreasing surface area and sintering occurs (clotting) and expensive in the application. Bearers Treatment in the metallic solids by impregnating the zeolite would make the metals in zeolites as bifungsional catalysts. Modified Malang’s natural zeolite starting with the activation process using a solution of NH 4 NO 3 2 M, continued by the addition of titanium metal used in zeolite TiO 2 solution with a concentration of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M. Modified zeolite crystallinity characterized analized by XRD analysis. Methylen blue adsorption on Ti-zeolite is to measure the specific surface area. SEM surface morphology analysis is used to determine the content of the element is by using XRF analysis. Characterization using XRD analysis results indicate that Malang’s natural zeolite not changed in the structure, but it changes the intensity due to the addition of titanium. The largest surface area measurement obtained from the treatment of Ti-zeolite 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M are : 23.159; 23.077 and 20.848 m2/gr. SEM analysis showed that titanium metal dispersion fairly evenly after the modification. While from the XRF analysis showed that the ratio of Si / Al increased to 4.354 and content of titanium in the Ti-natural zeolite Malang is 13.6%.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67618630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lead (Pb) is pollutant found in canned foods. It is derived from the soldering between the can and the lid. This study aims to find out the analytical performance of standar curves , the better method between dry ashing dan wet ashing, the best oxidant solution in wet ashing ang determine lead in canned sausage and canned lychee.This research including : Performance determination of the standard addition curve analysis includes linearity, limits of detection and limits of quantitation, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, sample destruction using dry ash 500 o C and wet destruction with a variety of oxidizing subtrace such as HNO 3 p.a; HNO 3 p.a, H 2 SO 4 p.a (3:1), and HNO 3 p.a, H 2 SO 4 p.a, H 2 O 2 p.a (6:2:1), and determine the concentration of lead in canned sausage and canned lychee The results of this research of the standard curve analysis of lead (Pb) are r =0,9999, LOD 0,028 ppm, LOQ 0,0933 ppm, and sensitivity of 0,00757 the average accuracy of 98%, and precision 2,74%. Wet ashing is more stabil than dry ashing. The best oxidizing substance of canned sausage comes from HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 (6:2:1) and lead was found 0,64 ppm whilebest oxidizing substance of canned lychee comes from HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 (3:1) and lead was found 0,72 ppm.
{"title":"DETERMINASI KADAR LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) DALAM MAKANAN KALENG MENGGUNAKAN DESTRUKSI BASAH DAN DESTRUKSI KERING","authors":"Diana Candra Dewi","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2299","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) is pollutant found in canned foods. It is derived from the soldering between the can and the lid. This study aims to find out the analytical performance of standar curves , the better method between dry ashing dan wet ashing, the best oxidant solution in wet ashing ang determine lead in canned sausage and canned lychee.This research including : Performance determination of the standard addition curve analysis includes linearity, limits of detection and limits of quantitation, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, sample destruction using dry ash 500 o C and wet destruction with a variety of oxidizing subtrace such as HNO 3 p.a; HNO 3 p.a, H 2 SO 4 p.a (3:1), and HNO 3 p.a, H 2 SO 4 p.a, H 2 O 2 p.a (6:2:1), and determine the concentration of lead in canned sausage and canned lychee The results of this research of the standard curve analysis of lead (Pb) are r =0,9999, LOD 0,028 ppm, LOQ 0,0933 ppm, and sensitivity of 0,00757 the average accuracy of 98%, and precision 2,74%. Wet ashing is more stabil than dry ashing. The best oxidizing substance of canned sausage comes from HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 (6:2:1) and lead was found 0,64 ppm whilebest oxidizing substance of canned lychee comes from HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 (3:1) and lead was found 0,72 ppm.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67618907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It had been conducted a study on adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of humic acid isolated from peat soil from village of Sambutan, the subdistrict of Samarinda Ilir, East Kalimantan. Aspects studied covered adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of humic acid in water medium. Adsorption process carried out by batch method. Kinetics study conducted by intracting metal adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) with humic acid at various times, meanwhile studying the adsorption isotherm is done by interacting Cd (II) and Pb (II) at various concentrations with humic acid. The results showed the adsorption rate of Cd (II) and Pb (II) on humic acid followed first order with rate constants of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of 0.0012 and 0.0038 mg menit -1 /10 humic acid. Carboxylic groups of humic acid as the main groups which were actively involved in the interaction of metal-humic acid and have experienced deprotonation is hard nucleophile. It made Pb (II) was more quickly and easily adsorbed than Cd (II). Adsorption isotherm of Cd (II) and Pb (II) on humic acid followed the pattern of Langmuir isotherm with adsorption capacities of Pb (II) of 1.66 x10-3 mol / g and for Cd (II) 3.83 x10-3 mol / g . The adsorption energy of both metals is relatively small that is equal to 16.1 for Cd(II) and 21.4 kJ / mol for Pb(II).
{"title":"STUDI ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb(II) DAN Cd(II) PADA ASAM HUMAT DALAM MEDIUM AIR","authors":"Atik Rahmawati, Sri Juari Santoso","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2296","url":null,"abstract":"It had been conducted a study on adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of humic acid isolated from peat soil from village of Sambutan, the subdistrict of Samarinda Ilir, East Kalimantan. Aspects studied covered adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of humic acid in water medium. Adsorption process carried out by batch method. Kinetics study conducted by intracting metal adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) with humic acid at various times, meanwhile studying the adsorption isotherm is done by interacting Cd (II) and Pb (II) at various concentrations with humic acid. The results showed the adsorption rate of Cd (II) and Pb (II) on humic acid followed first order with rate constants of Cd (II) and Pb (II) of 0.0012 and 0.0038 mg menit -1 /10 humic acid. Carboxylic groups of humic acid as the main groups which were actively involved in the interaction of metal-humic acid and have experienced deprotonation is hard nucleophile. It made Pb (II) was more quickly and easily adsorbed than Cd (II). Adsorption isotherm of Cd (II) and Pb (II) on humic acid followed the pattern of Langmuir isotherm with adsorption capacities of Pb (II) of 1.66 x10-3 mol / g and for Cd (II) 3.83 x10-3 mol / g . The adsorption energy of both metals is relatively small that is equal to 16.1 for Cd(II) and 21.4 kJ / mol for Pb(II).","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67618337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fasya, R. Retnowati, M. F. Rahman, Suleman Duengo, W. Warsito
The α-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrieonic acid) is omega-3 fatty acid that more active than other fatty acids to inhibit cell membrane damages, formation and growth of brain functions, antiinflamatory and prevent several cronic deseases like lung desease and arthrytis. Some research explain that geometri of omega-3 fatty acids had effect on its bioactivity. This research purpose was to isolate α-linolenic acid with geometry Z,Z,Z ( 9Z,12Z,15Z -oktadekatrienoat). O. basilicum seeds oil was isolated from O. basilicum seeds using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, then hidrolized by 12 % solution of KOH in aquadest. The α-linolenic acid was separated from other fatty acids by urea inclusion methods. The optimum condition of urea inclusion was determined in various temperature (+ 5, + 3, + 1, + (-1), + (-3), + (-5)) 0 C and ratio of fatty acid : urea 1:1; 1:1,5; 1:2; 1:2,5; 1:3; 1:3,5; 1:4. From this research, extraction of O. basilicum seeds oil with n-hexane as solvent resulted clear yellow-brown oil with refractive indeks 1,466 and density 0,855 g/mL. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acids hidrolyzed from O. basilicum oil showed peak at t R = 19,949 minutes with relative percentage 70,72 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with t R = 19,949 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z -oktadecatrienoic acid.Isolation of α-linolenic acid from other fatty acids using urea inclusion at temperature 0-2 0 C dan rasio fatty acid: urea 1:1,5 showed nonadduct fraction contains compound with t R = 19,980 minutes and relative percentage 88,51 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with t R = 19,980 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z -oktadecatrienoic acid.
{"title":"ISOLASI ASAM-9Z,12Z,15Z-OKTADEKATRIENOAT DARI BIJI SELASIH (Ocimum basilicum)","authors":"A. Fasya, R. Retnowati, M. F. Rahman, Suleman Duengo, W. Warsito","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2300","url":null,"abstract":"The α-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrieonic acid) is omega-3 fatty acid that more active than other fatty acids to inhibit cell membrane damages, formation and growth of brain functions, antiinflamatory and prevent several cronic deseases like lung desease and arthrytis. Some research explain that geometri of omega-3 fatty acids had effect on its bioactivity. This research purpose was to isolate α-linolenic acid with geometry Z,Z,Z ( 9Z,12Z,15Z -oktadekatrienoat). O. basilicum seeds oil was isolated from O. basilicum seeds using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, then hidrolized by 12 % solution of KOH in aquadest. The α-linolenic acid was separated from other fatty acids by urea inclusion methods. The optimum condition of urea inclusion was determined in various temperature (+ 5, + 3, + 1, + (-1), + (-3), + (-5)) 0 C and ratio of fatty acid : urea 1:1; 1:1,5; 1:2; 1:2,5; 1:3; 1:3,5; 1:4. From this research, extraction of O. basilicum seeds oil with n-hexane as solvent resulted clear yellow-brown oil with refractive indeks 1,466 and density 0,855 g/mL. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acids hidrolyzed from O. basilicum oil showed peak at t R = 19,949 minutes with relative percentage 70,72 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with t R = 19,949 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z -oktadecatrienoic acid.Isolation of α-linolenic acid from other fatty acids using urea inclusion at temperature 0-2 0 C dan rasio fatty acid: urea 1:1,5 showed nonadduct fraction contains compound with t R = 19,980 minutes and relative percentage 88,51 %. Base on Mass Spectrum (MS), the fragmentation of this compound, with t R = 19,980 minutes, was identic with 9Z,12Z,15Z -oktadecatrienoic acid.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67619046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) adalah bahan ikutan yang ditemukan dalam gula pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui performa analitik kurva standar dengan penentuan suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi menggunakan microwave digestion , serta performa analitik kurva adisi standar menggunakan suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi. Penelitian ini meliputi penentuan performa analitik untuk kurva standar yaitu linearitas, batas deteksi dan batas kuantitasi, sensitivitas, akurasi serta presisi untuk larutan standar Cu dan Pb, kemudian dilakukan pendestruksian sampel gula pasir dengan destruksi basah menggunakan microwave digestion dengan variasi suhu 160, 180 dan 200 o C dan variasi waktu 10, 15, 20 dan 30 menit dan waktu penyimpanan 1 sampai 5 hari. Penentuan performa analitik juga ditentukan pada kurva adisi standar untuk larutan Cu dan Pb yang telah ditambahkan sampel hasil destruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi gula pasir menggunakan microwave digestion untuk analisis Cu yaitu suhu 200 o C dan waktu 15 menit serta waktu penyimpanan sampai 3 hari. Suhu dan waktu terbaik microwave digestion untuk menganalisa logam timbal (Pb) adalah 180 0 C dan 10 menit serta waktu penyimpanan hanya sampai 1 hari. Performa analitik untuk kurva standar tembaga (Cu) meliputi r 2 = 0,9993; LOD (Limit of Detection) 0,0011 ppm dan LOQ (Limit of Quantitation) 0,0036 ppm; sensitivitas 0,2; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99.96%; serta presisi 9,46%, sedangkan performa analitik untuk kurva adisi standar tembaga (Cu) meliputi r 2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0012 ppm dan LOQ 0,004 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1729, rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100,07% serta presisi 5,38%. Performasi analitik untuk kurva standar timbal (Pb) meliputi r 2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0019 ppm, LOQ 0,0066 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1069 ppm ; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99,56 % serta presisi 2,32 %. Performasi analitik kurva adisi standar timbal (Pb) meliputi r 2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0018 ppm, LOQ 0,0060 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1090 ppm; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100,01 % serta presisi 1,94 %.
{"title":"OPTIMASI METODE PENENTUAN KADAR LOGAM TEMBAGA DAN TIMBAL DALAM GULA PASIR SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM DENGAN DESTRUKSI MICROWAVE DIGESTION","authors":"Diana Candra Dewi, Begum Fauziyah, Arief Suryadinata, Dewi Annisa, Nurul Afifah","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2884","url":null,"abstract":"Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) adalah bahan ikutan yang ditemukan dalam gula pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui performa analitik kurva standar dengan penentuan suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi menggunakan microwave digestion , serta performa analitik kurva adisi standar menggunakan suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi. Penelitian ini meliputi penentuan performa analitik untuk kurva standar yaitu linearitas, batas deteksi dan batas kuantitasi, sensitivitas, akurasi serta presisi untuk larutan standar Cu dan Pb, kemudian dilakukan pendestruksian sampel gula pasir dengan destruksi basah menggunakan microwave digestion dengan variasi suhu 160, 180 dan 200 o C dan variasi waktu 10, 15, 20 dan 30 menit dan waktu penyimpanan 1 sampai 5 hari. Penentuan performa analitik juga ditentukan pada kurva adisi standar untuk larutan Cu dan Pb yang telah ditambahkan sampel hasil destruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Suhu dan waktu terbaik destruksi gula pasir menggunakan microwave digestion untuk analisis Cu yaitu suhu 200 o C dan waktu 15 menit serta waktu penyimpanan sampai 3 hari. Suhu dan waktu terbaik microwave digestion untuk menganalisa logam timbal (Pb) adalah 180 0 C dan 10 menit serta waktu penyimpanan hanya sampai 1 hari. Performa analitik untuk kurva standar tembaga (Cu) meliputi r 2 = 0,9993; LOD (Limit of Detection) 0,0011 ppm dan LOQ (Limit of Quantitation) 0,0036 ppm; sensitivitas 0,2; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99.96%; serta presisi 9,46%, sedangkan performa analitik untuk kurva adisi standar tembaga (Cu) meliputi r 2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0012 ppm dan LOQ 0,004 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1729, rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100,07% serta presisi 5,38%. Performasi analitik untuk kurva standar timbal (Pb) meliputi r 2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0019 ppm, LOQ 0,0066 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1069 ppm ; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99,56 % serta presisi 2,32 %. Performasi analitik kurva adisi standar timbal (Pb) meliputi r 2 = 0,9999; LOD 0,0018 ppm, LOQ 0,0060 ppm; sensitivitas 0,1090 ppm; rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100,01 % serta presisi 1,94 %.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67619115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfiyaturrohmah Alfiyaturrohmah, Rachmawati Ningsih, E. Yusnawan
Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar etanol, kloroform dan n -heksan alga coklat S. vulgare asal pantai Kapong Pamekasan dilakukan terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ekstrak pelarut terbaik yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri serta mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Ekstraksi senyawa aktif alga coklat S. vulgare dilakukan dengan metode maserasi pelarut etanol, kloroform dan n -heksana. Ekstrak kasar diuji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Senyawa aktif yang dikandung diuji fitokimia dan dipisahkan golongan senyawa menggunakan KLT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform S. vulgare memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus pada konsentrasi 1 % dan terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 5%. Hasil uji fitokimia terdeteksi golongan senyawa flavonoid dan steroid. Pemisahan menggunakan KLT eluen kloroform-metanol (99:1) menghasilkan 9 spot dengan nilai Rf 0,017−0,46. Eluen kloroform-metanol (9:1) menghasilkan 7 spot dengan nilai Rf 0,17−0,91.
{"title":"UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KASAR ETANOL, KLOROFORM DAN N-HEKSANA ALGA COKLAT Sargassum vulgare ASAL PANTAI KAPONG PAMEKASAN TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphilococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli","authors":"Alfiyaturrohmah Alfiyaturrohmah, Rachmawati Ningsih, E. Yusnawan","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2883","url":null,"abstract":"Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar etanol, kloroform dan n -heksan alga coklat S. vulgare asal pantai Kapong Pamekasan dilakukan terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ekstrak pelarut terbaik yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri serta mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Ekstraksi senyawa aktif alga coklat S. vulgare dilakukan dengan metode maserasi pelarut etanol, kloroform dan n -heksana. Ekstrak kasar diuji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Senyawa aktif yang dikandung diuji fitokimia dan dipisahkan golongan senyawa menggunakan KLT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform S. vulgare memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus pada konsentrasi 1 % dan terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 5%. Hasil uji fitokimia terdeteksi golongan senyawa flavonoid dan steroid. Pemisahan menggunakan KLT eluen kloroform-metanol (99:1) menghasilkan 9 spot dengan nilai Rf 0,017−0,46. Eluen kloroform-metanol (9:1) menghasilkan 7 spot dengan nilai Rf 0,17−0,91.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67619108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hanapi, A. Fasya, U. Mardiyah, Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah
Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri dan identifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak metanol alga merah Eucheuma spinosum . Ekstraksi senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan metanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan menentukan nilai EC 50 , sedangkan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol Eucheuma spinosum tergolong sangat kuat dengan nilai EC 50 22,13 ppm, sedangkan aktivitas atibakterinya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli tergolong lemah dengan daya hambat pada konsentrasi 80 mg/mL secara berturut-turut sebesar 4 mm dan 3 mm. Uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol alga merah E. spinosum menunjukkan adanya kandungan golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid dan asam askorbat.
{"title":"UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL ALGA MERAH Eucheuma spinosum DARI PERAIRAN WONGSOREJO BANYUWANGI","authors":"A. Hanapi, A. Fasya, U. Mardiyah, Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah","doi":"10.18860/AL.V0I0.2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V0I0.2885","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri dan identifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak metanol alga merah Eucheuma spinosum . Ekstraksi senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan metanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan menentukan nilai EC 50 , sedangkan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol Eucheuma spinosum tergolong sangat kuat dengan nilai EC 50 22,13 ppm, sedangkan aktivitas atibakterinya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli tergolong lemah dengan daya hambat pada konsentrasi 80 mg/mL secara berturut-turut sebesar 4 mm dan 3 mm. Uji fitokimia ekstrak metanol alga merah E. spinosum menunjukkan adanya kandungan golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid dan asam askorbat.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67618672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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