Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542434
T. Nikishin, E. Denisov
The purpose of this research is study of relaxation processes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) potential caused by changing producing electrical current. For transient analysis, it is used a simple model that includes one exponent, and described by three parameters: voltage after transient process (UL), amplitude of the exponent (U1), and time constant (α). Analysis of the experimental results shows that the most highly variable parameter of the relaxation processes during the long-time operation of the FC is U1, while the most stable is UL. Monotonic variation of these parameters in time allows to make an assumption about the possibility of using them for describing, studying and predicting the aging processes of fuel cells. It is also shown that the most rapid variation of these parameters is observed at high load current field, which corresponds to the fastest aging processes.
{"title":"Relaxation Processes in Fuel Cells","authors":"T. Nikishin, E. Denisov","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542434","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is study of relaxation processes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) potential caused by changing producing electrical current. For transient analysis, it is used a simple model that includes one exponent, and described by three parameters: voltage after transient process (UL), amplitude of the exponent (U1), and time constant (α). Analysis of the experimental results shows that the most highly variable parameter of the relaxation processes during the long-time operation of the FC is U1, while the most stable is UL. Monotonic variation of these parameters in time allows to make an assumption about the possibility of using them for describing, studying and predicting the aging processes of fuel cells. It is also shown that the most rapid variation of these parameters is observed at high load current field, which corresponds to the fastest aging processes.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130913609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542424
K. Zeyde, V. Sharov
The Morphology-dependent resonance (MDR) for a sphere follows form Mie theory. Analytics gives the solution only for a free-space situation. This work describes the initial principles of microwave discernibility conditions for a complex dielectric sphere, placed at the center of the rectangular waveguide. Obtained formulations, describe the behavior of reflection coefficient for the fundamental frequencies. The main interest aroused for the Rayleigh region. The caustic analysis, between sphere surface and waveguide walls, also gives the desired results. Numerical and natural experiments at the frequency range 10–12 GHz, confirms the findings.
{"title":"Discernibility and MDR for the Complex Dielectric Sphere in Rectangular Waveguide","authors":"K. Zeyde, V. Sharov","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542424","url":null,"abstract":"The Morphology-dependent resonance (MDR) for a sphere follows form Mie theory. Analytics gives the solution only for a free-space situation. This work describes the initial principles of microwave discernibility conditions for a complex dielectric sphere, placed at the center of the rectangular waveguide. Obtained formulations, describe the behavior of reflection coefficient for the fundamental frequencies. The main interest aroused for the Rayleigh region. The caustic analysis, between sphere surface and waveguide walls, also gives the desired results. Numerical and natural experiments at the frequency range 10–12 GHz, confirms the findings.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129620568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542262
I. Frolov, O. Radaev, V. Sergeev
Low-power commercial InGaN based light-emitting diodes were tested at a constant current of 25 A/cm2 for 7,000 hours. A methode for determining of LEDs tended to early degradation based on electrical and electro-optical characteristics measured in the threshold current region has been developed. It is determined that the rate of degradation is higher for LEDs with low values of the initial quantum efficiency.
基于InGaN的低功耗商用发光二极管在25 a /cm2的恒定电流下测试了7,000小时。本文提出了一种基于阈值电流区域测量的电学和电光特性来判断led是否有早期退化的方法。可以确定的是，对于初始量子效率值较低的led，降解率较高。
{"title":"Development of the Method of Determining of InGaN Based Leds Tended to Early Degradation on the Results of Current Tests","authors":"I. Frolov, O. Radaev, V. Sergeev","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542262","url":null,"abstract":"Low-power commercial InGaN based light-emitting diodes were tested at a constant current of 25 A/cm2 for 7,000 hours. A methode for determining of LEDs tended to early degradation based on electrical and electro-optical characteristics measured in the threshold current region has been developed. It is determined that the rate of degradation is higher for LEDs with low values of the initial quantum efficiency.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133450208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542357
M. Medvedev, A. Oleynik
Results of measurements of transmission, reflection and absorption of dielectric substrates are given in article. The mica substrate and a polyimide substrate were probed. The thin layer of nichrome, a thin layer of carbon and a monolayer of carbon were used as absorbers. Cholesteric liquid crystal and Al-VOx structure were used as a thermosensitive layer. Measurements were taken on installation based on R&S ZVA Vector Network Analyzer in the range of 170-260 GHz. Probed structures can be used in devices for imaging of microwave radiation.
{"title":"Research of Metal-Dielectric Sandwich Structures for Real-Time Imaging of Microwave Radiation","authors":"M. Medvedev, A. Oleynik","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542357","url":null,"abstract":"Results of measurements of transmission, reflection and absorption of dielectric substrates are given in article. The mica substrate and a polyimide substrate were probed. The thin layer of nichrome, a thin layer of carbon and a monolayer of carbon were used as absorbers. Cholesteric liquid crystal and Al-VOx structure were used as a thermosensitive layer. Measurements were taken on installation based on R&S ZVA Vector Network Analyzer in the range of 170-260 GHz. Probed structures can be used in devices for imaging of microwave radiation.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132039584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542307
V. Muchkaev, V. Tsarev
The results of a three-dimensional simulation of the electron flow grouping in a three-gap resonator are presented. By means of the change in the sizes of the coupling slots between the resonance cavities, the resonator can be tuned in such a way that the ratio of the frequency f2 of the second higher mode (in-phase) to the frequency f1 of the main mode (anti-phase) becomes equal to two. It is shown that when the input signal is fed at a frequency f1 (when f2/f1 = 2), the in-phase mode of oscillation is excited in the resonator, the amplitude of the oscillations that exceeds the amplitude of the main mode oscillations. In this case, the repetition frequency of the electron bunches at the exit from the resonator doubles.
{"title":"The Grouping of Electron Flow in Three-Gap Resonator at Excitation of Highest Mode with Multiple Frequency","authors":"V. Muchkaev, V. Tsarev","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542307","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a three-dimensional simulation of the electron flow grouping in a three-gap resonator are presented. By means of the change in the sizes of the coupling slots between the resonance cavities, the resonator can be tuned in such a way that the ratio of the frequency f2 of the second higher mode (in-phase) to the frequency f1 of the main mode (anti-phase) becomes equal to two. It is shown that when the input signal is fed at a frequency f1 (when f2/f1 = 2), the in-phase mode of oscillation is excited in the resonator, the amplitude of the oscillations that exceeds the amplitude of the main mode oscillations. In this case, the repetition frequency of the electron bunches at the exit from the resonator doubles.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133659549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542366
A. Badarin, S. Kurkin
The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of plasma effects on processes occurring in systems of high-power electronics. The results are obtained using electromagnetic PIC code for a promising class of high-power microwave devices relativistic vircators (generators and amplifiers with a virtual cathode (VC)). A detailed study of the behavior of critical current of a relativistic electron beam (REB) with a change in the control parameters of the system (concentration of residual gases, external magnetic field parameters, energy of electron beam, and shape of current pulse) is carried out. The results obtained within the framework of the research are intended to broaden the fundamental concepts about the dynamics of intense electron beams in a plasma.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Residual Gas Ionization on Virtual Cathode Formation Processes","authors":"A. Badarin, S. Kurkin","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542366","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of plasma effects on processes occurring in systems of high-power electronics. The results are obtained using electromagnetic PIC code for a promising class of high-power microwave devices relativistic vircators (generators and amplifiers with a virtual cathode (VC)). A detailed study of the behavior of critical current of a relativistic electron beam (REB) with a change in the control parameters of the system (concentration of residual gases, external magnetic field parameters, energy of electron beam, and shape of current pulse) is carried out. The results obtained within the framework of the research are intended to broaden the fundamental concepts about the dynamics of intense electron beams in a plasma.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134294558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542187
M. Medvedev, A. Oleynik
The paper is concerned field of application of vanadium oxide (VOx) thin layer was proposed. It has a fast, reversible metal-insulator transition (MIT) between an insulating state and a conducting (metallic) state, at temperatures near to 68 C. The MIT in VOx is accompanied by significant changes in its electrical and optical properties which are spanning over several frequency domains from dc to microwave, terahertz (THz), infrared (IR), and visible radiation. The transition can be triggered by thermal, electrical, optical, and even strong THz fields. In this paper, the authors showed that VOx thin layer shows promising potential for switchable THz devices, bolometric THz devices and THz imager.
{"title":"Application of Thin Layer of Vanadium Oxide in Terahertz Range Devices","authors":"M. Medvedev, A. Oleynik","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542187","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned field of application of vanadium oxide (VOx) thin layer was proposed. It has a fast, reversible metal-insulator transition (MIT) between an insulating state and a conducting (metallic) state, at temperatures near to 68 C. The MIT in VOx is accompanied by significant changes in its electrical and optical properties which are spanning over several frequency domains from dc to microwave, terahertz (THz), infrared (IR), and visible radiation. The transition can be triggered by thermal, electrical, optical, and even strong THz fields. In this paper, the authors showed that VOx thin layer shows promising potential for switchable THz devices, bolometric THz devices and THz imager.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116065635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542302
A. Agafonov, D. S. Stepanov, A. Chebotarev, E. Shkolnikov
The paper presents results of physical processes modeling in the gas-filled neutron tube's Pennnig-type ion source with an electron emitter. The latter is a ring-shaped thermocathode of two different configurations: an internal radius of 2 mm and external radius of 3 mm and 5 mm. The features of the discharge dynamics depending on emitted electrons currents equal to 1 mA, 10 mA and 50 mA were investigated. At a current of 1 mA for a thin and wide ring, the value of the extracted ion current and front time do not exceed 200 ¼A and 3 ¼s respectively. In the case of currents of 10 mA and 50 mA for a thin emitter ring, the ion current maximum value does not exceed 700 ¼A and front time is less than 1 ¼s. For a wide ring, the maximum value of the extracted current reaches 900 ¼A, and the front time varies from 1 μs to 3 μs.
{"title":"Investigation of the Electron Emitter Parameters of the Gas-Filled Neutron Tube's Penning Ion Source","authors":"A. Agafonov, D. S. Stepanov, A. Chebotarev, E. Shkolnikov","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542302","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of physical processes modeling in the gas-filled neutron tube's Pennnig-type ion source with an electron emitter. The latter is a ring-shaped thermocathode of two different configurations: an internal radius of 2 mm and external radius of 3 mm and 5 mm. The features of the discharge dynamics depending on emitted electrons currents equal to 1 mA, 10 mA and 50 mA were investigated. At a current of 1 mA for a thin and wide ring, the value of the extracted ion current and front time do not exceed 200 ¼A and 3 ¼s respectively. In the case of currents of 10 mA and 50 mA for a thin emitter ring, the ion current maximum value does not exceed 700 ¼A and front time is less than 1 ¼s. For a wide ring, the maximum value of the extracted current reaches 900 ¼A, and the front time varies from 1 μs to 3 μs.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116086846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542332
A. Yakunin, N. Aban'shin, D. S. Mosiyash, Y. Avetisyan, G. Akchurin
The results of investigations of physical processes in a multi-electrode planar three-level structure with field emission are presented. It is determined how the topology of elements affects the quality of electronic transport to an anode. A solution has been found that provides a fundamental reduction in the current trapping by control electrodes. The efficiency is confirmed by the results of tests of the manufactured vacuum device, the current transmission at the level of 80-98% is ensured in the entire range of variation of the gate potential.
{"title":"Features of Field Emission and Formation of Electron Beam in a Multi-Electrode Planar Cathode","authors":"A. Yakunin, N. Aban'shin, D. S. Mosiyash, Y. Avetisyan, G. Akchurin","doi":"10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEDE.2018.8542332","url":null,"abstract":"The results of investigations of physical processes in a multi-electrode planar three-level structure with field emission are presented. It is determined how the topology of elements affects the quality of electronic transport to an anode. A solution has been found that provides a fundamental reduction in the current trapping by control electrodes. The efficiency is confirmed by the results of tests of the manufactured vacuum device, the current transmission at the level of 80-98% is ensured in the entire range of variation of the gate potential.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121722434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/apede.2018.8542348
R. Yafarov, D. Nefedov, V. Shanygin
Using the high-ionized low-pressure microwave plasma, an original technology for obtaining nanocomposite diamond-graphite film structures with adjustable dimensions and surface density of diamond nanocrystallites has been developed. The regularities of the influence of the pulse durations and the amplitude of strong pulsed electric fields on the long-term field emission characteristics of cathode matrices with planar and front-end field emission made on their basis are investigated. Areas of values of stress amplitudes providing stability of field emission characteristics of cathode matrices in long-term impulse tests are determined.
{"title":"Investigation of the Planar-End Field Emission of Nanocomposite Carbon Coatings with Ultradispersed Diamonds","authors":"R. Yafarov, D. Nefedov, V. Shanygin","doi":"10.1109/apede.2018.8542348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/apede.2018.8542348","url":null,"abstract":"Using the high-ionized low-pressure microwave plasma, an original technology for obtaining nanocomposite diamond-graphite film structures with adjustable dimensions and surface density of diamond nanocrystallites has been developed. The regularities of the influence of the pulse durations and the amplitude of strong pulsed electric fields on the long-term field emission characteristics of cathode matrices with planar and front-end field emission made on their basis are investigated. Areas of values of stress amplitudes providing stability of field emission characteristics of cathode matrices in long-term impulse tests are determined.","PeriodicalId":311577,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering (APEDE)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127370956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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