Environmental Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Rare Earth Elements as Emerging Contaminants in Negro River Sediments During an Extreme Drought Event (Central Amazon)","authors":"Gabriela Santos Caldeira ,&nbsp;Pedro Costa Evangelista ,&nbsp;Mariana Melo Lage ,&nbsp;Fernando Barboza Egreja Filho ,&nbsp;Tereza Cristina Souza de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Keila Cristina Aniceto ,&nbsp;Rogério Ribeiro Marinho ,&nbsp;Naziano Pantoja Filizola Junior ,&nbsp;Caroline de Jesus Santos ,&nbsp;Ednaldo Bras Severo ,&nbsp;Cláudia Carvalhinho Windmöller","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme climate events are intensifying in the Amazon Basin, with the 2023 drought marking the most severe on record in the Negro River, exposing extensive sediment banks and raising concerns about geochemical alterations in this acidic, organic-rich blackwater system. Rare earth elements (REEs), increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants and geochemical tracers, were analysed in surface and profile sediments from Anavilhanas Archipelago and from Manaus. Samples from Anavilhanas Archipelago exhibited low ΣREE concentrations and fractionation patterns consistent with natural mafic sources. In contrast, Manaus sediments, particularly those exposed to air, showed elevated ΣREE levels (up to 167.6 mg/kg), enhanced ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, and positive cerium anomalies, indicating oxidative processes and potential anthropogenic inputs. Positive europium anomalies across all sites reflected plagioclase retention under variable weathering conditions. Ecological risk assessment using the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), indicated moderate risk, with Eu, Tb, Ho, Tm, and Lu contributing most, elements linked to electronic waste and industrial activity. Expansion of the Manaus Free Trade Zone has increased e-waste generation, much of it improperly discarded into rivers, contributing to REE accumulation. This study provides the first evaluation of REE fractionation and ecological risk in Negro River sediments during an extreme drought, establishing a geochemical baseline and underscoring the need for systematic monitoring and regulatory frameworks to mitigate REE-related risks in climate stressed Amazonian watersheds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127707"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood dyslexia risk elevated by heavy metal mixtures from e-waste: A machine learning–driven mixture modeling study","authors":"Xinle Yu ,&nbsp;Xuanzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanyi Wen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Lin ,&nbsp;Xuanzi Xia ,&nbsp;Dinghui Wang ,&nbsp;Kusheng Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental heavy metal mixtures from informal e-waste recycling are potential neurotoxicants, but their link to developmental dyslexia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether exposure to heavy metal mixtures in an e-waste recycling environment is associated with dyslexia risk, to identify key contributing metals and their interactions, and to explore potential biological mechanisms. This two-stage study in Guiyu, China—a major global e-waste recycling area—involved initial screening of 2520 primary-school children for dyslexia, followed by a case-control analysis including 66 dyslexic cases and 132 controls. Eleven urinary metals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We applied an XGBoost model with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify essential sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental covariates. These covariates informed further analyses with mixture models: adaptive elastic net (AENET) with environmental risk scores (ERS), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). All mixture models demonstrated robust, dose-dependent associations between mixed-metal exposure and increased dyslexia risk (highest <em>vs.</em> lowest quartile odds ratios: ERS = 11.00; WQS = 14.98; qgcomp = 1.56), primarily driven by chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). BKMR analyses further confirmed synergistic interactions among Cr, Ni, and Pb, moderated by antagonistic effects from zinc (Zn). Integrative bioinformatics identified neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic disruptions as critical mechanistic pathways, highlighting Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1B), Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1), Microtubule Associated Protein Tau (MAPT), and Albumin (ALB) as central molecular hubs. Additionally, rutin emerged as a potential candidate for mitigating metal-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings draw attention to the significant dyslexia risk posed by mixed-metal exposures near e-waste recycling areas, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted environmental remediation, proactive public health interventions, and routine dyslexia screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127745"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (AHTN) induces abnormal macrophage polarization and nuclear lamina remodeling under low-dosage and long-term exposure","authors":"Zheng Qi ,&nbsp;Xuntao Zhou ,&nbsp;Fanzi Kong ,&nbsp;Hailong Tong ,&nbsp;Nanqi Ren ,&nbsp;Shijie You","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic musks (SMs) are detected widely in personal care product samples in China, where 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline with tonalide (AHTN) shows the highest detection frequency. This study performed in vivo investigation on immunotoxicity induced by low-dosage and long-term AHTN exposure. The results showed that AHTN exposure disrupted the tightly regulated immune polarization process before pathological damage to other organs. Low-dosage exposure of AHTN initially drove immune cells into the M1 pro-inflammatory phase, followed by mild upregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway to facilitate a shift into the M2 anti-inflammatory phase. In this process, SUN1/2, Nesprin1/2 and Lamin A/C expression were enhanced to preserve nuclear integrity. Higher dosage exposure led to strong inflammation associated with TLR4-MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation, indicated by inctrease in TNF-α and IL-1β, along with lower decrease in IL-4 and IL-10. Lamin A/C was downregulated to promote nuclear lamina disassembly and oxidative stress. This study advances the health risk assessment of environmental contaminants toward earlier detection and intervention of immunotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127740"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient PM2.5 exposure and increased dengue case fatality: a global multi-country analysis","authors":"Sakirul Khan ,&nbsp;Najmul Haider ,&nbsp;Takaaki Yahiro ,&nbsp;Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar ,&nbsp;Farzana Khan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nayeem Hasan ,&nbsp;Mamun Al Mahtab ,&nbsp;Takehiro Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Kazunori Kimitsuki ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tachibana ,&nbsp;Kozo Watanabe ,&nbsp;Akira Nishizono","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue is a rapidly expanding, climate- and environment-sensitive vector-borne disease. However, the role of air pollution in shaping its severity remains poorly understood. We aimed to assess whether long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) contributes to increased dengue case fatality rates (CFRs) across endemic countries. We conducted a multi-country ecological study across 20 dengue-endemic nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America during the period 2020–2024. National dengue surveillance data were integrated with satellite-derived PM₂.₅ estimates and socioeconomic–climatic covariates. Associations between long-term PM₂.₅ exposure and dengue CFRs were examined using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results revealed that the mean dengue CFR across study countries was 0.20 % (range 0.05–0.77), with an annual mean PM₂.₅ exposure of 27.3 μg/m³ (range 7.4–77.5 μg/m³). However, countries exceeding 35 μg/m³ PM₂.₅ (e.g., Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Indonesia) recorded 3–5 times higher CFRs than countries below 15 μg/m³ (e.g., Brazil, Ecuador, Costa Rica) (p &lt; 0.001). Adjusted models identified PM₂.₅ concentration as an independent predictor of dengue mortality (IRR 1.94; 95 % CI 1.60–2.37). Each unit increase in PM₂.₅ concentration was associated with a 94 % higher risk of death, while higher GDP per capita was protective (IRR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.55–0.78). Seasonal analysis in Bangladesh revealed that dry-season PM₂.₅ (approximately 125 μg/m³) was associated with nearly doubled CFRs (0.82 %) compared to rainy seasons (0.45 %) when PM₂.₅ concentration is less than 50 μg/m³. By contrast, Brazil showed minimal seasonal variability in both air quality and dengue fatality. This study provides the first multi-continental evidence that exposure to higher ambient PM₂.₅ concentration is associated with increased dengue mortality. The convergence of high PM₂.₅ exposure and low GDP underscore global environmental injustice. Integrating air quality interventions into dengue control policies could yield critical co-benefits for both infectious disease prevention and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127731"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic exposure to polyethylene and tire wear particles changes the associative behaviour in cyprinid fishes","authors":"Sakshi R. Tripathi ,&nbsp;Pankaj A. Gorule ,&nbsp;Marek Šmejkal ,&nbsp;Vlastimil Stejskal ,&nbsp;Filip Ložek ,&nbsp;Alessandro Cau","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive presence of anthropogenic pollutants such as polyethylene (PE) and tire wear particles (TWPs) is increasingly impacting wildlife, including behavioural traits. However, their effects on species-specific associations remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of dietary exposure to PE and TWPs on the associative and social behaviours of native crucian carp (<em>Carassius carassius</em>) and invasive gibel carp (<em>Carassius gibelio</em>) over a 60-day period. By comparing native and invasive species, we explore how these pollutants might differentially affect species with distinct adaptive strategies, potentially influencing local biodiversity and community dynamics. Fish were exposed to 0.1 % PE and TWPs through their diet and assessed using zone-derived behavioural metrics: distance travelled, cumulative duration, and turning frequency, whereas the parameter: proximity of time spent was calculated for the time spent by individual fish outside of the zones. While PE exposure had no significant effect, TWPs significantly altered multiple associative behavioural metrics including distance travelled, cumulative duration, turning frequency, and time spent in proximity. Crucian carp exhibited greater locomotor activity and turning frequency, reflecting increased exploration. In contrast, gibel carp showed reduced movement and turning, along with elevated proximity time, suggesting spatial withdrawal. PE had comparatively weaker behavioural effects. Contrary to expectations, the invasive gibel carp did not exhibit greater behavioural resilience but instead displayed a more conservative behavioural response under TWPs exposure. These species-specific disruptions in associative behaviour may have long-term ecological consequences, affecting competitive interactions and community structure in polluted freshwater environments. Our findings underscore the need for further research on how emerging contaminants influence species interactions and freshwater community dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127744"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and distribution of phthalate esters in stormwater runoff and coastal water receiving bodies, Macao, South China","authors":"Yutang Luo ,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaru Cao ,&nbsp;Qiying Jian ,&nbsp;Aolei Du ,&nbsp;Jun Yan ,&nbsp;Yanjun Li ,&nbsp;Youxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Guoyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiong Xiong ,&nbsp;Chenxi Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban stormwater runoff is a major pathway for anthropogenic pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. Phthalate esters (PAEs), widely produced endocrine-disrupting plasticizers, readily enter the environment; however, their transport via stormwater and contribution to nearshore marine pollution remain largely overlooked. The stormwater system of Macao discharges directly to the sea, representing a potentially significant PAE pathway, yet systematic investigations on PAEs pollution in its aquatic environment are lacking. This study conducted the first comprehensive investigation on the occurrence and distribution of 16 PAEs congeners in six stormwater drainage channels (covering residential, industrial, and ecological functional zones) and four seawater sampling sites in Macao using GC-MS, aiming to characterize PAEs pollution, identify sources, and estimate annual fluxes. Results showed widespread PAEs contamination: Σ₁₆PAEs in stormwater ranged from 1.51 × 10²–3.35 × 10⁴ ng/L (0.152–33.5 μg/L), and 89.1–858 ng/L in seawater. High levels of dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) were detected, revealing unique local pollution characteristics. Among stormwater sites, Σ₁₆PAEs loads were significantly higher in residential/industrial areas than ecological areas, with distinct seasonal variations. Linear correlations between some stormwater and seawater PAEs concentrations may imply a potential source-sink relationship. Principal component analysis indicated non-point sources primarily from residential and industrial discharges. Importantly, pumping stations were innovatively identified as key dry-season PAEs sources. The annual average Σ₁₆PAEs input from the stormwater system of Macao to nearshore waters was 4.31 × 10⁻³–9.5 kg. As the first systematic report on aquatic PAEs pollution of Macao, these findings fill the regional research gap, support targeted dry/wet season control measures, and provide a reference for small coastal cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127742"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation-mediated alterations in Copper(I/II) redox equilibrium underlie lead-induced neurotoxicity","authors":"Jingyi Hu ,&nbsp;Wen-Xiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb), a ubiquitous environmental toxin, poses significant risks to central nervous system health, primarily by disrupting essential metal homeostasis in the brain. While epigenetic regulation and proteomic expression are significantly affected by Pb, its specific molecular impact on copper (Cu) redox states remains poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Pb-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through integrated epigenomics and proteomics analysis. DNA methylation analysis revealed 141,357 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), primarily in CpG sites, with 62.6 % hypermethylated and 37.4 % hypomethylated. These DMRs were enriched in genes associated with critical processes such as metal ion binding, cell cycle regulation, and nervous system development. Promoter-specific methylation changes were notably pronounced, impacting pathways linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Proteomic analysis identified 740 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 366 upregulated and 374 downregulated in Pb-treated cells. Functional annotation revealed significant enrichment of DEPs in mitochondria, where Pb exposure disrupted processes related to oxidative phosphorylation, ion transport, and transmembrane processes. These proteomic changes aligned with the observed epigenetic modifications, reinforcing the role of Pb in impairing neuronal function via its effects on cellular energy metabolism and metal ion dynamics. Notably, Pb exposure disrupted Cu redox transitions between Cu(I) and Cu(II) as well as glutathione (GSH) activity, underscoring its impact on cellular metal homeostasis regulation and oxidative imbalance. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive view of how Pb exposure alters epigenetic and proteomic landscapes, disrupting key biological processes and pathways essential for neuronal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127739"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assumption-light feature discovery outperforms Cox-based selection for PM2.5 constituent analysis in an open benchmark","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AI misapplications are widespread in environmental research, often arising from limited understanding of machine learning assumptions and their alignment with complex exposure–outcome relationships. Motivated by Chen et al., who used marginal structural Cox models to study PM2.5 constituents and highlighted sensitivity to modeling choices, we use a public COPD mortality–air quality benchmark as a proxy to examine how feature selection strategies affect downstream performance. We compare Cox-based significance, Feature Agglomeration (FA), Highly Variable Gene Selection (HVGS), and Spearman's rank correlation, assessing each with a fixed Random Forest under cross-validation. Spearman consistently delivered the highest accuracy with 5 and 8 features, FA was competitive for compact sets, HVGS was moderate, and Cox-based selection underperformed—patterns consistent with nonlinearity, multicollinearity, and potential violations of proportional hazards. A hybrid workflow that combines unsupervised structure discovery with nonparametric screening produced more stable and reproducible feature sets, offering a pragmatic guardrail against common misapplications and a stronger foundation for subsequent flexible causal modeling. Public Python code supports reproducibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 127738"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Mechanistic modelling of amphibian body burdens after dermal uptake of pesticides from soil’ [Environ. Pollut. volume 346 (2024), 123614]","authors":"Valentin Mingo ,&nbsp;Manousos Foudoulakis ,&nbsp;James R. Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 127664"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and spectral mapping of traffic-related nanoparticles in hippocampal subregions of an Alzheimer disease model","authors":"Hannah J. O'Toole ,&nbsp;Anchaleena James ,&nbsp;Nathifa Nasim ,&nbsp;Dustin J. Hadley ,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Hale ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Keith J. Bein ,&nbsp;Anthony Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Tatu Rojalin ,&nbsp;Brittany N. Dugger ,&nbsp;Anthony S. Wexler ,&nbsp;Pamela J. Lein ,&nbsp;Randy P. Carney","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is linked to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) is a suspected driver of TRAP neurotoxicity, but its spatial interactions with AD pathology remain poorly defined. We investigated the distribution, composition, and pathological context of TRAP-derived UFPM in the hippocampus of TgF344-AD rats chronically exposed to TRAP or filtered air (FA) for 14 months. Using a multimodal imaging workflow that combines enhanced darkfield hyperspectral imaging (EDF-HSI) with confocal immunofluorescence for microglia (CD68/Iba1) and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques (Thioflavin S), we mapped the localization and spectral properties of UFPM <em>in situ</em>. UFPM accumulation was elevated in TRAP-exposed females, suggesting sex-specific vulnerability in blood-brain barrier permeability or particle accumulation. Particles near plaques showed red-shifted spectral signatures, suggestive of biochemical transformation. Dimension reduction revealed clustering of particle spectra by TRAP exposure and plaque proximity. However, UFPM was rarely found within plaques or microglia, implying indirect neuroimmune modulation. These findings highlight a novel spatial and spectral imaging approach for characterizing environmental nanoparticle interactions in the brain and suggests chronic TRAP exposure may influence AD-related inflammation and pathology in a sex- and region-dependent manner in this rodent model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 127730"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}