Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125811
Na Yeong Kim, Joonhyeong Park, Youngnam Kim, Seongjin Hong, Taeha Kim, Gi Beum Kim
Due to the bioaccumulation and adverse health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on aquatic organisms, evaluating their potential toxicity in sediments is essential. Particularly, as industrial activities and urbanization expand, PAHs are increasingly being introduced into marine ecosystems. Passive samplers (PS) have been widely used to measure the concentration of freely dissolved (Cfree) PAHs and assess their potential toxicity in sediment porewater. In this study, Cfree was measured using passive samplers to assess the potential toxicity of contaminated sediments near industrial facilities in Korea. The maximum Cfree levels in OS, JS, and OP were 201 ng/L, 70 ng/L, and 77 ng/L, respectively, indicating relatively high levels compared to other areas in Korea. Additionally, the spatial distribution of Cfree was influenced by regional characteristics and sediment properties. The potential toxicity was evaluated using four key factors: Cfree, biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF), interstitial water toxicity units (IWTUs), and chemical activity (a). Although the sedimentary PAH levels in these three harbors may not currently exhibit adverse effects on organisms based on these factors, inner sites could pose potential toxicity risks in the future. The findings of this study suggest the necessity for further research using PS techniques at potentially contaminated sites to enhance understanding of ongoing contamination, ecological risks, and strategies for improving sediment management.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Potential Toxicity of PAHs in Contaminated Sediments in Korea Using a Passive Sampler-Based Approach","authors":"Na Yeong Kim, Joonhyeong Park, Youngnam Kim, Seongjin Hong, Taeha Kim, Gi Beum Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125811","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the bioaccumulation and adverse health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on aquatic organisms, evaluating their potential toxicity in sediments is essential. Particularly, as industrial activities and urbanization expand, PAHs are increasingly being introduced into marine ecosystems. Passive samplers (PS) have been widely used to measure the concentration of freely dissolved (C<sub>free</sub>) PAHs and assess their potential toxicity in sediment porewater. In this study, C<sub>free</sub> was measured using passive samplers to assess the potential toxicity of contaminated sediments near industrial facilities in Korea. The maximum C<sub>free</sub> levels in OS, JS, and OP were 201 ng/L, 70 ng/L, and 77 ng/L, respectively, indicating relatively high levels compared to other areas in Korea. Additionally, the spatial distribution of C<sub>free</sub> was influenced by regional characteristics and sediment properties. The potential toxicity was evaluated using four key factors: C<sub>free</sub>, biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF), interstitial water toxicity units (IWTUs), and chemical activity (a). Although the sedimentary PAH levels in these three harbors may not currently exhibit adverse effects on organisms based on these factors, inner sites could pose potential toxicity risks in the future. The findings of this study suggest the necessity for further research using PS techniques at potentially contaminated sites to enhance understanding of ongoing contamination, ecological risks, and strategies for improving sediment management.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"79 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125812
Hyunjee Kim , Olga Frunze , Kwang-Ho Kim , Hyung-Wook Kwon
A popular herbicide from the chlorophenoxy group, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) effectively controls broadleaf weeds in agricultural environments. However, its application threatens honey bee habitats and has been implicated in colony collapse disorder (CCD) due to its toxic effects. While the general hazards of 2,4-D to honey bees are recognized, its specific impact on nursing and foraging behaviors remains poorly understood. This study quantified the lethal dose (LD50) of 2,4-D for honey bees across developmental stages, finding LD50 values of 104.1 μg/bee for newly emerged bees, 456.6 μg/bee for nurse bees, and 221.6 μg/bee for foragers. We further investigated sub-lethal effects on nursing and foraging, observing that exposure led to significant reductions in hypopharyngeal gland (HG) acini size, essential for brood care, and decreased expression of AmGr10, an amino acid receptor gene linked to nursing behavior. For foragers, sub-lethal 2,4-D exposure impaired gustatory responsiveness to key feeding stimuli, such as sucrose and glucose. This impairment corresponded with a decrease in AmGr1 expression, a taste receptor gene critical for resource detection. Additionally, affected foragers showed reduced olfactory learning and memory, likely due to decreased expression of the octopamine receptor AmOA1, essential for associative learning processes. These findings provide compelling evidence that sub-lethal abdominal exposure to 2,4-D disrupts both nursing and foraging behaviors by impairing physiological and cognitive functions, ultimately jeopardizing colony health and resilience.
{"title":"Sub-lethal exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid disrupts nursing and foraging behaviors in honey bees","authors":"Hyunjee Kim , Olga Frunze , Kwang-Ho Kim , Hyung-Wook Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A popular herbicide from the chlorophenoxy group, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) effectively controls broadleaf weeds in agricultural environments. However, its application threatens honey bee habitats and has been implicated in colony collapse disorder (CCD) due to its toxic effects. While the general hazards of 2,4-D to honey bees are recognized, its specific impact on nursing and foraging behaviors remains poorly understood. This study quantified the lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of 2,4-D for honey bees across developmental stages, finding LD<sub>50</sub> values of 104.1 μg/bee for newly emerged bees, 456.6 μg/bee for nurse bees, and 221.6 μg/bee for foragers. We further investigated sub-lethal effects on nursing and foraging, observing that exposure led to significant reductions in hypopharyngeal gland (HG) acini size, essential for brood care, and decreased expression of <em>AmGr10</em>, an amino acid receptor gene linked to nursing behavior. For foragers, sub-lethal 2,4-D exposure impaired gustatory responsiveness to key feeding stimuli, such as sucrose and glucose. This impairment corresponded with a decrease in <em>AmGr1</em> expression, a taste receptor gene critical for resource detection. Additionally, affected foragers showed reduced olfactory learning and memory, likely due to decreased expression of the octopamine receptor <em>AmOA1</em>, essential for associative learning processes. These findings provide compelling evidence that sub-lethal abdominal exposure to 2,4-D disrupts both nursing and foraging behaviors by impairing physiological and cognitive functions, ultimately jeopardizing colony health and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125812"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In-situ stabilization technology offers a cost-effective solution for the remediation of heavy metal(loid) (HM) contaminated soils. However, the lack of a reliable method to assess the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization significantly impedes the practical application of this technology. To address this gap, we have devised an innovative method that integrates acid rain leaching with dry-wet alternation to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization. We initiate the acid rain leaching process by adding 200 mL of a H2SO4 and HNO3 solution, with a pH of 3.20, to 20 g of tested soil and stirring at 30 ± 2 rpm for 2 hours. After decanting the supernatant, we dried the soil in a water bath at 60°C. Then repeat this leaching and drying cycle until HM in the leachate either exceed the preset thresholds or become stable. The time-dependent effectiveness of the stabilization is calculated based on the annual average rainfall, and the number of cycles. By using multiple types of soils contaminated with various HM, we demonstrated that this method is versatile and not limited by the types of soil or HM, and exhibits excellent multi-laboratory precision. The method exhibited excellent multi-laboratory precision, with over 82% of samples having a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 30%. This method is of significance for not only mitigating the risk of re-contamination from HM reactivation post-remediation, but also broadening the disposal options for remediated soils beyond landfill, thereby fostering environmentally sustainable practices.
{"title":"Long-term effectiveness of heavy metal(loid) stabilization: Development of an assessing method","authors":"Yanqing Liu, Zewen Wang, Xiao Tan, Deyi Hou, Liping Fang, Aijun Lin, Fangbai Li, Guilan Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125798","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ stabilization technology offers a cost-effective solution for the remediation of heavy metal(loid) (HM) contaminated soils. However, the lack of a reliable method to assess the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization significantly impedes the practical application of this technology. To address this gap, we have devised an innovative method that integrates acid rain leaching with dry-wet alternation to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of HM stabilization. We initiate the acid rain leaching process by adding 200 mL of a H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> solution, with a pH of 3.20, to 20 g of tested soil and stirring at 30 ± 2 rpm for 2 hours. After decanting the supernatant, we dried the soil in a water bath at 60°C. Then repeat this leaching and drying cycle until HM in the leachate either exceed the preset thresholds or become stable. The time-dependent effectiveness of the stabilization is calculated based on the annual average rainfall, and the number of cycles. By using multiple types of soils contaminated with various HM, we demonstrated that this method is versatile and not limited by the types of soil or HM, and exhibits excellent multi-laboratory precision. The method exhibited excellent multi-laboratory precision, with over 82% of samples having a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 30%. This method is of significance for not only mitigating the risk of re-contamination from HM reactivation post-remediation, but also broadening the disposal options for remediated soils beyond landfill, thereby fostering environmentally sustainable practices.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125797
Ping Ding , Yajing Han , Yanan Sun , XiaoXia Chen , Qing Ge , Wei Huang , Lijuan Zhang , Adela Jing Li , Guocheng Hu , Yunjiang Yu
Microplastics (MPs), widely found in aquatic environments, pose a growing threat to environmental and biological health due to their complex interactions with pollutants and microorganisms. This study investigates the adsorption characteristics of clothianidin (CLO) on polystyrene (PS) and photoaged polystyrene (P-PS) and explores the neurotoxic effects of CLO combined with PS/P-PS in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that P-PS exhibited a higher adsorption capacity and faster equilibrium compared to PS, indicating the significant role of photoaging in enhancing CLO adsorption. Exposed to CLO combined with PS/P-PS resulted in reduced locomotor activity, particularly in the P-PS + CLO group, suggesting amplified neurotoxicity due to P-PS. Analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis revealed elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, along with downregulated expression of stress-related genes in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating disruption of neuroendocrine function. Neurotransmitter analysis showed significant changes in acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, further confirming the neurotoxic impact of co-exposure. The findings highlight the synergistic neurotoxicity of CLO and photoaged MPs, with potential implications for aquatic ecosystems. This study advances the field of environmental science by addressing critical knowledge gaps in pollutant-microplastic interactions, providing a foundation for developing targeted mitigation strategies and enhancing ecological risk management frameworks.
{"title":"Synergistic neurotoxicity of clothianidin and photoaged microplastics in zebrafish: Implications for neuroendocrine disruption","authors":"Ping Ding , Yajing Han , Yanan Sun , XiaoXia Chen , Qing Ge , Wei Huang , Lijuan Zhang , Adela Jing Li , Guocheng Hu , Yunjiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs), widely found in aquatic environments, pose a growing threat to environmental and biological health due to their complex interactions with pollutants and microorganisms. This study investigates the adsorption characteristics of clothianidin (CLO) on polystyrene (PS) and photoaged polystyrene (P-PS) and explores the neurotoxic effects of CLO combined with PS/P-PS in larval zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). Adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that P-PS exhibited a higher adsorption capacity and faster equilibrium compared to PS, indicating the significant role of photoaging in enhancing CLO adsorption. Exposed to CLO combined with PS/P-PS resulted in reduced locomotor activity, particularly in the P-PS + CLO group, suggesting amplified neurotoxicity due to P-PS. Analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis revealed elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, along with downregulated expression of stress-related genes in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating disruption of neuroendocrine function. Neurotransmitter analysis showed significant changes in acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, further confirming the neurotoxic impact of co-exposure. The findings highlight the synergistic neurotoxicity of CLO and photoaged MPs, with potential implications for aquatic ecosystems. This study advances the field of environmental science by addressing critical knowledge gaps in pollutant-microplastic interactions, providing a foundation for developing targeted mitigation strategies and enhancing ecological risk management frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125797"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125791
Ting Liu , Wei Wang , Jun Du , Hongyue Liu , Jiaojiao Wu , Chuanxuan Wang , MengKe Tang , Yalin Liu , Yingzi Ju , Weidong Qu , Jianheng Zheng , Yifan Zhao , Yubin Zhang
Aluminum (Al) is a metal existing in the human body, yet the immunotoxicity of Al remains elusive. To investigate the immunotoxicity of Al, C57BL/6 mice were treated with 200 or 800 ppm Al via drinking water for 3 months, and thereafter the adaptive immune system was evaluated. In addition, mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated with Al in vitro to assess the impact of Al in vitro. Treatment with Al reduced the production of IgM and IgG in the serum, and the activation of B cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen of mice; treatment with Al in vitro suppressed the production of IgM and IgG, and the activation of B cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in mouse splenocytes and human PBMC. In vitro co-culture assays suggested that the suppressed adaptive immunity was due to B cells modified by Al. In terms of mechanism, a direct action of Al on B1 cells induced the B1 cells to be IL-10-producing cells and thereby suppressed the adaptive immune system, which was critically dependent on the Jak1/3-STAT signaling. This study reveals that Al suppresses the adaptive immunity via induction of IL-10-producing B1 cells.
{"title":"Aluminum promotes B1 cells to produce IL-10 and impairs adaptive immune system","authors":"Ting Liu , Wei Wang , Jun Du , Hongyue Liu , Jiaojiao Wu , Chuanxuan Wang , MengKe Tang , Yalin Liu , Yingzi Ju , Weidong Qu , Jianheng Zheng , Yifan Zhao , Yubin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum (Al) is a metal existing in the human body, yet the immunotoxicity of Al remains elusive. To investigate the immunotoxicity of Al, C57BL/6 mice were treated with 200 or 800 ppm Al via drinking water for 3 months, and thereafter the adaptive immune system was evaluated. In addition, mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated with Al in vitro to assess the impact of Al in vitro. Treatment with Al reduced the production of IgM and IgG in the serum, and the activation of B cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen of mice; treatment with Al in vitro suppressed the production of IgM and IgG, and the activation of B cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in mouse splenocytes and human PBMC. In vitro co-culture assays suggested that the suppressed adaptive immunity was due to B cells modified by Al. In terms of mechanism, a direct action of Al on B1 cells induced the B1 cells to be IL-10-producing cells and thereby suppressed the adaptive immune system, which was critically dependent on the Jak1/3-STAT signaling. This study reveals that Al suppresses the adaptive immunity via induction of IL-10-producing B1 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125791"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125809
Junwen Tang, Yuan Zhao, Li Wang, Zhiyuan Tang, Xiaoxuan Mao, Yuxuan Guo, Baicheng Hu, Guolong Li, Hong Gao, Tao Huang, Jianmin Ma
After the ban on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the replacement of these compounds with organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) has drawn widespread attention worldwide. In arid/semi-arid regions, characteristics such as low precipitation, frequent strong winds, and low soil organic carbon content potentially influence the environmental fate of OPFRs. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of nine OPFRs in water, sediment, soil, air, and dry deposition in Lanzhou, an arid/semi-arid region in China. The total concentration of OPFRs (Σ9OPFRs) were 54.8 – 334 ng/L in water, 37.3 – 484 ng/g (dry weight, dw) in sediment, 134 – 510 ng/g (dw) in urban soil, 1.53 – 6.22 ng/m3 in urban air, and measured dry deposition fluxes were 119 – 681 ng/(m2·d). TPrP, TDCPP and TCPP were the primary OPFR individuals in water and sediment, while TPrP, TDCPP and TPPO predominated in urban soil and air. The fugacity approach revealed the environmental fate of OPFRs were mainly: soil-to-air, air-to-water and sediment-to-water. Ulteriorly, intermediate exchange fluxes were calculated. This study reveals that in this climatic region, urban soil acts both as a "sink" for emissions and a "source" for re-emissions into the atmosphere, further emphasizing the significance of atmospheric transport as a critical pathway in this area.
{"title":"Multimedia Distribution and Exchange Characteristics of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants in a Typical Semi-Arid City in China","authors":"Junwen Tang, Yuan Zhao, Li Wang, Zhiyuan Tang, Xiaoxuan Mao, Yuxuan Guo, Baicheng Hu, Guolong Li, Hong Gao, Tao Huang, Jianmin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125809","url":null,"abstract":"After the ban on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the replacement of these compounds with organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) has drawn widespread attention worldwide. In arid/semi-arid regions, characteristics such as low precipitation, frequent strong winds, and low soil organic carbon content potentially influence the environmental fate of OPFRs. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of nine OPFRs in water, sediment, soil, air, and dry deposition in Lanzhou, an arid/semi-arid region in China. The total concentration of OPFRs (Σ<sub>9</sub>OPFRs) were 54.8 – 334 ng/L in water, 37.3 – 484 ng/g (dry weight, dw) in sediment, 134 – 510 ng/g (dw) in urban soil, 1.53 – 6.22 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in urban air, and measured dry deposition fluxes were 119 – 681 ng/(m<sup>2</sup>·d). TPrP, TDCPP and TCPP were the primary OPFR individuals in water and sediment, while TPrP, TDCPP and TPPO predominated in urban soil and air. The fugacity approach revealed the environmental fate of OPFRs were mainly: soil-to-air, air-to-water and sediment-to-water. Ulteriorly, intermediate exchange fluxes were calculated. This study reveals that in this climatic region, urban soil acts both as a \"sink\" for emissions and a \"source\" for re-emissions into the atmosphere, further emphasizing the significance of atmospheric transport as a critical pathway in this area.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125794
Xuan Ni , Chicheng Yan , Bingbing Guo , Ziwei Han , Changzheng Cui
Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens are prevalent in drinking water systems and can resuscitate under favorable conditions, thereby posing significant public health risks. This study investigated the occurrence of VBNC Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in source water, tap water, and potable water in eastern China, using propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR and culture-based methods. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed based on conventional water quality indicators to predict VBNC pathogen concentrations. The results indicated that drinking water treatment plants effectively reduced VBNC pathogens by 1–3 log units, however, concentrations ranging from 100 to 102 CFU/100 mL remained in tap and potable water, with detection rates between 83.33% and 100%. Furthermore, potable water contained a higher concentration of VBNC pathogens than tap water, suggesting a potential risk of microbial leakage from water dispensers. The constructed ANN models outperformed than MLR models, with R values greater than 0.8, indicating a strong correlation between measured values and model predictions for VBNC pathogens. ANN models also demonstrated superior accuracy than MLR models in predicting VBNC pathogens across different type of drinking water, achieving accuracies of 88.89% for Escherichia coli and 77.78% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The QMRA revealed that annual infection risks and disease burdens from VBNC pathogens in potable water were greater than those in tap water, with both exceeding acceptable safety thresholds. This study emphasizes that the risks posed by VBNC pathogens deserve attention and model predictions provide critical evidence for health risk identification.
{"title":"Occurrence, predictive models and potential health risk assessment of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens in drinking water","authors":"Xuan Ni , Chicheng Yan , Bingbing Guo , Ziwei Han , Changzheng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens are prevalent in drinking water systems and can resuscitate under favorable conditions, thereby posing significant public health risks. This study investigated the occurrence of VBNC <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> in source water, tap water, and potable water in eastern China, using propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR and culture-based methods. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed based on conventional water quality indicators to predict VBNC pathogen concentrations. The results indicated that drinking water treatment plants effectively reduced VBNC pathogens by 1–3 log units, however, concentrations ranging from 10<sup>0</sup> to 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/100 mL remained in tap and potable water, with detection rates between 83.33% and 100%. Furthermore, potable water contained a higher concentration of VBNC pathogens than tap water, suggesting a potential risk of microbial leakage from water dispensers. The constructed ANN models outperformed than MLR models, with R values greater than 0.8, indicating a strong correlation between measured values and model predictions for VBNC pathogens. ANN models also demonstrated superior accuracy than MLR models in predicting VBNC pathogens across different type of drinking water, achieving accuracies of 88.89% for <em>Escherichia coli</em> and 77.78% for <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. The QMRA revealed that annual infection risks and disease burdens from VBNC pathogens in potable water were greater than those in tap water, with both exceeding acceptable safety thresholds. This study emphasizes that the risks posed by VBNC pathogens deserve attention and model predictions provide critical evidence for health risk identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125794"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125807
Joana Alves , Ana Daniela Sansur Pavón , Daniel Ricardo , António Alves da Silva , Tiago Natal-da-Luz , Rúben Mina , Fernanda Garcia , Paulo Barros , João Alexandre Cabral , José Paulo Sousa
Bat populations are decreasing worldwide, mainly due to anthropogenic influence, climate changes, urbanisation, agricultural intensification, and industrial exploitation of natural resources. Colonies have been displaced from caves and other natural roosts, leaving mines (including metal extraction mines) as key remaining roosts for cave-dwelling bats in many regions. Consequently, mines have become important for global conservation efforts. The persistence of metals in these environments might affect biota even after exploitation activities have ceased. This study investigates potential metal exposure in cave-dwelling bats roosting in abandoned mines. Non-invasive samples of fur, wing, and faeces from 140 individuals of four insectivorous cave-dwelling bat species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus hipposideros, and Miniopterus schreibersii) were collected in four abandoned mines in northern and central Portugal, frequently used as hibernation roosting sites. Soil, rock, and water samples were also collected in each mine to characterise the exposure source. Concentrations of 13 metals (As, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, Sn, and W) were measured by ICP-MS spectrophotometer. Metals were detected in the wings and fur of all bat species, confirming metal exposure. The highest concentrations were mainly found in the wing membranes. M. schreibersii presented the highest metal concentrations in fur. Differences in metal concentrations between species might be related to foraging behaviour and habitat use, linked to distinct anthropogenic activities. These results reinforce the importance of monitoring metal exposure in cave-dwelling bats roosting in abandoned mines, as this exposure may help to understand the decreases in bat populations and to support measures to prevent their decline.
{"title":"Exposure assessment of metals in cave-dwelling bats: Worldwide relevance of local knowledge","authors":"Joana Alves , Ana Daniela Sansur Pavón , Daniel Ricardo , António Alves da Silva , Tiago Natal-da-Luz , Rúben Mina , Fernanda Garcia , Paulo Barros , João Alexandre Cabral , José Paulo Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bat populations are decreasing worldwide, mainly due to anthropogenic influence, climate changes, urbanisation, agricultural intensification, and industrial exploitation of natural resources. Colonies have been displaced from caves and other natural roosts, leaving mines (including metal extraction mines) as key remaining roosts for cave-dwelling bats in many regions. Consequently, mines have become important for global conservation efforts. The persistence of metals in these environments might affect biota even after exploitation activities have ceased. This study investigates potential metal exposure in cave-dwelling bats roosting in abandoned mines. Non-invasive samples of fur, wing, and faeces from 140 individuals of four insectivorous cave-dwelling bat species (<em>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus euryale, Rhinolophus hipposideros, and Miniopterus schreibersii</em>) were collected in four abandoned mines in northern and central Portugal, frequently used as hibernation roosting sites. Soil, rock, and water samples were also collected in each mine to characterise the exposure source. Concentrations of 13 metals (As, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, Sn, and W) were measured by ICP-MS spectrophotometer. Metals were detected in the wings and fur of all bat species, confirming metal exposure. The highest concentrations were mainly found in the wing membranes. <em>M. schreibersii</em> presented the highest metal concentrations in fur. Differences in metal concentrations between species might be related to foraging behaviour and habitat use, linked to distinct anthropogenic activities. These results reinforce the importance of monitoring metal exposure in cave-dwelling bats roosting in abandoned mines, as this exposure may help to understand the decreases in bat populations and to support measures to prevent their decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 125807"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125799
Eunhye Kim, Seongeun Jeong, Yoon-Hee Kang, Min-Gyu Myeong, Soontae Kim
Understanding the impact of long-range transport (LTI) on concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) is crucial for accurately assessing air quality in affected areas. We developed an integrated approach combining emissions adjustment and model bias correction to improve the replication of observed PM2.5 concentrations and estimate LTI contributions in South Korea, a representative downwind area in Northeast Asia. Using ground observations, we first adjusted emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and primary PM2.5 in China, which is upwind of South Korea. Refining factors were applied to further reduce systematic biases in estimating upwind PM2.5 concentrations and enhance LTI calculations. The results demonstrated that our approach reduced both random and systematic biases in simulated PM2.5 concentrations in China, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the observed and simulated concentrations. These results were used to refine LTI estimates in South Korea, leading to reduced mean bias between observed and simulated concentrations. The improvements aligned well with observed PM2.5 concentration trends in both countries, highlighting the critical role of accurate LTI estimates in understanding air pollution dynamics in South Korea. Moreover, this approach was effective for assessing both short- and long-term population exposure, enhancing the accuracy of identifying “unhealthy” PM2.5 days and calculating population-weighted concentrations in South Korea. By analyzing PM2.5 concentrations, long-term trends, changes in local emission impacts, and population exposure in areas influenced by long-range transport, this method has substantial potential for broader applicability.
{"title":"Influence of top-down adjusted upwind emissions on PM2.5 concentrations: The case of long-range transport in South Korea","authors":"Eunhye Kim, Seongeun Jeong, Yoon-Hee Kang, Min-Gyu Myeong, Soontae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125799","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the impact of long-range transport (LTI) on concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is crucial for accurately assessing air quality in affected areas. We developed an integrated approach combining emissions adjustment and model bias correction to improve the replication of observed PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and estimate LTI contributions in South Korea, a representative downwind area in Northeast Asia. Using ground observations, we first adjusted emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and primary PM<sub>2.5</sub> in China, which is upwind of South Korea. Refining factors were applied to further reduce systematic biases in estimating upwind PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and enhance LTI calculations. The results demonstrated that our approach reduced both random and systematic biases in simulated PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in China, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the observed and simulated concentrations. These results were used to refine LTI estimates in South Korea, leading to reduced mean bias between observed and simulated concentrations. The improvements aligned well with observed PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration trends in both countries, highlighting the critical role of accurate LTI estimates in understanding air pollution dynamics in South Korea. Moreover, this approach was effective for assessing both short- and long-term population exposure, enhancing the accuracy of identifying “unhealthy” PM<sub>2.5</sub> days and calculating population-weighted concentrations in South Korea. By analyzing PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, long-term trends, changes in local emission impacts, and population exposure in areas influenced by long-range transport, this method has substantial potential for broader applicability.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125808
Jie Liu , Bo Zhao , Longfei Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Tingchao Zan , Zhenguo Chen , Yi Li
N-nitrosamines (NAs), highly carcinogenic disinfection by-products, were frequently detected in raw sewage, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and receiving rivers. This study investigated five NAs, including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and their formation potentials (FPs) in a highly urbanized basin. The results showed that total NAs and their FPs ranged from 101 to 141 ng/L and 72.6–203 ng/L in the influent, implying that NAs and their FPs in the raw sewage might be affected by the sewage type, especially for NDMA (up to 103 ng/L) influenced by industrial wastewater. NDMA FP was positively correlated with NH4+, TN, and TOC, while NDMA, NDEA, and NDEA FP were strongly associated with heavy metals, especially Hg, implying factories using Hg as potential sources. The biological treatment effectively removed NAs in STPs, but NMOR showed the weakest biological removal. In addition, the removal efficiency of NDMA was related to the type of biological treatment in the following order: Modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane-bioreactor (Modified AAO-MBR) (81.2%) > AAO (60.1%) > Oxidation ditch (53.3%) > UNITANK (46.5%) > Modified AAO (25.8%). After treatment, total NAs (mainly NDMA and NMOR) in the effluent still ranged from 7.09 to 31.8 ng/L. In the receiving rivers, although NMOR was mainly photodegraded, Patescibacteria discharged from STPs was the first time to be identified as a potential contributor for NMOR. NDMA was primarily degraded through photodegradation and biodegradation, NDMA FP was probably biodegraded, with Proteobacteria probably contributing to the biodegradation of NDMA and NDMA FP.
{"title":"Occurrence, fate, and transport of N-nitrosamines and precursors in sewage treatment plants and receiving rivers in a highly urbanized basin","authors":"Jie Liu , Bo Zhao , Longfei Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Tingchao Zan , Zhenguo Chen , Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em>-nitrosamines (NAs), highly carcinogenic disinfection by-products, were frequently detected in raw sewage, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and receiving rivers. This study investigated five NAs, including <em>N</em>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), <em>N</em>-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), <em>N</em>-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), <em>N</em>-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), and <em>N</em>-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and their formation potentials (FPs) in a highly urbanized basin. The results showed that total NAs and their FPs ranged from 101 to 141 ng/L and 72.6–203 ng/L in the influent, implying that NAs and their FPs in the raw sewage might be affected by the sewage type, especially for NDMA (up to 103 ng/L) influenced by industrial wastewater. NDMA FP was positively correlated with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, TN, and TOC, while NDMA, NDEA, and NDEA FP were strongly associated with heavy metals, especially Hg, implying factories using Hg as potential sources. The biological treatment effectively removed NAs in STPs, but NMOR showed the weakest biological removal. In addition, the removal efficiency of NDMA was related to the type of biological treatment in the following order: Modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane-bioreactor (Modified AAO-MBR) (81.2%) > AAO (60.1%) > Oxidation ditch (53.3%) > UNITANK (46.5%) > Modified AAO (25.8%). After treatment, total NAs (mainly NDMA and NMOR) in the effluent still ranged from 7.09 to 31.8 ng/L. In the receiving rivers, although NMOR was mainly photodegraded, <em>Patescibacteria</em> discharged from STPs was the first time to be identified as a potential contributor for NMOR. NDMA was primarily degraded through photodegradation and biodegradation, NDMA FP was probably biodegraded, with <em>Proteobacteria</em> probably contributing to the biodegradation of NDMA and NDMA FP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125808"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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