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Hibriditas Aluk Todolo dan Kekristenan Dalam Ritual Ma’bulle Tomate Di Gandangbatu 阿鲁克托多洛的混合和基督教与马卢托迈特的成人仪式
Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.34307/mjsaa.v1i2.14
Ones Kristiani Rapa'
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat hibriditas budaya dalam Aluk Todolo dan Kekristenan melalui Ritual Ma’bulle Tomate di Gandangbatu. Ritual ini merupakan salah satu bagian dalam rangkaian ritus yang paling terkenal di Toraja yaitu Rambu Solo’. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kulitatif melalui pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini yakni teori dari Homi K. Baba dalam buku yang berjudul The Location Of Culture. Teori tersebut mengatakan bahwa hibriditas budaya merupakan ruang ke tiga   yang seharusnya menjadi ruang diskursif karena melalui hal ini telah terjadi pelanggaran batas ruang yang menandakan suatu kontradivisi dari objek, penggunaan, makna, ruang dan properti dalam suatu tradisi. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan bahwa Aluk Todolo menggunakan badong sebagai syair duka dalam ritual Ma’bulle Tomate dan kekristenan menggunakan nyanyian rohani. Melalui teori tersebut disimpulkan bahwa hibriditas budaya Aluk Todolo dan kekristenan dalam ritual Ma’bulle Tomate Di Gandangbatu merupakan titik tolak perjumpaan yang indah antara dua kebudayaan tersebut. Kata Kunci: Hibriditas, Ma’bulle, Tomate, Masyarakat, Ritual         
摘要:本文的目的是通过石材上的马卢托多洛文化混合和基督教。这个仪式是托拉雅最著名的仪式系列之一,也就是独奏标志。在这篇文章中,作者使用一种简短的研究方法来收集观测数据和采访。至于这篇文章中使用的理论,霍米·K·巴巴在一本书《文化的位置》中提出的理论。该理论认为,文化混合是第三个空间,应该是空间分化的空间,因为在这种情况下,存在着一种超越空间边界的现象,标志着传统中对象、使用、意义、空间和财产的对比性。研究人员发现,阿鲁克·托多洛在马伯托迈特仪式中以巴东为哀悼词,基督教使用赞美诗。根据这一理论,阿鲁克托多洛文化的混合和基督教在马布尔托迈特的成人仪式是这两种文化之间美好接触的起点。关键词:嗨,女士,汤米,社区,仪式
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引用次数: 0
BIARLAH PEREMPUAN YANG MENENTUKAN: TINJAUAN TEOLOGI SEKSUALITAS TERHADAP KEBERADAAN PEREMPUAN BERDASARKAN KEJADIAN 2:21-25 让女性来决定:基于创世纪2:21-25对女性存在的性神学概述
Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.34307/mjsaa.v1i2.29
Firman Panjaitan
Masalah seksualitas menjadi krusial ketika terjadi kekerasan seksual dalam keluarga, termasuk keluarga Kristen. Kekerasan seksual bisa berbentuk fisik dan non-fisik, dan salah satunya adalah tentang keputusan kehamilan seorang perempuan yang dibuat oleh laki-laki. Dikatakan sebagai bentuk kekerasan seksual, karena sesungguhnya yang memiliki rahim adalah perempuan, sehingga keputusan hamil atau tidak harus ditentukan oleh perempuan, bukan laki-laki. Oleh sebab itu, pemahaman seksualitas harus dikembangkan melalui pemahaman yang benar, agar dalam pernikahan dan keluarga Kristen tidak hidup di dalam kekerasan seksual. Jalan menuju hal tersebut adalah menggali pemahaman tentang seksualitas dalam Kejadian 2:21-25 guna membangun teologi seksualitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang diperkaya dengan metode eksegesa tekstual terhadap Kejadian 2:21-25. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa teologi seksualitas menghantar keluarga untuk menyadari bahwa kedudukan laki-laki dan perempuan adalah seimbang dan masing-masing memiliki haknya sehingga tidak boleh ada intervensi terhadap hak masing-masing. Perempuanlah yang menentukan hak rahimnya, bukan laki-laki.
当关键的性取向问题的家庭中发生的性暴力,包括在基督徒家庭。性暴力可以物理形状和怀孕,其中一个是关于决定非碰触一个由男人的女人。称为形式的性暴力,因为真正的有子宫是女性,所以怀孕与否的决定必须由女性,而不是男性。因此,理解性必须通过正确地理解,免得基督教婚姻和家庭中生活在性暴力。通往这是理解他的性取向深入创世纪2:21-25建立神学性。这项研究使用定性的方法,以丰富的文献研究方法对创世纪2:21-25 eksegesa文本的方法。神学研究结果显示,家庭性派来意识到男人和女人的地位是平衡的、每个人都有权利,所以不能对各自权利的干预。Perempuanlah决定生育的权利,不是男孩。
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引用次数: 1
PEMAHAMAN PLURALISTAS ULAMA DAYAH DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN ISLAM DI ACEH
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.11214
M. Anzaikhan
Plurality is understood as religious diversity in a society that is increasingly disturbing and undergoing friction. The Dayah clerics in Aceh view plurality as sunnatullah, but the plurality that is recognized is only limited to religious tolerance in the eyes of the syafii school. The research method in this study is field research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by interviewing Tengku Dayah and campus intellectuals. In addition, data support was also carried out in the form of a literature study on the basis of the thoughts of figures related to Ulama Dayah and Islamic thinkers in Aceh. The results of the study concluded that the majority of Ulama Dayah rejected the plurality of sects more than the rejection of religious plurality. The Ulama Dayah contradicted and even forbade the congregation and their students from studying Islamic Thought. As a result, the treasures of Islamic thought in Aceh are hampered and can only be lived within the academic scope of the campus. If Islamic thinkers appear among the dayah, then they must contextualize according to the understanding and pattern of the Sunnah, otherwise Islamic thinkers will be rejected and even expelled from the majority congregation in Aceh.
多元化被理解为一个日益令人不安和经历摩擦的社会中的宗教多样性。亚齐的Dayah神职人员将多元化视为sunnatullah,但在syafii学校看来,被承认的多元化仅限于宗教宽容。本研究的研究方法是采用定性的实地调查方法。通过采访东姑大雅和校园知识分子来收集数据。此外,还以文献研究的形式对与乌拉玛·达耶和亚齐伊斯兰思想家有关的人物的思想进行了数据支持。研究结果的结论是,大多数乌拉玛达亚人拒绝教派多元化甚于拒绝宗教多元化。乌拉玛大雅反驳,甚至禁止会众和他们的学生学习伊斯兰思想。因此,亚齐的伊斯兰思想宝藏受到阻碍,只能在校园的学术范围内生活。如果伊斯兰思想家出现在大雅中,那么他们必须根据圣训的理解和模式进行语境化,否则伊斯兰思想家将被拒绝,甚至被驱逐出亚齐的多数会众。
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引用次数: 1
NILAI SOSIAL TRADISI RITUAL KEAGAMAAN RATIB RAMBAI PADA MASYARAKAT KUBU KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.11003
Afnalya Sari
Ritual Ratib Rambai a hereditary tradition for appealing welfare and prevent a bad fortune which still continues till this day that contains a worth social value. It makes close to Allah SWT, has a good kinship, solidarity with others and they proud to have the culture. This research aims to find out the social values from Ritual Ratib Rambai for Kubu community Rokan Hilir Region, Riau Province. The study executes by qualitative method and descriptive view, that doesn’t use grades as a method but using information from community experiences to find out the social values which contained from Ritual Ratib Rambai and confirmed by continuous literacy. This study also explained the history and implementation of Ritual ratib rambai that exist in Kubu community.
ratb Rambai仪式是一种世袭传统,用于呼吁福利和防止厄运,直到今天仍在继续,具有重要的社会价值。它使接近安拉SWT,有良好的亲属关系,团结他人,他们自豪的文化。本研究旨在探讨廖内省罗干希利尔地区库布族的兰拜礼的社会价值。本研究采用定性的方法和描述性的观点,即不以等级作为研究方法,而是利用社区经验的信息来寻找包含在《拉姆拜礼》中并被持续的识字所证实的社会价值。本研究也解释了库布部落中存在的兰拜仪式的历史和实施。
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引用次数: 0
MULTIKULTURAL PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGIS 多元文化社会学观点
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.11213
Nofal Liata, Khairil Fazal
This study discusses the concept of a multicultural society in a sociological perspective, where the Indonesian state as a gathering place for various ethnic groups, nations, religions and beliefs in its history has provided valuable lessons. There are times when diversity in Indonesia creates conflict, but in other places there is also the diversity that is owned by the Indonesian people as a source of strength to keep each other from being crushed by the progress of the times. Understanding multiculturalism is not something that must be owned by intellectuals or those from community leaders only, but all levels, layers, and lines of society become a necessity for the importance of understanding this multiculturalism. Because at this time the reality is that Indonesian people in general are very vulnerable to disaster due to SARA (ethnic, religion, race, and inter-group) issues that are blown by electronic media. In order to prevent "bloody conflict" disasters from happening again, multiculturalism will always be relevant to be discussed throughout the ages, considering that generations are always changing. The purpose of this study is to bring the understanding of multiculturalism in particular to the younger generation, and in general at all levels of society, not just an academic discourse. The method in writing this work uses library research, as well as by presenting examples of cases that have occurred in Indonesia. The results of the study in the discussion chapter, in general it can be concluded that the understanding of multiculturalism in Indonesia is not something that comes from outside, meaning that local wisdom created from ancient times has also strengthened the conditions of multicultural society. But on the other hand, unequal access to education by the community until now, the potential for horizontal conflict is always there. In the context of the consequences of a pluralistic society in Indonesia, that within a diverse structure, the seeds of conflict at times become a latent threat to damage the social order. And problems at the local level will easily become national problems because there are no longer limits for people to consume information
本研究从社会学的角度讨论了多元文化社会的概念,其中印尼国家作为历史上各种民族、民族、宗教和信仰的聚集地提供了宝贵的经验教训。印度尼西亚的多样性有时会造成冲突,但在其他地方,印度尼西亚人民拥有的多样性也会成为力量的源泉,使彼此不被时代的进步所压垮。理解多元文化主义不仅仅是知识分子或社区领袖的事情,社会的各个层面、各个层次和各个阶层都成为理解这种多元文化主义重要性的必要条件。因为目前的现实是,印尼民众普遍很容易受到电子媒体所散播的SARA(民族、宗教、种族和族群间)议题的影响。为了防止“血腥冲突”灾难再次发生,考虑到世代更替,多元文化主义将始终是贯穿各个时代的相关讨论。这项研究的目的是使对多元文化主义的理解,特别是对年轻一代的理解,以及对社会各阶层的理解,而不仅仅是一种学术话语。在写作这项工作的方法使用图书馆的研究,以及通过提出的案例,已经发生在印度尼西亚的例子。讨论章的研究结果,总的来说可以得出结论,印度尼西亚对多元文化主义的理解不是来自外部的,这意味着自古以来创造的当地智慧也加强了多元文化社会的条件。但另一方面,社区接受教育的机会不平等直到现在,潜在的横向冲突总是存在的。在印度尼西亚一个多元化社会的后果中,在一个多样化的结构中,冲突的种子有时会成为破坏社会秩序的潜在威胁。地方层面的问题很容易变成全国性的问题,因为人们对信息的消费不再有限制
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引用次数: 2
KONSEP KETUHANAN DALAM KAJIAN FILSAFAT 神的概念在哲学研究中
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.10728
Ning Ratna Sinta Dewi
Metaphysical theology is the study of God. God as the object of metaphysical study has a specificity compared to the other two objects of metaphysics. If the outward manifestation of the universe and the soul can be perceived by the senses, then the same is not true for the reality of divinity. God is something that cannot be grasped by the senses. Metaphysics that studies about God is called the philosophy of divinity (naturalist theology). If the philosophy of divinity makes God the final point or conclusion of the entire study, then revelation theology views God as the starting point for its discussion. The philosophy of divinity deals with proving the truth of the existence of God based on human reasoning. Divinity philosophy (naturalist theology) does not question the existence of God, the discipline only wants to underline that if there is no uncaused first cause, the relative-contingent position of objects cannot be understood by reason. From the above, there are several kinds of philosophical evidence that try to open the way to God; namely the proof of ontology, cosmology, teleology, morals, and this is at the same time an advantage of the philosophical approach compared to the approach of religion and other sciences. Science is limited to making descriptions based on empirical experience while religion departs from belief in one doctrine.
形而上学神学是对上帝的研究。上帝作为形而上学研究的对象,与形而上学的其他两个对象相比,具有特殊性。如果宇宙和灵魂的外在表现可以被感官感知,那么神性的现实就不是这样了。上帝是无法用感官把握的。研究上帝的形而上学被称为神性哲学(自然主义神学)。如果说神性哲学把神作为整个研究的终点或结论,那么启示神学则把神作为讨论的起点。神性哲学是基于人类的推理来证明上帝存在的真理。神性哲学(自然主义神学)不质疑上帝的存在,这门学科只是想强调,如果没有无原因的第一原因,物体的相对偶然地位就不能被理性所理解。综上所述,有几种哲学证据试图打开通往上帝的道路;即本体论,宇宙论,目的论,道德的证明,同时这也是哲学方法相对于宗教和其他科学方法的一个优势。科学仅限于根据经验进行描述,而宗教则脱离对一种教义的信仰。
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引用次数: 0
ARUS TOP-DOWN DAN BOTTOM-UP PADA GERAKAN DIALOG ANTAR AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.10659
Muhammad Muhammad, N. Nurlaila
The interfaith dialogue movement in the top-down current as described above, namely the movement originating from the state, was welcomed by various communities in Indonesia as a bottom-up current, namely the interfaith dialogue movement originating from the people. At least in this bottom-up flow, there are two communities, namely dialogue developed in academic institutions, and dialogue conducted or facilitated by civil society institutions, such as NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), both focusing on dialogue and raising issues. -Other issues related to dialogue. In this research, the researcher focuses only on two groups, namely the state (top-down current) and academic institutions (bottom-up current) trying to examine religious movements in the realm of inter-religious dialogue using social movement theory. There are three key concepts in social movement theory which usually play a very important role in determining the success of collective action. The three concepts include (1) political opportunity structure, (2) mobilizing structures, and (3) framing of action.
如上所述的自上而下潮流中的宗教间对话运动,即源于国家的运动,作为自下而上的潮流,即源于人民的宗教间对话运动,受到印度尼西亚各社区的欢迎。至少在这种自下而上的流动中,有两个社区,即在学术机构中开展的对话,以及由民间社会机构(如非政府组织)进行或促进的对话,两者都侧重于对话和提出问题。——其他与对话有关的问题。在本研究中,研究者只关注两个群体,即国家(自上而下的现状)和学术机构(自下而上的现状),他们试图利用社会运动理论来研究宗教间对话领域的宗教运动。社会运动理论中有三个关键概念,它们通常在决定集体行动的成功方面起着非常重要的作用。这三个概念包括(1)政治机会结构,(2)动员结构,(3)行动框架。
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引用次数: 1
TRADISI PEUSIJUEK SEBAGAI SARANA MEDIASI DITENGAH SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.10727
Nanda Septi Prayetno
The purpose of this research is to find out how the peusijuek tradition act as a media means in the mix of Islamic syaria law in districts of Kuta Baro Aceh Besar Region in the Aceh Province. And how the peusijuek tradition functions in society for it to be able to last until now in the presence of the assumption that the peusijuek tradition is a hindu tradition and considered a bid’ah and not according to the syaria law. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method, where the researcher gains the information straight from the result of interview and literature review. During the course of this research, the researcher uses the cultural functionalism theory according to Malinowski. Functionalistic theory explains that between the elements of a culture, there is a link, and why certain patterns happen or at least why the patterns still lasts and claimed by the society. Regardless it does not stray from the function that the culture has, like the peusijuk tradition that lives and color the social lives of Acehnese people. The peusijeuk tradition is an embodiment of gratefulness to Allah SWT for what have been obtained in someones life that is implemented in forms of ceremony. The peusijuek tradition is also a way to manifest peace in social life of the Kuta Baro district. The result form this research is to state that the peusijuek tradition as a media means in the mix of Islamic syaria law that has a very important role for the society, because it has a certain function, which is to bring prosperity, to expect blessing, to keep peace between people, and to protect and maintan the culture. To this day the peusijuek tradition is a social reality and also to become an identity of the Acehnese people, especialy to the Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar district.
本研究的目的是找出peusijuek传统如何在亚齐省的库塔巴罗亚齐Besar地区的伊斯兰教法混合中作为一种媒体手段。以及peusijuek传统是如何在社会中发挥作用,使其能够持续到现在的假设是,peusijuek传统是印度教传统,被认为是一种犹太教,而不是根据叙利亚法律。本研究采用描述性定性方法,研究者直接从访谈和文献综述的结果中获取信息。在研究过程中,研究者运用了马林诺夫斯基的文化功能主义理论。功能主义理论解释了文化元素之间的联系,以及为什么某些模式会发生,或者至少为什么这些模式仍然存在并被社会所主张。无论如何,它并没有偏离文化的功能,就像peusijuk传统一样,生活和色彩着亚齐人的社会生活。peusijeuk传统是对安拉SWT感恩的体现,因为人们在生活中获得了以仪式形式实现的东西。peusijuek传统也是库塔巴罗地区社会生活中体现和平的一种方式。本研究的结果是,peusijuek传统作为一种媒介手段,在伊斯兰教法的混合中对社会具有非常重要的作用,因为它具有一定的功能,即带来繁荣,期待祝福,保持人与人之间的和平,保护和维护文化。直到今天,peusijuek传统是一种社会现实,也成为亚齐人民的一种身份,特别是在库塔巴罗Kabupaten亚齐Besar地区。
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引用次数: 0
TABU DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT INGIN JAYA ACEH BESAR
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.10150
Muhammad Chaizir
Taboo is something forbidden to do which is still believed and practiced within the community even though people already live in the modern world and face globalization. Belief on taboo has long since existed from one generation to another. This study aimed to describe taboos in the community life of the people in Ingin Jaya Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The study used field research approach with the qualitative method. The primary source of data came from interview, observation, and documentation. Library research was also carried out to support the data. The findings showed that the people of Ingin Jaya still believe various types of taboos. There are taboos involving hard and sharp objects such as prohibition in buying nails, needles, any hard/metal objects, and salt at night, prohibition in sitting under the stairs or at the door, and prohibition in sleeping under the open sky or no roof. The belief on taboos occurs due to two factors. The internal factors include family, education, and religious knowledge, while the external factor includes the socio-culture of the community which exists over generations. The community’s belief on taboos affects the people’ religious experiences in which the people tend to feel comfortable, safe, and secure whenever they follow the social rules by not violating those taboos.
禁忌是指即使人们已经生活在现代世界并面临全球化,但在社区内仍然相信和实践的被禁止的事情。对禁忌的信仰由来已久,代代相传。本研究旨在描述亚齐Besar区Ingin Jaya街道人民社区生活中的禁忌。本研究采用实地调查的方法和定性研究方法。数据的主要来源是访谈、观察和文献。为了支持这些数据,还进行了图书馆研究。调查结果表明,Ingin Jaya的人们仍然相信各种各样的禁忌。有涉及硬和尖锐物品的禁忌,如禁止在晚上购买钉子、针、任何硬/金属物品和盐,禁止坐在楼梯下或门口,禁止在露天或没有屋顶的地方睡觉。禁忌信仰的产生有两个原因。内部因素包括家庭、教育和宗教知识,而外部因素包括世代存在的社区社会文化。社会对禁忌的信仰影响着人们的宗教体验,人们只要遵守社会规则,不违反这些禁忌,就会感到舒适、安全、有保障。
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引用次数: 1
MEMORI TRAUMA DALAM FILM G30S/PKI: SEBUAH INTERPRETASI TEOLOGIS G30S/PKI电影中的创伤记忆:神学解释
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.22373/arj.v1i2.10689
John C. Simon
This article is motivated by the polemic surrounding watching the G30S/PKI film. The purpose of writing is to find new insights from film as one of the artifacts of popular culture: where film is a mirror of oneself, even a mirror of a nation. Through an effort to analyze the film Peng betrayan G30S/PKI, we capture a moral message about the gripping culture of a society that has suffered from chronic and traumatic historical wounds for so long. Through this film, we find a picture of power that appears as an “interpretation regime”, which monopolizes and controls the interpretation of the world of signs and symbols, namely the G30S/PKI film, so that the truth is bent for the sake of political propaganda. With a qualitative method, this paper intends to construct emancipatory meanings through reading films that speak of small narratives that function as trauma healers, and whose presence becomes an opponent for the domination of the big narratives of a nation's history. The results of this study confirm that the trauma passed down from generation to generation is faced not by running from it, but rather by facing it, re-watching it, making it a mirror of our own modesty in the past. It can be concluded that the narrative of a film is a means to restore spiritual shame, so that we can appreciate the shame of failing before God, to be restored and empowered again as a new human being.
这篇文章的动机是围绕观看G30S/PKI电影的争论。写作的目的是从作为大众文化产物之一的电影中找到新的见解:电影是自己的一面镜子,甚至是一个国家的一面镜子。通过对电影《彭背叛G30S/PKI》的分析,我们抓住了一个道德信息,即一个长期遭受慢性和创伤性历史创伤的社会的扣人心弦的文化。通过这部影片,我们发现了一种权力的画面,它以一种“解释政权”的形式出现,垄断和控制着对符号和符号世界的解释,即G30S/PKI电影,为了政治宣传而歪曲真相。本文试图以定性的方法,通过阅读电影来建构解放的意义,这些电影讲述了作为创伤治疗者的小叙事,它们的存在成为一个国家历史大叙事统治的对手。这项研究的结果证实,面对代代相传的创伤,我们不是逃避它,而是面对它,重新审视它,使它成为我们自己过去谦虚的一面镜子。可以得出结论,电影的叙事是一种恢复精神上的羞耻的手段,使我们能够欣赏在上帝面前失败的羞耻,作为一个新的人重新得到恢复和授权。
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引用次数: 0
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