Fragmentation in energy sustainability (ES) research and potential academic-policy misalignment impede global ES progress. This dual challenge motivates the innovations of this work: to synthesize ES literature and examine the academic-policy alignment. Theoretically, it enriches academic discourse by integrating dispersed ES research and offering new perspectives on the academia–policy divide. Practically, it identifies opportunities to help researchers address critical gaps and supports policymakers in designing effective measures to bridge this divide. Methodologically, we combine bibliometric and content analyses to map the ES research landscape, and employ a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model to quantify academia–policy alignment. Key findings reveal: (1) ES research is geographically concentrated in China and Europe; (2) while the definition of ES has evolved from narrow focus on sustainability to include inclusivity, accessibility, affordability, and energy efficiency, resilience remains underrepresented despite its importance for reflecting dynamic nature of ES; (3) three primary assessment frameworks prevail: social–economic–environmental, energy security–equity–environmental sustainability, and SDG-based framework; (4) while MCDM is the most common evaluation tool, dynamic methods such as predictive modelling are urgently needed; (5) Drivers of ES span economic, technological, political, and environmental dimensions, with social factors often overlooked; (6) CCD analysis reveals a U-shaped pattern in China, indicating alternating leadership between academia and policy, whereas France and Poland demonstrate steady CCD growth led by academic research. Conversely, the U.S. presents fluctuating CCD, where academic research is frequently disrupted by policy volatility. These patterns inform context-specific recommendations for improving academia-policy alignment.
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