Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103942
Pipiet Larasatie , Emily Jones , Eric Hansen , Siegfried Lewark
With increasing world population, it is critical to manage global forests for sustaining both human and natural systems and this requires highly educated, professional foresters. However, there are concerning lackluster enrollment trends due to negative public impressions of unsustainable practices and a lack of social diversity (e.g., gender and race/ethnicity). As inequality can shape academic and scientific practice in forest-related fields at different levels, this study aims to identify forms of inequality by utilizing a qualitative, systematic review method manifested in the forest-related higher education literature. Results are then discussed regarding how forest-related higher education can be transformed into a mechanism for more inclusive collaboration and knowledge production. Forest-related educational programs should be strategically developed to align with current and potential emerging demand for employment expertise in the field of forestry. These programs should focus on the cultivation of professional foresters, enabling them to effectively address evolving challenges in natural resources management. The forest-related education sector should also prioritize the ongoing enhancement of human diversity.
{"title":"A wake-up call? A review of inequality based on the forest-related higher education literature","authors":"Pipiet Larasatie , Emily Jones , Eric Hansen , Siegfried Lewark","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing world population, it is critical to manage global forests for sustaining both human and natural systems and this requires highly educated, professional foresters. However, there are concerning lackluster enrollment trends due to negative public impressions of unsustainable practices and a lack of social diversity (e.g., gender and race/ethnicity). As inequality can shape academic and scientific practice in forest-related fields at different levels, this study aims to identify forms of inequality by utilizing a qualitative, systematic review method manifested in the forest-related higher education literature. Results are then discussed regarding how forest-related higher education can be transformed into a mechanism for more inclusive collaboration and knowledge production. Forest-related educational programs should be strategically developed to align with current and potential emerging demand for employment expertise in the field of forestry. These programs should focus on the cultivation of professional foresters, enabling them to effectively address evolving challenges in natural resources management. The forest-related education sector should also prioritize the ongoing enhancement of human diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmaceutical pollution has raised concerns about how these contaminants affect ecosystems. Data to assess the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals exist but are dispersed and not always publicly accessible. To address this issue, the European Commission recently proposed to develop a data source for human medicinal products, involving relevant stakeholders, including healthcare and industry representatives. The aim of our study was to define the user requirements for such a database on pharmaceuticals in the environment (PiE). We reached out to over 100 professionals that work on PiE, asking what data should be incorporated in the database and what features it should have. The results show that most stakeholders are affected by data gaps, mainly related to ecotoxicity, monitoring, transformation products, metabolites and removal rates in wastewater treatment plants. Interest in the mechanism of action of active pharmaceutical ingredients was specifically expressed by the pharma sector, including stakeholders related to the authorisation, production and use of medicines. Researchers and stakeholders dealing with environmental and water quality have greater interest for mass spectrum data, modelled environmental concentrations and data on transformation products and metabolites. While showing that the key actors working on PiE strongly endorse the development of an accessible and transparent database, we provide recommendations for creating such a data repository on pharmaceuticals.
药物污染引起了人们对这些污染物如何影响生态系统的关注。评估药品环境风险的数据是存在的，但这些数据比较分散，而且并不总是可以公开获取。为解决这一问题，欧盟委员会最近提议开发一个人类医药产品数据源，让相关利益方（包括医疗保健和行业代表）参与其中。我们研究的目的是确定用户对环境中的药品 (PiE) 数据库的要求。我们联系了 100 多名从事 PiE 工作的专业人士，询问数据库中应包含哪些数据以及数据库应具备哪些功能。结果显示，大多数利益相关者都受到数据缺口的影响，主要涉及生态毒性、监测、转化产物、代谢物和污水处理厂的去除率。制药行业（包括与药品授权、生产和使用相关的利益相关方）特别表达了对活性药物成分作用机理的兴趣。负责环境和水质问题的研究人员和利益相关者则对质谱数据、模拟环境浓度以及转化产物和代谢物数据更感兴趣。在表明从事 PiE 工作的主要参与者强烈支持开发一个可访问且透明的数据库的同时，我们还为创建这样一个药品数据存储库提供了建议。
{"title":"A database on pharmaceuticals in the environment: What do stakeholders need?","authors":"Cristiana Cannata , Rodrigo Vidaurre , Ad M.J. Ragas , Caroline T.A. Moermond","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical pollution has raised concerns about how these contaminants affect ecosystems. Data to assess the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals exist but are dispersed and not always publicly accessible. To address this issue, the European Commission recently proposed to develop a data source for human medicinal products, involving relevant stakeholders, including healthcare and industry representatives. The aim of our study was to define the user requirements for such a database on pharmaceuticals in the environment (PiE). We reached out to over 100 professionals that work on PiE, asking what data should be incorporated in the database and what features it should have. The results show that most stakeholders are affected by data gaps, mainly related to ecotoxicity, monitoring, transformation products, metabolites and removal rates in wastewater treatment plants. Interest in the mechanism of action of active pharmaceutical ingredients was specifically expressed by the pharma sector, including stakeholders related to the authorisation, production and use of medicines. Researchers and stakeholders dealing with environmental and water quality have greater interest for mass spectrum data, modelled environmental concentrations and data on transformation products and metabolites. While showing that the key actors working on PiE strongly endorse the development of an accessible and transparent database, we provide recommendations for creating such a data repository on pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103941
Haleigh N. Summers , Tiffanie F. Stone , Loulou C. Dickey , Chris R. Rehmann , Emily K. Zimmerman , John C. Tyndall , Lu Liu
Barriers to affordable, accessible, high-quality food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) harm social equity. Connections within and across FEWS suggest that co-occurring barriers to equity can compound vulnerability. We hypothesized that barriers to FEW resources are strongly associated with geographic location, both within and across FEWS, as they rely heavily on localized sociopolitical and natural environments. This study explored the geographic relationships between FEWS barriers and social equity through a spatial analysis of census tracts within the United States. Cluster analyses showed that all FEWS barriers had a positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.12–0.94), with energy barriers being the most spatially clustered and affordability barriers being the least spatially clustered. In 54 % of census tracts, we observed the co-occurrence of low barriers to water quality and access. Barriers to FEWS affordability almost always co-occurred in parallel (e.g., high barriers to affordability in one system co-occurred with high barriers to affordability in another system). Finally, we developed a spatial index of the barriers to FEWS equity to determine vulnerability at the census tract scale, which had a positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.41). Clusters and intersections of FEWS equity barriers suggest that resources are interconnected, resulting in additional challenges for people living in these areas. The maps of barriers to equity in FEWS are useful tools that could help stakeholders (e.g., federal agencies, city planners, utilities) distribute FEWS resources fairly and begin engagement with communities about FEWS barriers in their local context.
可负担、可获得的高质量食品、能源和水系统（FEWS）的障碍会损害社会公平。粮食、能源和水系统内部和之间的联系表明，同时存在的公平障碍会加剧脆弱性。我们假设，在 FEWS 内部和 FEWS 之间，获得 FEW 资源的障碍与地理位置密切相关，因为它们在很大程度上依赖于当地的社会政治和自然环境。本研究通过对美国人口普查区的空间分析，探讨了家庭预警系统障碍与社会公平之间的地理关系。聚类分析显示，所有的粮食预警系统障碍都具有正的空间自相关性（莫兰氏 I = 0.12-0.94），其中能源障碍的空间聚类最大，而负担能力障碍的空间聚类最小。在 54% 的人口普查区中，我们观察到水质和用水障碍同时存在。与供水系统可负担性相关的障碍几乎总是同时存在（例如，一个系统中的高可负担性障碍与另一个系统中的高可负担性障碍同时存在）。最后，我们开发了一个用于确定人口普查区脆弱性的家庭预警系统公平性障碍空间指数，该指数具有正空间自相关性（莫伦 I = 0.41）。FEWS 公平障碍的集群和交叉表明，资源是相互关联的，这给生活在这些地区的人们带来了额外的挑战。FEWS 公平障碍地图是有用的工具，可帮助利益相关者（如联邦机构、城市规划者、公用事业）公平分配 FEWS 资源，并开始与社区就其当地环境中的 FEWS 障碍进行接触。
{"title":"Mapping barriers to food, energy, and water systems equity in the United States","authors":"Haleigh N. Summers , Tiffanie F. Stone , Loulou C. Dickey , Chris R. Rehmann , Emily K. Zimmerman , John C. Tyndall , Lu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barriers to affordable, accessible, high-quality food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) harm social equity. Connections within and across FEWS suggest that co-occurring barriers to equity can compound vulnerability. We hypothesized that barriers to FEW resources are strongly associated with geographic location, both within and across FEWS, as they rely heavily on localized sociopolitical and natural environments. This study explored the geographic relationships between FEWS barriers and social equity through a spatial analysis of census tracts within the United States. Cluster analyses showed that all FEWS barriers had a positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.12–0.94), with energy barriers being the most spatially clustered and affordability barriers being the least spatially clustered. In 54 % of census tracts, we observed the co-occurrence of low barriers to water quality and access. Barriers to FEWS affordability almost always co-occurred in parallel (e.g., high barriers to affordability in one system co-occurred with high barriers to affordability in another system). Finally, we developed a spatial index of the barriers to FEWS equity to determine vulnerability at the census tract scale, which had a positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.41). Clusters and intersections of FEWS equity barriers suggest that resources are interconnected, resulting in additional challenges for people living in these areas. The maps of barriers to equity in FEWS are useful tools that could help stakeholders (e.g., federal agencies, city planners, utilities) distribute FEWS resources fairly and begin engagement with communities about FEWS barriers in their local context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103918
Katarina Inga , Peter M. Rudberg , Rasmus Kløcker Larsen
The collaborative water governance literature, especially that concerned with trust, has paid scant attention to Indigenous Peoples. In this paper, we present the results from a survey targeting the Sámi population in Sweden, exploring trust in key state and industry actors in the governance of hydropower. The results demonstrate a widespread signal of low trust, which is correlated with a confluence of factors: a strong concern with negative impacts from hydropower on Sámi culture, experiences of limited opportunities to influence decisions, and a perceived low competence as well as limiting attitude from governance actors. Regarding the role of demographic variables, we report on some notable deviations from previous research about institutional trust. We discuss how collaborative governance initiatives often-times are launched to strengthen trust, but that design and implementation failures can, counter-productively, serve to erode trust among Indigenous constituencies. If Sámi trust is to be strengthened, then it will require state authorities and hydropower companies to genuinely engage with Sámi rights claims and ensure influence in decision-making. Our findings also have direct policy relevance, pointing to the need for a steep learning curve if the pending review of hydropower licenses, launched by the Swedish government, is to play a meaningful role in addressing past and ongoing impacts of hydropower on the Sámi People.
{"title":"Sámi trust in hydropower governance: A survey study","authors":"Katarina Inga , Peter M. Rudberg , Rasmus Kløcker Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The collaborative water governance literature, especially that concerned with trust, has paid scant attention to Indigenous Peoples. In this paper, we present the results from a survey targeting the Sámi population in Sweden, exploring trust in key state and industry actors in the governance of hydropower. The results demonstrate a widespread signal of low trust, which is correlated with a confluence of factors: a strong concern with negative impacts from hydropower on Sámi culture, experiences of limited opportunities to influence decisions, and a perceived low competence as well as limiting attitude from governance actors. Regarding the role of demographic variables, we report on some notable deviations from previous research about institutional trust. We discuss how collaborative governance initiatives often-times are launched to strengthen trust, but that design and implementation failures can, counter-productively, serve to erode trust among Indigenous constituencies. If Sámi trust is to be strengthened, then it will require state authorities and hydropower companies to genuinely engage with Sámi rights claims and ensure influence in decision-making. Our findings also have direct policy relevance, pointing to the need for a steep learning curve if the pending review of hydropower licenses, launched by the Swedish government, is to play a meaningful role in addressing past and ongoing impacts of hydropower on the Sámi People.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103940
Dr. Laurie Waller , Dr. David Moats , Dr. Emily Cox , Dr. Rob Bellamy
This paper presents a device-centred approach to deliberation, developed in deliberative workshops appraising methods for removing carbon dioxide from the air. Our approach involved deploying the Large Language Model application ChatGPT (sometimes termed “generative AI”) to elicit questions and generate texts about carbon removal. We develop the notion of the “questionable” device to foreground the informational unruliness ChatGPT introduced into the deliberations. The analysis highlights occasions where the deliberative apparatus became a focus of collective critique, including over: issue definitions, expert-curated resources, lay identities and social classifications. However, in this set-up ChatGPT was all too often engaged unquestioningly as an instrument for informing discussion; its instrumental lure disguising the unruliness it introduced into the workshops. In concluding, we elaborate the notion of questionable devices and reflect on the way carbon removal has been “devised” as a field in want of informed deliberation.
{"title":"Questionable devices: Applying a large language model to deliberate carbon removal","authors":"Dr. Laurie Waller , Dr. David Moats , Dr. Emily Cox , Dr. Rob Bellamy","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a device-centred approach to deliberation, developed in deliberative workshops appraising methods for removing carbon dioxide from the air. Our approach involved deploying the Large Language Model application ChatGPT (sometimes termed “generative AI”) to elicit questions and generate texts about carbon removal. We develop the notion of the “questionable” device to foreground the informational unruliness ChatGPT introduced into the deliberations. The analysis highlights occasions where the deliberative apparatus became a focus of collective critique, including over: issue definitions, expert-curated resources, lay identities and social classifications. However, in this set-up ChatGPT was all too often engaged unquestioningly as an instrument for informing discussion; its instrumental lure disguising the unruliness it introduced into the workshops. In concluding, we elaborate the notion of questionable devices and reflect on the way carbon removal has been “devised” as a field in want of informed deliberation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103936
Corinna Zeitfogel , Tim Daw , David Collste
How climate change is framed within CAs is critical for both the democratic legitimacy and transformative potential of CAs. Narrow technical frames can exclude valid perspectives and policy options and close down debate on broader systemic and potentially more transformative issues. Conversely, such ‘system-supporting’ framings may yield more specific and applicable policy recommendations, increasing the likelihood of implementation. In this study, we present a framework and approach to analyse framings in climate assemblies. We apply this framework to examine the evidence provided to a German, a UK and a Global citizen assembly. Our analysis suggests that despite differences in scale, remit and commissioning bodies, evidence in these three assemblies had a similar range of framings. General evidence most frequently incorporated frames related to safety, governance, and fairness. Although all assemblies incorporated some degree of system-challenging frames, many of them were used little. Topic-specific evidence on energy in both the German and UK assemblies almost exclusively used energy technologies frames, potentially at the expense of critical perspectives. Interestingly, we did not observe major differences in the amount of system-challenging frames used between the assemblies commissioned by civil society actors and those commissioned by parliament; however, we observed some differences in the way some frames were used. We propose that integrating system-challenging frames with actionable steps could enhance the transformative potential of future assemblies. Our framework can be used to study how the framing of evidence influences deliberations and outcomes and to assess assemblies’ claims to provide balanced information.
如何在 CA 中确定气候变化的框架对于 CA 的民主合法性和变革潜力都至关重要。狭隘的技术框架可能会排除有效的观点和政策选择，关闭对更广泛的系统性问题和可能更具变革性问题的辩论。相反，这种 "系统支持 "框架可能会产生更具体、更适用的政策建议，从而提高实施的可能性。在本研究中，我们提出了一个分析气候大会框架的框架和方法。我们运用这一框架来研究向德国、英国和全球公民大会提供的证据。我们的分析表明，尽管在规模、职权范围和委托机构方面存在差异，但这三个大会中的证据具有相似的框架。一般证据最常包含与安全、治理和公平相关的框架。虽然所有会议都在一定程度上采用了挑战系统的框架，但其中许多框架很少使用。在德国和英国议会中，有关能源的特定主题证据几乎都使用了能源技术框架，这可能牺牲了批判性视角。有趣的是，我们并没有观察到民间社会行动者委托的议会与议会委托的议会在系统挑战框架的使用量上存在重大差异；但是，我们观察到某些框架的使用方式存在一些差异。我们建议，将挑战制度的框架与可操作的步骤相结合，可以增强未来大会的变革潜力。我们的框架可用于研究证据框架如何影响审议和审议结果，以及评估大会关于提供平衡信息的主张。
{"title":"What do you mean 'Climate Change'? An analysis of climate change framings in three climate assemblies","authors":"Corinna Zeitfogel , Tim Daw , David Collste","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How climate change is framed within CAs is critical for both the democratic legitimacy and transformative potential of CAs. Narrow technical frames can exclude valid perspectives and policy options and close down debate on broader systemic and potentially more transformative issues. Conversely, such ‘system-supporting’ framings may yield more specific and applicable policy recommendations, increasing the likelihood of implementation. In this study, we present a framework and approach to analyse framings in climate assemblies. We apply this framework to examine the evidence provided to a German, a UK and a Global citizen assembly. Our analysis suggests that despite differences in scale, remit and commissioning bodies, evidence in these three assemblies had a similar range of framings. General evidence most frequently incorporated frames related to safety, governance, and fairness. Although all assemblies incorporated some degree of system-challenging frames, many of them were used little. Topic-specific evidence on energy in both the German and UK assemblies almost exclusively used energy technologies frames, potentially at the expense of critical perspectives. Interestingly, we did not observe major differences in the amount of system-challenging frames used between the assemblies commissioned by civil society actors and those commissioned by parliament; however, we observed some differences in the way some frames were used. We propose that integrating system-challenging frames with actionable steps could enhance the transformative potential of future assemblies. Our framework can be used to study how the framing of evidence influences deliberations and outcomes and to assess assemblies’ claims to provide balanced information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103934
Walef Pena Guedes , Bruna Angela Branchi , Cibele Roberta Sugahara , Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira
Addressing climate justice involves recognizing the disparities in climate change impacts, identifying the most vulnerable groups, and prioritizing adaptation strategies to support them. Since the patriarchal societal structure influences these inequalities, this paper focuses on how gender intersects with climate (in)justice. Following the PRISMA protocol, 49 out of 134 English articles selected from Scopus and Web of Science databases, published between 2012 and May 2023, were included in the review. As a result, we categorized the studies into three major themes of theoretical developments: (i) Climate justice strategies, adaptation, and governance, (ii) Intersectionality and climate justice, (iii) Activism and movements for climate justice. The results draw attention to the regions of the global South, as well as to low-income women and specific feminist approaches such as ecofeminism. These categories present valuable opportunities to enhance understanding and action at the intersection of climate issues, social justice, and gender. Climate justice cannot be fully achieved without including a gender perspective.
{"title":"Gender-based climate (in)justice: An overview","authors":"Walef Pena Guedes , Bruna Angela Branchi , Cibele Roberta Sugahara , Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing climate justice involves recognizing the disparities in climate change impacts, identifying the most vulnerable groups, and prioritizing adaptation strategies to support them. Since the patriarchal societal structure influences these inequalities, this paper focuses on how gender intersects with climate (in)justice. Following the PRISMA protocol, 49 out of 134 English articles selected from Scopus and Web of Science databases, published between 2012 and May 2023, were included in the review. As a result, we categorized the studies into three major themes of theoretical developments: (<em>i</em>) Climate justice strategies, adaptation, and governance, (<em>ii</em>) Intersectionality and climate justice, (<em>iii</em>) Activism and movements for climate justice. The results draw attention to the regions of the global South, as well as to low-income women and specific feminist approaches such as ecofeminism. These categories present valuable opportunities to enhance understanding and action at the intersection of climate issues, social justice, and gender. Climate justice cannot be fully achieved without including a gender perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103922
Jochen Krattenmacher , Romain Espinosa , Edel Sanders , Richard Twine , William J. Ripple
We critically analyzed the "Dublin Declaration of Scientists on the Societal Role of Livestock" (DD), a document promoting animal farming, and its implications for public discourse and policy. Our analysis reveals that the DD is scientifically problematic, particularly in its neglect of issues such as meat overconsumption in high-income countries and the dominance of industrial animal production, thereby downplaying associated risks and harms. We also show that the DD’s authors essentially suggest that societies should simply rely on technological progress to fix any “challenges” associated with the sector, a suggestion that aligns with the authors’ private interests. We identify several academically questionable practices, including denial of credentials to dissenting actors, omission of significant conflicts of interest, and excessive self-edition and self-citation, all while purporting to provide a scientific and balanced overview. Relatedly, we bring into view conflicts of interests of the Irish semi-state authority Teagasc, which hosted a DD-related summit, and of Animal Frontiers and the animal production science associations behind it, which published a special issue edited by the DD’s authors containing the DD. We explore potential responsibilities by these organizations, the DD’s authors, and Nature Food, which published a follow-up correspondence by two of the DD’s authors. Our perspective contributes to the growing literature exposing the influence of the meat industry on science and its representation in public discourse. We discuss broader policy measures to mitigate and counteract this influence.
{"title":"The Dublin Declaration: Gain for the Meat Industry, Loss for Science","authors":"Jochen Krattenmacher , Romain Espinosa , Edel Sanders , Richard Twine , William J. Ripple","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We critically analyzed the \"Dublin Declaration of Scientists on the Societal Role of Livestock\" (DD), a document promoting animal farming, and its implications for public discourse and policy. Our analysis reveals that the DD is scientifically problematic, particularly in its neglect of issues such as meat overconsumption in high-income countries and the dominance of industrial animal production, thereby downplaying associated risks and harms. We also show that the DD’s authors essentially suggest that societies should simply rely on technological progress to fix any “challenges” associated with the sector, a suggestion that aligns with the authors’ private interests. We identify several academically questionable practices, including denial of credentials to dissenting actors, omission of significant conflicts of interest, and excessive self-edition and self-citation, all while purporting to provide a scientific and balanced overview. Relatedly, we bring into view conflicts of interests of the Irish semi-state authority Teagasc, which hosted a DD-related summit, and of <em>Animal Frontiers</em> and the animal production science associations behind it, which published a special issue edited by the DD’s authors containing the DD. We explore potential responsibilities by these organizations, the DD’s authors, and <em>Nature Food</em>, which published a follow-up correspondence by two of the DD’s authors. Our perspective contributes to the growing literature exposing the influence of the meat industry on science and its representation in public discourse. We discuss broader policy measures to mitigate and counteract this influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103932
Wenyuan Liang , Bas Arts , Annah Lake Zhu , Jiayun Dong
The relationship between upholding forestland property rights and achieving environmental conservation is not always straightforward. Occasionally, property rights can be undermined in the pursuit of environmental conservation. This article adopts the concept of “rule of mandates” to explain how a Chinese reform of property rights over forestland, namely the Collective Forest Tenure Reform (CFTR) initiated in 2003, was subsequently undermined under the discourse of Ecological Civilization. In doing so, the article updates the framework for analysing policy implementation under the rule of mandates. Unlike the rule of law, the rule of mandates enables a government to assign a set of mandates that are ambiguous, contradictory, and with hierarchical priorities. Under the top-down authoritarian hierarchy, lower-level governments are obliged to implement the high-priority mandates of higher-level government. Tracing the forest governance dynamics of two counties in Fujian province from 2010 to 2019, the case study reveals that, in the early 2010s, the central government prioritized environmental conservation over forestland property rights under the discourse of Ecological Civilization. At local levels, this manifested in undermining property rights through restricted timber harvest levels for the sake of environmental conservation. Unlike policy implementation under the rule of law, restrictions on timber harvest were implemented by direct government mandates. This analysis points to the vulnerability of property rights under the rule of mandates. In a developing country context characterized by pressing environmental concerns and a dysfunctional rule of law, this study demonstrates the challenges of prioritizing environmental conservation over legal tenure.
{"title":"The mandate of “heaven”: How forestland property rights were undermined under the Chinese discourse of Ecological Civilization","authors":"Wenyuan Liang , Bas Arts , Annah Lake Zhu , Jiayun Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between upholding forestland property rights and achieving environmental conservation is not always straightforward. Occasionally, property rights can be undermined in the pursuit of environmental conservation. This article adopts the concept of “rule of mandates” to explain how a Chinese reform of property rights over forestland, namely the Collective Forest Tenure Reform (CFTR) initiated in 2003, was subsequently undermined under the discourse of Ecological Civilization. In doing so, the article updates the framework for analysing policy implementation under the rule of mandates. Unlike the rule of law, the rule of mandates enables a government to assign a set of mandates that are ambiguous, contradictory, and with hierarchical priorities. Under the top-down authoritarian hierarchy, lower-level governments are obliged to implement the high-priority mandates of higher-level government. Tracing the forest governance dynamics of two counties in Fujian province from 2010 to 2019, the case study reveals that, in the early 2010s, the central government prioritized environmental conservation over forestland property rights under the discourse of Ecological Civilization. At local levels, this manifested in undermining property rights through restricted timber harvest levels for the sake of environmental conservation. Unlike policy implementation under the rule of law, restrictions on timber harvest were implemented by direct government mandates. This analysis points to the vulnerability of property rights under the rule of mandates. In a developing country context characterized by pressing environmental concerns and a dysfunctional rule of law, this study demonstrates the challenges of prioritizing environmental conservation over legal tenure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103931
Walter Leal Filho , Yara Martinelli , Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis , Clarissa Rosa , Cassiano Gustavo Messias
The Yanomami are an Amazonian Indigenous people in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. The Yanomami are considered a ‘recent contact Indigenous People’, with the first contacts with non-indigenous recorded between 1910 and 1940 and with some groups in voluntary isolation. They are one of the resilient peoples that practise their traditional way of life, which involves a strong connection to the land and the environment. Following an expert-driven literature review based on a set of available documentation on the Brazilian Indigenous Peoples, focusing on the overlapping threats that affect Indigenous Lands and triangulating the information collected with data produced on Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Monitoring Program by Satellite (PRODES) within the Space Research National Institute (INPE), this communication presents a case analysis of the main pressures and threats Yanomami People faces. The overlapped threats manifest in structural and cyclical issues, linked to the environmental crisis arising from extractives’ illegal activities, such as logging, and mining invasions, the recurrent attacks, mercury contamination of the river water, malnutrition caused by contaminated fish, scarcity of hunting, and violence committed against the people, especially women and children. Added to these multiple social, political, and environmental threats are the impacts of climate change, which disproportionately affect forest peoples. Deforestation, fires, drought, and other extreme events that are linked to climate change effects are analysed, leading to reflections on Brazilian government policies' influence and on the urgency to implement policies in defence of Indigenous Lands, the Amazon Forest, and its guardians.
{"title":"Climate change and environmental degradation in Yanomami People’s Land: Intersectional threats and the need for improved policy-making","authors":"Walter Leal Filho , Yara Martinelli , Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis , Clarissa Rosa , Cassiano Gustavo Messias","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yanomami are an Amazonian Indigenous people in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. The Yanomami are considered a ‘recent contact Indigenous People’, with the first contacts with non-indigenous recorded between 1910 and 1940 and with some groups in voluntary isolation. They are one of the resilient peoples that practise their traditional way of life, which involves a strong connection to the land and the environment. Following an expert-driven literature review based on a set of available documentation on the Brazilian Indigenous Peoples, focusing on the overlapping threats that affect Indigenous Lands and triangulating the information collected with data produced on Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Monitoring Program by Satellite (PRODES) within the Space Research National Institute (INPE), this communication presents a case analysis of the main pressures and threats Yanomami People faces. The overlapped threats manifest in structural and cyclical issues, linked to the environmental crisis arising from extractives’ illegal activities, such as logging, and mining invasions, the recurrent attacks, mercury contamination of the river water, malnutrition caused by contaminated fish, scarcity of hunting, and violence committed against the people, especially women and children. Added to these multiple social, political, and environmental threats are the impacts of climate change, which disproportionately affect forest peoples. Deforestation, fires, drought, and other extreme events that are linked to climate change effects are analysed, leading to reflections on Brazilian government policies' influence and on the urgency to implement policies in defence of Indigenous Lands, the Amazon Forest, and its guardians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":313,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Policy","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 103931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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