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How can bottom-up citizen science restore public trust in environmental governance and sciences? Recommendations from three case studies 自下而上的公民科学如何恢复公众对环境治理和科学的信任?三个案例研究的建议
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103854

Citizen science is currently at the forefront of environmental scientific research and public policy for its potential to improve environmental governance, restore epistemic trust and help address some of the most stressing environmental challenges. Although citizen science is gaining increasing popularity, there is little empirical evidence to support these claims and demonstrate how bottom-up citizen science shapes public trust in environmental governance and science. In this paper we reflect on three grassroot environmental citizen science initiatives in Cameroon, Japan, and the UK to identify and present an instrumental framework which includes trustee attributes and conditions that influence how epistemic trust is shaped, and which should inform citizen science and other participatory practices. We explain that citizen science is an approach which enables political processes through the construction of well-informed techno-scientific arguments, which expose deficit assumptions about the public’s ability to participate in knowledge co-production process. To avoid repeating the failures of the past and risk amplifying issues of public distrust further, we provide suggestions built around key trustee attributes which can be incorporated in citizen science practices and we urge that environmental policy needs to create clear policy frameworks to enable the generation of actionable data, especially when such approaches are initiated and implemented as instrumental public participation methods.

公民科学目前处于环境科学研究和公共政策的前沿,因为它具有改善环境治理、恢复认识信任和帮助解决一些最紧迫的环境挑战的潜力。尽管公民科学越来越受欢迎,但几乎没有经验证据来支持这些说法,也没有证据表明自下而上的公民科学如何影响公众对环境治理和科学的信任。在本文中,我们对喀麦隆、日本和英国的三项草根环境公民科学倡议进行了反思,以确定并提出一个工具性框架,其中包括影响认识信任如何形成的受托人属性和条件,公民科学和其他参与性实践也应借鉴这一框架。我们解释说,公民科学是一种通过构建充分知情的技术科学论据来推动政治进程的方法,这些论据揭示了关于公众参与知识共同生产过程能力的不足假设。为了避免重蹈覆辙,并避免进一步扩大公众不信任的风险,我们围绕公民科学实践中可纳入的关键受托人属性提出了建议,并敦促环境政策需要建立明确的政策框架,以便生成可操作的数据,尤其是在此类方法作为工具性公众参与方法启动和实施时。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing provincial environment governance efficiency in China: A multi-agents participation perspective 中国省级环境治理效率评估:多主体参与视角
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103838

Effective environmental systems have been recognized as essential to achieving sustainable development. Existing research on enhancing the effectiveness of environmental systems has predominantly focused on the improvement of various environmental governance measures, neglecting the differences in governance effects among different agents in environmental governance. Taking China as an example, we study the environmental governance efficiency (EGE) of four agents including central government, local government, enterprises, and the public. To reflect the characteristics of China’s environmental governance system, namely, the government takes the lead and enterprises and the public participate together, a nested leader-follower game network data envelopment analysis is proposed. The results of 30 provinces from 2009 to 2018 show that although China’s average EGE has improved, it is only 0.528 in 2018, with a large room for improvement. Moreover, the gap of EGEs among areas is gradually increasing, especially between the eastern area and the middle and western areas. Furthermore, the gap among provinces in the eastern area has narrowed, while the opposite is true in the western area. Finally, the EGE of the central government in most provinces is consistent with that of the local government. However, there are only 7 provinces whose EGEs of four agents are above the average. The policy recommendations are proposed accordingly.

有效的环境系统被认为是实现可持续发展的关键。现有关于提高环境系统有效性的研究主要集中在各种环境治理措施的改进上,忽视了环境治理中不同主体在治理效果上的差异。以中国为例,我们研究了中央政府、地方政府、企业和公众等四个主体的环境治理效率(EGE)。为反映我国环境治理体系中政府主导、企业和公众共同参与的特点,提出了嵌套的领导者-追随者博弈网络数据包络分析法。对 2009 年至 2018 年 30 个省份的研究结果表明,虽然我国平均 EGE 有所提高,但 2018 年仅为 0.528,还有较大的提升空间。而且,地区间的EGE差距逐渐拉大,尤其是东部地区与中西部地区之间的差距更大。此外,东部地区各省之间的差距有所缩小,而西部地区则相反。最后,大多数省份的中央政府与地方政府的经济平等指数是一致的。然而,只有 7 个省份的四个代理人的经济平等指数高于平均水平。据此提出政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
Dutch municipalities tackling climate change adaptation to heat stress through mainstreaming across sectors 荷兰市政当局通过跨部门主流化应对气候变化,适应热压力
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103845

As climate change accelerates, adapting to heat stress means preventing excess deaths, increased healthcare costs, reduced productivity, and damaged infrastructure and buildings. In cities, the urban heat island effect exacerbates these impacts. Adapting to heat stress requires action by a multitude of actors in different domains, including infrastructure and building owners, health care and social workers, and vulnerable inhabitants. While there is research on heat stress adaptation by single sectors, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding heat adaptation across sectors. To contribute to bridging this knowledge gap, we answer the following research question: To what extent and how are municipalities in the Dutch Province of Overijssel mainstreaming heat stress as part of their adaptation efforts? To answer this question, we combine action-oriented research employing the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework in a Dutch municipality, with a survey conducted among 15 municipalities located in the same province. Our research identifies two major challenges. First, the implementation of heat adaptation remains limited. Second, we identified two challenges regarding mainstreaming, namely a mismatch between the responsibility of heat adaptation in the built environment vis-à-vis the health care sector, and a lack of information on vulnerable groups that makes cross-sectoral collaboration more difficult. Thus, the extent to which heat adaptation is being mainstreamed as part of municipalities’ efforts to adapt the built environment is still quite limited and heat stress management at the intersection with the health care sector remains mostly absent, leaving vulnerable groups exposed.

随着气候变化的加速,适应热应激意味着防止过多的死亡、医疗费用的增加、生产力的降低以及基础设施和建筑物的损坏。在城市,城市热岛效应加剧了这些影响。适应热应激需要不同领域的众多参与者采取行动,包括基础设施和建筑物所有者、医疗保健和社会工作者以及弱势居民。虽然有关于单个部门适应热压的研究,但关于跨部门适应热压的研究还存在很大的知识差距。为了弥补这一知识空白,我们回答了以下研究问题:为了回答这个问题,我们在荷兰的一个市镇采用了机构分析和发展框架,并在同一省的 15 个市镇中进行了调查。我们的研究发现了两大挑战。首先,热适应的实施仍然有限。其次,我们发现了两个主流化方面的挑战,即建筑环境与医疗保健部门在热适应方面的责任不匹配,以及弱势群体信息的缺乏导致跨部门合作更加困难。因此,作为市政当局调整建筑环境努力的一部分,热适应主流化的程度仍然相当有限,与医疗保健部门交叉的热应力管理仍然大多缺失,使弱势群体暴露在外。
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引用次数: 0
Harvesting “development minerals” for local needs in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Malawi 在撒哈拉以南非洲收获满足当地需求的 "发展矿产":马拉维案例
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103851

This paper critically reflects on the impact of “development minerals” on rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the case of Malawi. It does so by analysing data collected at multiple quarrying sites in Lilongwe District, with the objective of assessing how production of these commodities can help meet Malawi’s commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Findings indicate that despite their extraction being associated with environmental problems, development minerals do impact positively on the livelihoods of Malawians in rural areas where very few viable alternative income-earning opportunities. To maximise the sector’s contribution to the SDGs in Malawi, however, greater emphasis must be placed on formalising and supporting quarrying operations and other activities oriented around development minerals.

本文以马拉维为例,批判性地反思了 "开发矿产 "对撒哈拉以南非洲农村生计的影响。本文分析了在利隆圭地区多个采石场收集到的数据,目的是评估这些商品的生产如何有助于实现马拉维对可持续发展目标(SDGs)的承诺。研究结果表明,尽管开发矿产的开采与环境问题有关,但它确实对农村地区马拉维人的生计产生了积极影响,因为那里几乎没有其他可行的赚取收入的机会。然而,为了最大限度地提高该部门对马拉维可持续发展目标的贡献,必须更加重视采石业务和其他围绕开发矿物开展的活动的正规化和支持。
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引用次数: 0
The contribution of water-energy-food nexus governance to sustainability: A case study of Singapore 水-能源-食品关系治理对可持续性的贡献:新加坡案例研究
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103849

The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has been promoted as an approach to integrated governance that can increase system sustainability. However, there have been limited empirical studies that demonstrate how WEF nexus governance leads towards sustainability. Therefore, the study investigates how collaborative governance of the WEF nexus connects to sustainability in Singapore, considered one of the most sustainable cities in the world. The objective is to understand the structure of WEF nexus governance in Singapore and explore how this structure contributes towards sustainability. This study uses a case study approach with qualitative text analysis on multiple data types to address this research objective. The results show two key findings. First, the findings show that WEF nexus governance in Singapore has a collaborative governance approach at the national level but is less integrated at lower levels of governance. Second, the results show that while governance integration, including WEF nexus connections, contributes to sustainability, there are also factors beyond WEF nexus governance that contribute towards sustainability in Singapore. The study concludes that WEF nexus governance provides an opportunity for improved sustainability within the system, but WEF nexus governance alone may not be sufficient for sustainability to be realized.

水-能源-粮食(WEF)关系一直被作为一种能够提高系统可持续性的综合治理方法加以推广。然而,能证明水-能源-食品关系治理如何实现可持续性的实证研究却很有限。因此,本研究调查了被认为是世界上最可持续发展城市之一的新加坡如何将世界环境基金关系的合作治理与可持续性联系起来。研究的目的是了解新加坡的世界环境基金纽带治理结构,并探讨这一结构如何促进可持续性。本研究采用案例研究法,对多种数据类型进行定性文本分析,以实现这一研究目标。研究结果显示了两个重要发现。首先,研究结果表明,新加坡的世界环境基金纽带治理在国家层面上采用了协作治理的方法,但在较低的治理层面上整合程度较低。其次,研究结果表明,虽然治理整合(包括世界经济论坛纽带联系)有助于可持续发展,但世界经济论坛纽带治理以外的因素也有助于新加坡的可持续发展。研究得出结论,世界环境基金纽带治理为改善系统内的可持续性提供了机会,但仅靠世界环境基金纽带治理可能不足以实现可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Applying Theory of Change in research program planning: Lessons from CGIAR 在研究计划规划中应用变革理论:国际农业研究磋商组织的经验教训
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103850

Theory of Change (ToC) is widely used as a tool to support strategic planning, monitoring, and evaluation in many fields, especially for social and environmental programs. However, there is still limited documented experience with the application and use of ToC in a research context. CGIAR, a global network of 15 centers conducting international research-for-development, included a standardized ToC approach in a recent round of developing 32 large research Initiatives. This unique experience offers an ideal opportunity to learn from organization-scale ToC implementation and use. The paper provides an overview of research-for-development challenges and ToC concepts and a brief history of ToC use in CGIAR. We describe the application of ToC in this recent case and then assess strengths and weaknesses of the process and the ToCs developed as part of the Initiative proposals. CGIAR made important advances in standardizing ToC concepts and terminology, tools, and guidance, and in integrating ToC into annual reporting and evaluation. Nevertheless, many of the ToCs were insufficiently clear and specific, with substantial scope for further improvement. This is due in part to the rushed and decentralized proposal development process, undertaken during pandemic restrictions, but also reflects different mental-models of research-for-development processes and gaps in understanding and capacity. Recommendations to improve development and use of ToC include capacity development in conceptualizing research impact pathways, ensuring that research design teams have a dedicated M&E specialist paying particular attention to ToCs, improved ToC templates, and better accountability for ToC development and use over the life of a program.

变革理论(ToC)作为一种工具被广泛应用于许多领域,尤其是社会和环境项目的战略规划、监测和评估。然而,在研究领域应用和使用变革理论的文献经验仍然有限。国际农业研究磋商组织(CGIAR)是一个由 15 个开展国际发展研究的中心组成的全球网络,在最近一轮制定 32 个大型研究计划的工作中采用了标准化的 ToC 方法。这一独特的经验为我们提供了一个从组织规模的 ToC 实施和使用中学习的理想机会。本文概述了以研究促发展所面临的挑战和 ToC 概念,并简要介绍了 ToC 在国际农业研究磋商组织(CGIAR)中的应用历史。我们描述了 ToC 在最近案例中的应用,然后评估了该过程以及作为倡议提案一部分而开发的 ToC 的优缺点。国际农业研究磋商组织(CGIAR)在标准化 ToC 概念和术语、工具和指导,以及将 ToC 纳入年度报告和评估方面取得了重要进展。然而,许多 ToC 还不够明确和具体,有很大的改进余地。这部分是由于在大流行病限制期间匆忙和分散的提案制定过程造成的,但也反映了以研究促发展过程的不同思维模式以及在理解和能力方面的差距。改善 ToC 的开发和使用的建议包括:培养研究影响途径概念化方面的能力,确保研究设计团队有专门的 M&E 专家特别关注 ToC,改进 ToC 模板,以及在整个计划期间加强 ToC 开发和使用的问责制。
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引用次数: 0
A bibliographic review on anthropogenic climate change and drought 关于人为气候变化和干旱的文献综述
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103830

The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology reviewed 7561 publications, identifying 1271 relevant works published between 2014 and 2022 based on data from the Web of Science database. The PRISMA 2020 technique, with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria to minimize errors, revealed significant annual increases in publishing volume during this period. The United States and China ranked first and second in terms of publication volume and citations, while the Peoples of China and the United States ranked first in terms of publication quality. Inequalities in network density and linkages were found, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences receiving the most citations and degrees. The document co-citation analysis network was developed to increase understanding of the frequency and amplitude of bursts of different publications in distinct clusters. Seneviratne SI in Cluster 1, (2014) had the most citations (18) and the highest strength (4.81). CiteSpace’s analytical technology identifies high-frequency keywords, explores co-occurrence patterns, and highlights emerging concepts, shedding light on cutting-edge research dynamics and the impact of new ideas from policies or public events. In this review, bursts of new concepts highlight rapid growth in the field. Seneviratne SI (2014) and Seager R with Zhang Q (2015) were top contributors in citations and references. Notably, knowledge gaps exist in anthropogenic climate dynamics, environmental factors, drought risk mitigation, and attribution. Future scholars should focus on these and comparable issues, while Chinese and American authors should prioritize article quality above publication numbers.

南京信息工程大学基于Web of Science数据库的数据,查阅了7561篇论文,确定了2014年至2022年间发表的1271篇相关作品。采用PRISMA 2020技术,并制定了适当的纳入和排除标准以减少误差,结果显示这一时期的发表量每年都有显著增长。美国和中国在论文发表量和引用次数方面排名第一和第二,而中国和美国在论文发表质量方面排名第一。在网络密度和联系方面存在不平等,中国科学院获得的引用次数和学位最多。开发文献共引分析网络是为了增加对不同集群中不同出版物爆发频率和振幅的了解。群组1中的Seneviratne SI(2014年)被引用次数最多(18次),强度最高(4.81)。CiteSpace的分析技术可以识别高频关键词,探索共现模式,突出新兴概念,揭示前沿研究动态以及政策或公共事件对新观点的影响。在这篇综述中,新概念的迸发突显了该领域的快速发展。Seneviratne SI(2014 年)和 Seager R 与 Zhang Q(2015 年)在引用和参考文献方面贡献最大。值得注意的是,在人为气候动力学、环境因素、干旱风险缓解和归因方面还存在知识差距。未来的学者应关注这些问题和类似问题,而中美作者应将文章质量置于论文数量之上。
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引用次数: 0
Towards sustainable landscapes: Implementing participatory approaches in contract design for biodiversity preservation and ecosystem services in Europe 实现可持续景观:在欧洲生物多样性保护和生态系统服务合同设计中实施参与式方法
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103831

Agricultural landscapes are the result of the long-term, complex, and intermingled interfaces between nature and culture. Among the stakeholders involved in the production of agri-environmental and climate services, farmers play a crucial role, and their contribution should be duly acknowledged to promote sustainable land management. Therefore, this research aims to contribute to the participatory design of agri-environmental contracts to incentivize landscape and biodiversity practices. To achieve this goal, 13 innovation labs with multi-actor perspective were established across nine different European countries. These groups envisioned a future sustainable landscape characterized by diversity and balance of economic, socio-cultural, and environmental components. Trust-based networks and effective communication channels emerge as vital components for the success of sustainable local production systems. Practitioners emphasize the significance of European-level policies in effecting transformative change and influencing farmers'willingness to contribute to both food production and environmental public goods. They defined concrete contract features such as public funding, hybrid payments, and the presence of intermediaries for the potential of agri-environmental measures. Notably, practitioners perceive a wide range of benefits associated with the implementation of agri-environmental measures, extending beyond economic compensation. Gaining a deeper understanding of practitioners' perceptions of their territories and agri-environmental measures is crucial for policymakers to design tailored and appealing programs that resonate with practitioners'needs.

农业景观是自然与文化长期、复杂和相互交织的结果。在参与农业环境和气候服务生产的利益相关者中,农民扮演着至关重要的角色,他们的贡献应得到应有的认可,以促进可持续的土地管理。因此,本研究旨在促进农业环境合同的参与式设计,以激励景观和生物多样性实践。为实现这一目标,我们在九个不同的欧洲国家建立了 13 个具有多方视角的创新实验室。这些小组设想了未来的可持续景观,其特点是经济、社会文化和环境组成部分的多样性和平衡。以信任为基础的网络和有效的沟通渠道成为可持续地方生产系统取得成功的重要组成部分。实践者强调,欧洲层面的政策对于实现转型变革和影响农民为粮食生产和环境公益事业做出贡献的意愿具有重要意义。他们定义了具体的合同特征,如公共资金、混合支付和中介机构的存在,以挖掘农业环境措施的潜力。值得注意的是,从业者认为实施农业环境措施可带来广泛的利益,而不仅仅是经济补偿。深入了解从业者对其所在地区和农业环境措施的看法,对于政策制定者设计符合从业者需求的、有吸引力的定制计划至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Weaving scientific and local knowledge on climate change impacts in coastal Kenya, Western Indian Ocean 在西印度洋肯尼亚沿海地区编织有关气候变化影响的科学知识和当地知识
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103846

Climate change poses severe threats to coastal social-ecological systems (SES) worldwide. Recent calls recognize the importance of including Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in research on climate change impacts. Yet studies that have attempted to weave ILK and scientific knowledge have seldom considered the gendered nature of climate change impacts. Building on the literature on gender and climate change and knowledge pluralism, this study contributes to addressing this research gap by exploring local knowledge on climate change impacts and its relation to scientific knowledge through a gendered approach and focusing on the Western Indian Ocean region, and more specifically on Kenya. We adopted a mixed methodology combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. We found evidence of pronounced climate change impacts on coastal SES both in the scientific literature and in local reports. Our findings highlight that there is an extensive overlap between information derived from scientific and local knowledge systems. Importantly, our study revealed reports of change that were only provided by SSF communities, namely changes in coastal dynamics, a decrease in rainfall, and a decrease in the abundance of green algae. Although we found gendered variations in changes reported by SSF communities, gendered differences of climate change impacts on SSF were not detected in the reviewed literature. Overall, our results suggest that knowledge cross-fertilization generates a holistic, relational, and place-based view of climate change impacts, which may support sound and gender-inclusive adaptive policies. We conclude by suggesting key policy recommendations for climate adaptation and risk management

气候变化对全球沿海社会生态系统(SES)构成严重威胁。最近,人们认识到将土著和地方知识(ILK)纳入气候变化影响研究的重要性。然而,试图将土著和地方知识与科学知识相结合的研究却很少考虑气候变化影响的性别性质。本研究以性别、气候变化和知识多元化方面的文献为基础,以西印度洋地区,特别是肯尼亚为重点,通过性别化方法探讨气候变化影响方面的地方知识及其与科学知识的关系,从而弥补这一研究空白。我们采用了定性和定量相结合的混合方法。我们在科学文献和当地报告中都发现了气候变化对沿海地区社会经济地位产生明显影响的证据。我们的研究结果表明,来自科学体系和当地知识体系的信息存在广泛的重叠。重要的是,我们的研究揭示了仅由 SSF 社区提供的变化报告,即沿海动态变化、降雨量减少和绿藻数量减少。虽然我们在 SSF 群落报告的变化中发现了性别差异,但在所查阅的文献中并未发现气候变化对 SSF 影响的性别差异。总之,我们的研究结果表明,知识的相互促进产生了对气候变化影响的整体性、关联性和基于地方的观点,这可能有助于制定合理的、性别包容的适应性政策。最后,我们就气候适应和风险管理提出了主要政策建议
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness and efficiency of urban water access in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A panel directional approach 刚果民主共和国城市供水的效果和效率:小组定向法
IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103837

In the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations, countries are committed to achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. The Democratic Republic of Congo is a paradox as it owns the second-largest basin in the world while more than half of the population has no access to basic drinking water. This fact is our starting point to conduct a performance evaluation exercise of the 11 provinces from 2008 to 2019. Our approach has five distinguished features: we take account of population trends; we use a tailored and complete database of urban centres; we define and decompose flexible indicators, and we use a non-parametric estimation method. Our results show that there is inefficiency and ineffectiveness in urban water access. Overall, larger efficiency–effectiveness differences are over time observed mostly due to a lack of technological change and a resource constraint. We also highlight the role of public policies.

在联合国 2030 年可持续发展目标(SDG)中,各国承诺实现人人普遍、公平地获得安全和负担得起的饮用水。刚果民主共和国是一个悖论,因为它拥有世界第二大流域,而一半以上的人口却无法获得基本的饮用水。我们以这一事实为出发点,对 11 个省从 2008 年到 2019 年进行了绩效评估。我们的方法有五个显著特点:我们考虑了人口趋势;我们使用了量身定制的、完整的城市中心数据库;我们定义并分解了灵活的指标;我们使用了非参数估计方法。我们的研究结果表明,城市供水存在低效率和低效益的问题。总体而言,随着时间的推移,效率和效益之间的差异越来越大,这主要是由于缺乏技术变革和资源限制造成的。我们还强调了公共政策的作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Science & Policy
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