Environmental Science & Policy最新文献_第9页

The analysis of indigenous ecological knowledge and adaptive local initiatives in water resources management in southern Iran 伊朗南部水资源管理中土著生态知识和适应性地方举措的分析

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104248

Maryam Barzegar , Mehdi Ghorbani , Alireza Moghaddamnia , Majid Rahimi

For centuries, Iranians have developed methods and initiatives aimed at adapting to their arid and semi-arid homeland. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the levels of indigenous ecological knowledge and adaptive local initiatives for water resource management in the Gezir plain, located in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. The methodology of this study is survey-based, and the required data were collected through direct observation, participant observation, and in-depth interviews with 173 elite floodplain users. Local initiatives in the Gezir plain originate from the interaction of people with their surrounding environment, within the framework of indigenous communal institutions, based on values, norms, culture, and the region's social capacity, in order to adapt to water scarcity. The social system of this plain, by adopting strategies adapted to environmental conditions, has developed local surface runoff harvesting initiatives such as Maqsam structures, ʿAlgah, Yūrad, ʿAl, Band, and Nozū well. Therefore, it can be stated that indigenous ecological knowledge in the Gezir plain is a dynamic knowledge, developed through interaction with nature, that remains committed to the principles of long-term water resource management. This study, in addition to analyzing the levels of indigenous ecological knowledge and local innovations compatible with water resource management in the Gezir plain, emphasizes the importance of preserving and introducing this knowledge to similar ecosystems and territories. It underscores that such knowledge, alongside formal scientific knowledge, plays a significant role in the successful and sustainable implementation of water resource management programs, particularly at the local scale.

几个世纪以来，伊朗人已经发展出适应干旱和半干旱家园的方法和举措。在此背景下，本研究旨在分析位于伊朗南部霍尔木兹干省的盖兹尔平原的土著生态知识水平和适应性地方水资源管理举措。本研究采用问卷调查的方法，通过直接观察、参与观察、深度访谈等方式对173名优秀漫滩用户进行数据收集。盖齐尔平原的地方倡议源于人们与周围环境的互动，在土著社区机构的框架内，基于价值观、规范、文化和该地区的社会能力，以适应水资源短缺。该平原的社会系统通过采取适应环境条件的策略，开发了当地的地表径流收集计划，如Maqsam结构、Al - Algah、Yūrad、Al - Band和nozhi井。因此，可以说，格孜尔平原的土著生态知识是一种动态的知识，通过与自然的相互作用而发展起来，仍然致力于长期水资源管理的原则。本研究除了分析了与盖孜尔平原水资源管理相适应的土著生态知识和地方创新水平外，还强调了保护和将这些知识引入类似生态系统和地区的重要性。报告强调，这些知识与正式的科学知识一起，在成功和可持续地实施水资源管理方案方面发挥着重要作用，特别是在地方层面。

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引用次数: 0

Governing groundwater in the Indus Basin: Barriers to effective groundwater management and pathways for reform 印度河流域地下水治理：有效地下水管理的障碍和改革途径

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104247

Faizan ul Hasan, Lain Dare, Darren Sinclair

Groundwater is critical for the Indus Basin, sustaining agricultural production and supporting the livelihoods of millions of Pakistani farmers. However, groundwater in the basin is under increasing stress due to unsustainable extraction, climate change, and institutional fragmentation, all of which inhibit the effectiveness of groundwater governance approaches. This study critically examines the legal, institutional, and policy frameworks governing groundwater, drawing on document analysis and insights from policymakers, researchers, and farmers. Findings reveal persistent challenges, including overlapping government agency mandates, weak enforcement of the rules, limited stakeholder participation, and outdated legal instruments. Despite study participants identifying broad support for integrated water resources management (IWRM) and adaptive governance, their implementation remains constrained by capacity gaps and socio-political inertia. Key governance deficits are identified using Ostrom’s Design Principles for common-pool resource institutions, alongside IWRM, and stakeholder engagement theory, with six actionable policy principles proposed to enhance governance coordination, monitoring, innovation, and local participation. By aligning theoretical models with lived realities, these principles support integrated groundwater governance in the Indus Basin, offering insights applicable to similar regions globally.

地下水对印度河流域至关重要，维持着农业生产，支持着数百万巴基斯坦农民的生计。然而，由于不可持续的开采、气候变化和制度破碎化，流域地下水面临越来越大的压力，所有这些都抑制了地下水治理方法的有效性。本研究通过文献分析和政策制定者、研究人员和农民的见解，批判性地考察了地下水管理的法律、制度和政策框架。调查结果揭示了持续存在的挑战，包括重叠的政府机构授权、规则执行不力、利益相关者参与有限以及过时的法律文书。尽管研究参与者确定了对水资源综合管理（IWRM）和适应性治理的广泛支持，但其实施仍然受到能力差距和社会政治惯性的制约。利用奥斯特罗姆的公共资源机构设计原则、综合水资源管理理论和利益相关者参与理论，确定了关键的治理缺陷，并提出了六项可操作的政策原则，以加强治理协调、监督、创新和地方参与。通过将理论模型与生活现实相结合，这些原则支持印度河流域的综合地下水治理，为全球类似地区提供了适用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Between tradition and transformation: Negotiating land and water resources in Ghana’s Pra River Basin 传统与转型之间：加纳普拉河流域土地与水资源谈判

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104245

Augustine Chiga Awolorinke , Marcin Pawel Jarzebski , Alesia Dedaa Ofori , Martiwi Diah Setiawati

While numerous studies have highlighted the connection between changes in land use and surface water quality and quantity, there remains a paucity of literature that critically examines how the coexistence of customary and statutory governance systems influences basin-level ecological outcomes in the context of legal pluralism. Using a qualitative case study approach, we examine how overlapping statutory mandates, and the enduring authority of customary actors shape environmental outcomes. Drawing on stakeholder interviews, this study reveals that conflicting governance norms, siloed planning, and tenure insecurity significantly contribute to riparian ecosystem decline. Customary authorities retain legitimacy and close ties to local land practices, yet their exclusion from formal planning processes undermines integrated basin management. Conversely, statutory bodies, although backed by legal authority, often lack local legitimacy and effective enforcement capacity. This study reiterates the urgent need for a harmonization of these governance systems to bridge the divides by integrating customary legitimacy with statutory authority. We propose a framework that illustrates governance interactions that provide a pathway to institutional synergy. This framework provides a lens for addressing surface water governance challenges, particularly in African contexts, where water governance is fraught with legal pluralism. This study contributes to the political ecology literature by demonstrating how harmonized governance can foster more inclusive, adaptive, and resilient water management in sub-Saharan Africa.

虽然许多研究强调了土地利用变化与地表水质量和数量之间的联系，但仍然缺乏文献批判性地审查在法律多元化背景下习惯和法定治理系统的共存如何影响流域一级的生态结果。采用定性案例研究方法，我们研究了重叠的法定授权和习惯行为者的持久权威如何影响环境结果。通过对利益相关者的访谈，本研究揭示了相互冲突的治理规范、孤立的规划和权位不安全是导致河岸生态系统衰退的重要原因。习惯当局保持合法性，并与当地土地实践密切联系，但将其排除在正式规划程序之外，破坏了流域综合管理。相反，法定机构虽然有法律权威的支持，但往往缺乏地方合法性和有效的执法能力。这项研究重申，迫切需要协调这些治理制度，通过将习惯合法性与法定权威结合起来，弥合分歧。我们提出了一个框架，说明治理的相互作用，为制度协同提供了途径。该框架为解决地表水治理挑战提供了一个视角，特别是在水治理充满法律多元化的非洲环境中。本研究通过展示协调治理如何促进撒哈拉以南非洲地区更具包容性、适应性和弹性的水管理，为政治生态学文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

A new conceptual model for ecological data communication in the context of spatial planning and policy 空间规划与政策背景下生态数据交流的新概念模型

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104240

Arron Wilde Tippett , Christina Carrozzo Hellevik , Liv Guri Velle , Dina Margrethe Aspen

The global loss of biodiversity and natural capital, driven by land use change, poses a risk for vital ecosystem services, such as air and water filtration, food provisioning, and wellbeing. Ecosystem accounting is a framework for documenting ecosystem extent, condition and the services which they produce. Questions remain about the way in which this new framework can be implemented and utilised in spatial planning. Using Norway as a case study, we perform a requirements analysis of its current spatial planning system, drawing on qualitative data from planning professionals and planning policy documents, to understand the contemporary problems within planning related to the use of ecological data. Ecological data is currently produced to adhere to the knowledge deficit model of decision making, whereby more data and knowledge lead to better decisions. However, our current communicative planning system relies on participation for knowledge gathering, which becomes an issue when the scope, communication method, and timing of communication are barriers to knowledge being used in a decision. We therefore propose a new theoretical model, PRISM, based on the analogy of a prism, as its purpose is to break ecological data up to meet the diverse objectives of, and thus engage with, as many actors as possible. The analogy is derived from the finding that ecological data and knowledge constitutes only one band in the spectrum of considerations and knowledge used in decisions. Framing is proposed as the method to achieve this effect with ecosystem accounting data, thereby activating participation to meet policy and actor objectives.

在土地利用变化的驱动下，全球生物多样性和自然资本的丧失给空气和水过滤、食物供应和福祉等重要生态系统服务带来了风险。生态系统会计是记录生态系统的范围、条件和它们所产生的服务的框架。这个新框架在空间规划中的实施和利用方式仍然存在问题。以挪威为例，我们对其当前的空间规划系统进行需求分析，借鉴规划专业人员和规划政策文件的定性数据，以了解与生态数据使用相关的规划中的当代问题。目前，生态数据的产生遵循决策的知识赤字模型，即更多的数据和知识导致更好的决策。然而，我们目前的沟通计划系统依赖于参与知识的收集，当沟通的范围、沟通方式和时间成为知识在决策中使用的障碍时，这就成为一个问题。因此，我们提出了一个新的理论模型，PRISM，基于棱镜的类比，因为它的目的是打破生态数据，以满足不同的目标，从而吸引尽可能多的参与者。这个类比来源于这样一项发现，即生态数据和知识仅构成决策中使用的考虑因素和知识光谱中的一个波段。框架被认为是利用生态系统会计数据实现这一效果的方法，从而激活参与，以满足政策和行动者的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation between 1990 and 2023 - A global meta-analysis 1990年至2023年森林砍伐和森林退化的驱动因素——一项全球元分析

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104242

Mélanie Feurer , Jelena Markovic , Michael Starke , Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann , Oliver Wolf

Deforestation and forest degradation are continuing at alarming rates globally and are thereby contributing to climate change, biodiversity loss, and social inequities. Governments have recognized that without halting deforestation, reaching global climate targets and the Sustainable Development Goals will hardly be possible, and have made respective commitments and developed dedicated policies. However, there has been no recent comprehensive analysis on the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. We address this gap through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation worldwide between 1990 and 2023. We identified 234 relevant articles covering 63 countries, mainly in the tropical biome. Our findings show that deforestation is primarily caused by commercial agriculture including livestock (83 %) and to a lesser extent by wood extraction (52 %) and subsistence farming (50 %). On the other hand, forest degradation is primarily caused by wood extraction (100 %) for subsistence. However, the share of studies with a focus on degradation (n = 23) was very low, revealing that much research is still needed in this field. In most cases, underlying drivers play a key role and consist of a combination of economic, demographic, and political factors. We recommend that deforestation-related policies and commitments account for these driving factors and that they are tackled alongside the direct causes.

在全球范围内，毁林和森林退化仍在以惊人的速度继续，从而加剧了气候变化、生物多样性丧失和社会不平等。各国政府认识到，不停止砍伐森林，就很难实现全球气候目标和可持续发展目标，并作出了各自的承诺，制定了专门的政策。但是，最近没有对毁林和森林退化的近因和根本驱动因素进行全面分析。我们通过对1990年至2023年间全球森林砍伐和森林退化驱动因素的研究进行系统回顾和荟萃分析，解决了这一差距。我们确定了234篇相关文章，涵盖63个国家，主要是热带生物群系。我们的研究结果表明，森林砍伐主要是由商业农业造成的，包括牲畜（83% %），其次是木材开采（52% %）和自给农业（50% %）。另一方面，森林退化的主要原因是为维持生计而采伐木材（100% %）。然而，关注降解的研究份额（n = 23）非常低，这表明该领域仍需要进行大量研究。在大多数情况下，潜在的驱动因素起着关键作用，包括经济、人口和政治因素的组合。我们建议，与毁林有关的政策和承诺应考虑到这些驱动因素，并与直接原因一起加以解决。

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引用次数: 0

Four propositions to narrow the gap between science and policy for climate change adaptation: Insights and evidence from Aotearoa New Zealand 缩小气候变化适应科学与政策之间差距的四个主张：来自新西兰奥特罗阿的见解和证据

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104239

Angela Halliday , Joanna Fountain , Anita Wreford , Nicholas A. Cradock-Henry

The scale and complexity of global challenges and the growing pressure on researchers to demonstrate ‘impact’, has prompted considerable investigation into the relationship between science, policy and decision-making. This is especially evident in the field of climate change adaptation, which is characterised by policy relevance, deep uncertainty, and diverse stakeholders, contributing to a highly complex policy and planning landscape. This paper seeks to contribute to the science to policy interface literature by presenting results from case study analysis in Aotearoa New Zealand. In-depth, semi-structured interviews (n = 23) with policy practitioners and individuals in related roles and organisations, were used to elicit information about barriers and enablers to research uptake and implementation. Thematic analysis yielded four foundational propositions: Strong relationships enable research to inform policy and decision-making; Interpretations of uncertainty hamper policy-making for adaptation; Competing timeframes and priorities hinder research uptake; and Funding priorities affect research uptake and policy outcomes.

Collectively, these propositions highlight the need to strengthen collaboration between researchers and policymakers by building trust, fostering mutual understanding, and establishing feedback loops between individuals in their respective domains, supported by knowledge translators. The findings have international relevance and utility and can inform the design and evaluation of mission-led science that addresses the complex challenge of climate change adaptation, with an emphasis on enhancing transparency and trust between policymakers and researchers.

全球挑战的规模和复杂性以及科学家证明“影响”的压力越来越大，促使了对科学、政策和决策之间关系的大量调查。这在气候变化适应领域尤为明显，该领域的特点是政策相关性、高度不确定性和利益攸关方多样化，导致政策和规划环境高度复杂。本文旨在通过介绍新西兰奥特罗阿的案例研究分析结果，为政策界面文献的科学做出贡献。与相关角色和组织的政策实践者和个人进行深入的半结构化访谈（n = 23），以引出有关研究吸收和实施的障碍和推动因素的信息。专题分析产生了四个基本命题：牢固的关系使研究能够为政策和决策提供信息；对不确定性的解释阻碍了适应政策的制定；相互竞争的时间框架和优先事项阻碍了研究的吸收；资助优先级影响研究吸收和政策结果。总的来说，这些主张强调了在知识翻译的支持下，通过建立信任、促进相互理解和在各自领域的个人之间建立反馈循环来加强研究人员和决策者之间合作的必要性。这些发现具有国际相关性和实用性，可以为解决气候变化适应这一复杂挑战的以任务为主导的科学的设计和评估提供信息，重点是提高决策者和研究人员之间的透明度和信任。

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引用次数: 0

Improving cross-cultural knowledge exchange for collaborative forest stewardship 促进跨文化知识交流，促进森林协同管理

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104241

Rachel H. Swanwick , Rachel E. Schattman , Anthony W. D’Amato , Tyler Everett , Darren J. Ranco , Adam J. Daigneault

Collaborative governance arrangements help maximize adaptive potential in the face of rapidly changing environmental conditions affecting forest systems to achieve cross-boundary stewardship goals. In part, the success of these cooperative efforts stems from their ability to enable exchange or “bridging” across knowledge systems (e.g., Western scientific, local, and Indigenous). Bridging knowledge systems can generate new insights, overcome power imbalances, and contribute to a sustainable future. There is a growing recognition of the benefits of including Indigenous knowledge and community perspectives in environmental collaborations. Yet, there is a need for more context-specific insights to enable equitable collaborative governance and knowledge exchange with Indigenous Nations. To explore this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 forest stewards associated with state agencies (n = 12) and Tribal Nations (n = 10) in present-day Maine (U.S.A). We argue that while different knowledge systems are highly valued and respected by forest stewards, barriers including Western and Indigenous paradigmatic incongruities, inflexible institutional arrangements, and socio-political tensions limit cooperation. We recommend recognizing the inherent adaptability and sovereignty of Indigenous Nations, encouraging cross-cultural engagement at the outset of project planning, and establishing new institutions that embrace ‘two-way’ knowledge exchange. An awareness of these dynamics has the capacity to transform governance systems and improve forest stewardship outcomes.

协作治理安排有助于在面对影响森林系统的快速变化的环境条件时最大限度地发挥适应潜力，以实现跨界管理目标。在某种程度上，这些合作努力的成功源于它们能够实现跨知识系统（例如西方科学、地方和土著）的交流或“桥梁”。连接知识系统可以产生新的见解，克服权力不平衡，并为可持续的未来做出贡献。人们日益认识到在环境合作中纳入土著知识和社区观点的好处。然而，需要更多的具体情况的见解，以实现公平的协作治理和与土著民族的知识交流。为了探索这一差距，我们在今天的缅因州（美国）对22名与州机构（n = 12）和部落国家（n = 10）相关的森林管理员进行了半结构化访谈。我们认为，虽然不同的知识体系受到森林管理者的高度重视和尊重，但包括西方和土著范例不协调、僵化的制度安排和社会政治紧张局势在内的障碍限制了合作。我们建议认识到土著民族固有的适应性和主权，在项目规划之初鼓励跨文化参与，并建立新的机构，接受“双向”知识交流。对这些动态的认识能够改变治理系统并改善森林管理成果。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental assessment and regulatory oversight of genetically engineered crops in the United States 美国转基因作物的环境评估和监管监督

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104237

Nick Loschin , Jennifer Kuzma , Rodolphe Barrangou , Khara Grieger

Biotechnology advancements are rapidly shaping the future of food and agriculture with genetic engineering tools utilizing both classical transgenic methods and cutting-edge genome editing techniques such as CRISPR. These advancements have expanded the development of crops with novel traits, with a wide range of applications. At the same time, the regulatory system and assessment processes have struggled to keep pace with these rapid innovations and techniques. Notably, this can be an issue when investigating the potential environmental impacts in the development and production of these crops due to the complexity and temporal nature of potential risks. This study explores how environmental assessments for genetically engineered crops have been and are currently being conducted in the United States. This was done by outlining the regulatory framework and environmental assessment processes across federal agencies and then examining five case studies that reflect both incumbent and rising genetic engineering techniques. The robustness of the environmental assessment was evaluated for each case based on the submitted information and the depth of analysis conducted. Conclusions from this study gleaned three major recommendations: (1) the need for governance systems keeping pace with novel innovations, (2) an overall strengthening of environmental oversight for genetically engineered crops, and (3) the need for transparency throughout the assessment processes. This research aims to foster improved environmental assessment and governance practices for novel applications of genetic engineering in food and agriculture systems.

生物技术的进步正在迅速塑造食品和农业的未来，基因工程工具利用经典的转基因方法和尖端的基因组编辑技术，如CRISPR。这些进步扩大了具有新性状的作物的发展，具有广泛的应用范围。与此同时，监管体系和评估过程一直在努力跟上这些快速创新和技术的步伐。值得注意的是，由于潜在风险的复杂性和时代性，在调查这些作物开发和生产的潜在环境影响时，这可能是一个问题。本研究探讨了美国对转基因作物的环境评估是如何进行的，以及目前是如何进行的。这是通过概述联邦机构的监管框架和环境评估过程，然后审查五个案例研究来完成的，这些案例研究反映了现有的和新兴的基因工程技术。根据提交的信息和所进行的分析的深度，对每个案例的环境评估的稳健性进行了评估。这项研究的结论收集了三个主要建议：(1)需要建立与创新同步的治理体系；(2)全面加强对转基因作物的环境监督；(3)需要在整个评估过程中保持透明度。这项研究旨在促进改进的环境评估和治理实践，以促进基因工程在粮食和农业系统中的新应用。

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引用次数: 0

How does transport infrastructure development impact rural livelihoods in the Global South? A systematic review of the English language academic literature 交通基础设施的发展如何影响发展中国家的农村生计？英语语言学术文献的系统回顾

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104231

Zhiqiang Zheng

An ongoing boom of large-scale infrastructure development in the Global South is transforming rural livelihoods with implications for rural people and landscapes. This systematic review uses the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) as a conceptual framework to analyse the impacts of infrastructure development on rural livelihoods. The analysis covers articles published between 2018 and mid-2025. The review categorises and analyses the effects of infrastructure development on the five main livelihood capital types from the SLF. Findings suggest that infrastructure development positively impacts human, physical and financial capital assets by transforming agricultural production and access to natural resources. Additionally, the review finds less research focused specifically on the relationship between infrastructure development and social capital. This review recommends that infrastructure development explicitly integrate considerations of natural capital to safeguard future livelihoods and emphasises the need for further research on how infrastructure intersects with social capital and sustainable rural transformation. The findings of this research may be useful for policy formation and implementation related to infrastructure projects and the livelihood implications in the Global South.

全球发展中国家大规模基础设施建设的持续繁荣正在改变农村生计，对农村人口和农村景观产生影响。本系统综述使用可持续生计框架（SLF）作为概念框架，分析基础设施发展对农村生计的影响。该分析涵盖了2018年至2025年中期发表的文章。报告对基建发展对五种主要民生资本类型的影响进行分类和分析。研究结果表明，基础设施发展通过改变农业生产和获取自然资源的途径，对人力、物质和金融资本资产产生积极影响。此外，该综述还发现，专门关注基础设施发展与社会资本之间关系的研究较少。本综述建议，基础设施发展应明确纳入自然资本的考虑，以保障未来的生计，并强调需要进一步研究基础设施如何与社会资本和可持续农村转型相结合。这项研究的结果可能有助于制定和实施与基础设施项目和全球南方生计影响有关的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Key challenges in forest restoration and adaptation in Spain: Expert-based solutions for a resilient future 西班牙森林恢复和适应的主要挑战：基于专家的未来弹性解决方案

IF 5.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science & Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104238

Maitane Erdozain , Aitor Àvila Callau , Victoria Madrid , Iciar Alberdi , Isabel Cañellas , Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo , Guillermo Palacios-Rodríguez , Jordi Palau , Laura Ros , Sergio de-Miguel

The growing momentum for ecological restoration presents a critical opportunity to tackle environmental crises, especially in the context of climate change adaptation. With the newly adopted European Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR) requiring Member States to develop national restoration plans, Spain stands as a paradigmatic case due to its long history of restoration efforts and its location in the Mediterranean, a recognized climate change hotspot. Understanding the barriers and opportunities involved is essential to ensure effective implementation. Drawing on the knowledge of over 60 national experts and applying the Delphi method, we (1) ranked 45 key political, social, economic, technical and environmental challenges limiting climate-adaptive forest restoration in Spain; (2) analyzed how demographic and professional factors influenced perceptions of these challenges; and (3) co-developed strategic recommendations to overcome them. Experts identified economic and political barriers such as short-term budgets, undervaluation of ecosystem services, perverse incentives, political short-termism, bureaucracy and policy fragmentation as the most limiting, ranking approximately 1.5 points higher than the most significant technical or environmental challenges. Perceptions significantly varied by gender, age and geographic location. Key solutions include the creation of independent restoration agencies with stable funding, legal and policy reforms, financial incentives for landowners (valuation of ecosystem services) and stronger private sector involvement. Our findings highlight the need for an integrated, cross-sectoral approach that aligns governance, financing and stakeholder participation. These insights offer a valuable foundation for informing Spain’s National Restoration Plan and contribute to broader European efforts to ensure the long-term success of restoration initiatives.

生态恢复的势头日益增强，为应对环境危机，特别是在适应气候变化的背景下，提供了重要机遇。随着新通过的《欧洲自然恢复条例》（NRR）要求成员国制定国家恢复计划，西班牙因其长期的恢复工作历史和其在地中海的位置而成为一个范例，地中海是公认的气候变化热点。了解所涉及的障碍和机会对于确保有效实施至关重要。利用60多位国家专家的知识并运用德尔菲法，我们(1)对西班牙气候适应性森林恢复的45个关键政治、社会、经济、技术和环境挑战进行了排名；(2)分析了人口统计学和专业因素对这些挑战认知的影响；(3)共同制定克服这些问题的战略建议。专家们认为，短期预算、生态系统服务价值低估、不合理的激励措施、政治上的短期主义、官僚主义和政策碎片化等经济和政治障碍是最具限制性的因素，比最重大的技术或环境挑战高出约1.5分。人们的看法因性别、年龄和地理位置的不同而有很大差异。关键的解决方案包括建立拥有稳定资金的独立修复机构、法律和政策改革、对土地所有者的财政激励（生态系统服务的评估）以及加强私营部门的参与。我们的研究结果强调需要一种综合的跨部门方法，使治理、融资和利益相关者参与保持一致。这些见解为西班牙的国家修复计划提供了宝贵的基础，并为更广泛的欧洲努力做出贡献，以确保修复计划的长期成功。

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引用次数: 0