European Polymer Journal最新文献_第8页

Mechanistic insights into plastic degradation via catalytic bond breaking: a comprehensive review 通过催化断键对塑料降解的机理研究：综述

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114453

Mengxia Ren , Hao Liu , Zhen Yu , Zhaobin Tang , Yanlin Liu

The use of traditional plastics is exponentially increasing, which directly leads to the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment. Taking ordinary plastic bags as an example, their natural degradation process often takes up to 100 years, which brings a heavy burden to the ecological environment. However, existing traditional degradation methods have many drawbacks. In this context, catalytic degradation, as a promising strategy for reducing waste pollution and producing value-added chemicals, has shown great potential in the circular economy. This review summarizes the research progress of chemical catalytic degradation and enzymatic catalytic degradation, classifies traditional plastics according to different functional groups, and explores in detail the influence of catalyst types on the breakage and transformation of plastic molecular chains in chemical catalytic degradation, as well as the different degradation pathways and product distributions caused by different reaction conditions. The latest discoveries in the biodegradation of traditional plastics are also highlighted, including the enzymes involved and the mechanisms of biodegradation. Finally, the main bottlenecks currently faced by catalytic degradation technology are analyzed, and a forward-looking outlook is made on the future development direction of catalytic degradation technology, providing research path references for breaking through the technical barriers of plastic pollution control and promoting the implementation of circular economy.

传统塑料的使用量呈指数级增长，这直接导致了塑料垃圾在环境中的积累。以普通塑料袋为例，其自然降解过程往往长达100年，给生态环境带来了沉重的负担。然而，现有的传统降解方法存在许多缺陷。在这种情况下，催化降解作为一种减少废物污染和生产增值化学品的有前途的战略，在循环经济中显示出巨大的潜力。本文综述了化学催化降解和酶催化降解的研究进展，根据不同的官能团对传统塑料进行了分类，并详细探讨了催化剂类型对化学催化降解中塑料分子链断裂和转化的影响，以及不同反应条件导致的不同降解途径和产物分布。本文还重点介绍了传统塑料生物降解的最新发现，包括所涉及的酶和生物降解机制。最后，对催化降解技术目前面临的主要瓶颈进行了分析，并对催化降解技术未来的发展方向进行了前瞻性展望，为突破塑料污染治理的技术壁垒，促进循环经济的实施提供研究路径参考。

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引用次数: 0

Curcumin improvised antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silk fibroin/gelatin/polycaprolactone composite nanofibrous matrix performing superior ocular surface regeneration 姜黄素增强了丝素/明胶/聚己内酯复合纳米纤维基质的抗菌和抗氧化活性，表现出优异的眼表再生能力

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114462

Soumya Shuvra Smita, Krishna Pramanik

The study aims to develop a biomimetic polymeric matrix consisting of silk fibroin, gelatin, and polycaprolactone polymers with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties by adding different concentrations ranging 1–10 mM of curcumin resulting SGPC₁, SGPC_2.5, SGPC₅, and SGPC₁₀ respectively. All the fabricated mats exhibited morphological similarity and peak shifts in FTIR spectra confirming the interaction between curcumin and SGP mats. SGPC₁₀ and SGPC₅ mat possess higher tensile strength of 4.9 ± 0.14 MPa and 4.3 ± 0.2 MPa. An insignificant decrease in transparency was observed as compared to control with the addition of curcumin. Moreover, SGPC₅ and SGPC₁₀ mats demonstrated a respective controlled degradation rate of 43.66 ± 1.52 % and 42.66 ± 2.08 %. An enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant properties achieved with SGPC₅ and SGPC₁₀ mats. The cytocompatibility of the mats ensured that the curcumin does not negatively affect the cellular growth and attachment of SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea) cell line. SGPC₅ construct exhibited higher cell viability, cell attachment, and denser cytoskeleton arrangement, indicating its potentiality for regeneration of ocular surface.

本研究旨在通过添加1-10 mM不同浓度的姜黄素，分别制备出具有抗氧化和抗菌性能的丝素、明胶和聚己内酯聚合物的仿生聚合物基质，得到SGPC1、SGPC2.5、SGPC5和SGPC10。所有合成的草席在FTIR光谱中表现出形态相似性和峰移，证实了姜黄素与SGP草席之间的相互作用。SGPC10和SGPC5的抗拉强度分别为4.9±0.14 MPa和4.3±0.2 MPa。与添加姜黄素的对照组相比，观察到透明度的显着降低。SGPC5和SGPC10的可控降解率分别为43.66±1.52%和42.66±2.08%。与SGPC5和SGPC10垫实现了增强的抗菌和抗氧化性能。基质的细胞相容性保证了姜黄素不会对兔角膜细胞株的生长和附着产生负面影响。SGPC5构建体表现出更高的细胞活力、细胞附着和更密集的细胞骨架排列，表明其具有眼表再生的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Orange polymerized carbon nitride (OPCN) catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization under long wavelength light irradiation with “oxygen-acceleration” and “ sodium salt-acceleration” behavior 在长波光照射下，橙色聚合氮化碳（OPCN）催化PET-RAFT聚合具有“氧加速”和“钠盐加速”行为

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114456

Qi Wang, Zhuo Dang, Yijie Dong, Xiaoyu Guo, Lin Lei

The light sources utilized in photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (PET-RAFT) investigations primarily focus on high-intensity ultraviolet (UV) and blue light, which may induce biological toxicity and side reactions. In this study, we have developed a carbon-doped orange polymerized carbon nitride (OPCN) material that extends the light absorption range of carbon nitride up to 600 nm. This material was employed as a catalyst for PET-RAFT polymerization under long-wavelength light sources ranging from blue to red without the need for any additives. The OPCN-catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization can proceed without pre-deoxygenation. Furthermore, oxygen not only accelerates the rate of polymerization but also regulates the molecular weight of the resulting polymers. Additionally, we discovered that sodium salts significantly enhance the rate of OPCN-catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization, demonstrating a “sodium salt-accelerated” behavior alongside its “oxygen-accelerated” counterpart. The combined effects of “oxygen-acceleration” and pronounced “sodium salt-acceleration” enable efficient implementation of OPCN-catalyzed PET-RAFT under long-wavelength light sources.

光致电子/能量转移可逆加成-破碎链转移聚合（PET-RAFT）研究中使用的光源主要集中在可能引起生物毒性和副反应的高强度紫外线和蓝光。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种碳掺杂橙色聚合氮化碳（OPCN）材料，将氮化碳的光吸收范围扩展到600 nm。该材料被用作PET-RAFT聚合的催化剂，在从蓝到红的长波光源下进行聚合，而不需要任何添加剂。opcn催化的PET-RAFT聚合无需预脱氧即可进行。此外，氧不仅加速聚合的速度，而且还调节所得聚合物的分子量。此外，我们发现钠盐显著提高了opcn催化PET-RAFT聚合的速率，表现出“钠盐加速”行为和“氧加速”行为。“氧加速”和明显的“钠盐加速”的联合效应使opcn催化的PET-RAFT在长波长光源下有效实现。

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引用次数: 0

Cationic copolymerization of furfural and furfural-derived 3,4-dihydropyran: biobased and biodegradable polyacetals with high glass transition temperatures 糠醛和糠醛衍生的3,4-二氢吡喃的阳离子共聚：具有高玻璃化转变温度的生物基和可生物降解的聚缩醛

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114454

Davide Illari, Xiangyu Zhu, Mark A. Hempenius, Frederik R. Wurm

This study addresses the challenge of directly polymerizing furfural, a renewable platform chemical, by cationic copolymerization of furfural and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP), which can be derived from furfural, using GaCl₃/EtSO₃H/1,4-dioxane. This approach achieves higher yields (up to 72 %) and improved dispersity (M_w/M_n = 1.29–1.45) compared to BF₃·OEt₂, yielding fully bio-based, predominantly alternating poly(furfural-co-DHP) copolymers with high glass transition temperatures (T_g > 160 °C). These materials, thoroughly characterized by ¹H, ¹³C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, GPC, TGA, and DSC, demonstrate a new pathway towards sustainable polyacetals. Further, we show that the materials undergo acid-triggered degradation, facilitated by the acetal linkages, and exhibit biodegradation in activated sludge (wastewater treatment) of ca. 52 % after 28 days (following OECD 301F), indicating their potential for reducing plastic waste accumulation and environmental persistence.

本研究解决了用GaCl3/EtSO3H/1,4-二氧六环将糠醛与糠醛衍生的3,4-二氢- 2h -吡喃（DHP）阳离子共聚直接聚合糠醛这一可再生平台化学品的挑战。与BF3·OEt2相比，该方法获得了更高的收率（高达72%）和更好的分散性（Mw/Mn = 1.29-1.45），产生了具有高玻璃化转变温度（Tg > 160°C）的全生物基、主要交替的聚（糠醛-共dhp）共聚物。通过1H， 13C NMR和FTIR光谱，GPC， TGA和DSC对这些材料进行了彻底的表征，展示了一条通向可持续聚缩醛的新途径。此外，我们表明，在缩醛键的促进下，这些材料经历酸引发的降解，并在活性污泥（废水处理）中表现出28天后约52%的生物降解（遵循OECD 301F），表明它们有可能减少塑料废物的积累和环境持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Customizable 3D-printed scaffolds for meniscal replacement: Mechanical insights into urethane-based poly(ethylene glycol) polymer 用于半月板置换的可定制3d打印支架：聚氨酯基聚（乙二醇）聚合物的机械见解

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114451

Martina Meazzo , Stefan Schroeder , Jan Philippe Kretzer , Fabrizio Barberis , Catherine Van Der Straeten , Peter Dubruel

The menisci, essential fibrocartilaginous structures within the knee joint, play a critical role in load distribution, stability, and shock absorption. Meniscal injuries can result from acute trauma, degeneration, or arise as secondary consequences of other knee pathologies. Meniscus regeneration has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges by developing biomimetic replacements that restore native function. The mechanical properties of scaffold materials are pivotal in the success of meniscus regeneration, given the complex and dynamic loading environment within the knee joint.

This study presents a comprehensive mechanical characterization of a novel scaffold material—acrylate end-capped urethane-based poly(ethylene glycol) (AUP)—designed specifically for meniscus regeneration applications. AUP is a synthetic polymer that demonstrates remarkable potential due to its tuneable mechanical and structural properties. This work focuses on evaluating AUP’s mechanical performance and its implications for fabricating functional meniscal constructs. Key mechanical properties analyzed include the tensile Young’s modulus (3.19–3.49 MPa), compressive modulus (2–3.32 MPa), storage modulus (5.76–8.2 MPa), loss modulus (0.08–0.14 MPa), swelling degree (200–295 %), gel fraction (>88 %), and fatigue durability (target 200,000 cycles). Utilizing advanced 3D printing techniques, the AUP hydrogel scaffold structure is customized to replicate the mechanical behavior of distinct meniscal zones.

This paper underscores the critical importance of mechanical characterization in developing AUP-based scaffolds for effective meniscus regeneration. The integration of mechanically optimized scaffolds offers a pathway toward restoring joint function, alleviating pain, and improving the overall quality of life for patients affected by meniscal damage.

半月板是膝关节内必不可少的纤维软骨结构，在负荷分布、稳定性和减震方面起着关键作用。半月板损伤可由急性创伤、退变或其他膝关节病变的继发后果引起。半月板再生已经成为解决这些挑战的一种很有前途的方法，通过开发仿生替代品来恢复自然功能。考虑到膝关节内复杂的动态载荷环境，支架材料的力学性能是半月板再生成功的关键。本研究介绍了一种新型支架材料的综合力学特性-丙烯酸酯端盖聚氨酯基聚乙二醇(AUP) -专为半月板再生应用而设计。AUP是一种合成聚合物，由于其可调节的机械和结构性能，显示出显着的潜力。这项工作的重点是评估AUP的机械性能及其对制造功能性半月板结构的影响。分析的主要力学性能包括拉伸杨氏模量（3.19-3.49 MPa）、压缩模量（2-3.32 MPa）、储存模量（5.76-8.2 MPa）、损失模量（0.08-0.14 MPa）、膨胀度（200 - 295%）、凝胶分数（> 88%）和疲劳耐久性（目标20万次循环）。利用先进的3D打印技术，AUP水凝胶支架结构是定制的，可以复制不同半月板区域的机械行为。本文强调了力学特性在开发基于aup的支架以实现有效半月板再生中的重要性。机械优化支架的整合为半月板损伤患者提供了恢复关节功能、减轻疼痛和提高整体生活质量的途径。

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引用次数: 0

An update on selenium-containing polymers and introduction to polyselenonium salts 含硒聚合物的最新进展及聚硒鎓盐的介绍

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114450

Anzar Khan

It has been more than two centuries that selenium was discovered. Similarly, cationic polyelectrolytes employing nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur atoms are also known for a long time. However, it is only recently that selenium ions are exploited in the preparation of selenonium polyelectrolytes. Herein, we discuss differences between sulfur and selenium which underline the distinctiveness of polyselenoethers. The recent advances in the synthesis of organoselenium polymers are then discussed. Subsequently, polyselenoium salts are introduced along with their capability to be antibacterial. Finally, the progress in the field is summarized and future goals are identified.

硒的发现已经有两个多世纪了。同样，使用氮、磷和硫原子的阳离子聚电解质也很早就为人所知。然而，直到最近，硒离子才被用于硒鎓聚合电解质的制备。在这里，我们讨论了硫和硒之间的差异，强调了聚硒醚的独特性。然后讨论了有机硒聚合物合成的最新进展。随后，介绍了多硒盐及其抗菌能力。最后，总结了该领域的进展，并确定了未来的目标。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of ArF photoresist polymers via continuous-flow RAFT polymerization with an efficient strategy for their thiocarbonylthio end group removal 连续流RAFT聚合法合成ArF光刻胶聚合物，并有效去除硫代羰基硫代末端基

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114449

Dongsheng Xie , Anjie Yang , Liangwei Li , Haitian Wei , Yameng Shi , Na Li , Xiang Gao

Photoresists are critical materials for patterning high-resolution features in semiconductor manufacturing. ArF photoresist polymers, which are predominantly multicomponent acrylate copolymers, cannot be synthesized via living anionic polymerization. Consequently, conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) remains the predominant method for their production. However, FRP struggles to meet the stringent requirements for high-performance photoresists, which demand well-defined molecular weights, narrow polydispersity (Đ), and excellent batch-to-batch consistency. Herein, we report a robust synthesis of ArF photoresist polymers by integrating continuous-flow technology with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This process maintains high output quality stability and controllability, yielding polymers with well-defined molecular weights and narrow polydispersity (Đ < 1.2). It achieves over 90 % conversion within 200 min and is applicable to microchannel systems with solids content exceeding 40 wt%, meeting commercially viable polymerization results. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient and green method for removing thiocarbonylthio end groups via aqueous hydrogen peroxide treatment under mild conditions. This approach prevents the degradation of thermal stability and lithographic sensitivity performance typically caused by residual RAFT terminal groups. The RAFT-derived, desulfurized photoresist produced patterns with significantly lower line-edge roughness than the FRP-based material, demonstrating superior lithographic performance. This end group removal strategy offers high throughput, excellent efficiency, and seamless compatibility with continuous-flow processes, highlighting its strong potential for industrial adoption.

在半导体制造中，光阻剂是制作高分辨率图形的关键材料。ArF光抗蚀剂聚合物主要是多组分丙烯酸酯共聚物，不能通过活阴离子聚合合成。因此，传统的自由基聚合（FRP）仍然是其生产的主要方法。然而，FRP难以满足高性能光刻胶的严格要求，这需要明确的分子量，窄多分散性（Đ）和出色的批次一致性。在此，我们报告了通过将连续流动技术与可逆加成-破碎链转移（RAFT）聚合相结合，合成ArF光刻胶聚合物的稳健方法。该工艺保持了高输出质量的稳定性和可控性，生产的聚合物具有明确的分子量和窄多分散性（Đ < 1.2）。它在200分钟内达到90%以上的转化率，适用于固体含量超过40 wt%的微通道系统，满足商业上可行的聚合结果。此外，我们还介绍了一种在温和条件下通过双氧水处理去除硫代羰基硫代末端基的高效绿色方法。这种方法防止了通常由残余的RAFT终端群引起的热稳定性和光刻灵敏度性能的退化。与基于frp的材料相比，raft衍生的脱硫光刻胶产生的图案具有明显更低的线边缘粗糙度，显示出优越的光刻性能。这种端组去除策略提供了高吞吐量、卓越的效率和与连续流工艺的无缝兼容性，突出了其在工业应用中的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous improvement of mechanical strength, toughness and barrier properties of PBAT plastics enabled by H-bond interaction 氢键相互作用使PBAT塑料的机械强度、韧性和阻隔性能同时提高

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114443

Yue Ding , Shuai Liu , Qintang Li , Dan Huang , Junhui Ji

Commercialized poly(butylene adipate -co- butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) was a high-performance biodegradable polyester. However, the limited tensile strength, poor gas barrier properties, and insufficient fracture toughness restricted the broader application of PBAT. Herein, the incorporation of bis-amide structure into the PBAT main chain strengthened the hydrogen bonding interaction, obtaining the high mechanical strength (∼65 MPa) and excellent toughness (∼1000 %) of PBAT plastic. The enhancement of inter-chain interactions through hydrogen bonding reduced free volume of the chains, thereby improving the gas barrier performance of PBAT. Moreover, PBAT plastic retained good biodegradability under composting conditions, emphasizing its significant potential for expanding the application of in the packaging and agricultural film industries. The introduction of multiple hydrogen bonding interactions offered a promising strategy for the development of high-performance and controllably degradable plastic.

商品聚己二酸丁二烯-对苯二甲酸正丁二烯（PBAT）是一种高性能的可生物降解聚酯。但PBAT的抗拉强度有限，隔气性能差，断裂韧性不足，限制了其更广泛的应用。在PBAT主链中加入双酰胺结构，增强了氢键相互作用，获得了PBAT塑料的高机械强度（~ 65 MPa）和优异的韧性（~ 1000%）。通过氢键增强链间相互作用，减少了链的自由体积，从而提高了PBAT的阻气性能。此外，PBAT塑料在堆肥条件下保持良好的生物降解性，强调其在包装和农用薄膜工业中扩大应用的巨大潜力。多种氢键相互作用的引入为高性能和可控降解塑料的发展提供了一个有前途的策略。

引用次数: 0

Scalable Polymerization-Induced Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly toward 3D multilayer rhombic nanosheets 可伸缩聚合诱导结晶驱动的三维多层菱形纳米片自组装

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114445

Tianwen Liu , Yiming Wang , Xuelei Dong , Yanwei Zhang , Min Wang , Xiongwei Qu , Shengli Chen

The construction of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures via block copolymer self-assembly remains challenging due to insufficient thermodynamic driving forces and limitations in scalable fabrication. Herein, we report a robust polymerization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly (PI-CDSA) strategy for the in situ synthesis and hierarchical self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)-block-poly(L-lactide) (mPEG-b-PLLA) diblock copolymers in γ-butyrolactone at room temperature. By synergizing ring-opening polymerization with crystallization-driven assembly, we achieved the scalable fabricated well-defined 3D multilayer rhombic nanosheets with high morphological uniformity and macroscopic dispersibility. The geometry of the nanosheets, including edge length, surface area, and layer number, can be precisely controlled by tuning the degrees of polymerization of the PLLA block and mPEG macroinitiator. Systematic investigations using TEM, SEM, AFM, and OM revealed a clear morphological evolution from spherical micelles to 2D rhombic lamellae and ultimately to 3D multilayered stacked nanosheets. This work not only demonstrates the potential of PI-CDSA as a scalable and programmable platform for constructing complex 3D nanoparticles but also provides mechanistic insights into hierarchical self-assembly, with promising applications in nanomedicine and energy storage.

由于热力学驱动力不足和可扩展制造的限制，通过嵌段共聚物自组装构建三维（3D）纳米结构仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们报道了一个强大的聚合诱导结晶驱动自组装（PI-CDSA）策略，用于在室温下在γ-丁内酯中原位合成和分层自组装聚乙二醇单甲醚-嵌段聚l -丙交酯（mPEG-b-PLLA）二嵌段共聚物。通过开环聚合和结晶驱动组装的协同作用，我们获得了可扩展的、具有良好形态均匀性和宏观分散性的三维多层菱形纳米片。通过调整聚乳酸嵌段和mPEG宏观引发剂的聚合程度，可以精确控制纳米片的几何形状，包括边缘长度、表面积和层数。通过TEM， SEM， AFM和OM的系统研究揭示了从球形胶束到二维菱形片层，最终到三维多层堆叠纳米片的清晰形态演变。这项工作不仅证明了PI-CDSA作为构建复杂3D纳米粒子的可扩展和可编程平台的潜力，而且还提供了分层自组装的机理见解，在纳米医学和能量存储方面具有前景。

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引用次数: 0

Structure and gelation properties of thermoresponsive bottlebrush hydrogels 热敏瓶刷水凝胶的结构与凝胶性能

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

European Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.114446

Apollinariya Yu. Konyakhina , Akmal Z. Umarov , Jessica Garcia , Foad Vashahi , Evgeniy V. Dubrovin , Elena N. Subcheva , Aleksandr I. Buglakov , Sergei S. Sheiko , Dimitri A. Ivanov

Thermosensitive bottlebrush triblock copolymers combining poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) represent a promising class of responsive soft materials. We investigate their molecular morphology and gelation behavior using direct-space imaging, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and coarse-grained simulations. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed wormlike bottlebrush backbones, while PNIPAM end blocks were detected under specific conditions using modified substrates. Transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM) with negative staining corroborated AFM observations and provided consistent contour-length distributions. Variable-temperature SAXS revealed fully reversible structural reorganization upon heating above the PNIPAM LCST. This transition was marked by the emergence of an ordered gel network, evidenced by an interference peak corresponding to interdomain spacing and form-factor oscillations associated with PNIPAM micelles. Analysis indicated modest micelle growth while the interdomain spacing remained constant. Complementary dissipative particle dynamics simulations reproduced these features and revealed a crossover at ϕ_pol ≈ 0.04, where bridging subchains dominate network formation. Together, these results provide a multiscale understanding of bottlebrush copolymer gelation and identify key parameters controlling their responsive behavior.

结合聚n -异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAM）和聚乙二醇（PEG）的热敏瓶刷三嵌段共聚物代表了一类有前途的响应性软材料。我们使用直接空间成像、同步加速器小角度x射线散射（SAXS）和粗粒度模拟来研究它们的分子形态和凝胶行为。原子力显微镜（AFM）显示蚓状瓶刷骨架，而PNIPAM端块在特定条件下使用改性底物检测。透射和扫描透射电子显微镜（TEM/STEM）阴性染色证实了AFM观察结果，并提供了一致的轮廓长度分布。变温SAXS在PNIPAM LCST上方加热后显示出完全可逆的结构重组。这种转变的标志是有序凝胶网络的出现，与PNIPAM胶束相关的域间间距和形状因子振荡相对应的干涉峰证明了这一点。分析表明胶束生长适度，而畴间间距保持不变。互补耗散粒子动力学模拟再现了这些特征，并揭示了在ϕpol≈0.04处的交叉，其中桥接子链主导网络形成。总之，这些结果提供了对瓶刷共聚物凝胶化的多尺度理解，并确定了控制其响应行为的关键参数。

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引用次数: 0