Pub Date : 2012-10-07DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292236
A. S. Mansingka, A. Radwan, K. Salama
This paper introduces the first fully digital implementation of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos using the sawtooth nonlinearity in a 3rd order ODE with the Euler approximation. Systems indicate chaotic behaviour through phase space boundedness and positive Lyapunov exponent. Low-significance bits form a PRNG and pass all tests in the NIST SP. 800-22 suite without post-processing. Real-time control of the number of scrolls allows distinct output streams with 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos enabling greater controllability. The proposed PRNGs are experimentally verified on a Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA with logic utilization less than 1.25%, throughput up to 5.25 Gbits/s and up to 512 distinct output streams with low cross-correlation.
{"title":"Fully digital 1-D, 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos as hardware pseudo random number generators","authors":"A. S. Mansingka, A. Radwan, K. Salama","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292236","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the first fully digital implementation of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos using the sawtooth nonlinearity in a 3rd order ODE with the Euler approximation. Systems indicate chaotic behaviour through phase space boundedness and positive Lyapunov exponent. Low-significance bits form a PRNG and pass all tests in the NIST SP. 800-22 suite without post-processing. Real-time control of the number of scrolls allows distinct output streams with 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos enabling greater controllability. The proposed PRNGs are experimentally verified on a Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA with logic utilization less than 1.25%, throughput up to 5.25 Gbits/s and up to 512 distinct output streams with low cross-correlation.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131554303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292170
Mohammadreza Balouchestani, K. Raahemifar, S. Krishnan
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) consist of small intelligent wireless sensors attached on or implanted in the body. These wireless sensors are responsible for collecting, processing, and transmitting vital information such as: blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, electrocardiographic (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG) and oxygenation signals to provide continuous health monitoring with real-time feedback to the users and medical centers. In order to fully exploit the benefits of WBANs for important applications such as Electronic Health (EH), Mobile Health (MH), and Ambulatory Health Monitoring (AHM), the power consumption must be minimized. Since Wireless Nodes (WNs) in WBANs are usually driven by battery power consumption is the most important factor to determine the life of WBANs. This paper presents the applications of Compressed Sensing (CS) theory in WBANs. We have achieved networks with low-sampling rate and low-power consumption on a number of applications. A combination of CS theory to WBANs is the optimal solution for achieving the networks with low-sampling rate and low-power consumption. Our simulation results in ECG signals show that sampling rate can be reduced t0 25% and power consumption to 35% without sacrificing performances by employing the CS theory to WBANs.
{"title":"Low Power Wireless Body Area Networks with Compressed sensing theory","authors":"Mohammadreza Balouchestani, K. Raahemifar, S. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292170","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) consist of small intelligent wireless sensors attached on or implanted in the body. These wireless sensors are responsible for collecting, processing, and transmitting vital information such as: blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, electrocardiographic (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG) and oxygenation signals to provide continuous health monitoring with real-time feedback to the users and medical centers. In order to fully exploit the benefits of WBANs for important applications such as Electronic Health (EH), Mobile Health (MH), and Ambulatory Health Monitoring (AHM), the power consumption must be minimized. Since Wireless Nodes (WNs) in WBANs are usually driven by battery power consumption is the most important factor to determine the life of WBANs. This paper presents the applications of Compressed Sensing (CS) theory in WBANs. We have achieved networks with low-sampling rate and low-power consumption on a number of applications. A combination of CS theory to WBANs is the optimal solution for achieving the networks with low-sampling rate and low-power consumption. Our simulation results in ECG signals show that sampling rate can be reduced t0 25% and power consumption to 35% without sacrificing performances by employing the CS theory to WBANs.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114999930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292152
M. Soderstrand
The tendency over the last few decades has been for more and more of the analog front end of transmitters and receivers to be taken over by digital components. While some suggest that eventually the entire analog front end will be replaced by digital components (or even a truly software radio) we argue in this paper that it is unlikely that this will occur in the near future. We then identify key analog components that are difficult, if not impossible, to replace and discuss what is likely to occur on both the analog and digital side of the interface in the near future.
{"title":"The moving interface between digital and analog circuits and its effect on future wireless systems","authors":"M. Soderstrand","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292152","url":null,"abstract":"The tendency over the last few decades has been for more and more of the analog front end of transmitters and receivers to be taken over by digital components. While some suggest that eventually the entire analog front end will be replaced by digital components (or even a truly software radio) we argue in this paper that it is unlikely that this will occur in the near future. We then identify key analog components that are difficult, if not impossible, to replace and discuss what is likely to occur on both the analog and digital side of the interface in the near future.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115263512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292027
P. Furth, Karthik R. Kothapalli, Punith R. Surkanti
We present a fully-integrated analog CMOS image centroid computation sensor. A 40×40 pixel array is designed and fabricated in a 0.5-μm CMOS process. The proposed centroid computation circuit achieves 7 times improvement in bandwidth compared to similar circuits in the literature. Moreover, the incorporation of a linearized transconductor improves precision in the computed centroid. The sensor is designed to operate over a wide range of photocurrents from 10 pA to 1 μA. Test results of the proposed architecture verify its superior performance.
{"title":"A high-speed image centroid computation sensor","authors":"P. Furth, Karthik R. Kothapalli, Punith R. Surkanti","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292027","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fully-integrated analog CMOS image centroid computation sensor. A 40×40 pixel array is designed and fabricated in a 0.5-μm CMOS process. The proposed centroid computation circuit achieves 7 times improvement in bandwidth compared to similar circuits in the literature. Moreover, the incorporation of a linearized transconductor improves precision in the computed centroid. The sensor is designed to operate over a wide range of photocurrents from 10 pA to 1 μA. Test results of the proposed architecture verify its superior performance.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115293961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6291954
K. Lee, T. Lande
The demand for wireless-powered circuits are increasing rapidly, RFID and WSN are good examples. One of the most important components is the on-chip voltage rectifier. Research has been conducted intensively on the rectifier design, however not many of them considered the co-design with antennas and matching networks. This paper intends to fill this gap. An analysis on the co-design is presented. A new look-up table design methodology is proposed and simulations are done using Cadence to prove the methodology.
{"title":"Co-design of antenna, matching network and voltage rectifier in state-of-the-art CMOS","authors":"K. Lee, T. Lande","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6291954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6291954","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for wireless-powered circuits are increasing rapidly, RFID and WSN are good examples. One of the most important components is the on-chip voltage rectifier. Research has been conducted intensively on the rectifier design, however not many of them considered the co-design with antennas and matching networks. This paper intends to fill this gap. An analysis on the co-design is presented. A new look-up table design methodology is proposed and simulations are done using Cadence to prove the methodology.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"86 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120932989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292057
P. Roy, Sudipta Chakraborty, Moudud Sohid, H. Rahaman, P. Dasgupta
Electrowetting based digital microfluidic biochips are developed recently as an alternative platform for conventional laboratory methods in advanced biochemical applications. With the advantages of portability, cost minimization, higher precision combined with better throughput - these devices are finding increasing applications in the areas of point of care diagnostics, parallel immunoassays, drug design, DNA sequencing as well as environmental toxicity monitoring and others. Advanced design automation strategies are developed to facilitate multiple bioassay operation to be enabled simultaneously on a single microfluidic biochip. On completion of these Bioassay protocols the detection is enabled at the optical detection sites within the chip area itself. In this work we have proposed a unique design of an automated droplet detection analyzer to be coupled with the targeted biochip for providing detailed analysis result based on the data acquired through optical detection. This newly proposed design not only enables the detection analysis of samples based on predefined characterized results - but also enhances the process of integration of multiple biochips to perform different set of test sequences on different biochips on the basis of these analysis results obtained in the proposed analyzer. The architecture, synthesis and simulation of the proposed droplet analyzer for signals obtained from Blood oxygen analysis, each for multiple samples in a single biochip has been displayed in this paper - and the results are found to be quite encouraging.
{"title":"A new digital analyzer for optically detected samples in Digital Microfluidic Biochips","authors":"P. Roy, Sudipta Chakraborty, Moudud Sohid, H. Rahaman, P. Dasgupta","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292057","url":null,"abstract":"Electrowetting based digital microfluidic biochips are developed recently as an alternative platform for conventional laboratory methods in advanced biochemical applications. With the advantages of portability, cost minimization, higher precision combined with better throughput - these devices are finding increasing applications in the areas of point of care diagnostics, parallel immunoassays, drug design, DNA sequencing as well as environmental toxicity monitoring and others. Advanced design automation strategies are developed to facilitate multiple bioassay operation to be enabled simultaneously on a single microfluidic biochip. On completion of these Bioassay protocols the detection is enabled at the optical detection sites within the chip area itself. In this work we have proposed a unique design of an automated droplet detection analyzer to be coupled with the targeted biochip for providing detailed analysis result based on the data acquired through optical detection. This newly proposed design not only enables the detection analysis of samples based on predefined characterized results - but also enhances the process of integration of multiple biochips to perform different set of test sequences on different biochips on the basis of these analysis results obtained in the proposed analyzer. The architecture, synthesis and simulation of the proposed droplet analyzer for signals obtained from Blood oxygen analysis, each for multiple samples in a single biochip has been displayed in this paper - and the results are found to be quite encouraging.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127277601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292161
Genevieve M. Sapijaszko, W. Mikhael
An important first step in speaker recognition is the extraction of unique and reliable features that can identify speakers from speech signals. Feature extraction methods have evolved in the last 20 years, with window frame algorithms in particular showing promise. This paper compares and contrasts recent window frames algorithms using the Center for Spoken Language Understanding (CLSU) database through experiments. The different coefficients used and compared are: Real Cepstral Coefficients (RCC), Mel Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC), and Perceptual Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (PLPCC). The feature extraction methods will be used in conjunction with a Vector Quantization (VQ) method and a Euclidean distance classifier to find the best recognition rate among the feature extraction features. A survey of published state-of-the-art, window-based, feature extraction methods are evaluated against published results.
{"title":"An overview of recent window based feature extraction algorithms for speaker recognition","authors":"Genevieve M. Sapijaszko, W. Mikhael","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292161","url":null,"abstract":"An important first step in speaker recognition is the extraction of unique and reliable features that can identify speakers from speech signals. Feature extraction methods have evolved in the last 20 years, with window frame algorithms in particular showing promise. This paper compares and contrasts recent window frames algorithms using the Center for Spoken Language Understanding (CLSU) database through experiments. The different coefficients used and compared are: Real Cepstral Coefficients (RCC), Mel Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC), and Perceptual Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (PLPCC). The feature extraction methods will be used in conjunction with a Vector Quantization (VQ) method and a Euclidean distance classifier to find the best recognition rate among the feature extraction features. A survey of published state-of-the-art, window-based, feature extraction methods are evaluated against published results.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292114
J. Rudell, V. Bhagavatula
The evolving application space for sensor data communication demands wireless transceivers characterized by long-range, small form-factor devices. This paper explores strategies towards the goal of single-hop, long-distance wireless communication for sensor applications using monolithic CMOS transceivers. A regulator-less PA system for sensor communication is highlighted in the context of long-range communication.
{"title":"Strategies for highly-integrated long-range silicon transceivers for sensor data communication","authors":"J. Rudell, V. Bhagavatula","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292114","url":null,"abstract":"The evolving application space for sensor data communication demands wireless transceivers characterized by long-range, small form-factor devices. This paper explores strategies towards the goal of single-hop, long-distance wireless communication for sensor applications using monolithic CMOS transceivers. A regulator-less PA system for sensor communication is highlighted in the context of long-range communication.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123769683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292086
T. Thiessen, Sören Plönnigs, W. Mathis
In this paper an extended geometric concept to analyze nonlinear electronic circuits with fast switching behavior, i.e. with jumps in their configuration space, is given. Furthermore the developed geometric approach is adapted to MNA based systems of equations. This new method enables the simulation of such ill-conditioned circuits without regularization and presents an implementation approach for common circuit simulators like SPICE.
{"title":"Transient solution of fast switching systems without regularization","authors":"T. Thiessen, Sören Plönnigs, W. Mathis","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6292086","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an extended geometric concept to analyze nonlinear electronic circuits with fast switching behavior, i.e. with jumps in their configuration space, is given. Furthermore the developed geometric approach is adapted to MNA based systems of equations. This new method enables the simulation of such ill-conditioned circuits without regularization and presents an implementation approach for common circuit simulators like SPICE.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122639106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-05DOI: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6291996
A. López-Martín, Edurne Oses, J. Ramírez-Angulo, R. Carvajal
Five class AB CMOS voltage followers are described. They are modifications of the conventional super source follower, and allow improved dynamic performance, increased signal swing, accurate control of quiescent currents, and no penalty by the inclusion of class AB operation in terms of quiescent power consumption, circuit complexity or supply voltage requirements. Measurement results for a 0.5μm CMOS test chip prototype show a slew rate enhancement factor of about 20 as compared with the conventional super follower, for the same bias current and supply voltage.
{"title":"Micropower class AB voltage followers with simple quiescent current control","authors":"A. López-Martín, Edurne Oses, J. Ramírez-Angulo, R. Carvajal","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6291996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2012.6291996","url":null,"abstract":"Five class AB CMOS voltage followers are described. They are modifications of the conventional super source follower, and allow improved dynamic performance, increased signal swing, accurate control of quiescent currents, and no penalty by the inclusion of class AB operation in terms of quiescent power consumption, circuit complexity or supply voltage requirements. Measurement results for a 0.5μm CMOS test chip prototype show a slew rate enhancement factor of about 20 as compared with the conventional super follower, for the same bias current and supply voltage.","PeriodicalId":324891,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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