Pub Date : 2009-07-17DOI: 10.1108/01409170910977979
Kevin J. Sigler
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how executive stock options help in reducing agency costs in the firm and to address problems experienced by the firm when stock options are used as incentives. Design/methodology/approach – The paper initially discusses types of agency problems caused by company managers and then explains why stock options can reduce the problem of excessive risk aversion displayed by some managers. It then addresses the problems that may occur with the introduction of executive stock options by the firm and finally offers methods to reduce these problems. Findings – The paper explains the methods available to reduce the problems caused by executive stock options such as indexing the stock options to the S&P 500 index and structuring the Board of Directors in a manner that helps ensure the stock options are used appropriately. Originality/value – This paper is valuable to firms using executive stock options as incentives to managers. It outlines the problems stock options can help solve and the problems which may occur by their use. In addition, the ways to reduce the problems produced by executive stock options in the firm are discussed.
{"title":"A brief overview of executive stock options in reducing the agency problem of excessive risk aversion","authors":"Kevin J. Sigler","doi":"10.1108/01409170910977979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910977979","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how executive stock options help in reducing agency costs in the firm and to address problems experienced by the firm when stock options are used as incentives. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Design/methodology/approach \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000– The paper initially discusses types of agency problems caused by company managers and then explains why stock options can reduce the problem of excessive risk aversion displayed by some managers. It then addresses the problems that may occur with the introduction of executive stock options by the firm and finally offers methods to reduce these problems. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000– The paper explains the methods available to reduce the problems caused by executive stock options such as indexing the stock options to the S&P 500 index and structuring the Board of Directors in a manner that helps ensure the stock options are used appropriately. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000– This paper is valuable to firms using executive stock options as incentives to managers. It outlines the problems stock options can help solve and the problems which may occur by their use. In addition, the ways to reduce the problems produced by executive stock options in the firm are discussed.","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130745510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-17DOI: 10.1108/01409170910977951
John Qin, Bernard O'Meara, S. McEachern
Purpose – Investigating diversity presents researchers with a paradox because extremely inconsistent and conflicting findings about the effects of diversity have emerged in this field of study. It has been argued that the theoretical frameworks used have contributed to the paradox. Different and contradictory effects concerning the influence of group diversity can be predicted using these frameworks. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of the main theoretical frameworks in the context of researching diversity.Design/methodology/approach – The focus of this paper is a critical examination of three theoretical frameworks in the field of diversity research – similarity‐attraction theory, social categorization theory and the information/decision‐making approach. These are commonly applied in researching diversity. The basic elements of each theory, its applications in diversity research and its strengths and limitations are considered.Findings – The discussion suggests that the paradox in ...
{"title":"The need for an integrated theoretical framework for researching the influence of group diversity on performance","authors":"John Qin, Bernard O'Meara, S. McEachern","doi":"10.1108/01409170910977951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910977951","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Investigating diversity presents researchers with a paradox because extremely inconsistent and conflicting findings about the effects of diversity have emerged in this field of study. It has been argued that the theoretical frameworks used have contributed to the paradox. Different and contradictory effects concerning the influence of group diversity can be predicted using these frameworks. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of the main theoretical frameworks in the context of researching diversity.Design/methodology/approach – The focus of this paper is a critical examination of three theoretical frameworks in the field of diversity research – similarity‐attraction theory, social categorization theory and the information/decision‐making approach. These are commonly applied in researching diversity. The basic elements of each theory, its applications in diversity research and its strengths and limitations are considered.Findings – The discussion suggests that the paradox in ...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121565341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-17DOI: 10.1108/01409170910977960
J. Rowley
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose that the traditional definition of monopoly needs to be extended to accommodate twenty‐first century marketplaces. The concept of superpoly is defined and discussed. Superpoly is a development of the concept of monopoly to accommodate market structures in networked and knowledge‐intensive economies characterised by a high underlying level of consumer choice.Design/methodology/approach – A definition of superpoly is offered and each of the seven market spaces in superpoly are defined and illustrated with reference to Tesco, the UK supermarket chain. A discussion section explores the issues that arise from over‐dominance of one business in each of these spaces in terms of the positives (typically emphasised by the dominant business) and the negatives (typically emphasised by other stakeholders).Findings – In order to achieve a state of superpoly, businesses focus on seven interrelated market spaces, including respectively: commercial space, channel space, co...
{"title":"Superpoly: monopoly in the twenty-first century","authors":"J. Rowley","doi":"10.1108/01409170910977960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910977960","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose that the traditional definition of monopoly needs to be extended to accommodate twenty‐first century marketplaces. The concept of superpoly is defined and discussed. Superpoly is a development of the concept of monopoly to accommodate market structures in networked and knowledge‐intensive economies characterised by a high underlying level of consumer choice.Design/methodology/approach – A definition of superpoly is offered and each of the seven market spaces in superpoly are defined and illustrated with reference to Tesco, the UK supermarket chain. A discussion section explores the issues that arise from over‐dominance of one business in each of these spaces in terms of the positives (typically emphasised by the dominant business) and the negatives (typically emphasised by other stakeholders).Findings – In order to achieve a state of superpoly, businesses focus on seven interrelated market spaces, including respectively: commercial space, channel space, co...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128959452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-17DOI: 10.1108/01409170910977988
James W. Westerman, R. Beekun, J. P. Daly, Sita Vanka
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between individual personality and compensation package preferences and whether cross‐cultural differences exist in these preferences in the USA and India.Design/methodology/approach – A survey methodology was used and subjects included 175 MBA students of two universities, one in the USA and one in India. Measurement instruments included a Big Five personality measure and a compensation pay strategy typology.Findings – Results indicated a significantly different pattern of results between subjects in the two countries. In the India sample, introversion was a significant predictor of a security/commitment pay strategy and extroversion and neuroticism were significant predictors of performance‐driven pay strategies. In the US sample, none of the personality variables was predictive of pay strategy preferences.Practical implications – Multinational firms should reconsider “one‐size‐fits‐all” compensation plans and tailor strategies to fit t...
{"title":"Personality and national culture: Predictors of compensation strategy preferences in the United States of America and India","authors":"James W. Westerman, R. Beekun, J. P. Daly, Sita Vanka","doi":"10.1108/01409170910977988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910977988","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between individual personality and compensation package preferences and whether cross‐cultural differences exist in these preferences in the USA and India.Design/methodology/approach – A survey methodology was used and subjects included 175 MBA students of two universities, one in the USA and one in India. Measurement instruments included a Big Five personality measure and a compensation pay strategy typology.Findings – Results indicated a significantly different pattern of results between subjects in the two countries. In the India sample, introversion was a significant predictor of a security/commitment pay strategy and extroversion and neuroticism were significant predictors of performance‐driven pay strategies. In the US sample, none of the personality variables was predictive of pay strategy preferences.Practical implications – Multinational firms should reconsider “one‐size‐fits‐all” compensation plans and tailor strategies to fit t...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114687984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-17DOI: 10.1108/01409170910977942
Ipek Kalemci Tuzun
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions of organizational identification, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study also investigates the influence of organizational commitment and organizational identification on job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical framework of the positive relationships between job satisfaction and identification, commitment and job satisfaction, and commitment and identification was explored. A total of 578 bank employees engaged in this study. This research used a survey design and was conducted in Ankara in Turkey. Participants completed organizational identification, job satisfaction and commitment scales. Step wise regression analysis was used to assess the strength of the research hypotheses.Findings – All of the measurement instruments had acceptable reliabilities. The correlations observed were generally consistent with the expectations of the researcher. The results of the study...
{"title":"The impact of identification and commitment on job satisfaction","authors":"Ipek Kalemci Tuzun","doi":"10.1108/01409170910977942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910977942","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions of organizational identification, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study also investigates the influence of organizational commitment and organizational identification on job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical framework of the positive relationships between job satisfaction and identification, commitment and job satisfaction, and commitment and identification was explored. A total of 578 bank employees engaged in this study. This research used a survey design and was conducted in Ankara in Turkey. Participants completed organizational identification, job satisfaction and commitment scales. Step wise regression analysis was used to assess the strength of the research hypotheses.Findings – All of the measurement instruments had acceptable reliabilities. The correlations observed were generally consistent with the expectations of the researcher. The results of the study...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132602918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-17DOI: 10.1108/01409170910977924
Dominic Boyle, T. Proctor
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to supplement the growing literature on social marketing by reflecting on the kinds of social marketing activities undertaken in one area of a public service administered by a large City Council in the UK. The study sought to consider the extent to which traditional theoretical ideas on marketing can be coupled with current contributions in operational terms in practical situations.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on anecdotal data and the critical reflections of the principal researcher concerning current and recent activities in the area of interest within the council. For this purpose, traffic services and management within a City Council was chosen, an area in which the first author of the paper has considerable experience and expertise.Findings – People engaged in the type of work examined here, in fact, undertake social marketing, although they do not readily recognize the activity in these terms. Concerning road safety, the majority of re...
{"title":"The nature, role and value of marketing within the road safety team in a City Council","authors":"Dominic Boyle, T. Proctor","doi":"10.1108/01409170910977924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910977924","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to supplement the growing literature on social marketing by reflecting on the kinds of social marketing activities undertaken in one area of a public service administered by a large City Council in the UK. The study sought to consider the extent to which traditional theoretical ideas on marketing can be coupled with current contributions in operational terms in practical situations.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on anecdotal data and the critical reflections of the principal researcher concerning current and recent activities in the area of interest within the council. For this purpose, traffic services and management within a City Council was chosen, an area in which the first author of the paper has considerable experience and expertise.Findings – People engaged in the type of work examined here, in fact, undertake social marketing, although they do not readily recognize the activity in these terms. Concerning road safety, the majority of re...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129503106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-19DOI: 10.1108/01409170910965279
Lin Zhang, Pataradech “Tony” Srisupandit, Debra K. Cartwright
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to try to determine to what extent differences and similarities in sociopolitical, cultural and economic backgrounds are reflected in gender role portrayals in magazine advertisements in the USA, China and Thailand.Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis is used. Five different magazine categories are selected from the USA, China and Thailand in 2007: news and general interest; sports; entertainment; women's and business. The coding system employed is modified from Courtney and Lockeretz.Findings – Overall, the paper finds that advertisers in Thailand, China and America shared some gender stereotyping. In addition, Chinese and Thai magazine advertisements show more gender stereotyping, while US advertisements show more egalitarian representations. These findings are consistent with their respective culture backgrounds.Research limitations/implications – The use of content analysis is limited because it is mainly descriptive in nature and adequate causal explan...
{"title":"A comparison of gender role portrayals in magazine advertising","authors":"Lin Zhang, Pataradech “Tony” Srisupandit, Debra K. Cartwright","doi":"10.1108/01409170910965279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910965279","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to try to determine to what extent differences and similarities in sociopolitical, cultural and economic backgrounds are reflected in gender role portrayals in magazine advertisements in the USA, China and Thailand.Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis is used. Five different magazine categories are selected from the USA, China and Thailand in 2007: news and general interest; sports; entertainment; women's and business. The coding system employed is modified from Courtney and Lockeretz.Findings – Overall, the paper finds that advertisers in Thailand, China and America shared some gender stereotyping. In addition, Chinese and Thai magazine advertisements show more gender stereotyping, while US advertisements show more egalitarian representations. These findings are consistent with their respective culture backgrounds.Research limitations/implications – The use of content analysis is limited because it is mainly descriptive in nature and adequate causal explan...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132654886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-19DOI: 10.1108/01409170910965260
S. Shahabuddin
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the behavior of the automotive industry which is very critical to avoid major economic disruptions in the economy. To understand this industry, one needs to understand its historical performance in relation to many economic factors that may affect the industry.Design/methodology/approach – Data about automobile sales (in dollars and in units) and many economic and demographic variables are collected from a variety of sources. Automobile sales are the dependent variable. However, the variable of automobile sales is divided into foreign and domestic car makers. The data are regressed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) stepwise regression to obtain highly correlated variables.Findings – The results indicate a strong relationship between the economic variables and foreign car sales, but the relationship between the economic variables and domestic car sales is weak. The domestic cars sales relationship to the other economic variables sh...
{"title":"Forecasting automobile sales","authors":"S. Shahabuddin","doi":"10.1108/01409170910965260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910965260","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the behavior of the automotive industry which is very critical to avoid major economic disruptions in the economy. To understand this industry, one needs to understand its historical performance in relation to many economic factors that may affect the industry.Design/methodology/approach – Data about automobile sales (in dollars and in units) and many economic and demographic variables are collected from a variety of sources. Automobile sales are the dependent variable. However, the variable of automobile sales is divided into foreign and domestic car makers. The data are regressed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) stepwise regression to obtain highly correlated variables.Findings – The results indicate a strong relationship between the economic variables and foreign car sales, but the relationship between the economic variables and domestic car sales is weak. The domestic cars sales relationship to the other economic variables sh...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122015828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-19DOI: 10.1108/01409170910965233
Anders Haug, Klaes Ladeby, Kasper Edwards
Purpose – Most mass customization literature focuses on the move from mass production to mass customization. However, in some literature engineer‐to‐order (ETO) companies are also claiming to have become mass customizers, although it can be questioned if these companies conform to popular definitions of mass customizers. The purpose of this paper is to ask the question: under which conditions is it reasonable to label ETO companies as mass customizers?Design/methodology/approach – First, definitions of mass customization are examined and related to ETO companies that move towards mass customization. Second, the individual transitions from mass production and ETO to mass customization are analyzed by: relating the transition to classifications from relevant literature; describing the motivations and risks associated with the transition; and defining some of the most important transition characteristics. Finally it is discussed if ETO companies can become mass customizers and under which conditions it would...
{"title":"From engineer‐to‐order to mass customization","authors":"Anders Haug, Klaes Ladeby, Kasper Edwards","doi":"10.1108/01409170910965233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910965233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Most mass customization literature focuses on the move from mass production to mass customization. However, in some literature engineer‐to‐order (ETO) companies are also claiming to have become mass customizers, although it can be questioned if these companies conform to popular definitions of mass customizers. The purpose of this paper is to ask the question: under which conditions is it reasonable to label ETO companies as mass customizers?Design/methodology/approach – First, definitions of mass customization are examined and related to ETO companies that move towards mass customization. Second, the individual transitions from mass production and ETO to mass customization are analyzed by: relating the transition to classifications from relevant literature; describing the motivations and risks associated with the transition; and defining some of the most important transition characteristics. Finally it is discussed if ETO companies can become mass customizers and under which conditions it would...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"48 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133554525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-19DOI: 10.1108/01409170910965242
T. Pykäläinen, Arto Ojala
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that explains international activities of open source software (OSS) firms.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews relevant literature related to international operations of knowledge‐intensive firms, especially in the software industry. Theoretical development is based here on a combination of the network approach, international new venture theory and inward–outward internationalization.Findings – The findings in this study suggest that the international activities of OSS firms can be divided into project activities and business activities. Project activities include inward and outward linkages, and partner identification. Business activities include domestic and partner network activities that can lead to international business as well.Research implications – For scholars, the framework provides a new approach to explain many international activities of OSS firms by integrating three international business theories. In addition, it p...
{"title":"International activities of knowledge‐intensive small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises: The example of an open source software firm","authors":"T. Pykäläinen, Arto Ojala","doi":"10.1108/01409170910965242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910965242","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that explains international activities of open source software (OSS) firms.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews relevant literature related to international operations of knowledge‐intensive firms, especially in the software industry. Theoretical development is based here on a combination of the network approach, international new venture theory and inward–outward internationalization.Findings – The findings in this study suggest that the international activities of OSS firms can be divided into project activities and business activities. Project activities include inward and outward linkages, and partner identification. Business activities include domestic and partner network activities that can lead to international business as well.Research implications – For scholars, the framework provides a new approach to explain many international activities of OSS firms by integrating three international business theories. In addition, it p...","PeriodicalId":325346,"journal":{"name":"Management Research News","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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