Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.26740/JPTT.V11N2.P116-127
Fadjri Kirana Anggarani, F. Amalia
Cyberbullying behavior utilized the use of digital technology and the internet as a medium for bullying. The purpose of this study was to examine the function of online disinhibition as a mediator of the relationship between identity confusion and cyberbullying in adolescents. Participants in the study were 12 to 15 years old or adolescents, which consisted of 151 men and 196 women. Data collection was performed using 3 scales namely the Cyberbullying Behavior Scale, the identity confusion scale, and the online disinhibition scale. The data obtained were tested using regression analysis with mediator variable with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. The results showed that there was an effect of online disinhibition mediation on the relationship of identity confusion with cyberbullying. The result of MacKinnon analysis shows that the direct effect gives a bigger effect than the indirect effect.The results of the additional analysis show that males do more cyberbullying behavior; the higher the duration of internet and social media use, the more cyberbullying behavior that will be carried out by adolescents. These results indicated that adolescents and cyberbullying have many factors that required further research.Keywords: Cyberbullying, online disinhibition, identity confusion, adolescents Abstrak: Perilaku cyberbullying memanfaatkan penggunaan teknologi digital dan internet sebagai media untuk melakukan aksi bullying. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji fungsi disinhibisi online sebagai mediator hubungan antara kebingungan identitas dan cyberbullying pada remaja. Partisipan dalam penelitian berusia 12 sampai dengan 15 tahun atau remaja yang terdiri dari 151 laki-laki dan 196 perempuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan 3 skala yaitu Skala Perilaku Cyberbullying, Skala kebingungan identitas, dan Skala disinhibisi online. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan analisis regresi dengan melibatkan variabel mediator dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh mediasi disinhibisi online pada hubungan kebingungan identitas dengan cyberbullying. Perhitungan peranan menggunakan MacKinnon diperoleh hasil bahwa efek langsung memberikan peran lebih besar dibandingkan efek tidak langsung. Hasil analisis tambahan menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki lebih banyak melakukan perilaku cyberbullying; semakin tinggi durasi penggunaan internet dan sosial media semakin banyak pula perilaku cyberbullying yang akan dilakukan remaja. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa remaja dan cyberbullying memiliki banyak faktor yang memerlukan penelitian lanjutan.
网络欺凌行为利用数字技术和互联网作为欺凌的媒介。摘要本研究旨在探讨网络去抑制在青少年身份困惑与网络欺凌之间的中介作用。该研究的参与者是12至15岁的青少年，其中包括151名男性和196名女性。数据收集采用网络欺凌行为量表、身份混淆量表和网络去抑制量表3个量表进行。采用IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0对所得数据进行带中介变量的回归分析。结果表明，网络去抑制在身份困惑与网络欺凌之间存在中介作用。麦金农分析的结果表明，直接效应的作用大于间接效应。另一项分析结果显示，男性的网络欺凌行为更多;青少年使用互联网和社交媒体的时间越长，网络欺凌行为就会越多。这些结果表明，青少年与网络欺凌之间存在许多需要进一步研究的因素。关键词:网络欺凌;网络去抑制;身份困惑;Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji funsi disinhibisi online sebagai调解员hubungan antara kebingungan身份识别和网络欺凌帕达雷贾。Partisipan dalam penelitian berusia 12 sampai dengan 15 tahun atau remaja yang terdiri dari 151 laki-laki dan 196 perempuan。3 .网络霸凌、网恋、网恋、网恋。数据yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan分析回归邓干melibatkan变量中介邓干bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh mediasi disinhibisi online pada hubungan kebingungan identidenan网络欺凌。Perhitungan peranan menggunakan MacKinnon diperoleh hasil bahwa efek langsung成员perperan lebih besar dibandingkan efek tiak langsung。网络霸凌;社交媒体网络欺凌Yang akan dilakukan remaja。哈西尼menunjukkan bahwa remaja dan网络欺凌memiliki banyak因子为杨memilkan penelitian lanjutan。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-03DOI: 10.26740/JPTT.V11N2.P204-2016
Rifa Hidayah
Successful motherhood in educating children requires learning how to best care for children. Excellent parenting programs make it easier for mothers to better care for their children. The study aim was to examine the effect of "excellent parenting program" on the authoritative parenting patterns of mothers. A total number of 14 mothers were involved in this study. A quasi-experimental method was used. Data was collected using the authoritative parenting scale, and analyzed using t-test. The result shows that the excellent parenting program has a positive effect on the improvement of mother’s authoritative parenting. This study concludes that the excellent parenting program provides benefits for mothers to improve their authoritative parenting skills.Key words: Authoritative parenting, excellent parenting program, mother. Abstrak: Sukses menjadi ibu dalam mendidik anak memerlukan belajar bagaimana mengasuh yang terbaik untuk anak. Program excellent parenting membantu memudahkan ibu dalam menerapkan pola pengasuhan anak secara otoritatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh program excellent parenting terhadap pola pengasuhan otoritatif ibu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi-eksperimen terhadap 14 ibu. Pengumpulan data penelitian berupa skala pola pengasuhan otoritatif. Analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa “program excellent parenting” memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan pola asuh otoritatif ibu. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa program excellent parenting bermanfaat bagi para ibu untuk meningkatkan pola asuh otoritatif.
{"title":"Meningkatkan Pola Pengasuhan Otoritatif melalui Program Excellent Parenting","authors":"Rifa Hidayah","doi":"10.26740/JPTT.V11N2.P204-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/JPTT.V11N2.P204-2016","url":null,"abstract":"Successful motherhood in educating children requires learning how to best care for children. Excellent parenting programs make it easier for mothers to better care for their children. The study aim was to examine the effect of \"excellent parenting program\" on the authoritative parenting patterns of mothers. A total number of 14 mothers were involved in this study. A quasi-experimental method was used. Data was collected using the authoritative parenting scale, and analyzed using t-test. The result shows that the excellent parenting program has a positive effect on the improvement of mother’s authoritative parenting. This study concludes that the excellent parenting program provides benefits for mothers to improve their authoritative parenting skills.Key words: Authoritative parenting, excellent parenting program, mother. Abstrak: Sukses menjadi ibu dalam mendidik anak memerlukan belajar bagaimana mengasuh yang terbaik untuk anak. Program excellent parenting membantu memudahkan ibu dalam menerapkan pola pengasuhan anak secara otoritatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh program excellent parenting terhadap pola pengasuhan otoritatif ibu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi-eksperimen terhadap 14 ibu. Pengumpulan data penelitian berupa skala pola pengasuhan otoritatif. Analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa “program excellent parenting” memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan pola asuh otoritatif ibu. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa program excellent parenting bermanfaat bagi para ibu untuk meningkatkan pola asuh otoritatif.","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p85-94
N. Anggraini, Fajrianthi Fajrianthi
Change is something that will occur in any organization. The main factor that enables the organizations to achieve success in the changes they face is its’ employees’ readiness for change. This study examined the role of psychological capital in the relationship of perceived management support and readiness for change. Data were collected from 198 employees from various departments at PT. X. The sample was selected purposively based on the same criteria, namely: permanent workers from the restructured units at the company. This study used perceived management support, readiness for change, and psychological capital scales. Data were simultaneously tested using partial least square analysis with the help of Smart PLS 3 software. This study found positive and significant relationship of perceived management support and individual readiness for change, but psychological capital does not mediate the relationship of the perceived management support and individual readiness for change. Keywords: Perceived management support, psychological capital, readiness for change Abstrak: Perubahan merupakan hal yang pasti akan selalu terjadi pada suatu organisasi. Faktor utama tercapainya keberhasilan dalam perubahan organisasi adalah kesiapan individu untuk berubah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peran psychological capital dalam hubungan persepsi dukungan manajemen dan kesiapan individu untuk berubah. Penelitian ini melibatkan 198 karyawan dari berbagai departemen di perusahaan PT. X. Kriteria utama pemilihan sampel adalah para karyawan ini adalah pekerja tetap yang bertugas di unit-unit kerja yang mengalami restrukturasi. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen, yaitu skala persepsi dukungan manajemen, kesiapan individu untuk berubah, dan psychological capital. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik partial least square dengan bantuan aplikasi Smart PLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara persepsi dukungan manajemen dan kesiapan individu untuk berubah, namun psychological capital tidak terbukti memediasi hubungan antara persepsi dukungan manajemen dan kesiapan individu untuk berubah tersebut.
变化是任何组织都会发生的事情。使组织能够在他们面临的变化中取得成功的主要因素是其“员工”对变化的准备。本研究考察了心理资本在感知管理支持和变革准备之间的关系中的作用。数据来自PT. x公司不同部门的198名员工，样本的选择是有目的的，基于相同的标准，即:来自该公司重组部门的正式员工。本研究采用感知管理支持度、变革准备度和心理资本量表。在Smart PLS 3软件的帮助下，使用偏最小二乘分析同时测试数据。本研究发现，感知管理支持与个体变革准备之间存在显著的正向关系，但心理资本在感知管理支持与个体变革准备之间没有中介作用。关键词:感知管理支持，心理资本，变革准备摘要:秘鲁企业组织。Faktor utama tercapainya keberhasilan dalam perubahan组织adalah kesijapan个人untutubaha。Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peran心理资本dalam hubungan persesi dukungan管理dan kesiapan个人untuk beruba。Penelitian ini melibatkan 198 karyawan dari berbagai部门di perusahaan PT. X. Kriteria utama pemilihan样本adalah para karyawan ini adalah pekerja tetap yang bertugas di unit-unit kerja yang mengalami restrukturasi。数据penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga仪器，yititskala persepsi dukungan管理，kesiapjapan个人untukberubah, dan心理资本。数据分析蒙古纳坎技术偏最小二乘邓安班团应用kasi智能PLSHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positive dan significance(积极意义);(积极意义);(积极意义);(积极意义);(积极意义);(积极意义);(积极意义);
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Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p46-59
Vinaya Untoro, Maharani Ardi Putri
Previous research which found that adolescent tend to involve in radicalism make interesting to find out the relationship between identity status and religious tolerance in adolescence. This research involved 157 participants whose ages ranged from 11 to 24 years. The variable of identity status was conceptualized based on Erikson’s exploration and commitment aspects, and was measured using Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Meanwhile, religious tolerance was measured using a rating scale adapted from van der Walt’s religious tolerance scale. This study found negative relationship between commitment and religious tolerance, and there is no a relationship between exploration and religious tolerance. From four identity status tested, it is found that most participants are in the category of identity diffusion which means that most participants have no specific commitment and interest in ideology. The result also shows that identity moratorium has the highest mean in religious tolerance, and it is found significantly different with identity achievement and identity foreclosure. Based on the commitment aspect, participants with achievement and foreclosure identity status tend to be religiously intolerance, while those with identity moratorium are found most open to the others’ worldviews.Keywords: Identity status, religious tolerance, adolescentAbstrak: Adanya survei yang menunjukkan besarnya kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan radikalisme melandasi dilakukannya penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara status identitas dan toleransi beragama pada remaja. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 157 remaja dengan rentang usia 11-24 tahun, yang dimasukkan dalam 4 kategori status identitas. Status identitas diukur dengan menggunakan dua kriteria utama pembentukan identitas dari Erikson, yaitu exploration dan commitment, serta diukur menggunakan skala Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Toleransi beragama diukur menggunakan skala toleransi agama yang diadaptasi dari skala yang disusun van der Walt. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif antara dimensi komitmen dengan toleransi beragama, sedangkan dimensi eksplorasi dengan toleransi beragama tidak terbukti berhubungan. Hasil uji terhadap 4 kategori status identitas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar partisipan berada dalam kategori identitas diffusion yang berarti tidak memiliki komitmen ideologis. Selain itu, identity moratorium memiliki rerata yang paling tinggi dalam toleransi beragama dan berbeda signifikan dengan identity achievement dan identity foreclosure. Berdasarkan pada tingginya dimensi komitmen dan karakteristik masing-masing kategori status identitas, identity achieve-ment dan identity foreclosure merupakan kategori yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bersikap intoleran, sedangkan identity moratorium masih memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perbedaan agama atau ideologi.
以往的研究发现，青少年倾向于激进主义，探究青少年身份地位与宗教宽容之间的关系是一个有趣的问题。这项研究涉及157名年龄在11岁到24岁之间的参与者。认同状态变量的概念基于埃里克森的探索和承诺两个方面，并采用自我认同过程问卷(EIPQ)进行测量。与此同时，宗教容忍度是用范德华特的宗教容忍度量表来衡量的。本研究发现承诺与宗教宽容呈负相关，探索与宗教宽容无相关。从四种身份状态测试中发现，大多数参与者属于身份扩散类别，这意味着大多数参与者对意识形态没有特定的承诺和兴趣。结果还显示，在宗教宽容方面，身份暂停的平均值最高，而在宗教宽容方面，身份成就和身份丧失的平均值存在显著差异。基于承诺方面，具有成就和丧失抵押品赎回权身份状态的参与者倾向于宗教不容忍，而具有身份暂停状态的参与者则对他人的世界观最开放。关键词:认同地位，宗教宽容，青少年。摘要:Adanya survei yang menunjukkan besarnya kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan radickalisme melandasi penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara地位，身份与宽容beragama paadaja remaja。[15] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j] [j]。身份认同、身份认同、身份认同、身份认同、身份认同、身份认同、身份认同过程问卷(EIPQ)。范德华，范德华，范德华，范德华。Hasil分析menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan负的antara维度是komitmen dengan tolerance - beragama, sedangkan维度是eksplorasi dengan tolerance - beragama, terbukti berhubungan。Hasil里头terhadap 4 kategori地位identitas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian大的partisipan berada dalam kategori identitas扩散杨berarti有些memiliki komitmen ideologis。Selain itu，身份暂停，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆，记忆。Berdasarkan pada tingginya维度komitmen dan karakteristik masing- maskategori身份认同，身份成就，身份丧失，merupakan kategori yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bersika不容忍，sedangkan身份暂停masih memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perbedaan agama atauth意识形态。
{"title":"Status Identitas dan Toleransi Beragama pada Remaja","authors":"Vinaya Untoro, Maharani Ardi Putri","doi":"10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p46-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p46-59","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research which found that adolescent tend to involve in radicalism make interesting to find out the relationship between identity status and religious tolerance in adolescence. This research involved 157 participants whose ages ranged from 11 to 24 years. The variable of identity status was conceptualized based on Erikson’s exploration and commitment aspects, and was measured using Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Meanwhile, religious tolerance was measured using a rating scale adapted from van der Walt’s religious tolerance scale. This study found negative relationship between commitment and religious tolerance, and there is no a relationship between exploration and religious tolerance. From four identity status tested, it is found that most participants are in the category of identity diffusion which means that most participants have no specific commitment and interest in ideology. The result also shows that identity moratorium has the highest mean in religious tolerance, and it is found significantly different with identity achievement and identity foreclosure. Based on the commitment aspect, participants with achievement and foreclosure identity status tend to be religiously intolerance, while those with identity moratorium are found most open to the others’ worldviews.Keywords: Identity status, religious tolerance, adolescentAbstrak: Adanya survei yang menunjukkan besarnya kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan radikalisme melandasi dilakukannya penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara status identitas dan toleransi beragama pada remaja. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 157 remaja dengan rentang usia 11-24 tahun, yang dimasukkan dalam 4 kategori status identitas. Status identitas diukur dengan menggunakan dua kriteria utama pembentukan identitas dari Erikson, yaitu exploration dan commitment, serta diukur menggunakan skala Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Toleransi beragama diukur menggunakan skala toleransi agama yang diadaptasi dari skala yang disusun van der Walt. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif antara dimensi komitmen dengan toleransi beragama, sedangkan dimensi eksplorasi dengan toleransi beragama tidak terbukti berhubungan. Hasil uji terhadap 4 kategori status identitas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar partisipan berada dalam kategori identitas diffusion yang berarti tidak memiliki komitmen ideologis. Selain itu, identity moratorium memiliki rerata yang paling tinggi dalam toleransi beragama dan berbeda signifikan dengan identity achievement dan identity foreclosure. Berdasarkan pada tingginya dimensi komitmen dan karakteristik masing-masing kategori status identitas, identity achieve-ment dan identity foreclosure merupakan kategori yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bersikap intoleran, sedangkan identity moratorium masih memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perbedaan agama atau ideologi.","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44233125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p60-73
Setyani Alfinuha, Bagus H Hadi, Frikson C. Sinambela
This study aims to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent orphanages through psychological capital training. The psychological capital aspects provided in this training were hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO). The material was conveyed using the experiential learning approach with lecturing, audio-visual method, written assignments, discussion, plays, and reflection. The research participants were 20 teenagers from Pelita orphanages (14-18 years) at Surabaya. The design chosen was one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected using The Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-being and analyzed using paired sample t-test with the help of SPSS 16.0 version. The result shows that there is a significant difference in participants’ psychological well-being between before and after training was given. This proves that HERO training in this study is able to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent orphanages.Keywords: psychological well-being, psychological capital, teenage orphanages Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis remaja yang tinggal di Panti Asuhan Pelita melalui pelatihan modal psikologis. Aspek modal psikologis yang diberikan pada pelatihan ini yaitu hope, self-efficacy, resilience, dan optimism (HERO). Materi disampaikan menggunakan konsep experiential learning dengan metode lecturing, audio-visual, tugas tertulis, dikusi, permainan, dan refleksi. Partisipan penelitian yaitu 20 remaja (14 – 18 tahun). Desain yang dipilih adalah one-group pretest-posttest design. Variabel kesejahteraan psikologis diukur menggunakan The Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-being. Analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan diberikan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan psikologis meningkat setelah diberi pelatihan HERO.
{"title":"Pelatihan HERO untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Remaja Panti Asuhan","authors":"Setyani Alfinuha, Bagus H Hadi, Frikson C. Sinambela","doi":"10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p60-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p60-73","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent orphanages through psychological capital training. The psychological capital aspects provided in this training were hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO). The material was conveyed using the experiential learning approach with lecturing, audio-visual method, written assignments, discussion, plays, and reflection. The research participants were 20 teenagers from Pelita orphanages (14-18 years) at Surabaya. The design chosen was one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected using The Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-being and analyzed using paired sample t-test with the help of SPSS 16.0 version. The result shows that there is a significant difference in participants’ psychological well-being between before and after training was given. This proves that HERO training in this study is able to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent orphanages.Keywords: psychological well-being, psychological capital, teenage orphanages Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis remaja yang tinggal di Panti Asuhan Pelita melalui pelatihan modal psikologis. Aspek modal psikologis yang diberikan pada pelatihan ini yaitu hope, self-efficacy, resilience, dan optimism (HERO). Materi disampaikan menggunakan konsep experiential learning dengan metode lecturing, audio-visual, tugas tertulis, dikusi, permainan, dan refleksi. Partisipan penelitian yaitu 20 remaja (14 – 18 tahun). Desain yang dipilih adalah one-group pretest-posttest design. Variabel kesejahteraan psikologis diukur menggunakan The Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-being. Analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan diberikan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan psikologis meningkat setelah diberi pelatihan HERO.","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p74-84
Wulansari Ardianingsih, Rose Mini Agus Salim
Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies can be defined as the knowledge or awareness about strategies to process reading materials, the ability to monitor comprehension, and the ability to employ strategies in understanding text. Previous studies show inconsistent results regarding the role of gender in the metacognitive awareness of reading. The current study aims to evaluate gender differences in the students’ knowlegde of metacognitive strategies in reading. This study involves 137 students (59 boys and 78 girls) from grade 4 to 6. The current study uses Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) that consists of 3 subscales: global strategy, problem solving, and support strategy. Results show that female students outperform male students in their metacognitive awareness, both in general scale and in each type of strategy. In addition, the most used strategy is the problem solving strategy, while the least used is the support strategy. This finding suggests that teachers need to consider the gender difference in determining the effective methods of delivering materials in classrooms. Keywords: metacognitive awareness, reading, gender differencesAbstrak: Kesadaran metakognitif dalam membaca dapat didefinisikan sebagai pengetahuan akan strategi untuk memproses bacaan, kemampuan untuk memonitor pemahaman, dan kemampuan untuk mengatur strategi yang dibutuhkan untuk memahami bacaan. Hingga saat ini masih terdapat hasil yang tidak konsisten mengenai peran gender dalam kesadaran metakognitif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah lebih dalam mengenai bagaimana perbedaan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada kesadaran metakogntifnya dalam membaca, khususnya pada bacaan akademik. Penelitian melibatkan 137 siswa (59 laki-laki dan 78 perempuan) kelas 4 – 6 Sekolah Dasar (SD) dengan menggunakan alat ukur Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) yang terdiri atas 3 dimensi: strategi global, penyelesaian masalah, dan strategi pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa perempuan lebih sering menggunakan strategi metakognitif dibandingkan siswa laki-laki, baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada masing-masing jenis strategi. Selanjutnya, jenis strategi yang paling banyak dipakai adalah strategi penyelesaian masalah, sedangkan strategi yang paling jarang dipakai adalah strategi pendukung bacaan. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi pada kebutuhan guru untuk memperhatikan perbedaan gender siswa ketika menentukan metode penyampaian tugas atau materi belajar agar pembelajaran berlangsung efektif.
{"title":"Perbedaan Gender pada Kesadaran Metakognitif dalam Strategi Membaca Bacaan Akademik","authors":"Wulansari Ardianingsih, Rose Mini Agus Salim","doi":"10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p74-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p74-84","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies can be defined as the knowledge or awareness about strategies to process reading materials, the ability to monitor comprehension, and the ability to employ strategies in understanding text. Previous studies show inconsistent results regarding the role of gender in the metacognitive awareness of reading. The current study aims to evaluate gender differences in the students’ knowlegde of metacognitive strategies in reading. This study involves 137 students (59 boys and 78 girls) from grade 4 to 6. The current study uses Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) that consists of 3 subscales: global strategy, problem solving, and support strategy. Results show that female students outperform male students in their metacognitive awareness, both in general scale and in each type of strategy. In addition, the most used strategy is the problem solving strategy, while the least used is the support strategy. This finding suggests that teachers need to consider the gender difference in determining the effective methods of delivering materials in classrooms. Keywords: metacognitive awareness, reading, gender differencesAbstrak: Kesadaran metakognitif dalam membaca dapat didefinisikan sebagai pengetahuan akan strategi untuk memproses bacaan, kemampuan untuk memonitor pemahaman, dan kemampuan untuk mengatur strategi yang dibutuhkan untuk memahami bacaan. Hingga saat ini masih terdapat hasil yang tidak konsisten mengenai peran gender dalam kesadaran metakognitif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah lebih dalam mengenai bagaimana perbedaan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada kesadaran metakogntifnya dalam membaca, khususnya pada bacaan akademik. Penelitian melibatkan 137 siswa (59 laki-laki dan 78 perempuan) kelas 4 – 6 Sekolah Dasar (SD) dengan menggunakan alat ukur Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) yang terdiri atas 3 dimensi: strategi global, penyelesaian masalah, dan strategi pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa perempuan lebih sering menggunakan strategi metakognitif dibandingkan siswa laki-laki, baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada masing-masing jenis strategi. Selanjutnya, jenis strategi yang paling banyak dipakai adalah strategi penyelesaian masalah, sedangkan strategi yang paling jarang dipakai adalah strategi pendukung bacaan. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi pada kebutuhan guru untuk memperhatikan perbedaan gender siswa ketika menentukan metode penyampaian tugas atau materi belajar agar pembelajaran berlangsung efektif.","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48184644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p31-45
Novensia Wongpy, Jenni Setiawan
Work-family interface can be viewed from two directions, work-to-family and family-to-work. The imbalance in carrying out two roles in the area of work and family will trigger conflict, which is known as work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The aim of this study was to compare work and family conflicts in working husbands and wives. The participants were 30 married couples (60 persons) who have one child and work as employees, managers and entrepreneurs. Work-family conflict was measured using a questionnaire that measures the level of conflict in two directions, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The result shows that there is no difference in work-to-family conflict between husbands and wives. However, there is difference between work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict with the average of work-to-family conflict is higher than family-to-work conflict for both husbands and wives. The findings indicate that gender difference does not affect the ways in balancing between work and family roles among both husbands and wives.Keywords: Work-family conflict, family-work conflict, dual career coupleAbstrak: Work-Family Interface dapat ditinjau dari dua arah yaitu work-to-family dan family-to-work. Ketidakseimbangan dalam menjalankan dua peran di area pekerjaan dan keluarga akan memicu konflik yang disebut sebagai work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konflik pekerjaan dan keluarga pada pasangan suami dan istri yang keduanya bekerja. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 pasangan suami istri (60 orang), minimal telah memiliki satu anak dan bekerja sebagai karyawan, manager maupun wiraswasta. Work-family conflict diukur dengan menggunakan angket tertutup yang mengukur level konflik dari dua arah yaitu work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan work-family conflict antara kelompok suami dan kelompok istri. Namun, terdapat perbedaan antara work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict dengan nilai rata-rata work-to-family conflict lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan family-to-work conflict baik pada kelompok suami maupun istri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan gender dalam cara menyeimbangkan peran dalam pekerjaan dan rumah tangga.
{"title":"Konflik Pekerjaan dan Keluarga Pada Pasangan dengan Peran Ganda","authors":"Novensia Wongpy, Jenni Setiawan","doi":"10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p31-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p31-45","url":null,"abstract":"Work-family interface can be viewed from two directions, work-to-family and family-to-work. The imbalance in carrying out two roles in the area of work and family will trigger conflict, which is known as work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The aim of this study was to compare work and family conflicts in working husbands and wives. The participants were 30 married couples (60 persons) who have one child and work as employees, managers and entrepreneurs. Work-family conflict was measured using a questionnaire that measures the level of conflict in two directions, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The result shows that there is no difference in work-to-family conflict between husbands and wives. However, there is difference between work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict with the average of work-to-family conflict is higher than family-to-work conflict for both husbands and wives. The findings indicate that gender difference does not affect the ways in balancing between work and family roles among both husbands and wives.Keywords: Work-family conflict, family-work conflict, dual career coupleAbstrak: Work-Family Interface dapat ditinjau dari dua arah yaitu work-to-family dan family-to-work. Ketidakseimbangan dalam menjalankan dua peran di area pekerjaan dan keluarga akan memicu konflik yang disebut sebagai work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konflik pekerjaan dan keluarga pada pasangan suami dan istri yang keduanya bekerja. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 pasangan suami istri (60 orang), minimal telah memiliki satu anak dan bekerja sebagai karyawan, manager maupun wiraswasta. Work-family conflict diukur dengan menggunakan angket tertutup yang mengukur level konflik dari dua arah yaitu work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan work-family conflict antara kelompok suami dan kelompok istri. Namun, terdapat perbedaan antara work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict dengan nilai rata-rata work-to-family conflict lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan family-to-work conflict baik pada kelompok suami maupun istri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan gender dalam cara menyeimbangkan peran dalam pekerjaan dan rumah tangga.","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p15-30
Annisa Nurul Utami, Puji Lestari Suharso, Rose Mini Agus Salim
This present study aimed to analyze the role of self-oriented perfectionism in mediating the effect of fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles on Career Decision Self-Efficacy (CDSE) among students in Grade 11 Senior High School. The participants of the study comprised 179 students who were selected through convenience sampling method. This study employed three instruments, namely Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Data were analyzed by Hayes’s PROCESS Macro. Generally, the results show that fathers’ permissive parenting and mothers’ authoritarian parenting have an influence on the degree of CDSE among students which is mediated by self-oriented perfectionism. Moreover, the effect of fathers’ authoritative parenting predicts CDSE directly without the mediation effect of self-oriented perfectionism, whilst mothers’ authoritative parenting influences CDSE both directly and indirectly. Therefore, considering the actualization of proper parenting styles is necessary in order to build perfectionism personality which supports students’ effectiveness in career decision making.Keywords: Career decision self-efficacy, parenting styles, self-oriented perfectionism, studentsAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran perfeksionisme orientasi diri dalam memediasi pengaruh gaya pengasuhan ayah dan ibu terhadap Efikasi Keputusan Diri Keputusan Karir (Career Decision Self-Efficacy/CDSE) siswa kelas XI SMA. Sebanyak 178 partisipan terkumpul melalui teknik convenience sampling dalam pengisian tiga macam skala, yaitu Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Parental Authority Questionnaire, dan Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale yang sudah dilakukan adaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan PROCESS Macro dari Hayes. Secara umum, hasil uji menemukan bahwa gaya pengasuhan permisif ayah dan gaya pengasuhan otoriter ibu berpengaruh terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa melalui perfeksionisme orientasi diri. Sementara itu, pengaruh dari gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa hanya terjadi secara langsung. Adapun pengaruh dari gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ibu terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa dapat terjadi baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui mediasi perfeksionisme orientasi diri. Untuk itu, dengan penerapan gaya pengasuhan yang tepat, perkembangan pribadi perfeksionisme siswa dapat mendukung kenaikan efektivitas keputusan karier masa depan.
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Pub Date : 2019-09-28DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p1-14
Anindito Aditomo
This study seeks to evaluate the validity of a scale intended to measure actively open-minded thinking (AOT), and to explore whether AOT can predict academic performance. The Rasch model was applied to evaluate the scale’s construct validity through the mirt package in R. Scale validation was based upon a sample of university students in Surabaya (N=424), while regression analysis to predict academic achievement was based on a sub-sampel for which data was available (n=220). Rasch analysis results suggested that the 10-item self-report scale had good construct validity, especially when measuring participants from the lower end of the trait level spectrum. AOT was found to be positively and moderately correlated with conscientiousness and openness to experience. AOT also predicted higher performance in a course which assessed students’ ability to analyse and evaluate arguments, as well as overall performance assessed by their grade point average (GPA) 18 months later. These results suggest that AOT is an important variable that can be adequately measured using a self-report instrument. Further work should focus on creating items which are more difficult to endorse.Keywords: Thinking disposition, intellectual character, item-response theory, Big 5 personality, academic achievement Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi validitas sebuah skala disposisi berpikir terbuka secara aktif, serta mengeksplorasi kaitan disposisi tersebut dengan prestasi akademik. Validasi skala dilakukan pada sampel mahasiswa sebuah universitas di Surabaya (N=424), sedangkan regresi untuk memprediksi prestasi akademik dilakukan pada sub-sampel (n=220). Validasi dilakukan dengan model Rasch menggunakan paket mirt di program R. Hasil pemodelan Rasch menunjukkan bahwa skala disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif memiliki validitas konstruk yang baik, terutama untuk sampel dengan tingkat disposisi yang rendah. Disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif juga terbukti berkorelasi positif moderat dengan dimensi kepribadian openness to experience dan conscientiousness. Selain itu, disposisi tersebut juga terbukti memprediksi prestasi belajar pada mata kuliah yang mengukur kemampuan analisis/evaluasi argumen, serta pada indeks prestasi secara keseluruhan 18 bulan kemudian. Dalam disimpulkan bahwa disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif merupakan konstruk yang perlu diperhatikan oleh peneliti maupun praktisi pendidikan. Pengembangan skala perlu diarahkan pada penulisan butir-butir yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan lebih tinggi.
本研究旨在评估积极开放思维(AOT)量表的效度，并探讨AOT是否可以预测学习成绩。通过r中的mirt包，采用Rasch模型评估量表的结构效度。量表验证基于泗水市大学生样本(N=424)，而回归分析预测学业成绩基于可获得数据的子样本(N= 220)。Rasch分析结果表明，10项自述量表具有较好的结构效度，特别是当测量来自特质水平谱低端的参与者时。AOT与责任心和经验开放性呈正相关和中度相关。AOT还预测了学生在一门评估学生分析和评价论点能力的课程中的更好表现，以及18个月后通过平均绩点(GPA)评估的整体表现。这些结果表明，AOT是一个重要的变量，可以使用自我报告工具充分测量。进一步的工作应侧重于创造更难以批准的项目。关键词:思维倾向、智力特征、项目反应理论、大五人格、学业成就摘要:Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluisvalidity as sebuah skala disposition、berpikir terbuka secara aktif、serta mengeksplorasi kaitan disposition、terengan prestasakademik。(N=424); (N= 220); (N= 220)。验证的dilakukan dengan模型Rasch menggunakan paket mirddi程序R. Hasil pemodelan Rasch menunjukkan bahwa skala disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif memoriliki validitas konstruk yang baik, terutama untuk样本dengan tingkat disposisi yang rendah。性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格、性格。Selain itu, disisisterterkti memprestasi belajar pada mata kuliah yang mengukur kemapan分析/评价论证，serta pada indeks prestasi secara keseluruhan 18 bulan kemudian。Dalam dispulpulkan bahwa disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif merupakan konstruk yang perlu dihatikan oleh peneliti maupun praktisi pendidikan。Pengembangan skala perlu diarahkan pada penulisan butir-butir yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan lebih tinggi。
{"title":"Disposisi Berpikir Terbuka secara Aktif: Definisi, Pengukuran, dan Kaitannya dengan Prestasi Akademik","authors":"Anindito Aditomo","doi":"10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p1-14","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to evaluate the validity of a scale intended to measure actively open-minded thinking (AOT), and to explore whether AOT can predict academic performance. The Rasch model was applied to evaluate the scale’s construct validity through the mirt package in R. Scale validation was based upon a sample of university students in Surabaya (N=424), while regression analysis to predict academic achievement was based on a sub-sampel for which data was available (n=220). Rasch analysis results suggested that the 10-item self-report scale had good construct validity, especially when measuring participants from the lower end of the trait level spectrum. AOT was found to be positively and moderately correlated with conscientiousness and openness to experience. AOT also predicted higher performance in a course which assessed students’ ability to analyse and evaluate arguments, as well as overall performance assessed by their grade point average (GPA) 18 months later. These results suggest that AOT is an important variable that can be adequately measured using a self-report instrument. Further work should focus on creating items which are more difficult to endorse.Keywords: Thinking disposition, intellectual character, item-response theory, Big 5 personality, academic achievement Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi validitas sebuah skala disposisi berpikir terbuka secara aktif, serta mengeksplorasi kaitan disposisi tersebut dengan prestasi akademik. Validasi skala dilakukan pada sampel mahasiswa sebuah universitas di Surabaya (N=424), sedangkan regresi untuk memprediksi prestasi akademik dilakukan pada sub-sampel (n=220). Validasi dilakukan dengan model Rasch menggunakan paket mirt di program R. Hasil pemodelan Rasch menunjukkan bahwa skala disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif memiliki validitas konstruk yang baik, terutama untuk sampel dengan tingkat disposisi yang rendah. Disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif juga terbukti berkorelasi positif moderat dengan dimensi kepribadian openness to experience dan conscientiousness. Selain itu, disposisi tersebut juga terbukti memprediksi prestasi belajar pada mata kuliah yang mengukur kemampuan analisis/evaluasi argumen, serta pada indeks prestasi secara keseluruhan 18 bulan kemudian. Dalam disimpulkan bahwa disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif merupakan konstruk yang perlu diperhatikan oleh peneliti maupun praktisi pendidikan. Pengembangan skala perlu diarahkan pada penulisan butir-butir yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan lebih tinggi.","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69098135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-26DOI: 10.26740/JPTT.V9N2.P122-134
Amelia Hanifa Iswan, Lucia R. M. Royanto
This study examines the effectiveness of an anti-bullying training program for elementary school bullies. The training program provides knowledge about bullying as well as various activities that can improve the ability of empathy and self control and decrease bullying behaviors. A quasi-experiment with one-group pretest-and-posttest design was employed. Fifteen elementary school student bullies from the class of 5A and 5B were recruited based on the results of teachers’ interviews, students’ sociometry and focus group discussions (FGD). Data were collected using empathy scale and Peer Interaction in Primary School Questionnaire. Qualitative data were also collected from participants and their teachers using interviews and FGD. Data on bullying behavior and empathy were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, while knowledge of bullying and self control were analyzed qualitatively. The result of t-test shows that the effect of the anti-bullying training is not significant. However, results from qualitative analysis show that participants' knowledge about bullying has increased and bullying behaviors of participants, primarily among students of class 5B, have decreased. In contrast, bullying behaviors of participants from the class 5A remain unchanged. The ways the homeroom teachers use to manage both classrooms determine the changes in bullying behaviors.Keywords: Bullying, training, empathy, self-control, primary school students
{"title":"Intervensi Perilaku Perundungan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar sebagai Pelaku","authors":"Amelia Hanifa Iswan, Lucia R. M. Royanto","doi":"10.26740/JPTT.V9N2.P122-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26740/JPTT.V9N2.P122-134","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effectiveness of an anti-bullying training program for elementary school bullies. The training program provides knowledge about bullying as well as various activities that can improve the ability of empathy and self control and decrease bullying behaviors. A quasi-experiment with one-group pretest-and-posttest design was employed. Fifteen elementary school student bullies from the class of 5A and 5B were recruited based on the results of teachers’ interviews, students’ sociometry and focus group discussions (FGD). Data were collected using empathy scale and Peer Interaction in Primary School Questionnaire. Qualitative data were also collected from participants and their teachers using interviews and FGD. Data on bullying behavior and empathy were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, while knowledge of bullying and self control were analyzed qualitatively. The result of t-test shows that the effect of the anti-bullying training is not significant. However, results from qualitative analysis show that participants' knowledge about bullying has increased and bullying behaviors of participants, primarily among students of class 5B, have decreased. In contrast, bullying behaviors of participants from the class 5A remain unchanged. The ways the homeroom teachers use to manage both classrooms determine the changes in bullying behaviors.Keywords: Bullying, training, empathy, self-control, primary school students","PeriodicalId":32575,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43218664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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