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Optical and computational investigations: Assessing the impact of absolute ethanol mixtures on diesel spray behavior

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134756

I Komang Gede Tryas Agameru Putra , Ho Xuan Duy Nguyen , Quang Khai Tran , Ocktaeck Lim

Spray characteristics are among the variables that have a direct impact on both engine performance and engine design, thus significantly affecting the ignition and emission parameters of diesel engines. This study combines experimental methods and computational fluid dynamics simulations to comprehensively investigate spray characteristics. A constant volume chamber replicating diesel engine conditions is utilized to assess the impact of incorporating absolute ethanol in diesel blends. MATLAB image processing techniques are employed to analyze the spray development images captured using a high-speed camera with the shadowgraph optical method. Macroscopic spray features, including spray penetration length, cone angle, and spray area are studied experimentally, while simulations explore microscopic features like Sauter mean diameter. The experimental matrix varies the absolute ethanol content (10%, 20%, 30%) in the blends and the injection strategies. Results reveal that ethanol addition alters the fuel’s physicochemical properties, reducing density, viscosity, and surface tension, leading to shorter penetration and broader cone angle. Blends with lower viscosity and surface tension exhibit larger cone angles, while higher-density blends boost penetration. Increasing ethanol concentration further reduces droplet size, indicating enhanced spray breakup and atomization processes. Moreover, the spray characteristics are also influenced by injection parameters highlighting the importance of an optimized injection strategy in spray development.

{"title":"Optical and computational investigations: Assessing the impact of absolute ethanol mixtures on diesel spray behavior","authors":"I Komang Gede Tryas Agameru Putra , Ho Xuan Duy Nguyen , Quang Khai Tran , Ocktaeck Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spray characteristics are among the variables that have a direct impact on both engine performance and engine design, thus significantly affecting the ignition and emission parameters of diesel engines. This study combines experimental methods and computational fluid dynamics simulations to comprehensively investigate spray characteristics. A constant volume chamber replicating diesel engine conditions is utilized to assess the impact of incorporating absolute ethanol in diesel blends. MATLAB image processing techniques are employed to analyze the spray development images captured using a high-speed camera with the shadowgraph optical method. Macroscopic spray features, including spray penetration length, cone angle, and spray area are studied experimentally, while simulations explore microscopic features like Sauter mean diameter. The experimental matrix varies the absolute ethanol content (10%, 20%, 30%) in the blends and the injection strategies. Results reveal that ethanol addition alters the fuel’s physicochemical properties, reducing density, viscosity, and surface tension, leading to shorter penetration and broader cone angle. Blends with lower viscosity and surface tension exhibit larger cone angles, while higher-density blends boost penetration. Increasing ethanol concentration further reduces droplet size, indicating enhanced spray breakup and atomization processes. Moreover, the spray characteristics are also influenced by injection parameters highlighting the importance of an optimized injection strategy in spray development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134756"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life cycle analysis of hydrotreated vegetable oils production based on green hydrogen and used cooking oils

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134749

Wagd Ajeeb , Diogo Melo Gomes , Rui Costa Neto , Patrícia Baptista

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVOs) have won significant attention worldwide as a viable alternative to fossil diesel in transportation. In the present study, a life cycle analysis (LCA) of the production of HVO is conducted, focused on HVO in the case of Portugal. The production process considered exploits used cooking oils (UCOs), alongside green hydrogen (GH₂). SimaPro software is used to analyse the environmental impacts of the entire value chain associated with the production of GH₂ and HVO. The resulting environmental impacts are also compared with other conventional scenarios that include using virgin oils and the grid mix electricity. The LCA results demonstrated that the HVO produced using GH₂ and UCO has a reduction in environmental impacts by around 0.23 to 0.45 kg CO₂ eq./kg HVO compared to the conventional scenarios. The lowest GWP level observed is in the UCO with PV/Wind electricity scenario at 0.304 kg CO₂ eq/kg HVO, While the highest GWP is for using Palm Oil with grid mix at 0.748 kg CO₂ eq/kg HVO. These findings underscore the significant influence of electricity sources and feedstock type on the GWP values in HVO production.

{"title":"Life cycle analysis of hydrotreated vegetable oils production based on green hydrogen and used cooking oils","authors":"Wagd Ajeeb , Diogo Melo Gomes , Rui Costa Neto , Patrícia Baptista","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVOs) have won significant attention worldwide as a viable alternative to fossil diesel in transportation. In the present study, a life cycle analysis (LCA) of the production of HVO is conducted, focused on HVO in the case of Portugal. The production process considered exploits used cooking oils (UCOs), alongside green hydrogen (GH<sub>2</sub>). SimaPro software is used to analyse the environmental impacts of the entire value chain associated with the production of GH<sub>2</sub> and HVO. The resulting environmental impacts are also compared with other conventional scenarios that include using virgin oils and the grid mix electricity. The LCA results demonstrated that the HVO produced using GH<sub>2</sub> and UCO has a reduction in environmental impacts by around 0.23 to 0.45 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./kg HVO compared to the conventional scenarios. The lowest GWP level observed is in the UCO with PV/Wind electricity scenario at 0.304 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/kg HVO, While the highest GWP is for using Palm Oil with grid mix at 0.748 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/kg HVO. These findings underscore the significant influence of electricity sources and feedstock type on the GWP values in HVO production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134749"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promotional effects of phosphotungstic acid on the alkali metals poisoning resistance of MnOx catalyst for NH3-SCR

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134728

Hongyan Xue, Xiaoming Guo, Qiangsheng Guo, Zhaoteng Xue, Jun Yu, Tao Meng, Dongsen Mao

One of the main challenges for NH₃-SCR catalysts in industrial applications is the deactivation caused by alkali metals in the flue gas. In the study, the influences of various alkali metals (Li, Na, K) on the NH₃-SCR activity of Mn-based catalysts were investigated. The findings reveal that the deactivation of Mn-based catalyst decreased in the following order of Na > K > Li after the same mass of alkali metals was deposited. The incorporation of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) significantly enhances the resistance of MnO_x to alkali metals at temperatures below 180 °C. Notably, the SCR performance of HPW modified MnO_x (Mn-HPW) was nearly unaffected by alkali metals within the range of 180–300 °C, converting over 90 % NO_x on poisoned Mn-HPW at 150–270 °C. HPW increases the specific surface area of the poisoned MnO_x catalyst, thereby promoting the adsorption and activation of the reactants on the catalyst surface. Additionally, HPW mitigates the destruction of the acid sites on MnO_x surface by alkali metal species and weakens the redox property of the poisoned MnO_x catalyst, which helps prevent over-oxidation of NH₃ and facilitates NH₃ species involvement in the SCR reaction. Furthermore, HPW enables the surface of the poisoned MnO_x-based catalyst to retain the active nitrate intermediate, contributing to NO_x conversion at low temperatures.

{"title":"Promotional effects of phosphotungstic acid on the alkali metals poisoning resistance of MnOx catalyst for NH3-SCR","authors":"Hongyan Xue, Xiaoming Guo, Qiangsheng Guo, Zhaoteng Xue, Jun Yu, Tao Meng, Dongsen Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main challenges for NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR catalysts in industrial applications is the deactivation caused by alkali metals in the flue gas. In the study, the influences of various alkali metals (Li, Na, K) on the NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR activity of Mn-based catalysts were investigated. The findings reveal that the deactivation of Mn-based catalyst decreased in the following order of Na > K > Li after the same mass of alkali metals was deposited. The incorporation of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) significantly enhances the resistance of MnO<sub>x</sub> to alkali metals at temperatures below 180 °C. Notably, the SCR performance of HPW modified MnO<sub>x</sub> (Mn-HPW) was nearly unaffected by alkali metals within the range of 180–300 °C, converting over 90 % NO<sub>x</sub> on poisoned Mn-HPW at 150–270 °C. HPW increases the specific surface area of the poisoned MnO<sub>x</sub> catalyst, thereby promoting the adsorption and activation of the reactants on the catalyst surface. Additionally, HPW mitigates the destruction of the acid sites on MnO<sub>x</sub> surface by alkali metal species and weakens the redox property of the poisoned MnO<sub>x</sub> catalyst, which helps prevent over-oxidation of NH<sub>3</sub> and facilitates NH<sub>3</sub> species involvement in the SCR reaction. Furthermore, HPW enables the surface of the poisoned MnO<sub>x</sub>-based catalyst to retain the active nitrate intermediate, contributing to NO<sub>x</sub> conversion at low temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134728"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-liquefaction of high ash coal and electronic waste plastics: Study of liquefaction reaction kinetics and characterization of the co-liquefied oil

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134754

Shekhar Jyoti Pathak, Prabu Vairakannu

Thermochemical co-processing of lower rank coals and electronic waste plastics can be a potential way of producing valuable chemical products. This paper is mainly focused on co-processing high ash coal and electronic waste plastics via direct co-liquefaction at 375-425℃ for 8–60 min using N₂ (20 bar initial pressure) to produce high calorific and transportable oil without adding catalyst and solvent. Effects of operating conditions were investigated and the optimum conditions were found to be 425℃ and 30 min for maximizing the oil formation of 30.04 wt%. A kinetic model was developed assuming reaction pathways that assessed 39.51 kJ/mol energy requirement to activate mixed feed to oil formation reaction. Synergistic effect of co-liquefying coal/plastic mixture was observed in the oil quality enhancement in terms of calorific value (from 39.67 to 42.15 MJ/kg), H/C ratio (from 1.21 to 1.29) and dynamic viscosity (from 9.67 to 4.05 mPa-sec) compared to single electronic waste plastic liquefied oil. Major hydrocarbons present in the co-liquefied oil have a carbon chain length C₇-C₂₄, comparable to that of the diesel composition (C₈-C₂₅). A probable reaction mechanism between high ash coal and electronic waste plastic is proposed based on the experimental studies.

{"title":"Co-liquefaction of high ash coal and electronic waste plastics: Study of liquefaction reaction kinetics and characterization of the co-liquefied oil","authors":"Shekhar Jyoti Pathak, Prabu Vairakannu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermochemical co-processing of lower rank coals and electronic waste plastics can be a potential way of producing valuable chemical products. This paper is mainly focused on co-processing high ash coal and electronic waste plastics via direct co-liquefaction at 375-425℃ for 8–60 min using N<sub>2</sub> (20 bar initial pressure) to produce high calorific and transportable oil without adding catalyst and solvent. Effects of operating conditions were investigated and the optimum conditions were found to be 425℃ and 30 min for maximizing the oil formation of 30.04 wt%. A kinetic model was developed assuming reaction pathways that assessed 39.51 kJ/mol energy requirement to activate mixed feed to oil formation reaction. Synergistic effect of co-liquefying coal/plastic mixture was observed in the oil quality enhancement in terms of calorific value (from 39.67 to 42.15 MJ/kg), H/C ratio (from 1.21 to 1.29) and dynamic viscosity (from 9.67 to 4.05 mPa-sec) compared to single electronic waste plastic liquefied oil. Major hydrocarbons present in the co-liquefied oil have a carbon chain length C<sub>7</sub>-C<sub>24</sub>, comparable to that of the diesel composition (C<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>25</sub>). A probable reaction mechanism between high ash coal and electronic waste plastic is proposed based on the experimental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134754"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BECCS carbon-negative technologies based on biomass thermochemical conversion: A review of critical pathways and research advances

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134743

Fu Wei , Shuxun Sang , Shiqi Liu , Jing-Ping Zhao , Xiao-Yan Zhao , Jing-Pei Cao

Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage/Utilization (BECCS/U) represents a promising carbon-negative technology critical for addressing global climate challenges and achieving carbon neutrality. Optimized biomass thermochemical conversion technologies integrated with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can efficiently convert biomass into bio-based chemicals, liquid/gas fuels, and electricity, facilitating net negative carbon emissions. The review herein focused on four primary biomass thermochemical conversion processes, namely torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, providing a systematic overview of their process reaction mechanisms, the distribution of reaction derivatives, the upgrading and conversion of primary volatiles. Emphasizing BECCS pathways, the review discussed technological options for integrating torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification with CCS, highlighting their process mechanisms, conversion targets, and technical potentials. It also surveyed the progress of thermochemical conversion coupled with CCS as a viable carbon-negative technology. Critical analyses examined the advantages and challenges of each approach, offering insights into future research directions and prospects. Overall, this comprehensive overview presented a technical roadmap and critical insights into biomass thermochemical conversion-based BECCS carbon-negative technologies, fostering advancements in sustainable energy solutions.

{"title":"BECCS carbon-negative technologies based on biomass thermochemical conversion: A review of critical pathways and research advances","authors":"Fu Wei , Shuxun Sang , Shiqi Liu , Jing-Ping Zhao , Xiao-Yan Zhao , Jing-Pei Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage/Utilization (BECCS/U) represents a promising carbon-negative technology critical for addressing global climate challenges and achieving carbon neutrality. Optimized biomass thermochemical conversion technologies integrated with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can efficiently convert biomass into bio-based chemicals, liquid/gas fuels, and electricity, facilitating net negative carbon emissions. The review herein focused on four primary biomass thermochemical conversion processes, namely torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, providing a systematic overview of their process reaction mechanisms, the distribution of reaction derivatives, the upgrading and conversion of primary volatiles. Emphasizing BECCS pathways, the review discussed technological options for integrating torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification with CCS, highlighting their process mechanisms, conversion targets, and technical potentials. It also surveyed the progress of thermochemical conversion coupled with CCS as a viable carbon-negative technology. Critical analyses examined the advantages and challenges of each approach, offering insights into future research directions and prospects. Overall, this comprehensive overview presented a technical roadmap and critical insights into biomass thermochemical conversion-based BECCS carbon-negative technologies, fostering advancements in sustainable energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134743"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A data-driven multi-criteria optimization of a biogas-fed s-graz cycle combined with biogas steam reforming and Claude cycle for sustainable hydrogen liquefaction

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134700

Milad Feili , Maghsoud Abdollahi Haghghi , Hadi Ghaebi , Hassan Athari

The purpose of this research is to develop and optimize an innovative trigeneration approach using biogas fuel, focusing on hydrogen production and liquefaction. This approach will increase the long-term sustainability associated with biogas utilization and lower corresponding irreversibility and environmental concerns. The proposed system employs a biogas-powered S-Graz plant enhanced with a carbon capture unit, a biogas steam reforming subsystem for hydrogen production, and a Claude cycle for hydrogen liquefaction. The configuration is modeled and analyzed to determine the system’s feasibility regarding thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and sustainability factors. Following this, a data-driven optimization method is employed to reduce the optimization time and enhance its accuracy through MATLAB software, utilizing ANN models combined with NSGA-II and TOPSIS methods. The optimization procedure objective functions include total exergy efficiency, liquefied hydrogen production rate, and unit cost of products, yielding their optimal values of 0.5154, 2.23 lit/s, and 17.88 $/GJ, respectively. The optimization also indicates the total exergy destruction at a rate of 18.293 MW and the sustainability index of 2.06. Besides, the total investment cost rate, net present value, and exergoeconomic factor are found at 372.4 $/h, 33.99 M$, and 15.19 %, respectively. These results demonstrate the substantial economic and environmental benefits of integrating hydrogen production into biogas-based multi-generation systems, highlighting the potential for improved exergy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. This work exhibits the way for more sustainable energy solutions, contributing significantly to the development of cleaner technologies considering biogas utilization.

{"title":"A data-driven multi-criteria optimization of a biogas-fed s-graz cycle combined with biogas steam reforming and Claude cycle for sustainable hydrogen liquefaction","authors":"Milad Feili , Maghsoud Abdollahi Haghghi , Hadi Ghaebi , Hassan Athari","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this research is to develop and optimize an innovative trigeneration approach using biogas fuel, focusing on hydrogen production and liquefaction. This approach will increase the long-term sustainability associated with biogas utilization and lower corresponding irreversibility and environmental concerns. The proposed system employs a biogas-powered S-Graz plant enhanced with a carbon capture unit, a biogas steam reforming subsystem for hydrogen production, and a Claude cycle for hydrogen liquefaction. The configuration is modeled and analyzed to determine the system’s feasibility regarding thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and sustainability factors. Following this, a data-driven optimization method is employed to reduce the optimization time and enhance its accuracy through MATLAB software, utilizing ANN models combined with NSGA-II and TOPSIS methods. The optimization procedure objective functions include total exergy efficiency, liquefied hydrogen production rate, and unit cost of products, yielding their optimal values of 0.5154, 2.23 lit/s, and 17.88 $/GJ, respectively. The optimization also indicates the total exergy destruction at a rate of 18.293 MW and the sustainability index of 2.06. Besides, the total investment cost rate, net present value, and exergoeconomic factor are found at 372.4 $/h, 33.99 M$, and 15.19 %, respectively. These results demonstrate the substantial economic and environmental benefits of integrating hydrogen production into biogas-based multi-generation systems, highlighting the potential for improved exergy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. This work exhibits the way for more sustainable energy solutions, contributing significantly to the development of cleaner technologies considering biogas utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unusual redox dynamics of Nb in the perovskite LaNbxNi1-XO3 and its impact on the dry catalytic reforming of methane

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134720

Gema Gil-Muñoz, Juan Alcañiz-Monge

This study investigates the potential of Nb doping in Ni-based perovskites as a precursor for dry reforming of methane (DRM) applications. X-ray diffraction results indicate that Nb solubility in the LaNiO₃ perovskite structure can be up to 25 % of B-sites. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggests that the Nb incorporated into the perovskite adopts an unusual oxidation state (+4). The reducibility of Ni on this catalyst is influenced by both factors, which, in turn, affect its activity and catalytic stability during the DRM reaction. The duration of the reduction stage plays a crucial role, with an optimal reduction time identified: shorter reduction times result in lower catalytic activity but higher stability, while longer reduction times lead to higher catalytic activity but reduced stability. Carbon deposition on the surface of Ni nanoparticles is more pronounced in Nb-doped samples.

引用次数: 0

Applying membrane technology for preparing low salinity for hybrid nanofluid, surfactant, and alkaline enhanced oil recovery process

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134713

Peyman Koreh , Mostafa Lashkarbolooki , Majid Peyravi , Hasan N. Al-Saedi

The use of an individual or hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies and their main active mechanisms are complicated issues that should be investigated in more detail. Recently, nanofluids and smart water have gained special attention as appropriate enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies due to their excellent capability in changing interfacial properties. In addition, surfactant, alkaline and their combination are conventional chemical EOR agents. This study was aimed at evaluating synergistic/antagonistic of hybrid smart-nanofluid-alkaline solutions with examination of different combinations of these agents based on seawater and treatment of seawater by membrane desalination process. Firstly, the salinity of seawater decreased from 39650 ppm (ionic strength of about 0.7 M) to 4275 ppm (ionic strength = 0.09 M) using microfiltration membrane. Secondly, a hydrophilic nanoparticle of SiO₂ was synthesized from rice husk with the mean particle size of 70 nm. In the third stage, the effects of salinity, alkaline, SDS as anionic surfactant, SiO₂ and PVP as stabilizer of SiO₂ were investigated through interfacial tension (IFT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), microemulsion, and contact angle measurements as well as spreading coefficient calculation. Even though dilution of seawater showed an appropriate modification in the spreading coefficient due to the favorite wettability alteration, the addition of SiO₂ nanoparticles showed an insignificant modification. It was also revealed that the individual SDS had better performance compared to all considered hybrid solutions because of experiencing the most IFT reduction (∼0.1 mN/m), favorite wettability alteration for fracture carbonate reservoir (155° to 35°), the highest spreading coefficient (∼-0.03) and the lowest CMC value (∼200 ppm), as well as fast oil/water separation.

{"title":"Applying membrane technology for preparing low salinity for hybrid nanofluid, surfactant, and alkaline enhanced oil recovery process","authors":"Peyman Koreh , Mostafa Lashkarbolooki , Majid Peyravi , Hasan N. Al-Saedi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of an individual or hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies and their main active mechanisms are complicated issues that should be investigated in more detail. Recently, nanofluids and smart water have gained special attention as appropriate enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies due to their excellent capability in changing interfacial properties. In addition, surfactant, alkaline and their combination are conventional chemical EOR agents. This study was aimed at evaluating synergistic/antagonistic of hybrid smart-nanofluid-alkaline solutions with examination of different combinations of these agents based on seawater and treatment of seawater by membrane desalination process. Firstly, the salinity of seawater decreased from 39650 ppm (ionic strength of about 0.7 M) to 4275 ppm (ionic strength = 0.09 M) using microfiltration membrane. Secondly, a hydrophilic nanoparticle of SiO<sub>2</sub> was synthesized from rice husk with the mean particle size of 70 nm. In the third stage, the effects of salinity, alkaline, SDS as anionic surfactant, SiO<sub>2</sub> and PVP as stabilizer of SiO<sub>2</sub> were investigated through interfacial tension (IFT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), microemulsion, and contact angle measurements as well as spreading coefficient calculation. Even though dilution of seawater showed an appropriate modification in the spreading coefficient due to the favorite wettability alteration, the addition of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles showed an insignificant modification. It was also revealed that the individual SDS had better performance compared to all considered hybrid solutions because of experiencing the most IFT reduction (∼0.1 mN/m), favorite wettability alteration for fracture carbonate reservoir (155° to 35°), the highest spreading coefficient (∼-0.03) and the lowest CMC value (∼200 ppm), as well as fast oil/water separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134713"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of reaction parameters on thermal liquefaction of corncob with methanol

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134654

Lin Zhang , Yikun Xu , Yuxing Zeng , Lujin Li , Yifan Chen , Xueping Song , Chao Feng , Peitao Zhao

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) presents a promising approach for converting organic resources into fuel oil. However, the interdependence of temperature, pressure, and solvent dosage during the HTL process complicates the assessment of their individual effects on fuel oil yield and quality. In this study, the HTL of corncob (CC) was conducted at temperatures ranging from 290 to 330 °C and methanol dosage of 10–30 mL, with pre-charge pressures varying from 0 to 1.6 MPa, enabling the decoupling of process parameters. The results revealed that the highest oil yield (22.53 wt%) occurred at 290 °C with a methanol dosage of 30 mL. The transition of methanol from a low-pressure superheated state (4.5 MPa) to supercritical pressure (8.1 MPa) exerted the most significant influence on the oil yield, increasing it by 8.53 wt%. Moreover, adjusting the system pressure between 4.8 and 5.8 MPa led to a 6.25 wt% rise in oil yield as temperature increased from 290 to 330 °C. Raising the methanol dosage from 10 to 30 mL at 310 °C, by controlling the system pressure of 8.1 to 9.1 MPa, resulted in a 4.16 wt% increase in oil yield. Modifications in reaction conditions that enhanced oil yield were typically associated with a decrease in the relative proportion of phenolic compounds and an increase in other components, such as hydrocarbons, ketones, and esters. This study provides valuable insights into the distinct impact of independently varied process parameters on the characteristics of fuel oil produced through HTL.

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引用次数: 0

Ceria-modified high pore volume Ni/Al2O3 spheres for enhanced low-temperature CO2 methanation 用于增强低温二氧化碳甲烷化的铈改性高孔隙率 Ni/Al2O3 球体

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Fuel

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134736

Shafqat Ullah , Tianyi Huang , Yongqi Pan , Qiangqiang Xue , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhi Hu , Syed Musab Ahmed , Runping Ye , Yujun Wang , Guangsheng Luo

CO₂ transformation poses a key challenge due to its thermodynamic stability and chemical inertness. Low-temperature methanation offers near-equilibrium CO₂ conversion to methane at ambient pressure, a promising strategy for carbon neutrality. However, effectively catalyzing CO₂ activation at low temperatures presents a key challenge due to the kinetic constraints of the hydrogenation intermediates. This study investigates the influence of high pore volume and Ce loading on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al₂O₃ spheres prepared by the wet impregnation method. Initially, high pore volume Al₂O₃ spheres were synthesized in microchannels, and their catalytic performance was compared with that of two commercially available Al₂O₃ supports. Ni/Al₂O₃ spheres with high specific surface area (267 m²/g) and pore volume (0.97 mL/g) showed 73 % CO₂ conversion compared to 59 % and 55 % on commercial-1 and commercial-2 supports at 325 °C and a GHSV of 16000 mL⋅g_cat⁻¹⋅h⁻¹. Then, various amounts of Ce were doped on Ni/Al₂O₃ spheres to further enhance CO₂ methanation performance, and results revealed NiCe_7.5/Al₂O₃ possessed 86 % CO₂ conversion, 99.9 % CH₄ selectivity and a methane STY of 122 mmol. gcat⁻¹.h⁻¹ at 250 °C. Advanced in-situ characterization approaches, featuring in-situ Raman, quasi in-situ XPS, and HAADF-STEM revealed that the incorporation of Ce promotes Ni dispersion, decreases particle size, and promotes abundant oxygen vacancies resulting in efficient CO₂ methanation. In-situ DRIFTS and DFT studies revealed that the NiCe_7.5/Al₂O₃ follows the CO₂ hydrogenation formate pathway to produce CH₄. This efficient low-temperature CO₂ methanation demonstrates the superior catalytic performance is associated with higher pore structure and Ce doping on Ni/Al₂O₃ spheres.

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