Global Environmental Change最新文献_第8页

Pathways to just conservation: A crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis of environmental defender mobilization in conservation conflicts 公正保护之路：保护冲突中环境保护者动员的脆集定性比较分析

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103030

Raphael Anammasiya Ayambire , Jeremy Pittman , Gideon Abagna Azunre , Cynthia Itbo Musah , Romeo Agominab , Abdul-Salam Jahanfo Abdulai , Owusu Amponsah , Stephen Appiah Takyi

Conservation policies intended to address biodiversity loss and climate change are increasingly linked to land dispossession, human rights violations, and the criminalization of environmental defenders. While prior research has highlighted the risks defenders face, less is known about the strategies and conditions that enable them to succeed. This study uses crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) of 25 conservation conflict cases from the Environmental Justice Atlas to identify the pathways through which defenders effectively resist unjust conservation practices. We identify four causal pathways to successful mobilization: two epistemic strategies, where defenders use alternative knowledge mobilization to either strengthen legal claims or build broad coalitions; one preventive strategy focused on early mobilization; and a comprehensive strategy drawing on nearly all conditions, except direct action. Across all pathways, alternative knowledge mobilization, such as defender-led health studies and ecological assessments, plays a central role in successful mobilization, while direct action tactics were notably absent in all successful pathways. These findings challenge assumptions about confrontation as a necessary ingredient for effective resistance and advance new insights into how knowledge politics shape just outcomes in conservation conflicts. As the global conservation community intensifies efforts to safeguard biodiversity and uphold the rights of affected communities, centering the strategies and experiences of environmental defenders is essential to ensuring equitable and effective conservation.

旨在解决生物多样性丧失和气候变化问题的保护政策越来越多地与土地剥夺、侵犯人权和将环境维护者定罪联系在一起。虽然先前的研究强调了防御者面临的风险，但对使他们成功的策略和条件知之甚少。本研究采用脆集定性比较分析（csQCA）对来自环境正义地图集的25个保护冲突案例进行分析，以确定捍卫者有效抵制不公正保护行为的途径。我们确定了成功动员的四种因果途径：两种认知策略，捍卫者使用替代知识动员来加强法律主张或建立广泛的联盟；一项预防战略侧重于早期动员；以及一项综合战略，考虑到除了直接行动之外的几乎所有条件。在所有途径中，替代性知识动员，如捍卫者主导的健康研究和生态评估，在成功的动员中起着核心作用，而在所有成功的途径中明显缺乏直接行动策略。这些发现挑战了对抗是有效抵抗的必要因素的假设，并提出了知识政治如何在保护冲突中塑造公正结果的新见解。随着全球保护界加强保护生物多样性和维护受影响社区权利的努力，以环境维护者的战略和经验为中心，对于确保公平和有效的保护至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond adjustment: A new paradigm for climate change adaptation in a complex world 超越调整：复杂世界中适应气候变化的新范式

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103027

Ana Terra Amorim-Maia , Marta Olazabal

Climate change adaptation is central to political and scientific agendas that aim to reduce the impacts of a warming world. However, despite three decades of research and practice, adaptation remains conceptually ambiguous, lacking a clear and comprehensive definition that enables effective on-the-ground action. The foundational idea that adaptation is the process of adjusting to climate and its effects remains central to scientific advancements in the field. Yet, emerging paradigms like adaptation as justice, resilience, or development are gaining traction, reflecting a much larger variety of local needs, knowledge systems, and lived experiences. To examine the notion of adaptation through these evolving lenses, we conducted 50 in-depth interviews with key internationally recognised experts in climate adaptation, including scientists and practitioners from around the globe, with 950 years of combined experience. Over 36 h of interview time, we explored their career trajectories and evolving views to identify key narratives, realisations and catalysts that shifted their conceptualisation and practice of adaptation. Our findings support an updated heuristic framework for adaptation as a process of responding to climate change and its impacts by integrating risk reduction into broader development strategies, ensuring that all individuals can maintain dignified lives in the face of climate challenges. The framework acknowledges the inherent complexity and limitations of adaptation, blending systemic governance with psychosocial insights to address power dynamics and uphold the fundamental right to survival. Findings call for a reconceptualisation of adaptation beyond mere adjustment to risks, in response to shifting paradigms in contemporary adaptation thought and practice.

适应气候变化是旨在减少全球变暖影响的政治和科学议程的核心。然而，尽管经过了三十年的研究和实践，适应在概念上仍然是模糊的，缺乏一个清晰而全面的定义，无法在实地采取有效的行动。适应是适应气候及其影响的过程，这一基本观点仍然是该领域科学进步的核心。然而，作为正义、复原力或发展的适应等新兴范式正在获得关注，反映了更广泛的当地需求、知识体系和生活经验。为了通过这些不断变化的镜头来研究适应的概念，我们对气候适应领域的主要国际公认专家进行了50次深度访谈，包括来自全球的科学家和从业者，他们拥有950年的综合经验。在36个小时的采访时间里，我们探讨了他们的职业轨迹和不断演变的观点，以确定改变他们的概念和适应实践的关键叙述、实现和催化剂。我们的研究结果支持了一个更新的启发式适应框架，将适应作为一个应对气候变化及其影响的过程，通过将降低风险纳入更广泛的发展战略，确保所有人在面对气候挑战时都能保持有尊严的生活。该框架承认适应的固有复杂性和局限性，将系统性治理与社会心理洞见相结合，以解决权力动态问题并维护基本生存权。研究结果呼吁重新定义适应的概念，而不仅仅是对风险的调整，以应对当代适应思想和实践范式的转变。

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引用次数: 0

Transformations to sustainability: Processes, practices, and pathways 向可持续发展的转变：过程、实践和途径

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103007

Fabio de Castro , Marjo de Theije , Akriti Jain , W.Neil Adger

Transformations of economies, norms and social relations are required to achieve the sustainability of earth systems as part of wider sustainability. This Special Issue examines how sustainability transformations are shaped by processes, practices, and pathways as sets of collective action. The contributions showcase interdisciplinary research, empirical studies, and community engagement with may arguing that such holistic approaches are essential to achieving sustainable transformations. Here we highlight both critical barriers, such as economic constraints, political resistance, and justice conflicts, and mechanisms that enable systemic change, such as scaling up, institutionalizing sustainability innovations, strengthening multi-level governance, and participatory decision-making. Future research requires on understanding the stages and scales of transformation, identifying power dynamics and governance structures that enable systemic change, and the importance of integrating co-produced knowledge into policymaking.

为了实现地球系统的可持续性，作为更广泛的可持续性的一部分，需要改变经济、规范和社会关系。本期特刊探讨了作为一系列集体行动的过程、实践和途径是如何塑造可持续转型的。这些贡献展示了跨学科研究、实证研究和社区参与，许多人认为这种整体方法对于实现可持续转型至关重要。在这里，我们强调了关键的障碍，如经济约束、政治阻力和正义冲突，以及实现系统性变革的机制，如规模化、制度化可持续性创新、加强多层次治理和参与性决策。未来的研究需要了解转型的阶段和规模，确定能够实现系统性变革的权力动态和治理结构，以及将共同生产的知识整合到政策制定中的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Land-use spillovers from environmental policy interventions 环境政策干预带来的土地使用溢出效应

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103013

Diana Ramírez-Mejía , Yves Zinngrebe , Erle C. Ellis , Peter H. Verburg

Environmental policy interventions are crucial for addressing biodiversity loss and climate change, yet their effectiveness can be compromised by land-use spillovers, where efforts to reduce impacts in one place displace them elsewhere. Despite growing recognition of spillovers, they remain unevenly defined, inconsistently measured, and poorly integrated into policy evaluation and accountability frameworks. This systematic review synthesizes current research on land-use spillovers triggered by environmental policies, including carbon pricing, protected areas, supply chain interventions, and payments for ecosystem services. We identify three dominant pathways: leakage, indirect land use change (iLUC), and positive spillovers, emerging under common conditions such as weak enforcement, market integration, limited livelihood alternatives, and accessible frontier lands. These conditions are shaped by broader institutional, economic, demographic, and biophysical drivers, yet are rarely integrated into policy design and evaluation. While methods to evaluate spillover effects range from global scale ex ante models to local ex post spatial and econometric analyses, few studies bridge scales or connect findings to international policy frameworks such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) or the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Cases are concentrated in climate-linked interventions and in South America, leaving important geographic and sectoral blind spots. This limits their relevance for designing policies that minimize displaced impacts and foster more durable outcomes. Advancing spillover research will require common frameworks, more consistent methodologies, and multi-scale tools that can enhance comparability, attribution, and integration into environmental governance.

环境政策干预对于解决生物多样性丧失和气候变化问题至关重要，但其有效性可能受到土地利用溢出效应的影响，即在一个地方减少影响的努力会在其他地方被取代。尽管越来越多的人认识到溢出效应，但它们的定义仍然不均匀，衡量方法也不一致，而且很难纳入政策评估和问责框架。本系统综述综合了目前关于由环境政策引发的土地利用溢出效应的研究，包括碳定价、保护区、供应链干预和生态系统服务支付。我们确定了三种主要途径：泄漏、间接土地利用变化（iLUC）和积极溢出效应，它们出现在执法不力、市场一体化、有限的生计选择和可获得的边境土地等常见条件下。这些条件受到更广泛的制度、经济、人口和生物物理驱动因素的影响，但很少被纳入政策设计和评估。虽然评估溢出效应的方法多种多样，从全球尺度的事前模型到局部事后空间和计量经济学分析，但很少有研究将尺度联系起来，或将研究结果与《生物多样性公约》（CBD）或《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）等国际政策框架联系起来。病例集中在与气候有关的干预措施和南美洲，留下了重要的地理和部门盲点。这就限制了它们在制定政策以尽量减少流离失所影响和促进更持久成果方面的相关性。推进溢出效应研究需要共同的框架、更一致的方法和多尺度工具，以增强可比较性、归因性和融入环境治理。

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引用次数: 0

Just social-ecological tipping scales: A mid-range social theory of change in coal and carbon intensive regions 社会生态临界点：煤炭和碳密集地区变化的中等社会理论

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103000

Jenny Lieu , Diana Mangalagiu , Amanda Martínez-Reyes , Mauro Sarrica

Energy transitions are often studied using socio-technical transitions, just transitions and more recently, social-ecological tipping points (SETPs). While they can be important starting points for conceptualising large-scale systemic change, when applied within a regional context, they often fail to appropriately explain change. SETP concept is receiving increasing attention, but its heuristic value still requires further empirical validation. While many energy transitions are still in a pre-tipping point phase, the lack of empirically validated tipping points raises a question of applicability if these frameworks are unable to capture change at the regional scale. In this paper, we introduce a new inductive framework, Just Social-Ecological Tipping Scales (JSETS), based on cross-case analysis in coal and carbon-intensive regions (CCIRs). The framework helps understanding systemic change in regional contexts by identifying transition states. We then analyse traits in these transition states by assessing enablers and barriers of triggering factors and actors over temporal and spatial scales as well as justice dimensions. This analysis helps us to identify cumulate changes leading to four tipping scales, which can move a region from one transition state to another. By identifying both transition states and tipping scales, we can anticipate the potential traits needed for a CCIR to move towards a just transformation.

能源转型通常使用社会技术转型、公正转型和最近的社会生态临界点（setp）来研究。虽然它们可以成为概念化大规模系统性变化的重要起点，但在区域范围内应用时，它们往往不能适当地解释变化。SETP概念受到越来越多的关注，但其启发式价值仍需要进一步的实证验证。虽然许多能源转型仍处于引爆点前阶段，但缺乏经验验证的引爆点，如果这些框架无法捕捉区域范围的变化，就会产生适用性问题。本文基于煤炭和碳密集地区（ccir）的交叉案例分析，引入了一个新的归纳框架——公正社会生态临界点（JSETS）。该框架通过识别过渡状态，有助于理解区域背景下的系统性变化。然后，我们通过评估触发因素和行为者在时间和空间尺度以及正义维度上的促成因素和障碍，分析这些过渡状态的特征。这种分析帮助我们确定导致四个临界点的累积变化，这些临界点可以将一个区域从一个过渡状态移动到另一个过渡状态。通过识别过渡状态和临界点，我们可以预测CCIR走向公正转变所需的潜在特征。

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引用次数: 0

Driving ecologically unequal exchange: A global analysis of multinational corporations’ role in environmental conflicts 推动生态不平等交换：跨国公司在环境冲突中角色的全球分析

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103006

Marcel Llavero-Pasquina

Multinational corporations are being confronted by activists and scholars over their involvement in environmental conflicts and human rights violations. In response, many multinational corporations engage in human rights and ESG voluntary initiatives to mitigate their impacts and publicly bolster their contribution to society. These actions relate to disputed economic development theories which assert that foreign direct investment allows multinational companies to contribute to economic growth, human rights, and environmental well-being in so-called developing countries. To test these arguments, this article presents the largest statistical analysis on the role of multinational corporations in environmental conflicts based on data from the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice including more than 3,300 environmental conflicts and 5,500 companies. The results show how multinational corporations, overwhelmingly domiciled in the Global North, are involved in environmental conflicts in the Global South. Environmental conflicts with the presence of foreign companies disproportionately involve commodities with biophysical properties ideally suited to facilitate ecologically unequal exchange and show more socioeconomic impacts and worse outcomes than cases without foreign companies. These results cast doubt on the validity of corporate sustainability assessments based entirely on company self-reported data, and call for scholars and practitioners to centre the lived realities of those resisting corporate extractivism to evaluate the socio-ecological performance of firms.

跨国公司因卷入环境冲突和侵犯人权而受到活动人士和学者的指责。作为回应，许多跨国公司参与人权和ESG自愿倡议，以减轻其影响，并公开加强其对社会的贡献。这些行动与有争议的经济发展理论有关，这些理论断言，外国直接投资允许跨国公司为所谓的发展中国家的经济增长、人权和环境福利做出贡献。为了验证这些论点，本文基于全球环境正义地图集（Global Atlas of environmental Justice）的数据，对跨国公司在环境冲突中的作用进行了最大规模的统计分析，其中包括3300多起环境冲突和5500家公司。研究结果显示，绝大多数总部位于全球北方的跨国公司是如何卷入全球南方的环境冲突的。与没有外国公司的情况相比，外国公司存在的环境冲突不成比例地涉及具有生物物理特性的商品，这些特性非常适合促进生态不平等的交换，并显示出更大的社会经济影响和更糟糕的结果。这些结果对完全基于公司自我报告数据的公司可持续性评估的有效性提出了质疑，并呼吁学者和从业者以那些抵制公司采掘性的人的生活现实为中心来评估公司的社会生态绩效。

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引用次数: 0

Why has the Brazilian Cerrado been left behind by voluntary environmental policies? 为什么巴西塞拉多被自愿性环境政策抛在了后面？

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103005

Joyce Brandão , Fatima Cristina Cardoso , Rachael Garrett

The expansion of soy production has been a deforestation driver in Brazil in both the Amazon and the highly biodiverse Cerrado savannah ecosystem. To tackle this problem the soy industry implemented a sector-wide zero-deforestation policy in 2006 in the Amazon called the Soy Moratorium. The Soy Moratorium sharply reduced the soy-driven deforestation in the Amazon. However, to date, despite substantial soy deforestation, the neighbouring Cerrado remains unprotected. Here we ask why no comparable zero-deforestation agreement was implemented in the Cerrado. To answer this question, we integrated theory on policy adoption and selection from the voluntary environmental policy literature with theory on policy process and feasibility from public policy, political economy, and organizational theory. This expanded framework enabled us to better understand how historical, political and geographical contextual factors shaped the differing policy adoption outcomes in the Amazon and Cerrado. We then conducted 26 in-depth interviews, including with key private sector decision-makers on policy adoption to understand the relative importance of different potential factors. We found that the differences in public awareness, national politics and narratives, changes in trade relationships, leadership and sunk investments influenced why an agreement emerged in the Amazon and not the Cerrado. Despite these circumstances, a new political window for Cerrado conservation policies has recently emerged with Brazil’s political shifts to a left-centre coalition and efforts to extend new due-diligence deforestation regulations to other wooded lands, including the Cerrado.

大豆生产的扩大已经成为巴西亚马逊和生物多样性丰富的塞拉多大草原生态系统森林砍伐的驱动因素。为了解决这个问题，大豆行业于2006年在亚马逊地区实施了一项全行业的零砍伐政策，称为“大豆禁令”。大豆禁令大大减少了亚马逊地区因大豆而导致的森林砍伐。然而，迄今为止，尽管大量砍伐大豆，邻近的塞拉多仍未受到保护。在这里，我们要问为什么塞拉多没有实施类似的零森林砍伐协议。为了回答这个问题，我们将自愿性环境政策文献中的政策采纳和选择理论与公共政策、政治经济学和组织理论中的政策过程和可行性理论结合起来。这个扩展的框架使我们能够更好地理解历史、政治和地理背景因素如何影响亚马逊和塞拉多不同的政策采用结果。然后，我们进行了26次深度访谈，包括与主要私营部门决策者就政策采用进行访谈，以了解不同潜在因素的相对重要性。我们发现，公众意识、国家政治和叙事方面的差异、贸易关系的变化、领导力和沉没的投资影响了协议在亚马逊而不是塞拉多地区达成的原因。尽管如此，随着巴西政治转向左中联盟，并努力将新的尽职调查森林砍伐法规扩展到包括塞拉多在内的其他林地，塞拉多保护政策的新政治窗口最近出现了。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing land use change trajectories following food insecurity shocks in 25 low- and middle-income countries 评估25个低收入和中等收入国家粮食不安全冲击后的土地利用变化轨迹

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102999

Evan Patrick, Van Butsic, Matthew D. Potts

Food insecurity is a perennial problem in much of the developing world, with gains against hunger backsliding in recent years and climate change predicted to accelerate this trend. Food insecurity is highly disruptive to rural livelihoods and can lead to dramatic shifts in food production strategies and resultant land use. However, studies to date have yet to outline the overarching patterns of land use change that can result from food insecurity. We elucidate the impact of food insecurity events between 2013 and 2020 in 25 low- and middle-income countries on resulting land use change and demographics. Using propensity score matching, we create a counterfactual and assess changes in forest cover, crop cover, population and nighttime luminosity between regions that experience food insecurity and comparable food-secure regions. Land use change theory, specifically the classical trajectories of agricultural intensification, land rent theory, and regime shifts help to explain observed land use trajectories. We find that food insecurity events lead to around a 4 % decline in population and a 3 % decline in cropped areas, alongside a 4 % increase in forest cover compared to control regions. Additionally, we show that drought-driven food insecurity drives impacts on land use and conflict-driven food insecurity shows greater impacts on population and nighttime luminosity. Food insecurity shocks result in an increase in population and crop cover in urban areas despite losses in adjoining rural land, suggesting that food insecurity drives local rural to urban migration. Furthermore, by assessing the impacts of discrete food insecurity events in three countries, we find that regional contexts mediate impacts by producing variable land use change trajectories.

粮食不安全是许多发展中国家的一个长期问题，近年来消除饥饿的成果出现倒退，预计气候变化将加速这一趋势。粮食不安全严重破坏农村生计，并可能导致粮食生产战略和由此产生的土地利用发生巨大变化。然而，迄今为止的研究尚未勾勒出粮食不安全可能导致的土地利用变化的总体模式。我们阐明了2013年至2020年间25个低收入和中等收入国家的粮食不安全事件对土地利用变化和人口结构的影响。利用倾向得分匹配，我们创建了一个反事实，并评估了经历粮食不安全地区和可比粮食安全地区之间森林覆盖、作物覆盖、人口和夜间亮度的变化。土地利用变化理论，特别是农业集约化的经典轨迹、地租理论和制度变迁有助于解释观察到的土地利用轨迹。我们发现，与对照区相比，粮食不安全事件导致人口减少约4%，种植面积减少约3%，同时森林覆盖率增加4%。此外，我们发现干旱驱动的粮食不安全会对土地利用产生影响，而冲突驱动的粮食不安全对人口和夜间亮度的影响更大。粮食不安全冲击导致城市地区人口和作物覆盖增加，尽管毗邻的农村土地有所损失，这表明粮食不安全促使当地农村人口向城市迁移。此外，通过评估三个国家离散粮食不安全事件的影响，我们发现区域背景通过产生可变的土地利用变化轨迹来调节影响。

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引用次数: 0

Attributing deforestation-driven biodiversity decline in the Gran Chaco to agricultural commodity supply chains 将大查科地区森林砍伐导致的生物多样性下降归咎于农产品供应链

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103011

Isabel Carpenter , Tobias Kuemmerle , Alfredo Romero-Muñoz , Sebastián Aguiar , Ignacio Gasparri , Michael J. Lathuillière , Sofía Nanni , Vivian Ribero , Matthias Baumann

Agricultural expansion is one of the principal drivers of biodiversity loss globally. Attributing biodiversity loss to domestically consumed versus internationally traded agricultural production is vital to make supply chains more transparent and sustainable. However, such an attribution is challenging due to the complexity of agricultural supply chains and the lack of tools and data. Here, we attributed biodiversity decline in the Gran Chaco, specifically the Argentinian and Paraguayan Chaco, to both soy and beef agricultural commodities and the domestic and foreign demand for these. We integrated three sources of multitemporal data at a subnational scale (data on mammal diversity, land use change and commodity trade) to first differentiate pasture- versus cropland-driven biodiversity decline and second, to assess the share of the decline associated with domestically consumed and internationally traded Argentinian and Paraguayan soy and Paraguayan beef. In doing so, we provided four novel insights. First, pasture expansion had a greater relative biodiversity impact than cropland expansion. Second, the biodiversity decline associated with domestic and international consumption depended on both the quantity of imports and the precise location of production and sourcing. Third, domestic consumption of commodities in Argentina and Paraguay was associated with a much greater risk of driving decline in biodiversity than agricultural exports from these nations. Fourth, considering only one facet of biodiversity risks underestimating the decline in biodiversity linked to agricultural expansion and commodity supply chains. By connecting agriculturally driven biodiversity decline in the Gran Chaco to commodity supply chains, we highlight the importance of increasing the transparency of supply chains to make them more sustainable. Doing so will be critical to prevent further biodiversity loss in not only the Gran Chaco but also the other dry forests of the world.

农业扩张是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素之一。将生物多样性损失归因于国内消费而非国际贸易的农业生产，对于提高供应链的透明度和可持续性至关重要。然而，由于农业供应链的复杂性以及缺乏工具和数据，这种归因是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们将大查科，特别是阿根廷和巴拉圭查科的生物多样性下降归因于大豆和牛肉农产品以及国内外对这些农产品的需求。我们整合了次国家规模的三个多时段数据来源（哺乳动物多样性、土地利用变化和商品贸易数据），首先区分牧场和农田驱动的生物多样性下降，其次评估国内消费和国际贸易的阿根廷和巴拉圭大豆和巴拉圭牛肉的下降份额。在此过程中，我们提供了四个新颖的见解。首先，草场扩张对生物多样性的相对影响大于耕地扩张。其次，与国内和国际消费相关的生物多样性下降取决于进口量和生产和采购的确切地点。第三，阿根廷和巴拉圭的国内商品消费与导致生物多样性下降的风险比这些国家的农产品出口大得多。第四，只考虑生物多样性风险的一个方面，低估了与农业扩张和商品供应链相关的生物多样性下降。通过将大查科地区农业驱动的生物多样性下降与商品供应链联系起来，我们强调了提高供应链透明度以使其更具可持续性的重要性。这样做不仅对防止大查科森林的生物多样性进一步丧失，而且对防止世界上其他干旱森林的生物多样性进一步丧失至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating climate mitigation and adaptation in the UK: A new anticipatory narrative for achieving “Climate Resilient Net Zero” in preparing for heat risk 整合英国的气候减缓和适应措施：实现 "具有气候复原力的净零 "以应对热风险的新预测论述

IF 8.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Global Environmental Change

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102994

Candice Howarth , Niall McLoughlin , Ellie Murtagh , Andrew P. Kythreotis , James Porter

Climate Policy Integration (CPI) is key to mainstreaming and harmonising mitigation and adaptation in policy responses to climate change worldwide. However, little is known about how CPI can be applied in practice, beyond single policy areas, particularly in the integration of adaptation and mitigation responses. We investigate this in the context of responding to climate impacts such as extreme heat, a climate risk growing in international importance. Using the 2022 UK heatwaves as a case study, our paper explores: (a) the extent to which key stakeholders consider the integration of adaptation and mitigation to be important; (b) perceptions of the feasibility of integration; and (c) main enablers and/or challenges with integration of adaptation and mitigation. To do this, interviews (N = 38) and four focus groups (N = 21) were conducted with policymakers, first responders, utility providers, and civil society responsible for managing heat risks. Our findings reveal a tension that CPI is essential to achieving a “climate resilient net zero”, yet unrealised. To facilitate CPI, we present a new anticipatory narrative with international and multi-contextual significance, that considers the convergence of key elements integral to effective CPI decision-making in the context of heat risk: (1) ‘Challenges’ − that may hinder, undermine, or act as a barrier to the integration of mitigation and adaptation; (2) ‘Enablers’ − which support, or help to facilitate greater integration, or synergies, between mitigation and adaptation; (3) ‘Framings’ − different ways participants described, defined or interpreted the issue of integration; (4) ‘Importance’ – the extent to which participants thought that integrating mitigation and adaptation was important; and (5) ‘Feasibility’ – or how possible integration is. We conclude that unless all five elements are fully addressed iteratively by end-users when tackling and understanding heat risks, new problems may emerge.

气候政策一体化是将减缓和适应纳入全球应对气候变化政策主流并使之协调一致的关键。然而，除了单一政策领域之外，人们对CPI如何在实践中应用知之甚少，特别是在适应和缓解对策的整合方面。我们在应对极端高温等气候影响的背景下对此进行了调查，极端高温是一种日益重要的国际气候风险。以2022年英国热浪为例，我们的论文探讨了：(a)主要利益相关者认为适应和减缓一体化的重要性；(b)对一体化可行性的看法；(c)适应和缓解一体化的主要推动因素和/或挑战。为此，对负责管理热风险的政策制定者、急救人员、公用事业供应商和民间社会进行了访谈（N = 38）和四个焦点小组（N = 21）。我们的研究结果揭示了一种矛盾，即CPI对于实现“气候弹性净零”至关重要，但尚未实现。为了促进CPI，我们提出了一种具有国际和多背景意义的新的预期叙述，该叙述考虑了在热风险背景下有效CPI决策所必需的关键要素的趋同：(1)“挑战”-可能阻碍、破坏或成为减缓和适应一体化的障碍；(2) “促进因素” -支持或帮助促进缓解和适应之间更大程度的融合或协同作用；(3)“框架”——参与者描述、定义或解释整合问题的不同方式；(4) “重要性”——与会者认为将缓解和适应结合起来的重要程度；(5)“可行性”——即整合的可能性有多大。我们得出的结论是，除非最终用户在处理和理解热风险时完全迭代地解决这五个要素，否则可能会出现新的问题。

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