Abstract. The article provides information about the image on the cover of Advanced Photonics, Volume 4, Issue 4.
摘要文章提供了有关《先进光子学》第4卷第4期封面上图像的信息。
{"title":"About the cover: Advanced Photonics Volume 4, Issue 4","authors":"","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.4.049901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.4.049901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article provides information about the image on the cover of Advanced Photonics, Volume 4, Issue 4.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"049901 - 049901"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48934588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wensheng Wang, Chuankang Li, Zhengyi Zhan, Zhimin Zhang, Yubing Han, C. Kuang, Xu Liu
Abstract. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is one of the most well-developed nanoscopy techniques that can provide subdiffraction spatial resolution imaging. Here, we introduce dual-modulation difference STED microscopy (dmdSTED) to suppress the background noise in traditional STED imaging. By applying respective time-domain modulations to the two continuous-wave lasers, signals are distributed discretely in the frequency spectrum and thus are obtained through lock-in demodulation of the corresponding frequencies. The background signals can be selectively eliminated from the effective signal without compromise of temporal resolution. We used nanoparticle, fixed cell, and perovskite coating experiments, as well as theoretical demonstration, to confirm the effectiveness of this method. We highlight dmdSTED as an idea and approach with simple implementation for improving the imaging quality, which substantially enlarges the versatility of STED nanoscopy.
{"title":"Dual-modulation difference stimulated emission depletion microscopy to suppress the background signal","authors":"Wensheng Wang, Chuankang Li, Zhengyi Zhan, Zhimin Zhang, Yubing Han, C. Kuang, Xu Liu","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.4.046001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.4.046001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is one of the most well-developed nanoscopy techniques that can provide subdiffraction spatial resolution imaging. Here, we introduce dual-modulation difference STED microscopy (dmdSTED) to suppress the background noise in traditional STED imaging. By applying respective time-domain modulations to the two continuous-wave lasers, signals are distributed discretely in the frequency spectrum and thus are obtained through lock-in demodulation of the corresponding frequencies. The background signals can be selectively eliminated from the effective signal without compromise of temporal resolution. We used nanoparticle, fixed cell, and perovskite coating experiments, as well as theoretical demonstration, to confirm the effectiveness of this method. We highlight dmdSTED as an idea and approach with simple implementation for improving the imaging quality, which substantially enlarges the versatility of STED nanoscopy.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"046001 - 046001"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49033487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhixia Xu, Jie Chang, Jin Tong, D. Sievenpiper, T. Cui
Abstract. Controlling energy flow in waveguides has attractive potential in integrated devices from radio frequencies to optical bands. Due to the spin-orbit coupling, the mirror symmetry will be broken, and the handedness of the near-field source will determine the direction of energy transport. Compared with well-established theories about spin-momentum locking, experimental visualization of unidirectional coupling is usually challenging due to the lack of generic chiral sources and the strict environmental requirement. In this work, we design a broadband near-field chiral source in the microwave band and discuss experimental details to visualize spin-momentum locking in three different metamaterial waveguides, including spoof surface plasmon polaritons, line waves, and valley topological insulators. The similarity of these edge waves relies on the abrupt sign change of intrinsic characteristics of two media across the interface. In addition to the development of experimental technology, the advantages and research status of interface waveguides are summarized, and perspectives on future research are presented to explore an avenue for designing controllable spin-sorting devices in the microwave band.
{"title":"Near-field chiral excitation of universal spin-momentum locking transport of edge waves in microwave metamaterials","authors":"Zhixia Xu, Jie Chang, Jin Tong, D. Sievenpiper, T. Cui","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.4.046004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.4.046004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Controlling energy flow in waveguides has attractive potential in integrated devices from radio frequencies to optical bands. Due to the spin-orbit coupling, the mirror symmetry will be broken, and the handedness of the near-field source will determine the direction of energy transport. Compared with well-established theories about spin-momentum locking, experimental visualization of unidirectional coupling is usually challenging due to the lack of generic chiral sources and the strict environmental requirement. In this work, we design a broadband near-field chiral source in the microwave band and discuss experimental details to visualize spin-momentum locking in three different metamaterial waveguides, including spoof surface plasmon polaritons, line waves, and valley topological insulators. The similarity of these edge waves relies on the abrupt sign change of intrinsic characteristics of two media across the interface. In addition to the development of experimental technology, the advantages and research status of interface waveguides are summarized, and perspectives on future research are presented to explore an avenue for designing controllable spin-sorting devices in the microwave band.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"046004 - 046004"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44396395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) has the potential to revolutionize photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology, due to its ability to combine low optical loss, tight optical confinement, and active optical func-tions. In particular, the readily available electro-optic effect and 2 nd order nonlinear effect afford more unique functionalities to TFLN compared to other, more mature, PIC materials, including silicon (Si), silicon ni-tride ( SiN x ), silicon dioxide ( SiO 2 ) and in-dium phosphide (InP), while the refractive index contrast between TFLN waveguide and typical cladding materials such as SiO 2 is sufficiently large to sup-port relatively tight bending, leading to small component sizes. (https:// article fo-cused on the nonlinear photonics in TFLN to enable
薄膜铌酸锂（TFLN）具有结合低光学损耗、紧密光学约束和主动光学功能的能力，有可能彻底改变光子集成电路（PIC）技术。特别地，与其他更成熟的PIC材料（包括硅（Si）、氮化硅（SiNx）、二氧化硅（SiO2）和磷化铟（InP））相比，容易获得的电光效应和二阶非线性效应为TFLN提供了更独特的功能，而TFLN波导与诸如SiO2的典型包层材料之间的折射率对比度足够大以支持相对紧密的弯曲从而导致小的部件尺寸。（https://article focused on the nonlinear photonics in TFLN to enable
{"title":"Photonics with Thin Film Lithium Niobate","authors":"Siyuan Yu","doi":"10.1117/1.ap.4.3.030101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.4.3.030101","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) has the potential to revolutionize photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology, due to its ability to combine low optical loss, tight optical confinement, and active optical func-tions. In particular, the readily available electro-optic effect and 2 nd order nonlinear effect afford more unique functionalities to TFLN compared to other, more mature, PIC materials, including silicon (Si), silicon ni-tride ( SiN x ), silicon dioxide ( SiO 2 ) and in-dium phosphide (InP), while the refractive index contrast between TFLN waveguide and typical cladding materials such as SiO 2 is sufficiently large to sup-port relatively tight bending, leading to small component sizes. (https:// article fo-cused on the nonlinear photonics in TFLN to enable","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49156330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang: How did you become interested in researching nanoscale optics? Lončar: I obtained my bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from University of Belgrade in 1997 and the same year I went to Caltech to pursue my PhD. I initially wanted to conduct research in power electronics. However, after meeting friends who were taking quantum and photonics-related courses I was intrigued... These courses sounded very interesting to me, so at the end of my first year, I switched to the group of Axel Scherer, who was working on nanofabrication and integrated optics. I started working in the field of photonic crystals, first waveguides then nanolasers, and finally nanocavities for sensing and quantum electrodynamics applications.
{"title":"New opportunities with an old optical material: an interview with Professor Marko Lončar","authors":"Guoqing Chang","doi":"10.1117/1.ap.4.3.030503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.4.3.030503","url":null,"abstract":"Chang: How did you become interested in researching nanoscale optics? Lončar: I obtained my bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from University of Belgrade in 1997 and the same year I went to Caltech to pursue my PhD. I initially wanted to conduct research in power electronics. However, after meeting friends who were taking quantum and photonics-related courses I was intrigued... These courses sounded very interesting to me, so at the end of my first year, I switched to the group of Axel Scherer, who was working on nanofabrication and integrated optics. I started working in the field of photonic crystals, first waveguides then nanolasers, and finally nanocavities for sensing and quantum electrodynamics applications.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46287660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongzheng Lin, Jianqi Hu, Yujie Chen, C. Brès, Siyuan Yu
Abstract. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum diagnosis is a fundamental building block for diverse OAM-based systems. Among others, the simple on-axis interferometric measurement can retrieve the amplitude and phase information of complex OAM spectra in a few shots. Yet, its single-shot retrieval remains elusive, due to the signal–signal beat interference inherent in the measurement. Here, we introduce the concept of Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver in coherent communications to the OAM domain, enabling rigorous, single-shot OAM spectrum measurement. We explain in detail the working principle and the requirement of the KK method and then apply the technique to precisely measure various characteristic OAM states. In addition, we discuss the effects of the carrier-to-signal power ratio and the number of sampling points essential for rigorous retrieval and evaluate the performance on a large set of random OAM spectra and high-dimensional spaces. Single-shot KK interferometry shows enormous potential for characterizing complex OAM states in real time.
{"title":"Single-shot Kramers–Kronig complex orbital angular momentum spectrum retrieval","authors":"Zhongzheng Lin, Jianqi Hu, Yujie Chen, C. Brès, Siyuan Yu","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.5.3.036006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.5.3.036006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum diagnosis is a fundamental building block for diverse OAM-based systems. Among others, the simple on-axis interferometric measurement can retrieve the amplitude and phase information of complex OAM spectra in a few shots. Yet, its single-shot retrieval remains elusive, due to the signal–signal beat interference inherent in the measurement. Here, we introduce the concept of Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver in coherent communications to the OAM domain, enabling rigorous, single-shot OAM spectrum measurement. We explain in detail the working principle and the requirement of the KK method and then apply the technique to precisely measure various characteristic OAM states. In addition, we discuss the effects of the carrier-to-signal power ratio and the number of sampling points essential for rigorous retrieval and evaluate the performance on a large set of random OAM spectra and high-dimensional spaces. Single-shot KK interferometry shows enormous potential for characterizing complex OAM states in real time.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"5 1","pages":"036006 - 036006"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48979401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
of our familiar 2D transverse forms of include 3D control three components of the electric field), and spatiotemporal control for 4D forms of structured light. the advances, there still exist solutions to Maxwell ’ s equations that have not been demonstrated, hindered by the need to induce higher-order multipoles (beyond dipoles) and toroidal excitations in matter. in conformal form the toroidal Their approach heralds new spatial and temporal control of to impact from to
{"title":"New twist to twisted light","authors":"A. Forbes","doi":"10.1117/1.ap.4.3.030501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.4.3.030501","url":null,"abstract":"of our familiar 2D transverse forms of include 3D control three components of the electric field), and spatiotemporal control for 4D forms of structured light. the advances, there still exist solutions to Maxwell ’ s equations that have not been demonstrated, hindered by the need to induce higher-order multipoles (beyond dipoles) and toroidal excitations in matter. in conformal form the toroidal Their approach heralds new spatial and temporal control of to impact from to","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43830186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Wei, Yang Jiang, Chenyuan Liu, Jiayu Duan, Shanying Liu, Xiangmei Liu, Shu-juan Liu, Yun Ma, Qiang Zhao
. Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields. Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection and radiography, due to their diversified design, low cost, and facile preparation. However, recent progress in efficient radioluminescence has mainly focused on small molecules, which are inevitably asso-ciated with processability and repeatability issues. Here, a concise strategy is proposed to prepare radioluminescent polymers that exhibit multiple emission colors from blue to yellow with high brightness in an amorphous state by the radical copolymerization of negatively charged polyacrylic acid and different positively charged quaternary phosphonium salts. One of the obtained polymers exhibits excellent photostability under a high X-ray irradiation dosage of 27.35 Gy and has a detection limit of 149 nGy s − 1 . This performance is superior to that of conventional anthracene-based scintillators. Furthermore, by simply drop-casting a polymer methanol solution on a quartz plate, a transparent scintillator screen was successfully fabricated for X-ray imaging with a resolution of 8.7 line pairs mm − 1 . The pure organic phosphorescent polymers with a highly efficient radioluminescence were demonstrated for the first time, and the strategy reported herein offers a promising pathway to expand the application range of amorphous organic scintillators.
{"title":"Organic room-temperature phosphorescent polymers for efficient X-ray scintillation and imaging","authors":"Juan Wei, Yang Jiang, Chenyuan Liu, Jiayu Duan, Shanying Liu, Xiangmei Liu, Shu-juan Liu, Yun Ma, Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1117/1.ap.4.3.035002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.4.3.035002","url":null,"abstract":". Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields. Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection and radiography, due to their diversified design, low cost, and facile preparation. However, recent progress in efficient radioluminescence has mainly focused on small molecules, which are inevitably asso-ciated with processability and repeatability issues. Here, a concise strategy is proposed to prepare radioluminescent polymers that exhibit multiple emission colors from blue to yellow with high brightness in an amorphous state by the radical copolymerization of negatively charged polyacrylic acid and different positively charged quaternary phosphonium salts. One of the obtained polymers exhibits excellent photostability under a high X-ray irradiation dosage of 27.35 Gy and has a detection limit of 149 nGy s − 1 . This performance is superior to that of conventional anthracene-based scintillators. Furthermore, by simply drop-casting a polymer methanol solution on a quartz plate, a transparent scintillator screen was successfully fabricated for X-ray imaging with a resolution of 8.7 line pairs mm − 1 . The pure organic phosphorescent polymers with a highly efficient radioluminescence were demonstrated for the first time, and the strategy reported herein offers a promising pathway to expand the application range of amorphous organic scintillators.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43529031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels, both classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for increased bandwidth. Both real-world and experimentally simulated turbulence conditions have revealed that free-space structured light modes are perturbed in some manner by turbulence, resulting in both amplitude and phase distortions, and consequently, much attention has focused on whether one mode type is more robust than another, but with seemingly inconclusive and contradictory results. We present complex forms of structured light that are invariant under propagation through the atmosphere: the true eigenmodes of atmospheric turbulence. We provide a theoretical procedure for obtaining these eigenmodes and confirm their invariance both numerically and experimentally. Although we have demonstrated the approach on atmospheric turbulence, its generality allows it to be extended to other channels too, such as aberrated paths, underwater, and in optical fiber.
{"title":"Robust structured light in atmospheric turbulence","authors":"Asher Klug, Cade Peters, A. Forbes","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.5.1.016006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.5.1.016006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels, both classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for increased bandwidth. Both real-world and experimentally simulated turbulence conditions have revealed that free-space structured light modes are perturbed in some manner by turbulence, resulting in both amplitude and phase distortions, and consequently, much attention has focused on whether one mode type is more robust than another, but with seemingly inconclusive and contradictory results. We present complex forms of structured light that are invariant under propagation through the atmosphere: the true eigenmodes of atmospheric turbulence. We provide a theoretical procedure for obtaining these eigenmodes and confirm their invariance both numerically and experimentally. Although we have demonstrated the approach on atmospheric turbulence, its generality allows it to be extended to other channels too, such as aberrated paths, underwater, and in optical fiber.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"5 1","pages":"016006 - 016006"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63557251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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