Abstract. The article provides information about the image on the cover of Advanced Photonics, Volume 4, Issue 6.
摘要这篇文章在《高级光子学》第4卷第6期的封面上提供了有关该图像的信息。
{"title":"About the cover: Advanced Photonics Volume 4, Issue 6","authors":"","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.6.069901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.6.069901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article provides information about the image on the cover of Advanced Photonics, Volume 4, Issue 6.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"069901 - 069901"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46474801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The explosion in the amount of information that is being processed is prompting the need for new computing systems beyond existing electronic computers. Photonic computing is emerging as an attractive alternative due to performing calculations at the speed of light, the change for massive parallelism, and also extremely low energy consumption. We review the physical implementation of basic optical calculations, such as differentiation and integration, using metamaterials, and introduce the realization of all-optical artificial neural networks. We start with concise introductions of the mathematical principles behind such optical computation methods and present the advantages, current problems that need to be overcome, and the potential future directions in the field. We expect that our review will be useful for both novice and experienced researchers in the field of all-optical computing platforms using metamaterials.
{"title":"Computation at the speed of light: metamaterials for all-optical calculations and neural networks","authors":"Trevon Badloe, Seokho Lee, J. Rho","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.6.064002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.6.064002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The explosion in the amount of information that is being processed is prompting the need for new computing systems beyond existing electronic computers. Photonic computing is emerging as an attractive alternative due to performing calculations at the speed of light, the change for massive parallelism, and also extremely low energy consumption. We review the physical implementation of basic optical calculations, such as differentiation and integration, using metamaterials, and introduce the realization of all-optical artificial neural networks. We start with concise introductions of the mathematical principles behind such optical computation methods and present the advantages, current problems that need to be overcome, and the potential future directions in the field. We expect that our review will be useful for both novice and experienced researchers in the field of all-optical computing platforms using metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"064002 - 064002"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44690773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang You, Mingyang Zheng, Si Chen, Run-Ze Liu, J. Qin, Mo-Chi Xu, Zheng Ge, T. Chung, Yu-Kun Qiao, Yang-Fan Jiang, Han-Sen Zhong, Ming-Cheng Chen, Hui Wang, Yu-Ming He, Xiuping Xie, Hao Li, L. You, C. Schneider, Juan Yin, Teng-Yun Chen, M. Benyoucef, Y. Huo, S. Höfling, Qiang Zhang, Chaoyang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan
Abstract. In the quest to realize a scalable quantum network, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer distinct advantages, including high single-photon efficiency and indistinguishability, high repetition rate (tens of gigahertz with Purcell enhancement), interconnectivity with spin qubits, and a scalable on-chip platform. However, in the past two decades, the visibility of quantum interference between independent QDs rarely went beyond the classical limit of 50%, and the distances were limited from a few meters to kilometers. Here, we report quantum interference between two single photons from independent QDs separated by a 302 km optical fiber. The single photons are generated from resonantly driven single QDs deterministically coupled to microcavities. Quantum frequency conversions are used to eliminate the QD inhomogeneity and shift the emission wavelength to the telecommunication band. The observed interference visibility is 0.67 ± 0.02 (0.93 ± 0.04) without (with) temporal filtering. Feasible improvements can further extend the distance to ∼600 km. Our work represents a key step to long-distance solid-state quantum networks.
{"title":"Quantum interference with independent single-photon sources over 300 km fiber","authors":"Xiang You, Mingyang Zheng, Si Chen, Run-Ze Liu, J. Qin, Mo-Chi Xu, Zheng Ge, T. Chung, Yu-Kun Qiao, Yang-Fan Jiang, Han-Sen Zhong, Ming-Cheng Chen, Hui Wang, Yu-Ming He, Xiuping Xie, Hao Li, L. You, C. Schneider, Juan Yin, Teng-Yun Chen, M. Benyoucef, Y. Huo, S. Höfling, Qiang Zhang, Chaoyang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.6.066003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.6.066003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the quest to realize a scalable quantum network, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer distinct advantages, including high single-photon efficiency and indistinguishability, high repetition rate (tens of gigahertz with Purcell enhancement), interconnectivity with spin qubits, and a scalable on-chip platform. However, in the past two decades, the visibility of quantum interference between independent QDs rarely went beyond the classical limit of 50%, and the distances were limited from a few meters to kilometers. Here, we report quantum interference between two single photons from independent QDs separated by a 302 km optical fiber. The single photons are generated from resonantly driven single QDs deterministically coupled to microcavities. Quantum frequency conversions are used to eliminate the QD inhomogeneity and shift the emission wavelength to the telecommunication band. The observed interference visibility is 0.67 ± 0.02 (0.93 ± 0.04) without (with) temporal filtering. Feasible improvements can further extend the distance to ∼600 km. Our work represents a key step to long-distance solid-state quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"066003 - 066003"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Direct laser writing (DLW) enables arbitrary three-dimensional nanofabrication. However, the diffraction limit poses a major obstacle for realizing nanometer-scale features. Furthermore, it is challenging to improve the fabrication efficiency using the currently prevalent single-focal-spot systems, which cannot perform high-throughput lithography. To overcome these challenges, a parallel peripheral-photoinhibition lithography system with a sub-40-nm two-dimensional feature size and a sub-20-nm suspended line width was developed in our study, based on two-photon polymerization DLW. The lithography efficiency of the developed system is twice that of conventional systems for both uniform and complex structures. The proposed system facilitates the realization of portable DLW with a higher resolution and throughput.
{"title":"Direct laser writing breaking diffraction barrier based on two-focus parallel peripheral-photoinhibition lithography","authors":"Dazhao Zhu, Liang Xu, Chenliang Ding, Zhenyao Yang, Yiwei Qiu, Chun Cao, Hongyang He, Jiawei Chen, Mengbo Tang, Lanxin Zhan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Qiuyuan Sun, Chengpeng Ma, Zhen Wei, Wenjie Liu, Xiang Fu, C. Kuang, Haifeng Li, Xu Liu","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.6.066002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.6.066002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Direct laser writing (DLW) enables arbitrary three-dimensional nanofabrication. However, the diffraction limit poses a major obstacle for realizing nanometer-scale features. Furthermore, it is challenging to improve the fabrication efficiency using the currently prevalent single-focal-spot systems, which cannot perform high-throughput lithography. To overcome these challenges, a parallel peripheral-photoinhibition lithography system with a sub-40-nm two-dimensional feature size and a sub-20-nm suspended line width was developed in our study, based on two-photon polymerization DLW. The lithography efficiency of the developed system is twice that of conventional systems for both uniform and complex structures. The proposed system facilitates the realization of portable DLW with a higher resolution and throughput.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"066002 - 066002"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaoyang Sun, Yang Li, B. Bai, Zhendong Zhu, Hongbo Sun
Abstract. Kerr frequency combs have been attracting significant interest due to their rich physics and broad applications in metrology, microwave photonics, and telecommunications. In this review, we first introduce the fundamental physics, master equations, simulation methods, and dynamic process of Kerr frequency combs. We then analyze the most promising material platform for realizing Kerr frequency combs—silicon nitride on insulator (SNOI) in comparison with other material platforms. Moreover, we discuss the fabrication methods, process optimization as well as tuning and measurement schemes of SNOI-based Kerr frequency combs. Furthermore, we highlight several emerging applications of Kerr frequency combs in metrology, including spectroscopy, ranging, and timing. Finally, we summarize this review and envision the future development of chip-scale Kerr frequency combs from the viewpoint of theory, material platforms, and tuning methods.
{"title":"Silicon nitride-based Kerr frequency combs and applications in metrology","authors":"Zhaoyang Sun, Yang Li, B. Bai, Zhendong Zhu, Hongbo Sun","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.6.064001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.6.064001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kerr frequency combs have been attracting significant interest due to their rich physics and broad applications in metrology, microwave photonics, and telecommunications. In this review, we first introduce the fundamental physics, master equations, simulation methods, and dynamic process of Kerr frequency combs. We then analyze the most promising material platform for realizing Kerr frequency combs—silicon nitride on insulator (SNOI) in comparison with other material platforms. Moreover, we discuss the fabrication methods, process optimization as well as tuning and measurement schemes of SNOI-based Kerr frequency combs. Furthermore, we highlight several emerging applications of Kerr frequency combs in metrology, including spectroscopy, ranging, and timing. Finally, we summarize this review and envision the future development of chip-scale Kerr frequency combs from the viewpoint of theory, material platforms, and tuning methods.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"064001 - 064001"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen‐Ting Huang, Chiao-Yun Chang, Kuo‐Ping Chen, T. Lu
Abstract. We realized off-Γ lasing using the Friedrich–Wintgen bound state in the continuum (FW-BIC) in a one-dimensional suspended high-contrast grating (HCG). A clear anticrossing was observed in the band diagram of the HCG corresponding to the coupling between the specific different orders of Bloch modes, and the FW-BIC with a high quality factor and large confinement factor was observed near the anticrossing point. Owing to these outstanding characteristics, the FW-BIC can serve as a robust and extraordinary cavity mode for realizing low-threshold laser operation and for achieving angle-steering laser beams. The conditions of the FW-BIC can be modulated by tuning the geometry related to the coupling modes in the anticrossing, resulting in a tunable lasing direction observed in the measurement. Furthermore, through appropriate design, the emission angle can be controlled precisely within a wide tunable range. Therefore, FW-BICs can be used to realize high-resolution directional lasing within a wide range of emission angles; they can also be applied in three-dimensional sensing for lidar applications.
{"title":"Tunable lasing direction in one-dimensional suspended high-contrast grating using bound states in the continuum","authors":"Zhen‐Ting Huang, Chiao-Yun Chang, Kuo‐Ping Chen, T. Lu","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.6.066004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.6.066004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We realized off-Γ lasing using the Friedrich–Wintgen bound state in the continuum (FW-BIC) in a one-dimensional suspended high-contrast grating (HCG). A clear anticrossing was observed in the band diagram of the HCG corresponding to the coupling between the specific different orders of Bloch modes, and the FW-BIC with a high quality factor and large confinement factor was observed near the anticrossing point. Owing to these outstanding characteristics, the FW-BIC can serve as a robust and extraordinary cavity mode for realizing low-threshold laser operation and for achieving angle-steering laser beams. The conditions of the FW-BIC can be modulated by tuning the geometry related to the coupling modes in the anticrossing, resulting in a tunable lasing direction observed in the measurement. Furthermore, through appropriate design, the emission angle can be controlled precisely within a wide tunable range. Therefore, FW-BICs can be used to realize high-resolution directional lasing within a wide range of emission angles; they can also be applied in three-dimensional sensing for lidar applications.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"066004 - 066004"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Didier, H. Dely, T. Bonazzi, O. Spitz, É. Awwad, É. Rodriguez, A. Vasanelli, C. Sirtori, F. Grillot
Abstract. Free-space optical communication is a very promising alternative to fiber communication systems, in terms of ease of deployment and costs. Midinfrared light has several features of utter relevance for free-space applications: low absorption when propagating in the atmosphere even under adverse conditions, robustness of the wavefront during long-distance propagation, and absence of regulations and restrictions for this range of wavelengths. A proof-of-concept of high-speed transmission taking advantage of intersubband devices has recently been demonstrated, but this effort was limited by the short-distance optical path (up to 1 m). In this work, we study the possibility of building a long-range link using unipolar quantum optoelectronics. Two different detectors are used: an uncooled quantum cascade detector and a nitrogen-cooled quantum well-infrared photodetector. We evaluate the maximum data rate of our link in a back-to-back configuration before adding a Herriott cell to increase the length of the light path up to 31 m. By using pulse shaping, pre- and post-processing, we reach a record bitrate of 30 Gbit s − 1 for both two-level (OOK) and four-level (PAM-4) modulation schemes for a 31-m propagation link and a bit error rate compatible with error-correction codes.
{"title":"High-capacity free-space optical link in the midinfrared thermal atmospheric windows using unipolar quantum devices","authors":"P. Didier, H. Dely, T. Bonazzi, O. Spitz, É. Awwad, É. Rodriguez, A. Vasanelli, C. Sirtori, F. Grillot","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.4.5.056004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.4.5.056004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Free-space optical communication is a very promising alternative to fiber communication systems, in terms of ease of deployment and costs. Midinfrared light has several features of utter relevance for free-space applications: low absorption when propagating in the atmosphere even under adverse conditions, robustness of the wavefront during long-distance propagation, and absence of regulations and restrictions for this range of wavelengths. A proof-of-concept of high-speed transmission taking advantage of intersubband devices has recently been demonstrated, but this effort was limited by the short-distance optical path (up to 1 m). In this work, we study the possibility of building a long-range link using unipolar quantum optoelectronics. Two different detectors are used: an uncooled quantum cascade detector and a nitrogen-cooled quantum well-infrared photodetector. We evaluate the maximum data rate of our link in a back-to-back configuration before adding a Herriott cell to increase the length of the light path up to 31 m. By using pulse shaping, pre- and post-processing, we reach a record bitrate of 30 Gbit s − 1 for both two-level (OOK) and four-level (PAM-4) modulation schemes for a 31-m propagation link and a bit error rate compatible with error-correction codes.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"056004 - 056004"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63557242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Cimini, M. Valeri, E. Polino, S. Piacentini, F. Ceccarelli, G. Corrielli, N. Spagnolo, R. Osellame, F. Sciarrino
Abstract. Estimation of physical quantities is at the core of most scientific research, and the use of quantum devices promises to enhance its performances. In real scenarios, it is fundamental to consider that resources are limited, and Bayesian adaptive estimation represents a powerful approach to efficiently allocate, during the estimation process, all the available resources. However, this framework relies on the precise knowledge of the system model, retrieved with a fine calibration, with results that are often computationally and experimentally demanding. We introduce a model-free and deep-learning-based approach to efficiently implement realistic Bayesian quantum metrology tasks accomplishing all the relevant challenges, without relying on any a priori knowledge of the system. To overcome this need, a neural network is trained directly on experimental data to learn the multiparameter Bayesian update. Then the system is set at its optimal working point through feedback provided by a reinforcement learning algorithm trained to reconstruct and enhance experiment heuristics of the investigated quantum sensor. Notably, we prove experimentally the achievement of higher estimation performances than standard methods, demonstrating the strength of the combination of these two black-box algorithms on an integrated photonic circuit. Our work represents an important step toward fully artificial intelligence-based quantum metrology.
{"title":"Deep reinforcement learning for quantum multiparameter estimation","authors":"V. Cimini, M. Valeri, E. Polino, S. Piacentini, F. Ceccarelli, G. Corrielli, N. Spagnolo, R. Osellame, F. Sciarrino","doi":"10.1117/1.AP.5.1.016005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.AP.5.1.016005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Estimation of physical quantities is at the core of most scientific research, and the use of quantum devices promises to enhance its performances. In real scenarios, it is fundamental to consider that resources are limited, and Bayesian adaptive estimation represents a powerful approach to efficiently allocate, during the estimation process, all the available resources. However, this framework relies on the precise knowledge of the system model, retrieved with a fine calibration, with results that are often computationally and experimentally demanding. We introduce a model-free and deep-learning-based approach to efficiently implement realistic Bayesian quantum metrology tasks accomplishing all the relevant challenges, without relying on any a priori knowledge of the system. To overcome this need, a neural network is trained directly on experimental data to learn the multiparameter Bayesian update. Then the system is set at its optimal working point through feedback provided by a reinforcement learning algorithm trained to reconstruct and enhance experiment heuristics of the investigated quantum sensor. Notably, we prove experimentally the achievement of higher estimation performances than standard methods, demonstrating the strength of the combination of these two black-box algorithms on an integrated photonic circuit. Our work represents an important step toward fully artificial intelligence-based quantum metrology.","PeriodicalId":33241,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics","volume":"5 1","pages":"016005 - 016005"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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