Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.43-51
Oleksandr Yuha
Th e purpose of the article is to clarify the views of M. Hrushevskyi on the essence and peculiarities of the Cossack policy of the ruling elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the fi rst half of the 1620s. Methodological principles are based on the application of theoretical principles of historical knowledge (objectivity, historicism, comprehensiveness and systematicity) and specifi c historical methods (problematic-chronological, historical-genetic, synchronous, diachronic and systemic analysis) of research. In such a formulation, the specifi ed problem was not studied, which is why its scientifi c novelty is determined. Conclusions. It has been found that the scientifi c potential of M. Hrushevskyi’s work “History of Ukraine-Rus”, in parti cular the 8th chapter of the 7th volume, in the study of the Cossack policy of Warsaw aft er Khotyn is extremely valuable: fi rstly, the scientist reconstructed the essence of the Cossacks for the fi rst time in historiography the politics of Warsaw and the peculiarities of its conduct in the fi rst half of the 20s of the 17th century, and, secondly, the source material used by him has a powerful informational potential for studying the policy of the Polish elite in solving the Cossack problem. On the basis of his analysis, the distinguished historian drew a conclusion that is con- fi rmed by modern historiography, namely: the Polish political elite completely ignored the out- standing role of the Zaporizhzhya Army in the successful completion of the Khotyn campaign for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and therefore tried anything, including a force scenario, to keep it in the status of “obedient subjects”. Th is short-sightedness hid a real danger of aggrava- tion of social and national-religious contradictions in Polish society, as was clearly manifested in the uprisings of the 1630s.
{"title":"Explanation by M. Hrushewski of Warsaw’s cossack Policy in the first half of the 1620s. in the work “History of Ukraine-Rus”","authors":"Oleksandr Yuha","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.43-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.43-51","url":null,"abstract":"Th e purpose of the article is to clarify the views of M. Hrushevskyi on the essence and peculiarities of the Cossack policy of the ruling elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the fi rst half of the 1620s. Methodological principles are based on the application of theoretical principles of historical knowledge (objectivity, historicism, comprehensiveness and systematicity) and specifi c historical methods (problematic-chronological, historical-genetic, synchronous, diachronic and systemic analysis) of research. In such a formulation, the specifi ed problem was not studied, which is why its scientifi c novelty is determined. Conclusions. It has been found that the scientifi c potential of M. Hrushevskyi’s work “History of Ukraine-Rus”, in parti cular the 8th chapter of the 7th volume, in the study of the Cossack policy of Warsaw aft er Khotyn is extremely valuable: fi rstly, the scientist reconstructed the essence of the Cossacks for the fi rst time in historiography the politics of Warsaw and the peculiarities of its conduct in the fi rst half of the 20s of the 17th century, and, secondly, the source material used by him has a powerful informational potential for studying the policy of the Polish elite in solving the Cossack problem. On the basis of his analysis, the distinguished historian drew a conclusion that is con- fi rmed by modern historiography, namely: the Polish political elite completely ignored the out- standing role of the Zaporizhzhya Army in the successful completion of the Khotyn campaign for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and therefore tried anything, including a force scenario, to keep it in the status of “obedient subjects”. Th is short-sightedness hid a real danger of aggrava- tion of social and national-religious contradictions in Polish society, as was clearly manifested in the uprisings of the 1630s.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91055417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.9-42
Valeriy Stepankov, Andriy Zadorozhnyuk
Th e purpose of the article is to model the personality of Professor Mykola Petrov, his development as a talented scientist – an outstanding researcher of the medieval and early modern history of Podillia, the importance of scientifi c work, pedagogical activity, and manage- rial skills in the foundation and successful functioning of the Department of History of Ukraine. Th e methodological foundation of the research is the principles of objectivity, historicism, sys- tematicity, and comprehensiveness. Among the methods, the problem-chronological, historical- genetic, historical-comparative, synchronous, and diachronic methods are the most widely used. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in an attempt to reconstruct the portrait of Mykola Petrov as a fa- mous scientist and teacher, a skillful organizer of the Department of History of Ukraine, and its 18-year-old head. Conclusions. Th ere are three stages in Mykola Petrov’s life and work: the 1st (1952-1977) – the time when the foundations of the personality were formed, from childhood to the end of his studies at the historical faculty of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute (now Ivan Ohiienko National University); the 2nd (1977-1990) was characterized by the forma- tion of his professional qualities as a scientist (in 1986 he graduated from postgraduate studies at the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and successfully defended his PhD dissertation the following year) and as a teacher – an instructor at a higher education institution (1986-1990 – assistant and senior lecturer of the Department of History of the USSR and Ukrainian SSR, Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute); the 3rd (1990-2008) was the fl owering of the talents of a scientist, a teacher (Associate Professor (1995), Professor (2002)), a manager-organizer of the Department of History of Ukraine, whose life was tragically cut short by an incurable disease. Th e scientifi c heritage of Mykola Petrov includes more than 200 works, as well as two fun- damental monographs. Its analysis confi rms the existence of three leading directions of scientifi c research. Th e fi rst of them is related to the history of Kamianets-Podilskyi in the XII–XVIII centuries, the second – to the history of the urban settlements of Podillia and Volyn in the Middle Ages and early modern times, and the third – to the study of the historiographic work of the re- searchers who studied Podil and Volyn antiquities. Th e history of Kamianets-Podilskyi occupied the leading place in his scientifi c work during the Middle Ages and early modern times.
{"title":"Professor Mykola Petrov: a personality, a scientist, a teacher, the founder of the department of History of Ukraine (dedicated to the 70th anniversary)","authors":"Valeriy Stepankov, Andriy Zadorozhnyuk","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.9-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.9-42","url":null,"abstract":"Th e purpose of the article is to model the personality of Professor Mykola Petrov, his development as a talented scientist – an outstanding researcher of the medieval and early modern history of Podillia, the importance of scientifi c work, pedagogical activity, and manage- rial skills in the foundation and successful functioning of the Department of History of Ukraine. Th e methodological foundation of the research is the principles of objectivity, historicism, sys- tematicity, and comprehensiveness. Among the methods, the problem-chronological, historical- genetic, historical-comparative, synchronous, and diachronic methods are the most widely used. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in an attempt to reconstruct the portrait of Mykola Petrov as a fa- mous scientist and teacher, a skillful organizer of the Department of History of Ukraine, and its 18-year-old head. Conclusions. Th ere are three stages in Mykola Petrov’s life and work: the 1st (1952-1977) – the time when the foundations of the personality were formed, from childhood to the end of his studies at the historical faculty of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute (now Ivan Ohiienko National University); the 2nd (1977-1990) was characterized by the forma- tion of his professional qualities as a scientist (in 1986 he graduated from postgraduate studies at the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and successfully defended his PhD dissertation the following year) and as a teacher – an instructor at a higher education institution (1986-1990 – assistant and senior lecturer of the Department of History of the USSR and Ukrainian SSR, Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute); the 3rd (1990-2008) was the fl owering of the talents of a scientist, a teacher (Associate Professor (1995), Professor (2002)), a manager-organizer of the Department of History of Ukraine, whose life was tragically cut short by an incurable disease. Th e scientifi c heritage of Mykola Petrov includes more than 200 works, as well as two fun- damental monographs. Its analysis confi rms the existence of three leading directions of scientifi c research. Th e fi rst of them is related to the history of Kamianets-Podilskyi in the XII–XVIII centuries, the second – to the history of the urban settlements of Podillia and Volyn in the Middle Ages and early modern times, and the third – to the study of the historiographic work of the re- searchers who studied Podil and Volyn antiquities. Th e history of Kamianets-Podilskyi occupied the leading place in his scientifi c work during the Middle Ages and early modern times.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87743517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.189-195
Uriy Khoptiar, A. Khoptiar
{"title":"Adamskyi V. R. Podillia region Province commissar (march 1917 – april 1918): researches. Documents. Materials. Khmelnytskyi: private","authors":"Uriy Khoptiar, A. Khoptiar","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.189-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.189-195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79147652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.156-166
L. Mohylnyi
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Ukrainian intelligentsia was joined by young people active in political, scientifi c, and educational terms. It faced a diffi cult choice – to choose the direction of its contribution to the reform of Ukrainian society at that time. Some of the young people clearly decided to break with the scientifi c and educational activities of their parents and engage in political work, while others chose to combine both political and cultural, educational and scientifi c work. Mykhailo Slabchenko and Serhii Iefremov can be called a vivid example of the cooperation between supporters of diff erent ideological positions. Socio-political views of scientists determined the direction of their Ukrainian studies activities, which began immediately aft er joining the cultural and educational work of local Ukrainophile communi- ties. It is essential to note their industriousness and unfailingness in the organization of various educational events, activities of “Prosvita”, Scientifi c Societies, and work in commissions of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Th ey had a convergence of their positions regarding developing national education and science. Th e purpose of the work is to analyze the pro-Ukrainian work of representatives of various political ideologies – M. Slabchenko as a supporter of Ukrainian social democracy and S. Iefremov as one of the active representatives of the Ukrainian liberal in- telligentsia of the fi rst third of the 20th century. Th e research methodology. Th e methods of gen- eralization and synthesis, principles of historicism, objectivity, and scientifi city were used among the methods used to reveal the topic. Th e scientifi c novelty. In the article, based on published and unpublished archival materials, the organizational and scientifi c cooperation of the famous scientists M. Slabchenko and S. Iefremov in relation to the development of scientifi c centres in the south of Ukraine, which determines its scientifi c novelty, is investigated. Conclusions. Th e study of the cooperation of M. Slabchenko and S. Iefremov made it possible to highlight the stage of their cooperation, namely 1926-1929, when the Odesa Scientifi c Society was created, and M. Slabchenko was elected an academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
{"title":"The scientific cooperation of Mykhailo Slabchenko and Serhii Iefremov in 1926-1929","authors":"L. Mohylnyi","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.156-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.156-166","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the 20th century, the Ukrainian intelligentsia was joined by young people active in political, scientifi c, and educational terms. It faced a diffi cult choice – to choose the direction of its contribution to the reform of Ukrainian society at that time. Some of the young people clearly decided to break with the scientifi c and educational activities of their parents and engage in political work, while others chose to combine both political and cultural, educational and scientifi c work. Mykhailo Slabchenko and Serhii Iefremov can be called a vivid example of the cooperation between supporters of diff erent ideological positions. Socio-political views of scientists determined the direction of their Ukrainian studies activities, which began immediately aft er joining the cultural and educational work of local Ukrainophile communi- ties. It is essential to note their industriousness and unfailingness in the organization of various educational events, activities of “Prosvita”, Scientifi c Societies, and work in commissions of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Th ey had a convergence of their positions regarding developing national education and science. Th e purpose of the work is to analyze the pro-Ukrainian work of representatives of various political ideologies – M. Slabchenko as a supporter of Ukrainian social democracy and S. Iefremov as one of the active representatives of the Ukrainian liberal in- telligentsia of the fi rst third of the 20th century. Th e research methodology. Th e methods of gen- eralization and synthesis, principles of historicism, objectivity, and scientifi city were used among the methods used to reveal the topic. Th e scientifi c novelty. In the article, based on published and unpublished archival materials, the organizational and scientifi c cooperation of the famous scientists M. Slabchenko and S. Iefremov in relation to the development of scientifi c centres in the south of Ukraine, which determines its scientifi c novelty, is investigated. Conclusions. Th e study of the cooperation of M. Slabchenko and S. Iefremov made it possible to highlight the stage of their cooperation, namely 1926-1929, when the Odesa Scientifi c Society was created, and M. Slabchenko was elected an academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89614490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.101-115
A. Rundichuk
The purpose of the article is to study the characteristic features and typologi- cal regularities of a child’s position and attitude to childhood in the bourgeois environment of German cities of the XIV-XV centuries. Th e methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Analytical, problem-chronological, comparative, and systemic methods have been used during the research. Th e scientifi c novelty is justifi ed by the comprehensive involvement of sources and historiography that highlight the situation of children and childhood in a German city of the XIV-XV centuries, as well as the need to supp- lement domestic research on this topic. Conclusions. During the late Middle Ages, changes in the perception of a child and childhood took place, particularly in the cities of Germany in the XIV-XV centuries. Such elements of previous centuries as the involvement of children in work before their physical maturity and the opportunity to master the profession of their own parents are still relevant for the German burgher community of the late Middle Ages. At the same time, German cities are beginning to introduce obstetric rules that regulate the acceptance of child- birth and control the process of childbirth. In the second half of the XV century, parents’ attitude towards their off spring changed: children are beginning to be seen as potential guardians of their parents in their old age, as well as helpers in their professional activities. Orphanages begin to appear in Augsburg, Esslingen, Munich, Nuremberg, etc. Conventional traditional division of the stages of childhood, which was widespread in late medieval Germany, in particular in cit- ies, consisted of three periods: the fi rst – from 6 to 7 years, the second – from 7 to 14 years, the third – from 14 years and older. Such terms denoted these stages as “infantia” (“childhood”), “pueritia” (“youth”), and “adolescentia” (“adolescence”), respectively. Illegitimate children had a special status in a late medieval German city: access to craft s was closed to them, as well as the possibility of obtaining a position in the city council. Th e period when a child could already be involved in work depended on general ideas about physical maturation. Usually, children’s capacity for work began at the age of 8, when they could partially engage in the same activities as adults. Th e age at which parents stop caring for their children is directly correlated with their off spring marrying or having their own children.
{"title":"A Child and childhood in a German town of the XIV-XV centuries","authors":"A. Rundichuk","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.101-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.101-115","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the characteristic features and typologi- cal regularities of a child’s position and attitude to childhood in the bourgeois environment of German cities of the XIV-XV centuries. Th e methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Analytical, problem-chronological, comparative, and systemic methods have been used during the research. Th e scientifi c novelty is justifi ed by the comprehensive involvement of sources and historiography that highlight the situation of children and childhood in a German city of the XIV-XV centuries, as well as the need to supp- lement domestic research on this topic. Conclusions. During the late Middle Ages, changes in the perception of a child and childhood took place, particularly in the cities of Germany in the XIV-XV centuries. Such elements of previous centuries as the involvement of children in work before their physical maturity and the opportunity to master the profession of their own parents are still relevant for the German burgher community of the late Middle Ages. At the same time, German cities are beginning to introduce obstetric rules that regulate the acceptance of child- birth and control the process of childbirth. In the second half of the XV century, parents’ attitude towards their off spring changed: children are beginning to be seen as potential guardians of their parents in their old age, as well as helpers in their professional activities. Orphanages begin to appear in Augsburg, Esslingen, Munich, Nuremberg, etc. Conventional traditional division of the stages of childhood, which was widespread in late medieval Germany, in particular in cit- ies, consisted of three periods: the fi rst – from 6 to 7 years, the second – from 7 to 14 years, the third – from 14 years and older. Such terms denoted these stages as “infantia” (“childhood”), “pueritia” (“youth”), and “adolescentia” (“adolescence”), respectively. Illegitimate children had a special status in a late medieval German city: access to craft s was closed to them, as well as the possibility of obtaining a position in the city council. Th e period when a child could already be involved in work depended on general ideas about physical maturation. Usually, children’s capacity for work began at the age of 8, when they could partially engage in the same activities as adults. Th e age at which parents stop caring for their children is directly correlated with their off spring marrying or having their own children.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87264141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.137-155
Аndrii Chutkyi
The purpose of the work is to investigate the situation of Kyiv higher school dur- ing World War I as an indicator of increasing changes in the general mood of the Ukrainian population. Th e key object of the study is studentship, as it was a kind of concentrated expression of society due to the small number of universities in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, which determined the presence in each of them of people from all regions and social statuses. Th e infl uence of that war on the Kyiv professor-teaching corporation is also investigated. Th e research methodology is based on general and special scientifi c methods (structural-systemic, analysis, synthesis, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, historical-typological, etc.), principles of scientifi city, and objectivity. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the introduction into the scientifi c circulation of sources that are supplemented by already known sources but analyzed in the light of new problems, which are particularly relevant and allow to identify the student body and the professor-teaching corporation of the higher school as promoters of changes in the world- view principles and attitudes of the entire society. Conclusions. It is proven that the students and teaching staff of Kyiv universities immediately felt the impact of the change in the internal policy of the Russian Empire, which provoked a crisis of the established value systems at the beginning of the XX century. At the same time, the professor-teaching corporation had diffi culty perceiving the changes. Instead, the student body not only stood up for a radical break with tradition but also against the authorities, which became a kind of “warning indicator” of these trends in soci- ety as a whole. However, this message was not accepted by the imperial authorities. Taking into account that in the subsequent history of Ukraine, the student body was the initiator of all active actions aimed at changing the existing system, a signifi cant research direction into the history of the student body was determined.
{"title":"Everyday life of the students and teaching corporation of Kyiv universities during the First World War","authors":"Аndrii Chutkyi","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.137-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.137-155","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to investigate the situation of Kyiv higher school dur- ing World War I as an indicator of increasing changes in the general mood of the Ukrainian population. Th e key object of the study is studentship, as it was a kind of concentrated expression of society due to the small number of universities in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, which determined the presence in each of them of people from all regions and social statuses. Th e infl uence of that war on the Kyiv professor-teaching corporation is also investigated. Th e research methodology is based on general and special scientifi c methods (structural-systemic, analysis, synthesis, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, historical-typological, etc.), principles of scientifi city, and objectivity. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the introduction into the scientifi c circulation of sources that are supplemented by already known sources but analyzed in the light of new problems, which are particularly relevant and allow to identify the student body and the professor-teaching corporation of the higher school as promoters of changes in the world- view principles and attitudes of the entire society. Conclusions. It is proven that the students and teaching staff of Kyiv universities immediately felt the impact of the change in the internal policy of the Russian Empire, which provoked a crisis of the established value systems at the beginning of the XX century. At the same time, the professor-teaching corporation had diffi culty perceiving the changes. Instead, the student body not only stood up for a radical break with tradition but also against the authorities, which became a kind of “warning indicator” of these trends in soci- ety as a whole. However, this message was not accepted by the imperial authorities. Taking into account that in the subsequent history of Ukraine, the student body was the initiator of all active actions aimed at changing the existing system, a signifi cant research direction into the history of the student body was determined.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74697185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.65-85
M. Krugliak
The purpose of the research is to analyze the degree of coverage on the pages of the press of Transdniprian Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cen- turies the worldwide phenomenon of traffi cking in women and to demonstate measures taken by the state and the public to reduce and eliminate it. Th e research methodology is based on general scientifi c principles as objectivity, historicism, systematicity, as well as on the use of methods – analysis and synthesis, comparison and abstraction, generalization and systematiza- tion, historical-typological and problem-chronological. Th e scientifi c novelty is that for the fi rst time in domestic historiography, an attempt to analyze the attitude of the state and the public to the problem of traffi cking in women at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cen- turies by studying the periodical press of this period was made. Th e author also draws attention to the global nature of the problem, emphasizing on little-known aspects, in particular, child traffi cking. Conclusions. At the end of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century traffi cking in women has become global and has become an urgent problem that can only be solved by the combined eff orts of governments of all countries. Meanwhile, newspaper publications testify to the reluctance of the elites to engage in this, and the reason was not only the presence of military and political confl icts, but also the corrupt component of this trade, the patrons of which were oft en representatives of the authorities and the local police. Journalists of newspapers published in Transdniprian Ukraine generally have a negative at- titude towards traffi cking in women and prostitution. Meanwhile, the chauvinistic “Kievlianin” places too much emphasis on the Jewish factor and on the fact that most oft en the agents for fi nding and selling women were Jews; provides many examples of governmental attempts to solve this problem and cites documents adopted at the international level. We cannot rule out the PR technologies that journalists resorted to, describing in a detective style the stories of the victims of the “live commodity” trade and their way back home. Undoubtedly, such publications infl uenced the growth of circulation and sold copies of the newspaper. Th us, we can state that the problem of traffi cking in women was given enough space in the press of the Under-Russian Ukraine at the time, but the goals of the appearance of such notes in the columns of newspapers were diff erent: to draw attention to the urgent problem of today; develop ways to fi ght it; increase readership.
{"title":"The problem of trafficking in women on the pages of the press of Transdniprian Ukraine (end of the 19th – early 20th century)","authors":"M. Krugliak","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.65-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.65-85","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to analyze the degree of coverage on the pages of the press of Transdniprian Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cen- turies the worldwide phenomenon of traffi cking in women and to demonstate measures taken by the state and the public to reduce and eliminate it. Th e research methodology is based on general scientifi c principles as objectivity, historicism, systematicity, as well as on the use of methods – analysis and synthesis, comparison and abstraction, generalization and systematiza- tion, historical-typological and problem-chronological. Th e scientifi c novelty is that for the fi rst time in domestic historiography, an attempt to analyze the attitude of the state and the public to the problem of traffi cking in women at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cen- turies by studying the periodical press of this period was made. Th e author also draws attention to the global nature of the problem, emphasizing on little-known aspects, in particular, child traffi cking. Conclusions. At the end of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century traffi cking in women has become global and has become an urgent problem that can only be solved by the combined eff orts of governments of all countries. Meanwhile, newspaper publications testify to the reluctance of the elites to engage in this, and the reason was not only the presence of military and political confl icts, but also the corrupt component of this trade, the patrons of which were oft en representatives of the authorities and the local police. Journalists of newspapers published in Transdniprian Ukraine generally have a negative at- titude towards traffi cking in women and prostitution. Meanwhile, the chauvinistic “Kievlianin” places too much emphasis on the Jewish factor and on the fact that most oft en the agents for fi nding and selling women were Jews; provides many examples of governmental attempts to solve this problem and cites documents adopted at the international level. We cannot rule out the PR technologies that journalists resorted to, describing in a detective style the stories of the victims of the “live commodity” trade and their way back home. Undoubtedly, such publications infl uenced the growth of circulation and sold copies of the newspaper. Th us, we can state that the problem of traffi cking in women was given enough space in the press of the Under-Russian Ukraine at the time, but the goals of the appearance of such notes in the columns of newspapers were diff erent: to draw attention to the urgent problem of today; develop ways to fi ght it; increase readership.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78796606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.178-188
Yurii Latysh
The purpose of the research deals with the study of the historical politics of Ukraine during the war in the context of national security. Th e theoretical framework is based on the concept of securitization developed by the Copenhagen School (Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver) and the concept of Politics of Mnemonical Security (Maria Mälksoo). Th e research methodo- logy is based on the use of a transdisciplinary approach the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization, comparative-historical, historical-typological and problematic-chronolo gical. Th e studies no- velty is that the article examines for the fi rst time the phenomenon of securitization of memory during the Russian-Ukrainian war against the background of the features of the landscape of memory in Eastern and Central Europe, analyzes the legislation, highlights the views of rep- resentatives of the Ukrainian authorities on the role of history in the war time. Conclusions. The securitization of historical memory in Ukraine began aft er Russia’s aggression in 2014 and serves as a means of ensuring the safety of the national historical narrative by delegitimizing or directly criminalizing Soviet and Russian narratives that are considered a threat to the state and society. Its main reason is the abuse of “historical arguments” by the Russian authorities, which include the denial of the existence of the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian language, statements about Ukraine as a “failed state” and the Nazi state, the concepts of Russian world, Novorossiya, and the divided Russian people. Securitization is a forced and temporary wartime policy. In a democratic and pluralistic society, national memory cannot be formulated offi cially or regulated by bureaucracy. Aft er the war, historical memory must be desecuritized, deweapo- nized and returned to the realm of political participation and public debate.
研究的目的是在国家安全的背景下研究乌克兰在战争期间的历史政治。理论框架基于哥本哈根学派(Barry Buzan, Ole w . æver)提出的证券化概念和记忆安全政治学(Maria Mälksoo)的概念。研究方法是基于跨学科方法的使用，客观性原则，历史主义，系统性，分析和综合，概括和系统化，比较-历史，历史-类型学和问题-年代学。本文的研究之处在于，本文首次以东欧和中欧记忆景观的特点为背景，考察了俄乌战争期间的记忆证券化现象，分析了立法，突出了乌克兰当局代表对历史在战争时期的作用的看法。结论。乌克兰历史记忆的证券化始于2014年俄罗斯入侵之后，通过将被视为对国家和社会构成威胁的苏联和俄罗斯叙事合法化或直接定罪，作为确保国家历史叙事安全的一种手段。其主要原因是俄罗斯当局滥用“历史论据”，其中包括否认乌克兰人民和乌克兰语的存在，将乌克兰视为“失败国家”和纳粹国家的言论，俄罗斯世界、新罗西亚和分裂的俄罗斯人民的概念。证券化是一种强制的、暂时的战时政策。在一个民主和多元化的社会中，国家记忆不能由官方制定或由官僚机构管理。战后，历史记忆必须非军事化、非武器化，并回归到政治参与和公共辩论的领域。
{"title":"Securitization of historical memory during the Russian-Ukrainian War","authors":"Yurii Latysh","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.178-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.178-188","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research deals with the study of the historical politics of Ukraine during the war in the context of national security. Th e theoretical framework is based on the concept of securitization developed by the Copenhagen School (Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver) and the concept of Politics of Mnemonical Security (Maria Mälksoo). Th e research methodo- logy is based on the use of a transdisciplinary approach the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization, comparative-historical, historical-typological and problematic-chronolo gical. Th e studies no- velty is that the article examines for the fi rst time the phenomenon of securitization of memory during the Russian-Ukrainian war against the background of the features of the landscape of memory in Eastern and Central Europe, analyzes the legislation, highlights the views of rep- resentatives of the Ukrainian authorities on the role of history in the war time. Conclusions. The securitization of historical memory in Ukraine began aft er Russia’s aggression in 2014 and serves as a means of ensuring the safety of the national historical narrative by delegitimizing or directly criminalizing Soviet and Russian narratives that are considered a threat to the state and society. Its main reason is the abuse of “historical arguments” by the Russian authorities, which include the denial of the existence of the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian language, statements about Ukraine as a “failed state” and the Nazi state, the concepts of Russian world, Novorossiya, and the divided Russian people. Securitization is a forced and temporary wartime policy. In a democratic and pluralistic society, national memory cannot be formulated offi cially or regulated by bureaucracy. Aft er the war, historical memory must be desecuritized, deweapo- nized and returned to the realm of political participation and public debate.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87705453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.86-100
V. Kolesnyk, O. Cheberyako
The purpose of the research is to reveal the content of the projects of the state system developed by the Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian Empire at the be- ginning of the 20th century, to carry out their comparative analysis. Research methodology includes the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, and systematicity, which are implemented using such research methods as analytical, comparative and others. Th e sci- entifi c novelty of the work lies in the fact that it holistically and comprehensively reveals the essence of the projects of the state system developed by Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, their comparative analysis is car- ried out, common features and existing diff erences are identifi ed, an attempt is made to give a modern assessment of their value, expressed critical perception of the possibilities of their imp- lementation. Conclusions. It was found that the projects of the state system, developed in the program documents of the Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, having common features and certain peculiarities of their own, refl ected, in fact, only one concept of solving the issue of statehood, as they saw the future of Ukraine in its national-territorial autonomy as part of federal democratic Russia. Th ey did not consider or develop a concept that provided for the achievement of an independent Ukrainian state, which gives grounds for asserting that the development of the projects of the state system by the Ukrainian liberal democrats was not complete. Th e proposed party projects did not agree with the idea of a conciliar independent Ukrainian state, which was included as a strategic goal in the program requirements of Ukrainian parties in Austria-Hungary in the second half of the 90s of the 19th century. From the point of view of civilizational development, the projects generally met the require- ments of the time and certainly had an external appeal. But today, taking into account the cen- tralizing tendency of russian politicians, the imperial experience of russia in the 20th and early 21st centuries, the genocidal war of the russian Federation against Ukraine, the reluctance of the russian power structures for decades to take the path of the democratic and legal development of the state, obviously, one can question their realism.
{"title":"Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian empire at the beginning of the 20th century: development of projects of the state system","authors":"V. Kolesnyk, O. Cheberyako","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.86-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.86-100","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to reveal the content of the projects of the state system developed by the Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian Empire at the be- ginning of the 20th century, to carry out their comparative analysis. Research methodology includes the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, and systematicity, which are implemented using such research methods as analytical, comparative and others. Th e sci- entifi c novelty of the work lies in the fact that it holistically and comprehensively reveals the essence of the projects of the state system developed by Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, their comparative analysis is car- ried out, common features and existing diff erences are identifi ed, an attempt is made to give a modern assessment of their value, expressed critical perception of the possibilities of their imp- lementation. Conclusions. It was found that the projects of the state system, developed in the program documents of the Ukrainian liberal-democratic parties in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, having common features and certain peculiarities of their own, refl ected, in fact, only one concept of solving the issue of statehood, as they saw the future of Ukraine in its national-territorial autonomy as part of federal democratic Russia. Th ey did not consider or develop a concept that provided for the achievement of an independent Ukrainian state, which gives grounds for asserting that the development of the projects of the state system by the Ukrainian liberal democrats was not complete. Th e proposed party projects did not agree with the idea of a conciliar independent Ukrainian state, which was included as a strategic goal in the program requirements of Ukrainian parties in Austria-Hungary in the second half of the 90s of the 19th century. From the point of view of civilizational development, the projects generally met the require- ments of the time and certainly had an external appeal. But today, taking into account the cen- tralizing tendency of russian politicians, the imperial experience of russia in the 20th and early 21st centuries, the genocidal war of the russian Federation against Ukraine, the reluctance of the russian power structures for decades to take the path of the democratic and legal development of the state, obviously, one can question their realism.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78026004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.125-137
A. Petrash
The purpose of the research is to highlight, on the basis of documents from the archives of the Society of Jesus and periodicals of the time, the missionary activity of the order in Stanyslaviv from 1883 until the beginning of the First World War. In addition, to analyze the social work of the Society of Jesus, particularly the latter’s establishment of religious societies and Marian sodalities. Th e research methodology. Th e article uses general scientifi c methods, particularly the analysis, and synthesis of various sources, induction, and deduction. Th e principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, integrity, and systematicity are applied. Th e text uses the approp- riate terminological apparatus, which substantiates the author’s vision of the essence and historical assessment of the missionary initiatives of the Society of Jesus in Stanyslaviv. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in a comprehensive review of the pastoral activities of the Society of Jesus in Stanyslaviv in 1883-1914. Based on the annual reports of the Jesuits, statistical data on various areas of their missionary service are presented. Th ere’s an opinion put forward that the history of the Society of Jesus in Ukrainian lands at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries is sporadi- cally presented in Ukrainian historiography, which strengthens the relevance of the study of the history of Roman Catholic orders in Halychyna. Conclusions. In 1883, the Jesuits had the op- portunity to start a mission in Stanyslaviv, where the Lviv Archbishop of the Armenian Catholic Church Isaac Mykolay Isakovych invited them. At fi rst, the Jesuits were engaged in pastoral care at the Armenian church. Later, they organized the construction of the church of St. Stanislav Kostka and the residence, which became the mission house of the order. It was noted that the scope of the spiritual work of the Society of Jesus unfolded over time. It was indicated that the social activity of the Jesuits, connected with the establishment of Marian sodalities and religious congregations, was carried out in the context of the social policy of Pope Leo XIII.
{"title":"Missionary activities of the Society of Jesus in Stanyslaviv (1883-1914)","authors":"A. Petrash","doi":"10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.125-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-38.125-137","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to highlight, on the basis of documents from the archives of the Society of Jesus and periodicals of the time, the missionary activity of the order in Stanyslaviv from 1883 until the beginning of the First World War. In addition, to analyze the social work of the Society of Jesus, particularly the latter’s establishment of religious societies and Marian sodalities. Th e research methodology. Th e article uses general scientifi c methods, particularly the analysis, and synthesis of various sources, induction, and deduction. Th e principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, integrity, and systematicity are applied. Th e text uses the approp- riate terminological apparatus, which substantiates the author’s vision of the essence and historical assessment of the missionary initiatives of the Society of Jesus in Stanyslaviv. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in a comprehensive review of the pastoral activities of the Society of Jesus in Stanyslaviv in 1883-1914. Based on the annual reports of the Jesuits, statistical data on various areas of their missionary service are presented. Th ere’s an opinion put forward that the history of the Society of Jesus in Ukrainian lands at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries is sporadi- cally presented in Ukrainian historiography, which strengthens the relevance of the study of the history of Roman Catholic orders in Halychyna. Conclusions. In 1883, the Jesuits had the op- portunity to start a mission in Stanyslaviv, where the Lviv Archbishop of the Armenian Catholic Church Isaac Mykolay Isakovych invited them. At fi rst, the Jesuits were engaged in pastoral care at the Armenian church. Later, they organized the construction of the church of St. Stanislav Kostka and the residence, which became the mission house of the order. It was noted that the scope of the spiritual work of the Society of Jesus unfolded over time. It was indicated that the social activity of the Jesuits, connected with the establishment of Marian sodalities and religious congregations, was carried out in the context of the social policy of Pope Leo XIII.","PeriodicalId":33265,"journal":{"name":"Problemi suchasnoyi psikhologiyi","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76579347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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