Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-78-88
Dmitrieva Lidiya M., Yunfey Zhang
The article analyzes the toponyms “Russia”, “Moscow” and “Barnaul” from the point of view of the mental toponymic stereotype in the minds of Chinese students. The aim of the study is to identify the origin of these toponyms, as well as their perception in the minds of Chinese students. The difference in culture and ethnicity makes it inevitable for people who come into contact with the culture of other countries or other ethnic groups to develop stereotypes. So, further study of toponyms associated with the history and culture of Russia will expand the circle of knowledge of Chinese students about Russian culture. The study is based on the results of a survey of 100 Chinese students in order to identify their understanding and identify stereotypes regarding the geographical names “Russia”, “Moscow” and “Barnaul”. A consistent study of toponyms will help to achieve their understanding. The use of the questionnaire method and associative experiment made it possible to reveal the influence of existing stereotypes among Chinese students in the understanding of foreign (Russian) toponyms “Russia”, “Moscow”: and “Barnaul”. The understanding by foreign students of geographic names that are not nationals is always primarily related to the geographic location in which they are located and some of the features for which the city is famous. In this regard, the impression that Moscow is red is deeply rooted in the minds of Chinese students. Thus, the authors come to the conclusion that toponyms carry an unprecedented amount of information related to historical and socio-cultural aspects. Russian toponyms can help Chinese students learn more about Russian culture and expand their understanding of it. In order to understand the names of Russian toponyms, Chinese students rely on their geographical location, climate, features of the national language and culture, as well as on the study and understanding of various cultural symbols.
{"title":"Toponyms “Russia”, “Moscow”, “Barnaul” in the Minds of Chinese Students","authors":"Dmitrieva Lidiya M., Yunfey Zhang","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-78-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-78-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the toponyms “Russia”, “Moscow” and “Barnaul” from the point of view of the mental toponymic stereotype in the minds of Chinese students. The aim of the study is to identify the origin of these toponyms, as well as their perception in the minds of Chinese students. The difference in culture and ethnicity makes it inevitable for people who come into contact with the culture of other countries or other ethnic groups to develop stereotypes. So, further study of toponyms associated with the history and culture of Russia will expand the circle of knowledge of Chinese students about Russian culture. The study is based on the results of a survey of 100 Chinese students in order to identify their understanding and identify stereotypes regarding the geographical names “Russia”, “Moscow” and “Barnaul”. A consistent study of toponyms will help to achieve their understanding. The use of the questionnaire method and associative experiment made it possible to reveal the influence of existing stereotypes among Chinese students in the understanding of foreign (Russian) toponyms “Russia”, “Moscow”: and “Barnaul”. The understanding by foreign students of geographic names that are not nationals is always primarily related to the geographic location in which they are located and some of the features for which the city is famous. In this regard, the impression that Moscow is red is deeply rooted in the minds of Chinese students. Thus, the authors come to the conclusion that toponyms carry an unprecedented amount of information related to historical and socio-cultural aspects. Russian toponyms can help Chinese students learn more about Russian culture and expand their understanding of it. In order to understand the names of Russian toponyms, Chinese students rely on their geographical location, climate, features of the national language and culture, as well as on the study and understanding of various cultural symbols.","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-8-17
Zabiyako Anna A., Zemlyanskaya Kseniya A.
The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism in the methodological paradigms of studying texts of artistic and ethnographic content in thematic, genre-stylistic, receptive aspects. The novelty lies in the source study, textual, genre-stylistic analysis of the unpublished collection Stories of the East by V. Mart. The research problem lies in the poetological reconstruction of the history of the creative failure of the opportunist literate writer in the Soviet literature at the beginning of the 1930s. The research methodology is based on genre-stylistic, structural-semantic analysis, source analysis of manuscript texts from the point of view of their ethnographic orientation. Based on the experience of research published in the USSR and works of artistic ethnography of the writer, the authors establish the typological features of the artistic strategy by V. Mart. Research methods: historical and literary, structural and semantic, source analysis, mythological reconstructions. The authors state that the unifying principle of V. Mart’s collection Stories of the East is his “old-fashioned” attitude. It turned out that V. Mart collected variations of previously published “oriental” stories and only a few completely new works (Indian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese themes) into a single artistic space. When creating them, he mainly used typological techniques used in previous publications of the Soviet period: the contamination of traditional mythological plots and revolutionary maxims, the transposition of foreign cultural realities into Russian reality, simplified linguistic, ethnocultural, mythological commentaries, etc. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that the collection was compiled in the early 1930s; at the same time, neither artistic flaws nor problems with the reliability of the ethnographic material became the reason for the rejection of the manuscript for publication. Factography in depicting revolutionary events in China and other countries of the late 1920s played the fatal role of anachronism in the early 1930s, when the situation in the Northeast and Southeast Asia changed dramatically. The ethnographic “true stories” of Mart put together became convincing “sabotage” evidence of the defeat of the revolutionary movement in the East and the strategic mistakes of Soviet diplomacy in the region.
{"title":"Stories of the East in the Context of Artistic Ethnography by V. Mart of the Soviet Period","authors":"Zabiyako Anna A., Zemlyanskaya Kseniya A.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-8-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-8-17","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism in the methodological paradigms of studying texts of artistic and ethnographic content in thematic, genre-stylistic, receptive aspects. The novelty lies in the source study, textual, genre-stylistic analysis of the unpublished collection Stories of the East by V. Mart. The research problem lies in the poetological reconstruction of the history of the creative failure of the opportunist literate writer in the Soviet literature at the beginning of the 1930s. The research methodology is based on genre-stylistic, structural-semantic analysis, source analysis of manuscript texts from the point of view of their ethnographic orientation. Based on the experience of research published in the USSR and works of artistic ethnography of the writer, the authors establish the typological features of the artistic strategy by V. Mart. Research methods: historical and literary, structural and semantic, source analysis, mythological reconstructions. The authors state that the unifying principle of V. Mart’s collection Stories of the East is his “old-fashioned” attitude. It turned out that V. Mart collected variations of previously published “oriental” stories and only a few completely new works (Indian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese themes) into a single artistic space. When creating them, he mainly used typological techniques used in previous publications of the Soviet period: the contamination of traditional mythological plots and revolutionary maxims, the transposition of foreign cultural realities into Russian reality, simplified linguistic, ethnocultural, mythological commentaries, etc. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that the collection was compiled in the early 1930s; at the same time, neither artistic flaws nor problems with the reliability of the ethnographic material became the reason for the rejection of the manuscript for publication. Factography in depicting revolutionary events in China and other countries of the late 1920s played the fatal role of anachronism in the early 1930s, when the situation in the Northeast and Southeast Asia changed dramatically. The ethnographic “true stories” of Mart put together became convincing “sabotage” evidence of the defeat of the revolutionary movement in the East and the strategic mistakes of Soviet diplomacy in the region.","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47143032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-96-106
Erofeeva Irina V., Tolstokulakova Yulia V.
Linguocultural and conceptual analysis of more than 500 texts of news agencies and print media allows us to present structural and substantive characteristics of the axiosphere of the concept of War in the media discourse on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The relevance of the study is due to the continuous confrontation between Armenia and Azerbaijan, despite the efforts of some countries concerned. In this situation, value reflection in relation to key aspects of the perception of the conflict objectified in the conceptualized sphere of the War of the Russian media discourse is very important. The etymological characteristic of the concept studied indicates classical opposition “war – peace” (pathology of life and its norm), which allows us to distinguish axiological dominants in the coverage of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the mass media. Ideological modality of the conceptualized sphere is directly related to national interests in the context of modern geopolitical war. The scenario representation model discovered in the process of our research shows itself in the expressive paradigm “We – They”, which involves not only warring countries but also other political actors concerned. In general, the conflict discourse initiated by the media emphasizes the absolute nature of the war and its inconclusive nature, burdened by the lack of a unified response to the current situation from Armenia and Azerbaijan.
{"title":"Axiosphere of the War Concept in the Media Discourse on the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict","authors":"Erofeeva Irina V., Tolstokulakova Yulia V.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-96-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-96-106","url":null,"abstract":"Linguocultural and conceptual analysis of more than 500 texts of news agencies and print media allows us to present structural and substantive characteristics of the axiosphere of the concept of War in the media discourse on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The relevance of the study is due to the continuous confrontation between Armenia and Azerbaijan, despite the efforts of some countries concerned. In this situation, value reflection in relation to key aspects of the perception of the conflict objectified in the conceptualized sphere of the War of the Russian media discourse is very important. The etymological characteristic of the concept studied indicates classical opposition “war – peace” (pathology of life and its norm), which allows us to distinguish axiological dominants in the coverage of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the mass media. Ideological modality of the conceptualized sphere is directly related to national interests in the context of modern geopolitical war. The scenario representation model discovered in the process of our research shows itself in the expressive paradigm “We – They”, which involves not only warring countries but also other political actors concerned. In general, the conflict discourse initiated by the media emphasizes the absolute nature of the war and its inconclusive nature, burdened by the lack of a unified response to the current situation from Armenia and Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47838037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-169-178
Rogozin Dmitry M., Vyugovskaya Elena V.
The team of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (RANEPA) conducted an online survey on social networks Facebook and Instagram in the middle of April 2020. The survey as a part of the regular monitoring research concerning social status and behavior of the population amidst the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) deals with the issues of trust to official information as well as perception of threat of the pandemic for public and individual health, for the country’s economy and personal financial situation. In the context of epidemiological situation, a high demand in news about the disease was accompanied by a decrease of confidence in the information published in the media, i. e. 28 % of respondents commented that they fully or significantly trust official information about the coronavirus, while 69 % admitted that they partially trust it or do not trust at all. Even so according to most respondents the greatest threat of coronavirus spreading was raised by the state economy (85 %) and the public health (47 %). The obtained data helps to maintain several statements: 1) the dependence of the growth of mistrust in official sources and the spread of unconfirmed information (rumors); 2) the impact of the pandemic social context on the nature of official information; 3) the formation of a new language for describing current events and making possible to perceive and interpret the ongoing social changes.Through a review of relevant publications by the other authors, supported by the empirical data based on public opinion polls, the above listed hypotheses are tested and reinforced with new arguments and assumptions. The authors propose a combined, interdisciplinary approach to expand the prospects for analysis for a wide audience and to continue studying the media discourse, understanding the influence of media resources on public opinion and everyday communication in Russia.
{"title":"Three Hypotheses about the Media Content Amidst the Coronavirus Infection","authors":"Rogozin Dmitry M., Vyugovskaya Elena V.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-169-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-169-178","url":null,"abstract":"The team of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (RANEPA) conducted an online survey on social networks Facebook and Instagram in the middle of April 2020. The survey as a part of the regular monitoring research concerning social status and behavior of the population amidst the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) deals with the issues of trust to official information as well as perception of threat of the pandemic for public and individual health, for the country’s economy and personal financial situation. In the context of epidemiological situation, a high demand in news about the disease was accompanied by a decrease of confidence in the information published in the media, i. e. 28 % of respondents commented that they fully or significantly trust official information about the coronavirus, while 69 % admitted that they partially trust it or do not trust at all. Even so according to most respondents the greatest threat of coronavirus spreading was raised by the state economy (85 %) and the public health (47 %). The obtained data helps to maintain several statements: 1) the dependence of the growth of mistrust in official sources and the spread of unconfirmed information (rumors); 2) the impact of the pandemic social context on the nature of official information; 3) the formation of a new language for describing current events and making possible to perceive and interpret the ongoing social changes.Through a review of relevant publications by the other authors, supported by the empirical data based on public opinion polls, the above listed hypotheses are tested and reinforced with new arguments and assumptions. The authors propose a combined, interdisciplinary approach to expand the prospects for analysis for a wide audience and to continue studying the media discourse, understanding the influence of media resources on public opinion and everyday communication in Russia.","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47445028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-145-157
Nowiak Wojciech, Molenda Krzysztof
The article refers in its analysis to the perception of the value of Man as the highest good in the context of media changes and women’s protests in Poland at the end of 2020. At the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the important values emphasized in the public space are: the good of individuals, freedom of expression, political, social and economic equality concerning everyone, regardless of race, gender, culture, religion, political and sexual orientation. New media, including extremely important social media, have become a space for defending these values and attacking them. The aim of this article is a practical analysis of the intersection of values with a traditional humanistic meaning, such as the culture of speech and public debate, with the fight for the freedom to express one’s views and defend values with the use of new media. The field for analysis is the political and ideological dispute sparked on the Polish political scene. The analysis based on political science research and media science was based on researching the sources of both scientific literature, the Internet and social media. Case studies are related to the women’s protest in Poland. Due to the nature of social media, there is no censorship, no control of forms of expression and content. This form of freedom leads to vulgarization of public life. Often vulgarity, verbal, gestures, symbols, and their use have their origins in politics. According to the authors, this extremely important form of expressing thoughts, including the one serving to defend basic values, requires self-control on the part of users and education in the use of means of expression. This education depends on public authorities and their own behavior
{"title":"Media Discourse “Rebellions of Women”: Dispute about Values","authors":"Nowiak Wojciech, Molenda Krzysztof","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-145-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-145-157","url":null,"abstract":"The article refers in its analysis to the perception of the value of Man as the highest good in the context of media changes and women’s protests in Poland at the end of 2020. At the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the important values emphasized in the public space are: the good of individuals, freedom of expression, political, social and economic equality concerning everyone, regardless of race, gender, culture, religion, political and sexual orientation. New media, including extremely important social media, have become a space for defending these values and attacking them. The aim of this article is a practical analysis of the intersection of values with a traditional humanistic meaning, such as the culture of speech and public debate, with the fight for the freedom to express one’s views and defend values with the use of new media. The field for analysis is the political and ideological dispute sparked on the Polish political scene. The analysis based on political science research and media science was based on researching the sources of both scientific literature, the Internet and social media. Case studies are related to the women’s protest in Poland. Due to the nature of social media, there is no censorship, no control of forms of expression and content. This form of freedom leads to vulgarization of public life. Often vulgarity, verbal, gestures, symbols, and their use have their origins in politics. According to the authors, this extremely important form of expressing thoughts, including the one serving to defend basic values, requires self-control on the part of users and education in the use of means of expression. This education depends on public authorities and their own behavior","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-36-45
Vasilyeva Galina M.
The tragedy’s translation is studied as a result of more than 38 years of work by the last gymnasium headmaster in Tsarskoye Selo, the man of “Faust’s culture”. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that each translation of a tragedy allows one to grasp into new cultural meanings and influences poetic practices and translator’s representation, as well as understanding of Christianity. The problem of the research is to identify the multifunctional concept of “anthropocentricity” on specifics of Ivanov’s translation in cultural-historical, confessional and linguistic aspects. The translation was published in 2006, but there isn’t any research on it in the academic field yet. The essence of the scientific hypothesis is that the principle of Ivanov’s translation is anthropocentricity. Ivanov avoided dogmatic dependence on the terminological system and believed that the term was losing its metaphorical energy. He gave no nomination for the concept, explaining it in an empirical sense. According to Ivanov, it is real events that are the basis for interpretations and conclusions. Comprehension of one’s own experience is an unconditional characteristic of anthropocentrism. The translator also offered a kind of retrospective exhibition, recalled like-minded people, amateurs and connoisseurs of Goethe. They encoded values that are connected in the mind of the translator with the name of Goethe and his characters. The unity of anthroponyms acquiring cultural meanings forms Ivanov’s anthropocentric code. In this article, an integrative interdisciplinary method is used, which has an epistemological capacity. The author of the article came to the following conclusions. Ivanov did not raise the issue of expedience of establishing several translations for one poetical work. A good translation is possible only in the context of a great literary tradition, the predecessors’ experience. Poetic “inner men” complement each other by the rules of palimpsest. The fold participates in the poetic events, such as: the image’s creation, the selection of intonations, that determined the uniqueness and autobiographical subtext of the translation. The translation of the Ivanov’s tragedy is perceived as a manifestation of educational intentions. Ivanov assumed that there is a natural pedagogy of the classical example in Goethe’s work and included this in his project of public education. The translation carries obvious time features: the prewar and revolutionary eras. External chaotic life events were contrasted with internal regeneration of the previous cultural discipline. Ivanov was looking for analogues of the work, such as style, themes in Russian literature.
{"title":"Anthropocentricity as a Principle of Translation: Faust by K. A. Ivanov","authors":"Vasilyeva Galina M.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-36-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-4-36-45","url":null,"abstract":"The tragedy’s translation is studied as a result of more than 38 years of work by the last gymnasium headmaster in Tsarskoye Selo, the man of “Faust’s culture”. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that each translation of a tragedy allows one to grasp into new cultural meanings and influences poetic practices and translator’s representation, as well as understanding of Christianity. The problem of the research is to identify the multifunctional concept of “anthropocentricity” on specifics of Ivanov’s translation in cultural-historical, confessional and linguistic aspects. The translation was published in 2006, but there isn’t any research on it in the academic field yet. The essence of the scientific hypothesis is that the principle of Ivanov’s translation is anthropocentricity. Ivanov avoided dogmatic dependence on the terminological system and believed that the term was losing its metaphorical energy. He gave no nomination for the concept, explaining it in an empirical sense. According to Ivanov, it is real events that are the basis for interpretations and conclusions. Comprehension of one’s own experience is an unconditional characteristic of anthropocentrism. The translator also offered a kind of retrospective exhibition, recalled like-minded people, amateurs and connoisseurs of Goethe. They encoded values that are connected in the mind of the translator with the name of Goethe and his characters. The unity of anthroponyms acquiring cultural meanings forms Ivanov’s anthropocentric code. In this article, an integrative interdisciplinary method is used, which has an epistemological capacity. The author of the article came to the following conclusions. Ivanov did not raise the issue of expedience of establishing several translations for one poetical work. A good translation is possible only in the context of a great literary tradition, the predecessors’ experience. Poetic “inner men” complement each other by the rules of palimpsest. The fold participates in the poetic events, such as: the image’s creation, the selection of intonations, that determined the uniqueness and autobiographical subtext of the translation. The translation of the Ivanov’s tragedy is perceived as a manifestation of educational intentions. Ivanov assumed that there is a natural pedagogy of the classical example in Goethe’s work and included this in his project of public education. The translation carries obvious time features: the prewar and revolutionary eras. External chaotic life events were contrasted with internal regeneration of the previous cultural discipline. Ivanov was looking for analogues of the work, such as style, themes in Russian literature.","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-191-199
Bazarov Andrey A., Tushinov Bair L.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of Buddhism in Northwest China in the 14th century. This process was described in the treatise of the Mongol scholar Chahar Geshe [Tib. cha har dge bshes blo bzang tshul khrims, 1740–1810] “The source of goodness and happiness: the biography of the Great Omniscient Rje Tsong kha pa, presented in an easy-to-understand manner.” [Tib. rje thams cad mkhyen pa’i tsong kha pa chen po’i rnam thar go sla bar brjod pa bde legs kun gyi ‘byung gnas]. This work is an example of Buddhist historical thought, which was developed in the traditional culture of the Tibetans and Mongols in the 18th-19th centuries. The authors of the article claim that the “The biography of the Great Omniscient Rje Tsong kha pa” has a specificity of presentation, determined by the author’s personality, historical and cultural circumstances. This specificity is related to the post-classical period of the history of Tibetan scholasticism, within which the work was written. Chahar Geshe tried to understand the results of the most important stages of the Buddhist history in the vast region based on the works of previous generations. The treatise can be described as a scholastic work and Chahar Geshe as an outstanding scholar and theorist of his time. The fragment of the relationship of the great reformer of Tibetan Buddhism with his teacher Dondub Rinchen from the work is fundamental historical evidence of the most important religious and cultural processes that took place in the vast territories of Northwestern China during the 14th century. Keywords: Buddhism, Tibet, Northwest China, 14th century, biography of Je Tsongkhapa, Dondub Rinchen
这篇文章旨在分析14世纪中国西北地区佛教的发展。蒙古学者查哈尔格西(chhar Geshe)的论文中描述了这一过程。《善与乐之源:伟大的全知禅宗噶巴传》，以浅显易懂的方式呈现。“(Tib。Rje thams ' mhyen pa ' tsong kha pa Chen po ' i rnam ' go sla bar ' bjod ' bleg kun gyi ' byung gnas]。这部作品是佛教历史思想的典范，它在18 -19世纪的藏族和蒙古族传统文化中得到了发展。这篇文章的作者声称，《全知仁杰·宗喀巴传》的叙述具有特殊性，这是由作者的个性、历史和文化环境所决定的。这种特殊性与西藏经院哲学的后古典时期有关，而这部作品正是在这个时期完成的。查哈尔格西试图以前人的著作为基础，了解广大地区佛教历史上最重要阶段的结果。这篇论文可以说是一部学术著作，是当时杰出的学者和理论家。作品中关于这位伟大的藏传佛教改革家和他的老师顿杜仁钦之间关系的片段，是14世纪中国西北广大地区发生的最重要的宗教和文化进程的基本历史证据。关键词:佛教，西藏，西北，14世纪，宗喀巴传，顿杜仁钦
{"title":"“The Great Biography of Je Tsongkhapa” by Chahar Geshe: The Development of Buddhism in Northwest China in the 14th Century","authors":"Bazarov Andrey A., Tushinov Bair L.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-191-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-191-199","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of Buddhism in Northwest China in the 14th century. This process was described in the treatise of the Mongol scholar Chahar Geshe [Tib. cha har dge bshes blo bzang tshul khrims, 1740–1810] “The source of goodness and happiness: the biography of the Great Omniscient Rje Tsong kha pa, presented in an easy-to-understand manner.” [Tib. rje thams cad mkhyen pa’i tsong kha pa chen po’i rnam thar go sla bar brjod pa bde legs kun gyi ‘byung gnas]. This work is an example of Buddhist historical thought, which was developed in the traditional culture of the Tibetans and Mongols in the 18th-19th centuries. The authors of the article claim that the “The biography of the Great Omniscient Rje Tsong kha pa” has a specificity of presentation, determined by the author’s personality, historical and cultural circumstances. This specificity is related to the post-classical period of the history of Tibetan scholasticism, within which the work was written. Chahar Geshe tried to understand the results of the most important stages of the Buddhist history in the vast region based on the works of previous generations. The treatise can be described as a scholastic work and Chahar Geshe as an outstanding scholar and theorist of his time. The fragment of the relationship of the great reformer of Tibetan Buddhism with his teacher Dondub Rinchen from the work is fundamental historical evidence of the most important religious and cultural processes that took place in the vast territories of Northwestern China during the 14th century. Keywords: Buddhism, Tibet, Northwest China, 14th century, biography of Je Tsongkhapa, Dondub Rinchen","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-184-190
Ayusheeva Marina V.
Buddhism occupies an important place in the history of culture of the Mongolian peoples, in particular from the 16th century, which corresponds to the third stage of the spread of the Buddhist religion among the Mongols. Although Buddhist teachings have wide influence on everyday life, the philosophy of Buddhism was understandable to a very small circle of adherents. For the majority of the population, ethical and didactic literature and the authority of teachers were much more important. In this regard, the image of the clergy was to be the standard of Buddhist behavior. There are amounts of non-canonical literature on the rules and instructions for righteous behavior, addressed to both laity and clergy. The article analyzes the ideal image of a monk, according to the requirements of Chakhar-gebshi Lubsantsultim on the basis of two works: “Biography of Chakhar-gebshi”, compiled by his disciple Luvsansamduvnima in 1818, and the work of Chakhar-gebshi entitled as a “Blue Book, History of Erdeni Dushi Monastery”. The biographical method used for characterizing Chakhar-gebshi allowed to show his life and him as a strict monk as a model to be followed. The methods of source study and comparative analysis were used for constructing and estimating of a model of religious behavior. The materials from “The Blue Book” ‒ a work of a monastic charter ‒ are general for monastic education and monastic environment in Mongolian Buddhism. The importance of keeping the teachings and religion of Buddha in purity and maintaining the moral image of his followers as an authority for the laity has been emphasized many times in the works of various authors. In this regard, the definitions of a pious monk written down by Chakhar-gebshi represent a complete system that combines basic Buddhist precepts. Keywords: Chakhar-gebshi, moral prescription, biography, Mongolian Buddhism, monks, charter
{"title":"Chakhar-Gebshi ‘s Concept of a Pious Monk","authors":"Ayusheeva Marina V.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-184-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-184-190","url":null,"abstract":"Buddhism occupies an important place in the history of culture of the Mongolian peoples, in particular from the 16th century, which corresponds to the third stage of the spread of the Buddhist religion among the Mongols. Although Buddhist teachings have wide influence on everyday life, the philosophy of Buddhism was understandable to a very small circle of adherents. For the majority of the population, ethical and didactic literature and the authority of teachers were much more important. In this regard, the image of the clergy was to be the standard of Buddhist behavior. There are amounts of non-canonical literature on the rules and instructions for righteous behavior, addressed to both laity and clergy. The article analyzes the ideal image of a monk, according to the requirements of Chakhar-gebshi Lubsantsultim on the basis of two works: “Biography of Chakhar-gebshi”, compiled by his disciple Luvsansamduvnima in 1818, and the work of Chakhar-gebshi entitled as a “Blue Book, History of Erdeni Dushi Monastery”. The biographical method used for characterizing Chakhar-gebshi allowed to show his life and him as a strict monk as a model to be followed. The methods of source study and comparative analysis were used for constructing and estimating of a model of religious behavior. The materials from “The Blue Book” ‒ a work of a monastic charter ‒ are general for monastic education and monastic environment in Mongolian Buddhism. The importance of keeping the teachings and religion of Buddha in purity and maintaining the moral image of his followers as an authority for the laity has been emphasized many times in the works of various authors. In this regard, the definitions of a pious monk written down by Chakhar-gebshi represent a complete system that combines basic Buddhist precepts. Keywords: Chakhar-gebshi, moral prescription, biography, Mongolian Buddhism, monks, charter","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46824514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-79-89
Blinov Alexey V.
Turning to the history of the everyday life of an individual or society allows us to preserve historical memory, to identify the mechanisms that ensure the historical continuity and integrity of society at the present stage. An important role in the organization of the management of the regional educational space belonged to civil servant (the trustee, district inspectors, administrative corps of educational institutions), allocated from among the employees of the Ministry of the National Education. Based on historiographical and historical sources, using the methodological provisions of the theory of everyday life, the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency, the article shows the role of the profession in the structure of the daily life of civil servant of the West Siberian Educational District. It is established that the professional activity was influenced by the scope of official duties established by departmental regulatory documentation, spatial and territorial features of the entrusted management sector, the socio-political situation that corrects professional duties, the established way of life and provides the opportunity to choose within the entrusted professional space. The social status and income level of a civil servant depended on the scope of control and its significance for the activities of the entire system. It was a compensation for the time and effort spent. The proposed approach to the analysis of the role of the professional factor in the daily life of civil servant of the West Siberian Educational District can be applied to other socio-professional groups in different territorial and temporal spaces. Keywords: West Siberian Educational District, Ministry of the National education, educational institution, everyday life, civil servant, charter, professional activity
{"title":"Professional Factor in the Everyday Life of Civil Servant of the West-Siberian Educational District (1885–1917)","authors":"Blinov Alexey V.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-79-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-79-89","url":null,"abstract":"Turning to the history of the everyday life of an individual or society allows us to preserve historical memory, to identify the mechanisms that ensure the historical continuity and integrity of society at the present stage. An important role in the organization of the management of the regional educational space belonged to civil servant (the trustee, district inspectors, administrative corps of educational institutions), allocated from among the employees of the Ministry of the National Education. Based on historiographical and historical sources, using the methodological provisions of the theory of everyday life, the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency, the article shows the role of the profession in the structure of the daily life of civil servant of the West Siberian Educational District. It is established that the professional activity was influenced by the scope of official duties established by departmental regulatory documentation, spatial and territorial features of the entrusted management sector, the socio-political situation that corrects professional duties, the established way of life and provides the opportunity to choose within the entrusted professional space. The social status and income level of a civil servant depended on the scope of control and its significance for the activities of the entire system. It was a compensation for the time and effort spent. The proposed approach to the analysis of the role of the professional factor in the daily life of civil servant of the West Siberian Educational District can be applied to other socio-professional groups in different territorial and temporal spaces. Keywords: West Siberian Educational District, Ministry of the National education, educational institution, everyday life, civil servant, charter, professional activity","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47133773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-71-78
Bershadskaia Svetlana V.
By examining the personal journal of Marfa Solov’eva, one of the staff of Krasnoyarsk Local History Museum (Yenissei Province), the article aims to analyze some changes of everyday life at the beginning of the 1920s. Aged 33, Ms. Solov’eva found herself among the members of the Yenissei Province delegation sent to participate in the First All-Union Agriculture and Orchard Industry Exhibition in Moscow in 1923. She wrote down her personal experiences of travelling from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow. Given that anthropological shift has taken the lead in historical research, the materials of personal origin (like personal journals) provide an additional avenue to get firsthand information on how contemporaries interpreted the turning points in history. By focusing on the findings from the personal journal introduced for the first time the article investigates the transformations in early Soviet society at the grassroots level and from the point of view of a young representative of Siberian intelligentsia. The article demonstrates how day-to-day and leisure practices of those who took part in the trip were organized. Additionally, it considers the emotional sphere, which is missed to a greater extent by official sources. A mixture of interdisciplinary, systematic and sociocultural approaches and descriptive methods for interpreting sources has been adopted. Keywords: personal journal, everyday life, the intelligentsia, Siberia, the Yenissei province, the onset of NEP, the First All-Union Agriculture and Orchard Industry Exhibition in Moscow in 1923
{"title":"Journey from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow in 1923","authors":"Bershadskaia Svetlana V.","doi":"10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-71-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-71-78","url":null,"abstract":"By examining the personal journal of Marfa Solov’eva, one of the staff of Krasnoyarsk Local History Museum (Yenissei Province), the article aims to analyze some changes of everyday life at the beginning of the 1920s. Aged 33, Ms. Solov’eva found herself among the members of the Yenissei Province delegation sent to participate in the First All-Union Agriculture and Orchard Industry Exhibition in Moscow in 1923. She wrote down her personal experiences of travelling from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow. Given that anthropological shift has taken the lead in historical research, the materials of personal origin (like personal journals) provide an additional avenue to get firsthand information on how contemporaries interpreted the turning points in history. By focusing on the findings from the personal journal introduced for the first time the article investigates the transformations in early Soviet society at the grassroots level and from the point of view of a young representative of Siberian intelligentsia. The article demonstrates how day-to-day and leisure practices of those who took part in the trip were organized. Additionally, it considers the emotional sphere, which is missed to a greater extent by official sources. A mixture of interdisciplinary, systematic and sociocultural approaches and descriptive methods for interpreting sources has been adopted. Keywords: personal journal, everyday life, the intelligentsia, Siberia, the Yenissei province, the onset of NEP, the First All-Union Agriculture and Orchard Industry Exhibition in Moscow in 1923","PeriodicalId":33580,"journal":{"name":"Gumanitarnyi vektor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48472130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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