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Zoya Veniaminovna Moshkina – Leading Scientist on the History of Political Hard Labor and Exile in Transbaikalia Zoya Veniaminovna Moshkina——Transbaikalia政治苦役和流亡历史的首席科学家
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-3-145-154
Volochaeva Anna V.
The work is dedicated to the memory of Zoya Veniaminovna Moshkina, Doctor of Historical Sciences, a remarkable person, a teacher, a deep and demanding researcher of the history of political hard labor in Transbaikalia. For a long period of her activity in the field of science (about 30 years), about 100 scientific papers have been written, including a monograph, articles in journals reviewed by the Higher Attestation Commission, works on the results of participation in various All-Russian and regional conferences. Most of Zoya V. Moshkina’s scientific works are devoted to the history of political hard labor and exile in Transbaikalia (Nerchinsk penal servitude). Sudden death did not allow the scientist to create an updated systematic work on the history of penal servitude in Transbaikalia, which was planned for the near future. Systematization of the author’s works in various areas of research of the Nerchinsk political penal servitude, analysis of the problems and determination of the novelty of her research allow us to call Z.V. Moshkina a leading historian on the history of political penal servitude and exile in Transbaikalia. Zoya Moshkina’s scientific research was carried out at the junction of history, jurisprudence and psychology, it is not only regional in nature but also have all-Russian significance, since political hard labor in the second half of the XIXth century was mostly concentrated in the Nerchinsk mountain district in Transbaikalia. Zoya Moshkina’s works are a comprehensive study of the Nerchinsk political penal servitude (the organization of the management system of political convicts, the regulatory framework for the maintenance of this category of criminals, living conditions in penal servitude, the gender, age and social composition of political prisoners, the behavior of convicts in conditions of penal servitude, etc.). The works by Z. V. Moshkina reflect personal, historical-psychological, gender and sociological approaches relevant to modern historical science, the application of which in the history of political hard labor has made a significant scientific novelty. The problems of the Trans-Baikal historian’s research, new aspects of studying the problems of the Nerchinsk political penal servitude have become a scientific basis for a new generation of scientists.
这部作品是为了纪念Zoya Veniaminovna Moshkina,她是历史科学博士,一位杰出的人,一位老师,一位深刻而苛刻的外贝加尔湖政治苦工史研究者。在她从事科学工作的很长一段时间里(大约30年),她写了大约100篇科学论文,其中包括一本专著,在高级认证委员会审查的期刊上发表的文章,关于参加各种全俄和地区会议的成果的著作。Zoya V. Moshkina的大部分科学著作都致力于外贝加尔湖(Nerchinsk)政治苦役和流放的历史。突然的死亡使这位科学家无法对外贝加尔地区的刑罚奴役历史进行最新的系统研究,而这项工作原计划在不久的将来完成。作者在研究尼布钦斯克政治劳役的各个领域的作品的系统化,对问题的分析和她研究的新颖性的确定,使我们可以称Z.V. Moshkina为外贝加尔政治劳役和流放史的主要历史学家。Zoya Moshkina的科学研究是在历史学、法学和心理学的交叉点上进行的,它不仅具有地域性,而且具有全俄意义,因为19世纪下半叶的政治艰苦劳动主要集中在外贝加尔的涅尔钦斯克山区。Zoya Moshkina的作品是对Nerchinsk政治劳役(政治犯管理制度的组织,维持这类罪犯的监管框架,劳役中的生活条件,政治犯的性别,年龄和社会构成,囚犯在劳役条件下的行为等)的综合研究。莫什金娜的作品反映了与现代历史科学相关的个人、历史心理学、性别和社会学方法,这些方法在政治苦役史中的应用取得了重大的科学创新。跨贝加尔湖历史学家的研究问题,研究尼布钦斯克政治劳役问题的新方面,已成为新一代科学家的科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
The State of Towns and the Urban Population of Eastern Siberia in the 1850s–1880s: Based on the Materials of Reports of Loyal Governors-General 19世纪50年代至19世纪80年代东西伯利亚的城镇状况和城市人口:基于忠诚总督的报告材料
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-3-109-118
Kiskidosova Tatiana A.
The article considers informative information about the cities and urban population of Eastern Siberia in the post-reform period based on the materials of the most comprehensive reports of the governors-general. The reports reflected the main problems of Eastern Siberian towns: small number of the population, budget deficit, underdevelopment of urban economy, poor medical care, unsatisfactory sanitary condition and a significant lag behind cities of Central Russia. The backwardness of Eastern Siberian towns was explained by the fact that they did not arise as commercial and industrial centers but administrative points necessary for the management of the region. Identifying the main causes of high mortality of the population, the governors-general made proposals for improvement of health care and urban residents’ quality. The inertia and underdevelopment of most of Eastern Siberian towns was explained by the slow development of the vast territory. The restoration of the urban economy was carried out by own forces with the support of charitable societies, patrons and the local administration. Almost all heads of the region showed concern about the negative role of criminal exile on ordinary people’s lives. Special attention in the reports was paid to the problem of accommodation and employment of exiles in towns. These reports became evidence of the loyal governors-general’s concern about the unsatisfactory state of health service and education in the region. The repeated appeals of the governors-general to the highest authorities on improving the health service and education system did not receive support. The most comprehensive reports are a valuable source for studying the history of cities in the era of modernization.
本文以最全面的总督报告材料为基础,考虑了改革后时期东西伯利亚城市和城市人口的信息。这些报告反映了东西伯利亚城镇的主要问题:人口少、预算赤字、城市经济不发达、医疗服务差、卫生条件不理想以及明显落后于俄罗斯中部城市。东西伯利亚城镇的落后可以用这样一个事实来解释:它们不是作为商业和工业中心出现的,而是作为管理该地区所必需的行政点出现的。总督们确定了人口死亡率高的主要原因,提出了改善保健和城市居民素质的建议。东西伯利亚大部分城镇的惰性和欠发达,可以用广袤领土的缓慢发展来解释。城市经济的恢复是在慈善团体、赞助人和地方政府的支持下,由自己的力量进行的。该地区几乎所有领导人都对流放罪犯对普通人生活的负面影响表示关切。报告特别注意了流亡者在城镇的住宿和就业问题。这些报告证明了忠诚的总督对该地区令人不满意的卫生服务和教育状况的关注。总督一再呼吁最高当局改善保健服务和教育系统,但没有得到支持。最全面的报告是研究现代化时代城市历史的宝贵资源。
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引用次数: 0
Chinese Workers at the Gold Mines of Sretensky and Chita Districts in the Second Half of the 1920s: Adaptation to New Socio-Cultural Conditions 20世纪20年代下半叶斯雷滕斯基和赤塔地区金矿的中国工人:对新的社会文化条件的适应
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-3-69-77
Sazonova Vasilina A.
The article is devoted to the problem of the stay of Chinese migrants on the territory of the Sretensky and Chita districts in the late 1920s. Due to the insufficient study of this topic, the paper aims to analyze the living conditions of Chinese workers in gold mines. The methodological basis of the work is the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. Moreover, the author uses historical and legal methods of scientific research. The study revealed that at the end of the 1920s, the Soviet leadership set the task of accelerating the development and modernization of the economy. Particular attention was paid to gold mining, as the most important branch of the mining industry in the Far Eastern region, requiring immediate restoration. To implement the tasks set by the state, labor was required. In connection with the emergence of objective difficulties in finding workers from the internal reserves of the country, the state authorities decided to attract Chinese migrants as a cheap labor force. Many sectors of the national economy experienced a shortage of workers, including the gold mining enterprises of Sretensky and Chita districts. In turn, due to the unfavorable economic conditions that developed in China at the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese citizens were forced to look for a source of income in a neighboring country. On the basis of published materials and documents obtained from the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the author comprehensively covers the life and work of Chinese workers on Soviet territory, as well as the difficulties they faced at the enterprises of the Territory. Due to the fact, that Chinese labor played an important role in mining enterprises, the author paid special attention to the study of working and living conditions of Chinese workers in the gold mines of Sretensky and Chita districts of the Far Eastern Territory. As a result, it was revealed that the main problems of Chinese workers were low wages, difficult working conditions, lack of adequate medical care, ethnic conflicts, inaction on the part of economic authorities, etc. The author pays special attention to the description of the unsatisfactory living conditions in which Chinese migrants had to work in gold mines. Despite the fact that these problems were not ignored by the mining management and government bodies, the measures taken were often untimely and insufficient, which forced Chinese migrants to seek employment of their labor in other enterprises of the region.
这篇文章专门讨论了20世纪20年代末中国移民在斯列滕斯基和奇塔地区的居留问题。由于对这一课题的研究不足,本文旨在分析中国金矿工人的生活状况。本书的方法论基础是历史决定论原则、一致性原则和客观性原则。此外,作者还运用了历史和法律的科学研究方法。研究表明,在20世纪20年代末,苏联领导层提出了加快经济发展和现代化的任务。特别注意金矿开采,因为它是远东地区采矿工业中最重要的部门,需要立即恢复。为了完成国家规定的任务,劳动力是必不可少的。考虑到在从国家内部储备中寻找工人方面出现的客观困难,国家当局决定吸引中国移民作为廉价劳动力。国民经济的许多部门都经历了工人短缺,包括斯列滕斯基和奇塔地区的金矿企业。反过来,由于20世纪初中国发展的不利经济条件,中国公民被迫到邻国寻找收入来源。作者根据从外贝加尔湖地区国家档案馆获得的出版材料和文件,全面介绍了苏联领土上中国工人的生活和工作,以及他们在该领土企业中面临的困难。由于华工在矿业企业中扮演着重要的角色,笔者特别关注了远东地区斯列坚斯基和奇塔地区金矿华工的工作和生活条件的研究。结果显示,中国工人的主要问题是工资低、工作条件艰苦、缺乏适当的医疗保健、种族冲突、经济当局不作为等。作者特别注意描写了中国移民在金矿工作时令人不满意的生活条件。尽管矿业管理部门和政府机构没有忽视这些问题,但所采取的措施往往不及时、不充分,这迫使中国移民在该地区的其他企业寻找就业机会。
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引用次数: 0
Jewish Education State Policy in the First Half of the XIXth Century 19世纪上半叶的犹太教育国家政策
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-3-27-36
Mamkina Inna N.
This article focuses on the problem of reforming national education in the Russian Empire in the first half of the XIXth century. The author draws attention to the significance of the value attitudes of the state education system in a multi-confessional and multi-ethnic state. The study aims to analyze the Jewish education state policy. The work is written on the basis of the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, allowing to trace the development of Jewish education in relation to other historical phenomena. The author used problem-chronological, formal-legal, comparative, and other methods. The source base is represented by the office documentation of the Committee for Determining measures for the Radical Transformation of Jews of the 733 fund of the Russian State Historical Archive, legislative acts regulating the legal status of Jews. The author notes that for a long time the Jewish community in Russia has maintained a traditional education system based on the study of the principles of Judaism. The Regulation adopted in 1804 secured the right of Jews to secular education while preserving elements of the traditional school. It is noted that all subsequent actions of the government regarding secular education did not find support from Jews. In 1840, by decree of Nicholas I, a Committee was formed to determine measures for the radical transformation of Jews. Representatives of the Jewish community, scientists, and rabbis were involved in the work of the Committee. The result of the activity was the establishment of stateowned Jewish schools, the development of curricula with the preservation of elements of traditional Jewish education. As a conclusion, the author notes that the results of the reform were ambiguous. The attempt to destroy the traditional Jewish school provoked opposition from Jews. At the same time, the reform laid the foundation for the development of secular education, contributed to the formation of teaching staff.
本文主要研究十九世纪上半叶俄罗斯帝国的民族教育改革问题。在一个多教派、多民族的国家,国家教育制度的价值态度具有重要的意义。本研究旨在分析犹太教育国家政策。这本书是在科学客观性和历史主义原则的基础上写成的,可以追溯到犹太教育与其他历史现象的发展。作者使用了问题编年法、形式法、比较法和其他方法。资料来源以俄罗斯国家历史档案馆733基金确定犹太人彻底转变措施委员会的办公室文件为代表,这些文件是关于犹太人法律地位的立法法案。作者指出,长期以来,俄罗斯的犹太社区一直保持着一种以研究犹太教原则为基础的传统教育体系。1804年通过的条例确保了犹太人接受世俗教育的权利,同时保留了传统学校的元素。值得注意的是,政府在世俗教育方面的所有后续行动都没有得到犹太人的支持。1840年,根据尼古拉斯一世的法令,成立了一个委员会来决定对犹太人进行彻底改造的措施。犹太社区、科学家和拉比的代表参与了委员会的工作。活动的结果是建立了国有犹太学校,课程的发展保留了传统犹太教育的元素。作为结论,作者指出,改革的结果是模糊的。摧毁传统犹太学校的企图激起了犹太人的反对。同时,改革为世俗教育的发展奠定了基础,促进了师资队伍的形成。
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引用次数: 0
“Ethnicity” of the Scythians: Problems in the Aspects of Ontology and Gnoseology 斯基泰人的“民族性”:本体论和Gnoseology方面的问题
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-3-89-99
Dobrovolskiy Lubomir S., Kazhenova Gulnar T., Umitkaliev Ulan U.
The work is devoted to the problem of the archaeological definition of the ethnos in connection with the range of questions of the genesis of the Scythians and their anthropological composition in connection with the eastern migration impulses. The objective is to study the development of this set of problems, as well as to consider the possibilities of further research in the aspect of competing hypotheses by systematizing and interpreting the data of history, archeology and physical anthropology. The reason for the unresolved issue of the origin of the Scythians is the lack of a generally accepted content of the concepts of “Scythian” and “Scythian culture”, as well as “Scythian archaeological culture”, due to the blurring of the boundaries of the areas of distribution of monuments of the “Scythian type culture”. The reason for the diversity of opinions about the physical appearance of the Scythians is the lack of a sufficient amount of anthropological material and the difference in interpretations of morphological relationships and lines of development. We consider the study of the genesis of the Scythians and the development of the Scythian culture from the perspective of migrations within the framework of the Srubna-Andronovo cultural and historical community to be a promising direction. It is necessary to define both multi-vector pulsating migrations and the “Scythian area” as a vast material and cultural (“ethnic, cultural and historical”) landscape and the environment within which they occurred. It is extremely important to single out compact typological variants and their cultural and chronological boundaries within the framework of the cultural community of the Scythians in the south of Eastern Europe, Sauromatians and Saks. In terms of establishing the Scythian area and identifying ethnic and cultural components, it is necessary to carefully localize the settled zones on its borders, study trans-boundary zones, the localization of which is confined to isolated physical and geographical structures and zones of integration of material production, and identify the patterns and specifics of the course of ethnic and cultural processes within and on the borders of large trans-zonal territories.
这项工作致力于解决与斯基泰人的起源及其与东部移民冲动有关的人类学组成的一系列问题有关的民族考古定义问题。目的是研究这一系列问题的发展,并通过系统化和解释历史、考古学和体质人类学的数据,考虑在相互竞争的假设方面进行进一步研究的可能性。斯基泰人起源问题尚未解决的原因是,由于“斯基泰式文化”纪念碑分布区域的边界模糊,“斯基泰人”和“斯基台文化”以及“斯基台人考古文化”的概念缺乏普遍接受的内容。关于斯基泰人外貌的观点之所以多样,是因为缺乏足够数量的人类学材料,以及对形态关系和发展路线的解释存在差异。我们认为,在Srubna Andronovo文化和历史共同体的框架内,从迁徙的角度研究斯基泰人的起源和斯基泰文化的发展是一个很有前途的方向。有必要将多媒介脉动迁徙和“斯基泰人地区”定义为一个巨大的物质和文化(“种族、文化和历史”)景观以及迁徙发生的环境。在东欧南部的斯基泰人、索罗曼人和萨克斯人的文化共同体框架内,找出紧凑的类型学变体及其文化和时间界限是极其重要的。在建立斯基泰人地区和确定民族和文化组成部分方面,有必要仔细定位其边界上的定居区,研究跨界区,其本地化仅限于孤立的物理和地理结构以及物质生产一体化区,并确定大型跨地区领土内部和边界上的种族和文化进程的模式和具体情况。
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引用次数: 0
Siberian Animal Style as a Conceptual Basis for the Conversion of Traditional Artistic Heritage into Cultural Industries 西伯利亚动物风格是将传统艺术遗产转化为文化产业的概念基础
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-2-94-102
M. Gomboeva
The process of acquiring the author’s style, its semantic distinctive features, and the creation of the author’s identity is a fundamental problem for artists. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the artist’s native culture code influence on the creative concept and artistic language. Artistic inversion is important ‒ the inverse representation of the cultural code in the artist’s work. We consider artistic, pictorial inversion as a form of the artistic conceptualization. It contributes to the successful understanding of the connotations and intentions of the artist’s work by his audience. An analysis of Namdakov’s work allowed us to conceptualize the representation problem of the cultural code in Far East peoples’ contemporary art and describe artistic strategies that represent the influence of such semantic aspects of the cultural code as the influence of the artistic worldview, the strategies elevation of original interpretation and transformation of the animal style, the influence of the academic background. We define the artistic paradigm of the style as a style-forming factor in contemporary creative industries of artists who emerged from traditional crafts communities. The phenomenon of ethnic artistic tradition has been widely studied in the art history literature (T. M. Stepanskaya, A. V. Edokova, L. I. Nekhlyadovich). We believe, however, that attention should be focused on the content of “cultural code of artistic paradigm”, because ethnic artists consciously transform national artistic images and techniques through integration of their heritage into contemporary artistic language, culture and art background. This is particularly relevant for artists who institutionalize their style into a recognizable contemporary art language strategy. The main research question addressed in this paper is the representation peculiarities of the Namdakov’s artistic strategy semantic forms. He creates innovative ways of shaping, applies illogical, provocative and asymmetrical compositional solutions, creates fresh artistic metaphors, overcomes visual and figurative traditions and transforms ethnic artistic traditions into the leading artistic world-class trends of contemporary art. It has been proved that the animalistic style acquired a new modern dimension with the development of the creative industry in the regions of South-East Asia: the north of modern China and the art workshops of D. Namdakov and Zhigzhit Bayaskhalanov in the Russian Federation. It was the original interpretation of the animalistic style that became a powerful source for the development of traditional folk craft culture and brought the Far East peoples’ modern art to a new level of development, contributed to the evolution of the artist’s creative potential and gave many artists hope for creative expression.
作者风格的获取过程、语义特征的获取过程、作者身份的创造过程,是艺术家面临的一个根本性问题。本文着重分析了艺术家的本土文化编码对其创作理念和艺术语言的影响。艺术的反转是很重要的——在艺术家的作品中文化密码的反向呈现。我们认为艺术的、形象的倒置是艺术概念化的一种形式。它有助于观众成功地理解艺术家作品的内涵和意图。通过对纳姆达科夫作品的分析,我们可以对远东民族当代艺术中文化符码的表征问题进行概念化,并描述表征文化符码语义方面影响的艺术策略,如艺术世界观的影响、原始诠释的提升与动物风格的转化策略、学术背景的影响等。我们将风格的艺术范式定义为来自传统工艺社区的艺术家在当代创意产业中的风格形成因素。民族艺术传统现象在艺术史文献中得到了广泛的研究(T. M. Stepanskaya, A. V. Edokova, L. I. Nekhlyadovich)。然而,我们认为,应该关注“艺术范式的文化代码”的内容,因为少数民族艺术家通过将自己的遗产融入当代艺术语言、文化和艺术背景,自觉地改造民族艺术形象和手法。这对于那些将自己的风格制度化,成为一种可识别的当代艺术语言策略的艺术家来说尤其重要。本文主要研究的问题是纳姆达可夫艺术策略语义形式的表征特点。他创造创新的造型方式,运用不合逻辑、挑衅性和不对称的构图解决方案,创造新鲜的艺术隐喻,克服视觉和形象传统,将民族艺术传统转化为当代艺术的领先艺术世界级趋势。事实证明,随着东南亚地区创意产业的发展,动物主义风格获得了新的现代维度:现代中国北部和D. Namdakov和Zhigzhit Bayaskhalanov在俄罗斯联邦的艺术工作室。正是对动物风格的原创性诠释,成为传统民间工艺文化发展的强大源泉,使远东民族的现代艺术发展到一个新的高度,促进了艺术家创作潜力的演变,给了许多艺术家创作表达的希望。
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引用次数: 0
Mentality in the Context of Interaction Between Social and Virtual Reality 社交与虚拟现实互动语境中的心理
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-2-82-93
Y. Gavrilova
A feature of the modern world is the integration of social and virtual realities: the area of their correlation is being formed, in which the processes of human life activity take place. Biovirtual and sociovirtual specifics are acquired by a person and his activities, which determine new security threats that require their immediate removal. Traditional mental programs for successful adaptation to new conditions of life turned out to be unsuitable, not meeting the requirements of the time. This actualizes the study of changes in mentality, which forms stable behavior patterns that allow a person to respond in a timely manner to the challenges of the environment. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the specifics of mentality changes under the influence of effects that arise in the field of correlation between social and virtual realities. We assume that the formation of a new type of mentality, capable of giving a worthy response to the challenges of our time, occurs under the influence of a system of effects that arise in the field of correlation between social and virtual realities. The study is based on the synthesis of philosophical concepts: the socio-cultural concept of mentality, the relationship between the natural and the social in society and man, artificial sociality and the BANI-world. The novelty of the study lies in: 1) identifying and analyzing the effects of the correlation of social and virtual realities as the driving forces of the dynamics of mentality (the effect of reality upgrade, hybridization of natural and artificial intelligence); 2) in revealing the essence of these effects and the mechanisms of their functioning; 3) in revealing new features of mentality (neosyncresis, blurring of meanings, imaginary transparency). As a result of the study, the processes of interaction between social and virtual realities are analyzed, which determine the features of the area of their correlation; the effects are revealed, the action of which is determined by the specifics of the structure and content of the area of correlation between social and virtual realities; the features of human mentality formed under the influence of the effects of the correlation of social and virtual realities are determined and characterized. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the results in order to develop effective strategies for the activity of a person included in the area of correlation between the social and virtual worlds.
现代世界的一个特点是社会现实和虚拟现实的融合:它们之间的关联区域正在形成,人类生活活动的过程就发生在这个区域。生物虚拟和社会虚拟的细节是由一个人及其活动获得的,这决定了需要立即消除的新的安全威胁。成功适应新生活条件的传统心理程序被证明是不合适的,不符合时代的要求。这实现了对心态变化的研究,形成了稳定的行为模式,使一个人能够及时应对环境的挑战。在这方面,本研究的目的是识别和分析在社会现实和虚拟现实之间的相关性领域中出现的影响下心态变化的具体情况。我们认为,一种新型心态的形成,能够对我们这个时代的挑战做出有价值的回应,是在社会现实和虚拟现实之间的关联领域产生的一系列影响的影响下发生的。该研究基于哲学概念的综合:心理的社会文化概念、社会与人的自然与社会关系、人工社会性和BANI世界。该研究的新颖性在于:1)识别和分析社会现实和虚拟现实的相关性作为心态动态的驱动力的影响(现实升级的影响,自然智能和人工智能的混合);2) 揭示这些影响的本质及其作用机制;3) 在揭示心理的新特征(新同化、意义模糊、想象透明)方面。作为研究的结果,分析了社会现实与虚拟现实之间的互动过程,从而确定了它们相互关联领域的特征;揭示了影响,其作用取决于社会现实和虚拟现实之间相关领域的结构和内容的细节;在社会现实与虚拟现实相互作用的影响下形成的人的心理特征是确定和表征的。这项研究的实际意义取决于是否有可能利用这些结果为社交世界和虚拟世界之间的相关领域中的人的活动制定有效的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Linguocultural Adaptation of Migrants in the Context of Educational Migration to Russia 俄罗斯教育移民背景下移民的语言文化适应
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-2-131-142
Elnara Dumnova, V. Mukha
International educational migration is an integral element of the modern world, which actualizes the problem of adaptation of educational migrants. Linguocultural adaptation is especially interesting, because it determines the strategy of adaptation and the result of the further integration of the migrant in the new society. The purpose of the article is to study the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the subjects of international academic migration in the context of the new space of everyday life. The empirical basis of the research was the results of an interregional study within the framework of a qualitative approach using the methods of in-depth and semi-structured interviews, conducted in March-April 2021. 20 informants were interviewed. The case study method became the tactic of the qualitative approach, the Krasnodar Territory and the Novosibirsk Region acted as local cases. In the Krasnodar Territory, people from Arab-Muslim countries were interviewed, students from China were interviewed in the Novosibirsk Region. The analysis of the interviews allowed us to identify the factors that determine the success of linguocultural adaptation of educational migrants, as well as the main difficulties in the process of formation of language competence and, consequently, linguocultural adaptation of both students from Arab-Muslim countries and Chinese students. The research showed that attention to the ethno-national characteristics of foreign students, to their system of motivation in organizing the learning process, inclusion in the culture of the host community, contribute to faster and more successful linguocultural adaptation. It was concluded that new types of identity are determined in the process of linguocultural adaptation by the degree of empathy of the migrants’ native culture. The research results can be used in the formation of adaptation programs for educational migrants in Russian universities.
国际教育移民是现代世界不可分割的组成部分,它实现了教育移民的适应问题。语言文化适应是特别有趣的,因为它决定了适应的策略和移民进一步融入新社会的结果。本文的目的是研究国际学术移民主体在日常生活新空间背景下的语言和文化适应。该研究的实证基础是2021年3月至4月在定性方法框架内使用深度和半结构化访谈方法进行的区域间研究的结果。采访了20名举报人。案例研究方法成为定性方法的策略,克拉斯诺达尔地区和新西伯利亚地区作为当地案例。在克拉斯诺达尔地区,来自阿拉伯-穆斯林国家的人接受了采访,来自中国的学生在新西伯利亚地区接受了采访。通过对访谈的分析,我们确定了决定教育移民语言适应成功的因素,以及阿拉伯-穆斯林国家学生和中国学生在语言能力形成过程中的主要困难,从而确定了语言适应的过程。研究表明,关注外国学生的民族特征,关注他们组织学习过程的动机系统,融入东道国社区的文化,有助于更快、更成功地适应语言文化。在语言适应过程中,新的身份类型是由移民对本国文化的移情程度决定的。研究结果可为俄罗斯高校教育移民适应方案的制定提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Dichotomies and Labyrinth in the Novel the Sacred Book of the Werewolf by V. Pelevin 佩列文小说《狼人圣书》中的空间二分法与迷宫
Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-1-65-74
Ekaterina V. Sherchalova
The article presents the study of postmodern artistic work’s space organization. The aim of the study is to reveal specifics of the space of a postmodern work as a category of the artistic world of a literary work. The paper considers the hypothesis about the assertion of a causal “character” – “space” relationship. The material for the analysis was the novel The Sacred Book of the Werewolf by V. Pelevin. The methods of structural analysis, as well as comparative and historical-cultural methods were used to study the work. During the study the spatial dichotomies were identified (“feminine” – “masculine”, “dark” – “light”, “top” – “bottom”), which are formed according to activity of a particular character, which determines the novelty of the study. The novel is divided into feminine and masculine spaces, each of which possesses, albeit with certain limitations, stable features: feminine space is characterized by semi-darkness, narrowness, downward orientation, while male space is characterized by the boundlessness or illusory nature of boundaries, light and brightness, the location is at the top. The feminine space is physically limited, but expands into reasoning, memories and metaphors. Open space appears most often where a male character dominates. In addition, the article provides examples proving that the concretization of the image of a location is associated with the psychological and mental state of a character. The work also explores the image of a labyrinth in the space of a work of art. The study will help both in the further study of the space realized in the V. Pelevin’s work, which will allow us to systematize and identify the pattern characteristic of his prose, and in analysis of the space of a postmodernist work.
本文对后现代艺术作品的空间组织进行了研究。研究的目的是揭示后现代作品作为文学作品艺术世界范畴的空间特征。本文考虑了因果“特征”-“空间”关系的假设。分析的材料是V. Pelevin的小说《狼人的圣书》。本文采用结构分析法、比较法和历史文化法对作品进行研究。在研究过程中,确定了空间二分法(“女性”-“男性”,“黑暗”-“光明”,“顶部”-“底部”),这些二分法是根据特定角色的活动形成的,这决定了研究的新颖性。小说分为女性空间和男性空间,每个空间虽然有一定的局限性,但都具有稳定的特征:女性空间的特点是半黑暗、狭窄、向下朝向,而男性空间的特点是边界、光线和亮度的无界性或虚幻性,位置在顶部。女性空间在物理上是有限的,但扩展到推理、记忆和隐喻。开放空间通常出现在男性角色占主导地位的地方。此外,文章还举例说明了地点形象的具体化与人物的心理和精神状态是有联系的。作品还探讨了艺术作品空间中迷宫的形象。这一研究既有助于我们进一步研究佩列文作品中所实现的空间,从而系统化和识别其散文的模式特征,也有助于我们分析一部后现代主义作品的空间。
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引用次数: 0
Axiology of Transbaikal Territory Media Image 外贝加尔地区媒体形象的价值论
Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-1-95-105
I. Erofeeva, Natalya V. Prostakishina
Region’s media image modelling is a very topical problem of the information age from the view of productive functioning of territories, their socio-economic and political status. The article presents the role of values in the media image structure, analyzes axiological components of the Transbaikal Territory media image, and shows its cultural and content characteristics. Research findings are based on some data from a sociological survey carried out in 2021, where 911 residents of the region of different ages (20 to 68) took part, as well as the results of a survey of 48 regional journalists from different communication channels. The attention is paid to the conceptual component of the Region Media Image, as well as to the special role of the actor of multimedia content.Typological and cognitive analyses allowed us to identify the empirical material and present it as a system of cultural and historical dominant ideas. Major characteristics of media image axiology are based on linguocultural approach, emphasizing the values of traditional culture. Media image axiology presents a triple-stage system with its regional specific features, distinct content including spiritual and moral, cultural and historical, and natural values. Spiritual and moral priorities reflect region’s mental view of the world and focus on the values of labour, kindness, grace, sincerity and patriotism, preservation of family values, faith in justice. Cultural and historical context is enriched by the folk heroes of the past and present, traditions, beliefs and customs. Coronavirus pandemic made actors of information flows focus on natural resources of Transbaikalia. During the study, we revealed a correlation between the axiological instrumentation of designing the media image of the region and the level of influence of the media discourse on the consumer, between the spiritual and moral picture of the author’s view of the world and the demand for media products by the audience. We justify the need to adjust the work of regional journalists with a texture inherent in modelling the media image of the region.The authors make a conclusion that, on the one hand, a productive media image is designed using values and ideals characteristic of the territory, on the other hand, the cultural and historical space of the region is a tool for necessary identification with a place of residence, a link between generations and residents of the region.
从领土的生产运作、社会经济和政治地位来看,该地区的媒体形象建模是信息时代的一个非常热门的问题。本文阐述了价值观在媒体形象结构中的作用,分析了外贝加尔地区媒体形象的价值论组成部分,展示了其文化特征和内容特征。研究结果基于2021年进行的一项社会学调查的一些数据,该地区911名不同年龄(20至68岁)的居民参加了调查,以及对来自不同沟通渠道的48名地区记者的调查结果。关注区域媒体形象的概念构成,以及多媒体内容参与者的特殊作用。类型学和认知分析使我们能够识别经验材料,并将其呈现为文化和历史主导思想的系统。媒介形象价值论的主要特征是立足于林果文化,强调传统文化的价值。媒介形象价值论呈现出一个具有地域特色、内容鲜明的三阶段体系,包括精神与道德、文化与历史、自然价值。精神和道德优先事项反映了该地区对世界的心理看法,并侧重于劳动、善良、优雅、真诚和爱国主义的价值观、维护家庭价值观和对正义的信仰。过去和现在的民间英雄、传统、信仰和习俗丰富了文化和历史背景。冠状病毒大流行使信息流的参与者将注意力集中在Transbaikalia的自然资源上。在研究过程中,我们揭示了设计该地区媒体形象的价值工具与媒体话语对消费者的影响程度之间的相关性,以及作者世界观的精神和道德图景与观众对媒体产品的需求之间的相关性。我们认为有必要调整地区记者的工作,使其具有塑造该地区媒体形象的内在质感。作者得出的结论是,一方面,富有成效的媒体形象是利用该地区特有的价值观和理想设计的,另一方面,该地区的文化和历史空间是对居住地进行必要识别的工具,是该地区几代人和居民之间的纽带。
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引用次数: 0
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Gumanitarnyi vektor
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