Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a worldwide health problem with several risk factors. One of the most widely used treatments for managing this condition is therapeutic exercise, which could generate a response called exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). There is no consensus on the best exercise modality to induce hypoalgesia. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and synthesize the state-of-the-art about the hypoalgesic effect of exercise in subjects with CNP. We included articles on EIH and CNP in patients older than 18 years, with pain for more than three months, where the EIH response was measured. Articles that studied CNP associated with comorbidities or measured the response to treatments other than exercise were excluded. The studies reviewed reported variable results. Exercise in healthy subjects has been shown to reduce indicators of pain sensitivity; however, in people with chronic pain, the response is variable. Some investigations reported adverse effects with increased pain intensity and decreased pain sensitivity, others found no clinical response, and some even reported EIH with decreased pain and increased sensitivity. EIH is an identifiable, stimulable, and helpful therapeutic response in people with pain. More research is still needed on subjects with CNP to clarify the protocols and therapeutic variables that facilitate the EIH phenomenon. In addition, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence EIH in people with CNP.
{"title":"Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in chronic neck pain: A narrative review","authors":"Fernando Rojas-Galleguillos , Cecilia Clark-Hormazábal , Eduardo Méndez-Fuentes , Francisco Guede-Rojas , Cristhian Mendoza , Andrés Riveros Valdés , Claudio Carvajal-Parodi","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a worldwide health problem with several risk factors. One of the most widely used treatments for managing this condition is therapeutic exercise, which could generate a response called exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). There is no consensus on the best exercise modality to induce hypoalgesia. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and synthesize the state-of-the-art about the hypoalgesic effect of exercise in subjects with CNP. We included articles on EIH and CNP in patients older than 18 years, with pain for more than three months, where the EIH response was measured. Articles that studied CNP associated with comorbidities or measured the response to treatments other than exercise were excluded. The studies reviewed reported variable results. Exercise in healthy subjects has been shown to reduce indicators of pain sensitivity; however, in people with chronic pain, the response is variable. Some investigations reported adverse effects with increased pain intensity and decreased pain sensitivity, others found no clinical response, and some even reported EIH with decreased pain and increased sensitivity. EIH is an identifiable, stimulable, and helpful therapeutic response in people with pain. More research is still needed on subjects with CNP to clarify the protocols and therapeutic variables that facilitate the EIH phenomenon. In addition, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence EIH in people with CNP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000720/pdfft?md5=d930d9e0ca5ffe401512edb538dbf842&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000720-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135457359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.004
Jiangxi Chen, Yinmengke Bai, Weiguang Ni
To explore the reasons for low levels of physical activity in obese/overweight children and adolescents and to propose appropriate strategies to promote their physical activity (PA). This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by searching and analyzing the literature of studies related to physical activity in obese/overweight children and adolescents published between January 2003 and January 2023 in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. A total of 31 relevant studies were included for analysis, of which 16 were quantitative and 15 qualitative. According to these studies, the PA of obese/overweight children and adolescents is mainly constrained by negative factors: Individual, interpersonal, and environmental. Among these factors, low levels of individual motivation and psychological sensitivity and vulnerability, lack of family support, negative social feedback, insufficient protection from government policies, and inadequate support from the built environment are the main reasons that constrain their PA. The promotion of PA in obese/overweight children and adolescents, who are subject to more constraints at all levels, requires a system of security that involves the government, the community, the school, and the family to address the problems they encounter and enhance the sustainability of engagement in PA.
探讨肥胖/超重儿童和青少年体育锻炼水平低的原因,并提出促进其体育锻炼(PA)的适当策略。本综述遵循系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南,检索并分析了 2003 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月期间在 Web of Science、Scopus 和 PubMed 数据库中发表的与肥胖/超重儿童和青少年体育活动相关的研究文献。共纳入 31 项相关研究进行分析,其中 16 项为定量研究,15 项为定性研究。根据这些研究,肥胖/超重儿童和青少年的 PA 主要受到负面因素的制约:个人因素、人际因素和环境因素。在这些因素中,个人动力不足、心理敏感和脆弱程度低、缺乏家庭支持、社会负面反馈、政府政策保护不足、建筑环境支持不足是制约他们进行体育锻炼的主要原因。肥胖/超重儿童和青少年在各个层面受到的制约因素较多,要促进他们的体育锻炼,就需要建立一个由政府、社区、学校和家庭共同参与的保障体系,以解决他们遇到的问题,提高参与体育锻炼的可持续性。
{"title":"Reasons and promotion strategies of physical activity constraints in obese/overweight children and adolescents","authors":"Jiangxi Chen, Yinmengke Bai, Weiguang Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To explore the reasons for low levels of physical activity in obese/overweight children and adolescents and to propose appropriate strategies to promote their physical activity (PA). This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by searching and analyzing the literature of studies related to physical activity in obese/overweight children and adolescents published between January 2003 and January 2023 in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. A total of 31 relevant studies were included for analysis, of which 16 were quantitative and 15 qualitative. According to these studies, the PA of obese/overweight children and adolescents is mainly constrained by negative factors: Individual, interpersonal, and environmental. Among these factors, low levels of individual motivation and psychological sensitivity and vulnerability, lack of family support, negative social feedback, insufficient protection from government policies, and inadequate support from the built environment are the main reasons that constrain their PA. The promotion of PA in obese/overweight children and adolescents, who are subject to more constraints at all levels, requires a system of security that involves the government, the community, the school, and the family to address the problems they encounter and enhance the sustainability of engagement in PA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000768/pdfft?md5=ec5689dd392f804070d4a4d7202fa47f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000768-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.001
Robert Robergs , Bridgette O’Malley , Sam Torrens , Jason Siegler
The purpose of this manuscript was to present the evidence for why cells do not produce metabolic acids. In addition, evidence that opposes common viewpoints and arguments used to support the cellular production of lactic acid (HLa) or liver keto-acids have been provided. Organic chemistry reveals that many molecules involved in cellular energy catabolism contain functional groups classified as acids. The two main acidic functional groups of these molecules susceptible to ∼H+ release are the carboxyl and phosphoryl structures, though the biochemistry and organic chemistry of molecules having these structures reveal they are produced in a non-acidic ionic (negatively charged) structure, thereby preventing pH dependent ∼H+ release. Added evidence from the industrial production of HLa further reveals that lactate (La−) is produced followed by an acidification step that converts La− to HLa due to pH dependent ∼H+ association. Interestingly, there is a plentiful list of other molecules that are classified as acids and compared to HLa have similar values for their H+ dissociation constant (pKd). For many metabolic conditions, the cumulative turnover of these molecules is far higher than for La−. The collective evidence documents the non-empirical basis for the construct of the cellular production of HLa, or any other metabolic acid.
{"title":"The missing hydrogen ion, part-2: Where the evidence leads to","authors":"Robert Robergs , Bridgette O’Malley , Sam Torrens , Jason Siegler","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this manuscript was to present the evidence for why cells do not produce metabolic acids. In addition, evidence that opposes common viewpoints and arguments used to support the cellular production of lactic acid (HLa) or liver keto-acids have been provided. Organic chemistry reveals that many molecules involved in cellular energy catabolism contain functional groups classified as acids. The two main acidic functional groups of these molecules susceptible to ∼H<sup>+</sup> release are the carboxyl and phosphoryl structures, though the biochemistry and organic chemistry of molecules having these structures reveal they are produced in a non-acidic ionic (negatively charged) structure, thereby preventing pH dependent ∼H<sup>+</sup> release. Added evidence from the industrial production of HLa further reveals that lactate (La<sup>−</sup>) is produced followed by an acidification step that converts La<sup>−</sup> to HLa due to pH dependent ∼H<sup>+</sup> association. Interestingly, there is a plentiful list of other molecules that are classified as acids and compared to HLa have similar values for their H<sup>+</sup> dissociation constant (pK<sub>d</sub>). For many metabolic conditions, the cumulative turnover of these molecules is far higher than for La<sup>−</sup>. The collective evidence documents the non-empirical basis for the construct of the cellular production of HLa, or any other metabolic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 94-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000015/pdfft?md5=b032561abea11cf5fd5bf9c5053dd5fe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to identify the reasons for transferring athletes to local medical facilities during the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Data on 567 injuries and other illnesses of athletes treated at the on-site clinics were collected from the Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee. Of these, 84 athletes who required outpatient care during the Games were registered for this survey. During the Olympic and Paralympic Games, 66 (8.3/1 000) and 18 (7.2/1 000) athletes, respectively, consulted external medical facilities. In the Olympic Games, the reasons for these visits included 48 cases (72.7%) of injuries, 13 (19.7%) cases of illnesses, and 5 (7.6%) cases of heat stroke illness (HSI). Of these patients, 56 (84.9%) were treated as outpatients and 10 (15.1%) were hospitalized, while three of these patients required hospitalization for > 7 days. On the other hand, in the Paralympics Games, there were 7 (38.8%) cases of injuries, 9 (50.0%) other illnesses, 1 (5.6%) case of HSI, and 1 (5.6%) other cases, of which 11 (61.1%) were treated as outpatients and 7 (38.9%) were hospitalized, but none was hospitalized for > 7 days. Injuries accounted for 70% of the total cases at the 2021 Olympic Games, but only three (0.05%) were severe cases that required hospitalization for more than 1 week. In contrast, in the Paralympic Games, other illnesses accounted for approximately half of the total cases. This study provides details on the extent of injuries and other illnesses that were transferred to outside facilities, which has not been documented in previous games.
{"title":"Injuries and illness of athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic summer games visiting outside facilities","authors":"Shuji Sakanashi , Hideharu Tanaka , Hiroyuki Yokota , Yasuhiro Otomo , Tomohiko Masuno , Kousuke Nakano , Junichi Inoue , Manabu Sugita , Takahiko Tokunaga , Nagisa Kato , Tomoya Kinoshi , Hironori Inoue , Hiroto Numata , Koshi Nakagawa , Ryo Sagisaka , Shota Tanaka , Tetsuya Miyamoto , Takao Akama","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to identify the reasons for transferring athletes to local medical facilities during the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Data on 567 injuries and other illnesses of athletes treated at the on-site clinics were collected from the Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee. Of these, 84 athletes who required outpatient care during the Games were registered for this survey. During the Olympic and Paralympic Games, 66 (8.3/1 000) and 18 (7.2/1 000) athletes, respectively, consulted external medical facilities. In the Olympic Games, the reasons for these visits included 48 cases (72.7%) of injuries, 13 (19.7%) cases of illnesses, and 5 (7.6%) cases of heat stroke illness (HSI). Of these patients, 56 (84.9%) were treated as outpatients and 10 (15.1%) were hospitalized, while three of these patients required hospitalization for > 7 days. On the other hand, in the Paralympics Games, there were 7 (38.8%) cases of injuries, 9 (50.0%) other illnesses, 1 (5.6%) case of HSI, and 1 (5.6%) other cases, of which 11 (61.1%) were treated as outpatients and 7 (38.9%) were hospitalized, but none was hospitalized for > 7 days. Injuries accounted for 70% of the total cases at the 2021 Olympic Games, but only three (0.05%) were severe cases that required hospitalization for more than 1 week. In contrast, in the Paralympic Games, other illnesses accounted for approximately half of the total cases. This study provides details on the extent of injuries and other illnesses that were transferred to outside facilities, which has not been documented in previous games.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000039/pdfft?md5=bc16459565f952f12971576bdae7fec1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.002
Ann Kee Lee , Rosediani Bt Muhamad , Vina Phei Sean Tan
Physical activity and exercise (PAE) improve quality of life and reduce the effects of chronic diseases. Primary care physicians (PCPs) play an important role to encourage PAE in patients. We aim to assess PCPs' current PAE consultation practices and their enablers/barriers in daily clinical practice. We had 64 PCPs (age [35.3 ± 4.7] y, 47 women) that completed self-administered questionnaires on PAE consultation practices, training, and confidence levels. PCPs (n = 42) also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form to assess their physical activity (PA) levels. We conducted correlation, one-way analysis of variance and a linear regression to assess the associations between enablers, barriers and PA levels to PAE consultation practices. On average, PCPs consulted on PAE in 49.7% of their daily clinical appointments. Majority of PCPs (70%) strongly agreed that more PAE knowledge were needed to increase consultation practices. Top three barriers related (p < 0.001) to practices were lack of PAE education (r = 0.47), patients’ preference of pharmaceutical interventions (r = 0.45) and lack of continuing education in PAE for PCPs (r = 0.37). Physically active PCPs (health-enhancing PA levels, n = 6) gave significantly more daily consultations in PAE, 73.2% ± 21.9%, compared to inactive PCPs (n = 13), 37.4% ± 22.8% (p = 0.013). In our regression output, PCPs who had higher PA levels consulted more on PAE daily (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.001) while controlling for age. Conclusion, PCPs require more knowledge on PAE and need be physically active themselves to increase PAE consultation for patients in their daily practice. Medical education should consider including more PA and exercise topics that may benefit both physicians and their patients.
{"title":"Physically active primary care physicians consult more on physical activity and exercise for patients: A public teaching-hospital study","authors":"Ann Kee Lee , Rosediani Bt Muhamad , Vina Phei Sean Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical activity and exercise (PAE) improve quality of life and reduce the effects of chronic diseases. Primary care physicians (PCPs) play an important role to encourage PAE in patients. We aim to assess PCPs' current PAE consultation practices and their enablers/barriers in daily clinical practice. We had 64 PCPs (age [35.3 ± 4.7] y, 47 women) that completed self-administered questionnaires on PAE consultation practices, training, and confidence levels. PCPs (<em>n</em> = 42) also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form to assess their physical activity (PA) levels. We conducted correlation, one-way analysis of variance and a linear regression to assess the associations between enablers, barriers and PA levels to PAE consultation practices. On average, PCPs consulted on PAE in 49.7% of their daily clinical appointments. Majority of PCPs (70%) strongly agreed that more PAE knowledge were needed to increase consultation practices. Top three barriers related (<em>p</em> < 0.001) to practices were lack of PAE education (<em>r</em> = 0.47), patients’ preference of pharmaceutical interventions (<em>r</em> = 0.45) and lack of continuing education in PAE for PCPs (<em>r</em> = 0.37). Physically active PCPs (health-enhancing PA levels, <em>n</em> = 6) gave significantly more daily consultations in PAE, 73.2% ± 21.9%, compared to inactive PCPs (<em>n</em> = 13), 37.4% ± 22.8% (<em>p</em> = 0.013). In our regression output, PCPs who had higher PA levels consulted more on PAE daily (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 0.38, <em>p</em> < 0.001) while controlling for age. Conclusion, PCPs require more knowledge on PAE and need be physically active themselves to increase PAE consultation for patients in their daily practice. Medical education should consider including more PA and exercise topics that may benefit both physicians and their patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000823/pdfft?md5=d821915734d110f150311b3210843775&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000823-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.003
Asaduzzaman Khan , Kazi Rumana Ahmed , Eun-Young Lee
Healthy movement behaviours are associated with various physical and mental wellbeing; however, little is known about such associations in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine adherence to 24-hour (h) movement guidelines and their relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Data were from 312 Bangladeshi adolescents aged 13–17 years (42% female). Meeting the guidelines was defined as: energy expenditure for physical activity (PA) ≥ 1 680 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-min/week, ≤ 2 h/day of recreational screen time (ST), and 8–10 h/night of sleep. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) with a score of 10 or more indicating high depressive symptoms. Percentage of adolescents meeting the three recommendations was 2.2%, with 17.6% meeting two, and 31.2% meeting one recommendation. Generalized estimating equations showed that odds of having high depressive symptoms was a third (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.57) for meeting the PA guidelines, and about a half (OR = 0.47, 95%CI, 0.18-0.87) for meeting the sleep guidelines. Odds of depressive symptoms reduced significantly for meeting PA and sleep (OR = 0.20, 95%CI, 0.09-0.59), or PA and ST (OR = 0.24, 95%CI, 0.08-0.55) guidelines. About half of the adolescents did not meet any recommendations, which underscores the need for public health campaigns to promote adherence to the movement guidelines in this pediatric population. Further longitudinal research with larger sample size is recommended to explore the inter-relationships of these behaviours and their impact on health and wellbeing outcomes of adolescents in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and their association with depressive symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Asaduzzaman Khan , Kazi Rumana Ahmed , Eun-Young Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Healthy movement behaviours are associated with various physical and mental wellbeing; however, little is known about such associations in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine adherence to 24-hour (h) movement guidelines and their relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Data were from 312 Bangladeshi adolescents aged 13–17 years (42% female). Meeting the guidelines was defined as: energy expenditure for physical activity (PA) ≥ 1 680 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-min/week, ≤ 2 h/day of recreational screen time (ST), and 8–10 h/night of sleep. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) with a score of 10 or more indicating high depressive symptoms. Percentage of adolescents meeting the three recommendations was 2.2%, with 17.6% meeting two, and 31.2% meeting one recommendation. Generalized estimating equations showed that odds of having high depressive symptoms was a third (odds ratio [<em>OR</em>] = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [<em>CI</em>], 0.19-0.57) for meeting the PA guidelines, and about a half (<em>OR =</em> 0.47, 95%<em>CI,</em> 0.18-0.87) for meeting the sleep guidelines. Odds of depressive symptoms reduced significantly for meeting PA and sleep (<em>OR =</em> 0.20, 95%<em>CI</em>, 0.09-0.59), or PA and ST (<em>OR</em> = 0.24, 95%<em>CI,</em> 0.08-0.55) guidelines. About half of the adolescents did not meet any recommendations, which underscores the need for public health campaigns to promote adherence to the movement guidelines in this pediatric population. Further longitudinal research with larger sample size is recommended to explore the inter-relationships of these behaviours and their impact on health and wellbeing outcomes of adolescents in Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337623000756/pdfft?md5=b1e21d0dd0f5695c3f6243b779734fe1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337623000756-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.005
Yanqiu Zheng , Junyu Ke , JinBin Song , Xuyu Li , Rongman Kuang , Haiyan Wang , Shuang Li , Yanwu Li
This study aimed to examine the correlation between daily physical activity levels and gut microbiota during the perimenopausal period. To explore the physiopathological traits of perimenopause women, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of menopause exercise intervention program. In this study, daily physical activity was assessed using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT wearable sensor, and 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbiota diversity and composition. Comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between physical activity and specific phyla and genera in the gut microbiota, comparing perimenopausal women to youth women. The results showed perimenopausal women exhibited significantly lower levels of daily physical activity, including Kcals, metabolic equivalents (METs), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), compared to youth women. The composition of the gut microbiota was markedly different between the two groups. Specifically, the abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Gemmatimonadetes were lower at the phylum level (p < 0.01). Collinsella, Ruminococcus gnavus, Rothia, Haemophilus, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillales, and Lactococcus were lower at the genus level, while Phascolarctobacterium, Paraprevotella, Acinetobacter, Flavonifractor, and Intestinimonas exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between Chloroflexi or Sphingomonas and physical activity (kcals, METs, and MVPA), while a negative correlation was found between Intestinimonas and physical activity (METs: p < 0.01, and MVPA: p < 0.05). Doubtlessly, the perimenopausal period is associated with lower levels of physical activity and distinct changes in gut microbiota. Sphingomonas may serve as a sensitive bacterium closely linked to physical activity.
本研究旨在检查围绝经期每日体力活动水平与肠道微生物群之间的相关性。探讨围绝经期妇女的生理病理特征,为制定绝经期运动干预方案提供理论依据。在本研究中,使用ActiGraph wgt3g - bt可穿戴传感器评估日常体力活动,并使用16S rRNA测序分析肠道微生物群的多样性和组成。对围绝经期妇女和青年妇女进行了比较分析,以评估体力活动与肠道微生物群中特定门和属之间的关系。结果显示,与年轻女性相比,围绝经期女性表现出明显较低的日常身体活动水平,包括卡路里、代谢当量(METs)和中等到剧烈的身体活动(MVPA)。两组的肠道菌群组成有显著差异。具体而言,在门水平上,酸杆菌、氯霉素、硝基螺旋菌和双胞杆菌的丰度较低(p <;0.01)。属水平上Collinsella、瘤胃球菌、rothyia、Haemophilus、鞘氨单胞菌、Lactobacillales和乳球菌数量较低,而Phascolarctobacterium、Paraprevotella、Acinetobacter、黄酮因子和肠子单胞菌数量显著增加(p <;0.05, p <;0.01)。此外,Chloroflexi或鞘氨单胞菌与身体活动(kcal, METs和MVPA)呈正相关,而肠单胞菌与身体活动(METs: p <;0.01, MVPA: p <;0.05)。毫无疑问,围绝经期与较低的体力活动水平和肠道微生物群的明显变化有关。鞘氨单胞菌可能是一种与身体活动密切相关的敏感细菌。
{"title":"Correlation between daily physical activity and intestinal microbiota in perimenopausal women","authors":"Yanqiu Zheng , Junyu Ke , JinBin Song , Xuyu Li , Rongman Kuang , Haiyan Wang , Shuang Li , Yanwu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine the correlation between daily physical activity levels and gut microbiota during the perimenopausal period. To explore the physiopathological traits of perimenopause women, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of menopause exercise intervention program. In this study, daily physical activity was assessed using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT wearable sensor, and 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbiota diversity and composition. Comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between physical activity and specific phyla and genera in the gut microbiota, comparing perimenopausal women to youth women. The results showed perimenopausal women exhibited significantly lower levels of daily physical activity, including Kcals, metabolic equivalents (METs), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), compared to youth women. The composition of the gut microbiota was markedly different between the two groups. Specifically, the abundance of <em>Acidobacteria</em>, <em>Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae</em>, and <em>Gemmatimonadetes</em> were lower at the phylum level (<em>p</em> < 0.01). <em>Collinsella, Ruminococcus gnavus, Rothia, Haemophilus, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillales,</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em> were lower at the genus level, while <em>Phascolarctobacterium, Paraprevotella, Acinetobacter, Flavonifractor,</em> and <em>Intestinimonas</em> exhibited a significant increase (<em>p</em> < 0.05, <em>p</em> < 0.01). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between <em>Chloroflexi</em> or <em>Sphingomonas</em> and physical activity (kcals, METs, and MVPA), while a negative correlation was found between <em>Intestinimonas</em> and physical activity (METs: <em>p</em> < 0.01, and MVPA: <em>p</em> < 0.05). Doubtlessly, the perimenopausal period is associated with lower levels of physical activity and distinct changes in gut microbiota. <em>Sphingomonas</em> may serve as a sensitive bacterium closely linked to physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.007
Pyruvate is a three-carbon ketoacid that occurs naturally in cells. It is produced through enzymatic reactions in the glycolytic pathway and plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Despite promising early results, later well-controlled studies of physically active people have shown that pyruvate supplementation lasting more than 1 week has no ergogenic effects. However, some data suggest that ingested pyruvate may be preferentially metabolized without accumulation in the bloodstream. Pyruvate exhibits antioxidant activity and can affect the cellular redox state, and exogenous pyruvate can influence metabolism by affecting the acid-base balance of the blood. This brief review focuses on the potential effects of pyruvate as a supplement for active people. The current state of understanding suggests that studies of the effects of pyruvate supplementation should prioritize investigating the timing of pyruvate intake.
{"title":"Current knowledge about pyruvate supplementation: A brief review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyruvate is a three-carbon ketoacid that occurs naturally in cells. It is produced through enzymatic reactions in the glycolytic pathway and plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Despite promising early results, later well-controlled studies of physically active people have shown that pyruvate supplementation lasting more than 1 week has no ergogenic effects. However, some data suggest that ingested pyruvate may be preferentially metabolized without accumulation in the bloodstream. Pyruvate exhibits antioxidant activity and can affect the cellular redox state, and exogenous pyruvate can influence metabolism by affecting the acid-base balance of the blood. This brief review focuses on the potential effects of pyruvate as a supplement for active people. The current state of understanding suggests that studies of the effects of pyruvate supplementation should prioritize investigating the timing of pyruvate intake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 295-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000271/pdfft?md5=0d9c10bf141be1bea2e33f46a6095dd4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.006
Tutu Wang , Ismail Laher , Shunchang Li
Physical inactivity remains a pressing global public health concern. Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior have been linked to heightened risks of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, while engaging in any form of physical activity can elicit favorable effects on health. Nevertheless, epidemiological research indicates that people often struggle to meet recommended physical activity guidelines, citing time constraints, lack of exercise equipment, and environmental limitations as common barriers. Exercise snacks represents a time-efficient approach with the potential to improve physical activity levels in sedentary populations, cultivate exercise routines, and enhance the perception of the health benefits associated with physical activity. We review the existing literature on exercise snacks, and examine the effects of exercise snacks on physical function and exercise capacity, while also delving into the potential underlying mechanisms. The objective is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for the application of exercise snacks as a viable strategy for promoting physical activity and enhancing overall health, particularly in vulnerable populations who are unable to exercise routinely.
{"title":"Exercise snacks and physical fitness in sedentary populations","authors":"Tutu Wang , Ismail Laher , Shunchang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical inactivity remains a pressing global public health concern. Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior have been linked to heightened risks of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, while engaging in any form of physical activity can elicit favorable effects on health. Nevertheless, epidemiological research indicates that people often struggle to meet recommended physical activity guidelines, citing time constraints, lack of exercise equipment, and environmental limitations as common barriers. Exercise snacks represents a time-efficient approach with the potential to improve physical activity levels in sedentary populations, cultivate exercise routines, and enhance the perception of the health benefits associated with physical activity. We review the existing literature on exercise snacks, and examine the effects of exercise snacks on physical function and exercise capacity, while also delving into the potential underlying mechanisms. The objective is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for the application of exercise snacks as a viable strategy for promoting physical activity and enhancing overall health, particularly in vulnerable populations who are unable to exercise routinely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.004
Sarcopenia is a progressive systemic skeletal muscle disease induced by various physiological and pathological factors, including aging, malnutrition, denervation, and cardiovascular diseases, manifesting as the decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. Both exercise and nutrition produce beneficial effects on skeletal muscle growth and are viewed as feasible strategies to prevent sarcopenia. Mechanisms involve regulating blood flow, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and degradation, and satellite cell activation through exerkines and gut microbiomes. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest progress and future development of the above mechanisms for providing a theoretical basis and ideas for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
{"title":"Exercise and nutrition benefit skeletal muscle: From influence factor and intervention strategy to molecular mechanism","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sarcopenia is a progressive systemic skeletal muscle disease induced by various physiological and pathological factors, including aging, malnutrition, denervation, and cardiovascular diseases, manifesting as the decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. Both exercise and nutrition produce beneficial effects on skeletal muscle growth and are viewed as feasible strategies to prevent sarcopenia. Mechanisms involve regulating blood flow, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and degradation, and satellite cell activation through exerkines and gut microbiomes. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest progress and future development of the above mechanisms for providing a theoretical basis and ideas for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 302-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666337624000258/pdfft?md5=0386b203d729cc1c63f25d972e78b5c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666337624000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}