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Innovations in Russia: from high knowledge and availability of promising scientific groundwork to effective social and economic development 俄罗斯的创新:从高知识和有前途的科学基础到有效的社会和经济发展
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-13-26
A. Aganbegyan, M. Lazarev
The author continues a series of works in which, based on a country-by-country analysis of rating data for 2021, he analyzes the present state of the socio-economic development in the Russian economy, as well as its prospects and vulnerabilities. Among the key reasons hindering the innovative development of the Russian economy are the lack of decent conditions for the creation and development of innovative companies, the systematic loss of opportunities to increase momentum in the field of high-tech knowledge-intensive technologies, an inefficient public administration system, the outflow of highly qualified specialists abroad, lack of funding for science and education, depreciation of fixed assets, underdevelopment of the logistics and transport infrastructure systems, accumulated social problems, etc. The author draws the attention to the fact that in order to achieve an accelerated innovative development of the Russian economy, is necessary to make a transition to medium-term and long-term strategic planning.
作者继续撰写了一系列著作,在对2021年评级数据进行国别分析的基础上,分析了俄罗斯经济的社会经济发展现状、前景和脆弱性。阻碍俄罗斯经济创新发展的主要原因有:缺乏创建和发展创新公司的良好条件,有系统地失去在高技术知识密集型技术领域增加势头的机会,公共行政系统效率低下,高素质专家外流国外,缺乏科学和教育资金,固定资产折旧,物流运输基础设施体系不发达,社会问题积累等。作者提请注意,为了实现俄罗斯经济的加速创新发展,有必要进行过渡到中长期的战略规划。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophical Origins of the Strategy for Companies’ Digital Transformation 企业数字化转型战略的哲学渊源
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-126-137
A. Starodubtseva
The necessity of studying the philosophical origins of the digital transformation strategy at the corporate level is considered, since this phenomenon has a direct impact on improving the quality of life, and, consequently, the economic revival of the country. The main message and relevance of the topic are due to the fact that digital transformation cannot be carried out without a well-considered strategy that allows you to identify objective opportunities for overcoming the contradictions that develop in the process of scientific and technological progress and the transformation of society. The digital transformation of companies is carried out in accordance with the development strategies of the information society, the country’s digital economy and global digital strategies. It is necessary that the public environment and business space be ready for digital transformation, as well as develop and take shape development strategies that involve radical and advanced changes in the forms of business organization. This involves studying the phenomenon of the digital transformation strategy within the framework of the historical and philosophical approach, which makes it possible to identify global socio-economic and technological transformations in order to effectively adapt to the modern modification of the economic world based on a review of the scientific works of academician Bodrunov S. D. The primary task of philosophical analysis, which consists in streamlining ideas about strategy as a science and studying the philosophical roots of the categories included in the stages of strategizing based on the research of academician Kvint V. L. The concept of digital transformation is analyzed in the context of a historically established philosophical concept. In the philosophical discourse the fundamental questions about movement and development, directly related to the possibilities and patterns of the emergence of new formats of strategies for changing digital reality, have been substantiated for a long time.
考虑到在企业层面研究数字化转型战略的哲学起源的必要性,因为这种现象对提高生活质量有直接影响,因此对国家的经济复兴也有直接影响。该主题的主要信息和相关性是由于这样一个事实,即如果没有一个深思熟虑的战略,就无法进行数字化转型,该战略使您能够确定克服科技进步和社会转型过程中发展的矛盾的客观机会。企业数字化转型是根据信息社会发展战略、国家数字经济发展战略和全球数字战略的要求进行的。要做好公共环境和商业空间数字化转型的准备,制定和形成企业组织形式发生根本性、先进性变革的发展战略。这涉及到在历史和哲学方法的框架内研究数字化转型战略的现象,这使得有可能确定全球社会经济和技术变革,以便有效地适应经济世界的现代变化,这是基于对波德鲁诺夫院士s.d.的科学著作的回顾。以Kvint V. l院士的研究为基础,梳理战略作为一门科学的观点,研究战略阶段所包含的类别的哲学根源。数字化转型概念是在历史上确立的哲学概念的背景下进行分析的。在哲学话语中,关于运动和发展的基本问题,与改变数字现实的新战略格式的出现的可能性和模式直接相关,已经证实了很长时间。
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引用次数: 0
Transboundariness as a Strategic Factor in the Development of Tourism and Exhibition and Trade Fair Activities in the Far East of Russia 跨界是俄罗斯远东地区旅游和会展贸易活动发展的战略因素
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-110-125
A. Sadovnichaya, I. Chkhotua
Under the influence of globalization and international economic integration, borders appear to be a strategic resource for the development, especially for the border regions of the country, where cross-border spaces and institutions are basically formed. The development of cross-border cooperation in the tourism trade show industries and international cultural exchange is a strategic direction for diversifying the economy of the Russian Far East. The article provides a general analysis of the incoming tourist flow and an OTSW- analysis of the Far Eastern border regions of Russia to justify the need of the development of these strategic directions of macroregion’s economy.
在全球化和国际经济一体化的影响下,边界成为发展的战略资源,特别是国家的边境地区,跨境空间和机构基本形成。发展旅游贸易展销业跨境合作和国际文化交流是俄罗斯远东地区经济多元化发展的战略方向。本文对俄罗斯远东边境地区的入境旅游流量进行了总体分析,并对远东边境地区的OTSW进行了分析,以证明发展这些宏观区域经济战略方向的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Industry and enterprise development in the current realities: business perspective 行业与企业发展的现状:商业视角
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-54-60
A. Murychev
The paper considers development of industry and entrepreneurship in the current conditions from the business perspective. Despite tough sanctions most companies rate their work as successful, noting effective business support programs (the work of the Industry Development Fund and the Russian Export Center in particular). The main challenges that need to be addressed include: rising producer prices and rates of natural monopolies, difficulties in attracting funding, high debt burden, poor quality of collateral, lack of guarantees and bonds, obstacles in international economic activity, lack of personnel. The author emphasizes the need to encourage private investment and strengthening cooperation between business and government. Adjustments to legislation is proposed, specifically tax regulation.
本文从商业的角度来考虑当前条件下产业和创业的发展。尽管受到严厉制裁,但大多数公司认为他们的工作是成功的,并指出了有效的商业支持计划(特别是工业发展基金和俄罗斯出口中心的工作)。需要解决的主要挑战包括:生产者价格和自然垄断率上升、吸引资金困难、债务负担高、抵押品质量差、缺乏担保和债券、国际经济活动中的障碍、缺乏人员。作者强调有必要鼓励私人投资,加强企业和政府之间的合作。建议调整立法,特别是税收法规。
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引用次数: 0
The role of the economy of quality in the period of innovative transformation of socio-economic development 论素质经济在社会经济发展创新转型时期的作用
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2(76)-33-41
V. Okrepilov
In solving problems related to the economy, a special place is occupied by conceptual approaches that focus on the conductors of innovative development. The progressive essence of such solutions is the theoretical and methodological approach to the economy of quality, which is found in standardization, metrology and quality management. The survey of economic activities in science, education and innovation does not use just three specific areas of activity, but a set of interrelated processes. The innovation process should ensure productivity only while accelerating the development of science and education in the region. On the conceptual basis of quality, our proposals were formulated, aimed at improving the quality of the economy in all its manifestations and, first of all, at improving the quality of life. The ideas put forward were used in the development of strategic documents: «Comprehensive scientific and technical program of the NorthWestern Federal District of the Russian Federation until 2030», the Strategy for the economic and social development of St. Petersburg until 2030 and subsequently adopted the Strategy for the socioeconomic development of St. Petersburg until 2035, The concept of scientific and technological development of St. Petersburg until 2030.
在解决与经济有关的问题时,侧重于创新发展的指挥者的概念方法占据了一个特殊的位置。这些解决方案的进步本质是在标准化、计量和质量管理中发现的质量经济的理论和方法方法。对科学、教育和创新领域经济活动的调查并不仅仅涉及三个特定的活动领域,而是涉及一系列相互关联的过程。创新过程应该确保生产力,同时加快该地区科学和教育的发展。在质量的概念基础上,我们提出了各项建议,其目的是提高各种表现形式的经济质量,首先是提高生活质量。提出的思想被用于制定战略文件:《俄罗斯联邦西北联邦区2030年综合科技计划》、《2030年圣彼得堡经济和社会发展战略》,随后通过了《2035年圣彼得堡社会经济发展战略》、《2030年圣彼得堡科技发展构想》。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Strategic Trends of Factors Influencing the Moscow Real Estate Market 莫斯科房地产市场影响因素的战略趋势分析
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2(76)-147-161
P. Petrova
The paper provides a strategic analysis of trends in the real estate market development in Moscow, which, in the author’s opinion, may indicate a strategic threat of the formation of an emergency period in the housing market of the capital city. The emergency period in the study refers to a period of cyclical growth in market prices, characterized by excessive investment due to long-term speculative expectations of investors. The residential real estate market is one of the most important socio-economic areas, reflecting the well-being of the population, as well as influencing many significant industries in Russia. Any disturbances and shocks regarding real estate prices can lead to social unrest among the population and, as a result, a deterioration in their quality of life. Apart from that, the real estate market is closely connected with the construction industry, which is one of the powerhouses of the Russian economy. To prevent instability in the housing market, national and regional strategies should consider its sustainable socio-economic advancement as a national (regional) strategic priority. The purpose of the study is to identify some strategic trends that are necessary for analysis at the forecasting stage at the beginning of the strategy formation process. The article shows that some emerging strategic trends point to the existing likelihood of an emergency period in the housing market in Moscow, however, the strategic management tools implemented by the government and the banking sector effectively resist its occurrence, as well as other external factors.
本文对莫斯科房地产市场的发展趋势进行了战略分析,作者认为,这可能表明首都住房市场形成紧急时期的战略威胁。本研究中的紧急时期是指市场价格出现周期性增长的时期,其特征是由于投资者的长期投机预期导致投资过度。住宅房地产市场是最重要的社会经济领域之一,反映了人口的福祉,并影响着俄罗斯的许多重要行业。任何有关房地产价格的干扰和冲击都可能导致社会动荡,从而导致人们的生活质量下降。除此之外,房地产市场与建筑行业密切相关,建筑行业是俄罗斯经济的动力之一。为了防止住房市场不稳定,国家和区域战略应将其可持续的社会经济发展作为国家(区域)战略优先事项。本研究的目的是确定一些战略趋势,这些趋势在战略形成过程开始时的预测阶段进行分析是必要的。文章表明,一些新兴的战略趋势表明莫斯科房地产市场存在紧急时期的可能性,然而,政府和银行部门实施的战略管理工具有效地抵制了它的发生,以及其他外部因素。
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引用次数: 0
Russian industrial policy under the challenges of global transformation: problems of the theory and practice of transition to a new stage of industrial development (NIS. 2) 全球转型挑战下的俄罗斯产业政策:向工业发展新阶段转型的理论与实践问题(NIS)2)
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-5-12
S. Bodrunov
Modern Russia, like the whole world, is going through a period of uncertainty and turbulence associated with a change in the long-term trajectory of development. This transformation creates new challenges for the Russian economy and society as a whole. The author considers the issues of structuring these challenges into a system of goals and objectives of economic and industrial policy, as well as proposes effective tools for its implementation.
现代俄罗斯同世界一样,正经历一个长期发展轨迹发生变化的不确定动荡时期。这种转变为俄罗斯经济和整个社会带来了新的挑战。作者考虑了将这些挑战构建为经济和产业政策目标体系的问题,并提出了实施这些目标的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
An alternative to hybrid state controlled capitalism 替代混合国家控制的资本主义
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-75-78
D. Lane
The paper critically analyzes various interpretations of the concept of state capitalism. The author differentiates the state as the owner of the means of production, state as a form of economic coordination, state as the dominant institution of political power, and state as an instrument for extracting and distributing surplus value. The failure of post-socialist European countries to transition to a sustainable market capitalist system, as well as the rise of state-managed hybrid market economies in China, have led to such economies becoming long-term economic formations. A hybrid economy, in which a market-capitalist sector coexists with a politically controlled and dominant public sector, is proposed as an alternative to neoliberal forms of coordination. It provides the foundation for the development of a rational political economy.
本文批判性地分析了对国家资本主义概念的各种解释。作者将国家区分为生产资料的所有者、经济协调的一种形式、政治权力的主导机构以及提取和分配剩余价值的工具。后社会主义欧洲国家向可持续的市场资本主义体制转型的失败,以及中国国家管理的混合市场经济的兴起,导致了这种经济成为长期的经济形态。混合经济,其中市场资本主义部门与政治控制和主导的公共部门共存,被提议作为新自由主义协调形式的替代方案。它为理性政治经济学的发展提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
The Global Role of the Dollar and Trends in the De-dollarization of the World Economy in the New Conditions 美元的全球作用和新形势下世界经济去美元化的趋势
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2(76)-102-118
O. Komolov
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the role of the dollar in the world economy and its formation as a world reserve currency. Based on the methodology of the school of world-system analysis (J. Arrighi, S. Amin, I. Wallerstein, R.S. Dzarazov), the author reveals the mechanism for using the dollar as one of the instruments of unequal exchange between the center and the periphery of the economy within the American systemic capital accumulation cycle. Based on a comprehensive empirical analysis, an assessment is made of the trends in the dedollarization of the world economy in the 21st century. It was found that despite the devastating consequences of the global crisis of 2007–2009. caused by the hypertrophied development of the financial sector of the US economy during the global crisis, the dollar retained a key role in the international reserves of states, in trade and exchange operations in the world economy. In particular, the Russian economy, despite the statements of the authorities about moving towards abandoning the dollar, nevertheless remained highly dependent on it, only partially replacing US dollars with the euro. Real de-dollarization 2022-2023 in Russia became a necessary measure for business, and was associated with the partial blocking of Russian correspondent accounts in Western banks.
本文致力于分析美元在世界经济中的作用及其作为世界储备货币的形成。基于世界体系分析学派(J. Arrighi, S. Amin, I. Wallerstein, R.S. Dzarazov)的方法论,作者揭示了在美国系统性资本积累周期内,美元作为经济中心和边缘之间不平等交换的工具之一的机制。在综合实证分析的基础上,对21世纪世界经济的去美元化趋势进行了评价。人们发现,尽管2007-2009年的全球危机造成了毁灭性的后果。由于全球金融危机期间美国经济金融部门的过度发展,美元在各国的国际储备中、在世界经济的贸易和外汇操作中保持了关键作用。特别是,俄罗斯经济,尽管当局声明要放弃美元,但仍然高度依赖美元,只是部分地用欧元取代美元。2022-2023年俄罗斯的真正去美元化成为商业的必要措施,并与俄罗斯在西方银行的代理账户部分被封锁有关。
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引用次数: 0
Modern post-capitalism and the dialectic of the three forms of economy doctrine 现代后资本主义与三种经济学说的辩证法
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2023-2-76-79-92
S. Tolkachev, A.I. Avdeeva
The article attempts to show the development of K. Marx’s dialectical doctrine of the three forms of economy on the materials of the modern crisis of capitalism and the post-capitalist formation outlines. The theoretical concept of three forms of economy, which became popular, was proposed by early Marx in the form of a typology of the development individuality dependence from society in the forms of personal dependence, personal independence based on material dependence, and finally, free individuality based on the universal development of individuals. Subsequently, the domestic school of political economy methodology transformed the content of the three forms into the original production relation doctrine, which together with the basic production relation forms the two-part identifier of each socio-economic formation. The driving forces and internal contradictions of the transition to each form of economy are shown. The essence manifestations of the form of “removal” of the contradiction between the tasks of development of the individual and society in the modern postcapitalist society in the form of planning and socialization of production, which form a new initial productive relation of postcapitalism – “the personal dependence of man on the basis of the mental dependence on society” are highlighted. On the basis of the comparison of the doctrine of the three forms of economy and the theory of noonomics, a reasonable conclusion is presented that the actual resolution, rather than the “removal” of the contradiction between the individual and society is possible within noo-society.
本文试图以现代资本主义危机的材料和后资本主义的形成轮廓来展示马克思关于三种经济形式的辩证学说的发展。流行起来的三种经济形态的理论概念,是马克思早期以个体依赖于社会的形式、以物质依赖为基础的个体独立、以个人普遍发展为基础的自由个性的发展类型学的形式提出的。随后,国内政治经济学方法论学派将这三种形态的内容转化为原始的生产关系学说,它与基本生产关系一起构成了每一种社会经济形态的两部分标识符。揭示了向各种经济形式转型的动力和内在矛盾。强调了现代后资本主义社会以生产计划化和社会化的形式“消解”个人与社会发展任务之间矛盾的本质表现形式,形成了一种新的后资本主义的初始生产关系——“人在精神依赖社会的基础上的个人依赖”。通过对三种经济形态学说和经济学理论的比较,提出了一个合理的结论:在非社会内部,个人与社会矛盾的实际解决而不是“消除”是可能的。
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引用次数: 0
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Economic Revival of Russia
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