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Modern development strategy requires a turn to planning 现代发展战略要求向规划转变
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2021-3-69-5-13
S. Bodrunov
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引用次数: 1
Социализация экономики: приоритеты современного развития России
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-4-74-5-8
Сергей Дмитриевич Бодрунов
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引用次数: 1
Electric power industry of Russia: the state and prospects of development in the transition to a low-carbon economy 俄罗斯电力工业:向低碳经济转型的现状与发展前景
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-2-72-144-160
N. Vasilenko
With the transition to a low-carbon economy, electric energy is growing in importance. For renewable energy sources to make up a big share of the energy mix, it is necessary that a profound institutional change should take place in the functioning of infrastructure industries, one of which is the electric power industry. The success of institutional transformation depends on the initial conditions and the directions of the evolutionary change of the institutional environment. The initial conditions include the fact that the country’s electric power industry used to develop according to a unified national plan before being restructured to promote competition among energy producers and on the electricity market within the Unified Power System. The institutional environment that stimulates the transition of Russia to a low-carbon economy includes international, national, corporate levels and individual consumers, within which renewable energy sources and intelligent power systems are promoted. The major issues that Russia’s energy market has include cross subsidization, excess capacity, and high electricity prices. In Russia’s system services market, the most rapidly growing sector is energy demand management. The principal barriers to the development of Russia’s electric power industry within the framework of the 3Ds concept are technological and psychological. Compared with other countries, Russia is less prepared for energy transformation.
随着向低碳经济的转型,电力能源的重要性日益增加。可再生能源要在能源结构中占更大比重,就必须在基础设施产业的运行方式上进行深刻的制度变革,电力产业就是其中之一。制度转型的成功取决于制度环境演化变化的初始条件和方向。最初的条件包括,该国的电力工业过去是根据统一的国家计划发展的,然后进行重组,以促进能源生产商之间的竞争和统一电力系统内的电力市场。促进俄罗斯向低碳经济转型的制度环境包括国际、国家、企业和个人消费者,在这些环境中可再生能源和智能电力系统得到推广。俄罗斯能源市场存在的主要问题包括交叉补贴、产能过剩和高电价。在俄罗斯的系统服务市场中,增长最快的部门是能源需求管理。在3Ds概念框架内发展俄罗斯电力工业的主要障碍是技术和心理。与其他国家相比,俄罗斯的能源转型准备不足。
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引用次数: 0
Modern problems of development of value chains in the national economy: regional aspect 国民经济价值链发展的现代问题:区域层面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-2-72-44-49
V. Ilyin, E. Lukin
The relevance of the state policy on the development of interregional value chains in the national economy in the modern geo-economic reality is substantiated. The existing analytical and modeling tools are systematized and tested, the use of which makes it possible to improve the quality of management of these processes. The main directions and instruments of regulation of interregional value chains are presented.
在现代地缘经济现实中,国家政策对国民经济区域间价值链发展的相关性得到了证实。对现有的分析和建模工具进行了系统化和测试,使用这些工具可以提高这些过程的管理质量。提出了区域间价值链规制的主要方向和手段。
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引用次数: 0
Human and robot: technologization vs. humanization of noonomy 人与机器人:技术化与经济的人性化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2021-1-67-39-47
A. Porokhovsky
The role of a man at various stages of the formation and development of capitalism is considered. It is shown how hired labor gradually turned from a factor of production into human capital and became a decisive element in the creation of new digital technologies. At the same time, there has been a significant change in the role and place of man in the economy and society. Noonomics can no longer rely solely on the private interest of capital, because technological fetishism has begun to threaten the very existence of a man. Artificial intelligence as a robot and in other forms claims to replace a man in many areas. Only a man himself is capable of transforming technologization into a modern support of humanization under the conditions of noonomics.
考虑了人在资本主义形成和发展的各个阶段所扮演的角色。它展示了雇佣劳动如何逐渐从生产要素转变为人力资本,并成为创造新数字技术的决定性因素。与此同时,人类在经济和社会中的作用和地位也发生了重大变化。经济学不能再仅仅依靠资本的私人利益,因为技术拜物教已经开始威胁到一个人的生存。作为机器人和其他形式的人工智能声称在许多领域取代了人类。只有人自己才能在经济学的条件下把技术转化为人性化的现代支持。
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引用次数: 1
Prospects and Digital Threats of the Mass Transition of Microentrepreneurs to Internet Platforms 微企业家向互联网平台大规模转型的前景与数字威胁
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-3-73-154-163
P. Glukhikh, L. Voronina, E. R. Saifulin
The rapid emergence of advanced technologies, internet platforms and the spread of the sharing economy are the drivers of economic change. In addition to opportunities, new threats are being created for entrepreneurs in the form of digital monopolies. Platforms modify economic entities and the behavioral models they apply. Refusal or consent to carry out business activities using internet platforms generates a digital divide. The consequences for the most massive small form of Russian business – microentrepreneurs are not obvious. Considering all microentrepreneurs, including those who do not have state registration, the cumulative consequences can be very significant for the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The purpose of the article is to systematize scientific approaches to the study of prospects and digital threats of the mass transition of microentrepreneurs to internet platforms. Using the methods of content analysis of foreign and Russian publications, it is systematized that the problems of transition are investigated in three directions: the consequences of the economy of shared consumption, the study of models of entrepreneurial behavior and cognitive distortions. The lack of scientific knowledge about the prospects and digital threats of the transition of microentrepreneurs to internet platforms has been established. The scientific significance lies in the actualization of this scientific field. In future studies, it is necessary to assess the extent and motives for the dissemination of business behavior models on internet platforms. And identification of entrepreneurial patterns and their consequences for the entrepreneur himself and the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
先进技术、互联网平台的快速崛起和共享经济的广泛传播是经济变革的动力。除了机会之外,数字垄断也给企业家带来了新的威胁。平台改变了经济实体及其应用的行为模式。拒绝或同意利用互联网平台开展商业活动,会产生数字鸿沟。这对俄罗斯规模最大的小型企业——微型企业家——的影响并不明显。考虑到所有的微型企业家,包括那些没有在国家注册的人,累积的后果可能对创业生态系统非常重要。本文的目的是将科学方法系统化,以研究微型企业家向互联网平台大规模转型的前景和数字威胁。利用国外和俄罗斯出版物的内容分析方法,系统地从三个方向调查了转型问题:共享消费经济的后果,企业家行为模型的研究和认知扭曲。关于微型企业家向互联网平台过渡的前景和数字威胁的科学知识缺乏已经确立。科学意义在于这一科学领域的实现。在未来的研究中,有必要评估商业行为模型在互联网平台上传播的程度和动机。识别创业模式及其对企业家本人和创业生态系统的影响。
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引用次数: 0
To the discussion on transforming economic systems and designing from the future 对经济体制转型和未来设计的探讨
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-1-71-75-83
L. Karaseva
This discussion requires clarification and coordination of the subject of research, as well as avoiding a concrete aspect and linearity in the theoretical understanding of the qualitative changes taking place in the world and national economic systems. The author’s position is proposed, which consists in the necessity to comprehend the systemic transformation of the world economic system as an objective and subjective processes, based on the socio-economic transformation, the essence of which is the transition from state-monopolistic capitalism to global monopolistic capitalism. The need of theoretical awareness of the objective mechanism of the new technologies functioning is justified in the article. From the point of view of their social characteristics, these new technologies increasingly assume the quality of global ones (the study of socio-economic, objectively necessary organizational-economic, institutional relations and forms mediating their implementation). This will allow: to substantiate theoretically the measure of the ratio of stability and variability in the current economic system; the mechanism of modification and deformation; to understand the actual economic norms and forms as transformed forms of implementation of new technologies, inevitable during the formation of a new economic system; to design transitional norms and forms of realization of the emerging new technologies of global quality to ensure their socially effective introduction. The importance of politico-economic and subjective approaches to the analysis of the systemic quality of transformation is emphasized and illustrated by examples, which allow to avoid two extremes when choosing the way forward. They are: underestimating the influence of global financial capital on the policy of nation states through political, economic and financial instruments and institutions, as well as getting ahead through designing from the future.
这种讨论需要澄清和协调研究的主题,并避免在对世界和各国经济制度中发生的质变的理论理解中出现具体方面和线性关系。笔者的立场在于,必须将世界经济体系的系统性转型理解为一个客观的、主观的过程,而社会经济转型的实质是国家垄断资本主义向全球垄断资本主义的转变。对新技术运行的客观机制进行理论认识是有必要的。从其社会特征的角度来看,这些新技术越来越具有全球技术的性质(研究社会经济、客观上必要的组织-经济、体制关系和调解其实施的形式)。这将允许:从理论上证实当前经济体系中稳定性与可变性之比的度量;变质变形机理;将现实的经济规范和经济形式理解为新技术实施的转化形式,是新经济体系形成过程中不可避免的;设计具有全球质量的新兴新技术的过渡规范和实现形式,以确保其有效地引入社会。在分析转型的系统质量时,强调了政治经济和主观方法的重要性,并举例说明了这一点,从而在选择前进道路时避免了两个极端。他们是:低估了全球金融资本通过政治、经济和金融工具和制度对民族国家政策的影响,以及通过未来的设计来领先。
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引用次数: 0
Decentralized money. Resisting surveillance capitalism 分散的钱。抵制监视资本主义
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-1-71-129-136
V. B. Sirotkin
Modern changes in centralized money are under consideration. It is shown that private electronic money (cryptocurrency) acts as a means of resistance to the increase of government control over people.
中央集权货币的现代变化正在考虑之中。研究表明,私人电子货币(加密货币)是一种抵抗政府对人民控制增加的手段。
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引用次数: 0
On the Advantages of the Digital Approach to Solving the Problems of Economic Management in Innovative Production 论数字化解决创新生产中经济管理问题的优势
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-4-74-102-110
D. Demidenko, A. Kolesnikov
The article considers the issues of assessing the economic efficiency of investment activity in relation to the conditions of innovative production at enterprises based on the use of optimal programming approaches.
本文考虑了在使用最优规划方法的基础上,评估与企业创新生产条件有关的投资活动的经济效率问题。
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引用次数: 0
Modern Trends of Human Potential Development 人的潜能发展的现代趋势
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37930/1990-9780-2022-4-74-28-40
I. Molchanov
Theoretical aspects of the formation and practical implementation of human potential as a complex scientific category, the key component of which is education, are being studied. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the accumulation of human potential, manifested in the objective aspirations of various actors in the context of the transformation of geopolitical and mega-economic reality. The object of the study is the Russian education system, its characteristic features and influence on the accumulation of human potential. The subject of the study is the transformation of economic relations in the field of education in the context of changing goals of social development. The evolution of the essential characteristics of human potential and its relationship with educational potential and human intellectual capital is considered in the works of various scientists. Based on scientific publications and information sources, key indicators have been identified that characterize the contribution of the education system to the functioning and development of human potential; for a number of positions, the indicators were compared with the countries of the BRICS coalition and other foreign countries. It has been established that to measure the educational potential of the population, it is advisable to use such qualitative indicators as: 1) the level of education of the adult population and its component - the level of vocational education, 2) the number of students per 1000 people of the population; to reflect the demand for the educational potential of the population in the labour market, indicators of employment and unemployment are acceptable (in relation to the level of education); The rating of the domestic education system at the international level is characterized by the number of foreign students studying in Russian universities. Conclusions about the timeliness of updating the priorities of public and state policy in the direction of the internationalization of education and the intensification of activities to attract citizens of friendly foreign countries to receive professional education in Russia are made.
人的潜能作为一个复杂的科学范畴,其关键组成部分是教育,其形成和实际实施的理论方面正在进行研究。本文的目的是确定人类潜力积累的特征,这些特征表现在地缘政治和大经济现实转型背景下各种行动者的客观愿望中。本文研究的对象是俄罗斯的教育体制,其特点及其对人的潜能积累的影响。研究的主题是在社会发展目标不断变化的背景下,教育领域经济关系的转变。人类潜能本质特征的演变及其与教育潜能和人类智力资本的关系在许多科学家的著作中都得到了考虑。根据科学出版物和资料来源,已经确定了主要指标,这些指标是教育系统对人的潜力的运作和发展的贡献的特征;对于一些职位,这些指标与金砖国家联盟的国家和其他国家进行了比较。已经确定,为了衡量人口的教育潜力,建议使用以下定性指标:1)成年人口的教育水平及其组成部分-职业教育水平;2)每1000人的学生人数;为了反映劳动力市场对人口教育潜力的需求,就业和失业指数是可以接受的(就教育水平而言);国内教育体系在国际水平上的评级是以在俄罗斯大学学习的外国学生数量为特征的。在教育国际化方向上更新公共和国家政策的优先事项以及加强吸引友好国家公民到俄罗斯接受专业教育的活动的时效性方面做出了结论。
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Economic Revival of Russia
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