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Nowe technologie w systemie ochrony zdrowia na przykładzie Stanów Zjednoczonych i Polski
Pub Date : 2019-02-15 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.6
Anna Cuda
New technologies in healthcare systems based on the examples of the US and PolandThe main purpose of this paper is to present the level of new technologies implementation in the healthcare systems in US and Poland. New technologies play a crucial role in everyday life, including healthcare. Medical documentation and easy access to potentially life-changing or lifesaving information are extremely important for all the stakeholders in the healthcare system — its preparation, archiving and effective use in real time upon request may be supported by advanced systems. IT systems may improve security, medical services quality and efficiency of medical treatment, regardless of the type of healthcare system — private in the US and public in Poland. The results of surveys conducted by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the Polish Centrum Systemów Informacyjnych Ochrony Zdrowia [Center of Healthcare Information Systems] have been used in this paper.
基于美国和波兰的例子医疗保健系统中的新技术,本文的主要目的是提出在美国和波兰的医疗保健系统中的新技术实施水平。新技术在包括医疗保健在内的日常生活中发挥着至关重要的作用。对于医疗保健系统中的所有利益相关者来说,医疗文档和对可能改变生活或挽救生命的信息的便捷访问是极其重要的——先进的系统可以根据要求支持其准备、存档和实时有效使用。IT系统可以提高安全性、医疗服务质量和医疗效率,无论医疗保健系统的类型是美国的私人医疗系统还是波兰的公共医疗系统。本文使用了美国卫生系统药剂师协会和波兰中心Systemów Informacyjnych Ochrony Zdrowia[卫生保健信息系统中心]进行的调查结果。
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引用次数: 1
Starsi ludzie jako segment rynku reklamy w Polsce
Pub Date : 2019-02-15 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.4.3
Jerzy Widerski
Older people as a segment of the advertising market in PolandFor the purpose of this publication, current advertisements, in which there are protagonists symbolizing the older generation, were analyzed. In the publication the author presents the results of analyses of TV commercials broadcast from January 1 to May 15, 2018. The purpose of the observation was first of all to show the image of older people present in commercials and the visual and verbal means used for this purpose. The task of the analysis was also to present social roles assigned to the characters from commercials and the products categories and sub-categories, which are positioned in these spots. The aim of the article is to show the marketing aspect of old age, which is the buyer model created in current commercials.
老年人作为波兰广告市场的一部分。为了本出版物的目的,目前的广告,其中有象征老一代的主角,进行了分析。在该出版物中,作者展示了对2018年1月1日至5月15日播出的电视广告的分析结果。观察的目的首先是展示广告中出现的老年人形象以及为此目的使用的视觉和语言手段。分析的任务还包括展示商业广告中角色的社会角色,以及定位在这些广告中的产品类别和子类别。本文的目的是展示老年的营销方面,这是目前商业广告中创造的买家模式。
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引用次数: 0
The right to a clean environment: A warrant of sustainable development? 清洁环境权:可持续发展的保证?
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.2
Justyna Bazylińska-Nagler
The right to a clean environment: A warrant of sustainable development?Is sustainable development a policy goal or a legal rule? This paper deals with sustainable develop­ment as a legal term, and with the right to aclean environment as a human right. Through analyses of international courts case law it tries to prove that effective execution of the substantive right to a clean environment could improve the application of the sustainable development principle. Following the theory which states that the more legal instruments protecting the environment we apply, the more sustainable development is, this paper surveys the legal instruments of sustainable development that can be used as part of the environmental pillar of development. The paper focus­es on judicial protection instruments, considering both private and public interest litigation. The conclusion is that legal instruments for the application of sustainable development are inefficient or inadequate. The environment, often referred to as a“common concern” or as “common heritage” of mankind, has no standing before the courts.
清洁环境权:可持续发展的保证?可持续发展是政策目标还是法律规则?本文将可持续发展作为一个法律术语,并将清洁环境权作为一项人权。通过对国际法院判例法的分析,试图证明清洁环境实体权的有效实施可以促进可持续发展原则的适用。根据“保护环境的法律手段越多,发展就越具有可持续性”的理论,本文对可持续发展的法律手段进行了调查,这些法律手段可以作为发展的环境支柱的一部分。本文着眼于司法保护工具,考虑了私人和公共利益诉讼。结论是,适用可持续发展的法律文书效率低下或不够充分。环境通常被称为人类的“共同关切”或“共同遗产”,在法庭上没有地位。
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引用次数: 1
Wprowadzenie
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.1
W. Nowak, K. Szalonka
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引用次数: 0
Aplikacje mobilne typu fit — planowanie posiłków i dieta pod kontrolą technologii
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.5
Agnieszka Dejnaka
Fitness mobile applications: Meal planning and diet under technological controlMore and more people in Poland begin to check in detail what products they buy and what they con­sume every day. Some of these people are on adiet that reduces weight or try to match/plan meals to meet the needs of their body e.g. a sports training plan. Mobile applications come to their aid, as they facilitate the above processes related to meal planning and diet. The aim of the article is to present the results of qualitative research and critical analysis of mobile applications available on the market in the field of meal planning, introducing areduction diet and maintaining it. The article also attempts to answer the following questions: What is the assessment and expectations for fitness mobile applications by users? Are meal planning and diets under the control of technology a trend or a necessity?
在波兰,越来越多的人开始详细检查他们每天购买的产品和消费的内容。这些人中的一些人正在节食减肥或试图匹配/计划膳食以满足他们身体的需要,例如运动训练计划。移动应用程序可以帮助他们,因为它们促进了上述与膳食计划和饮食有关的过程。本文的目的是介绍定性研究的结果和在膳食计划领域的市场上可用的移动应用程序的批判性分析,介绍减少饮食和维持它。本文还试图回答以下问题:用户对健身移动应用的评估和期望是什么?饮食计划和饮食在技术的控制下是一种趋势还是一种必要?
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引用次数: 0
Dynamika rozwoju biegów masowych w Polsce — analiza statystyczna
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.6
Tomasz Waniowski, S. Żakowska
The dynamic of development of mass-participation running events in Poland: Statistical analysisThe quantitative development of mass-participation running events in Poland, especially in recent years, is huge. Nowadays, there are more than 4,000 runs organized every year and they are open for everyone. These running events have a different number of participants from as little as 10 people, up to even afew thousands and they are organized in many places by various institutions and or­ganizations. Furthermore, we can distingusih long-distance runs mainly marathons and half-mara­thons and shorter-distance runs e.g. 10 km.The aim of this of article is to analyze mass-participation running events in Poland statistically, taking into account many criteria: quantity, location, distance and sex. The following statistical methods are used: chain indexes and average annual rate of change. Statistical data were obtained directly from organizers, their websites and different publications about mass-participation running events in Poland. The authors present a versatile statistical view on Polish mass running events in tabular and chart forms.
波兰群众性跑步运动的发展动态:统计分析波兰群众性跑步运动的数量发展是巨大的,特别是近年来。如今,每年都有4000多场跑步比赛,对所有人开放。这些跑步活动的参与者人数各不相同,少则10人,多则数千人,由不同的机构和组织在许多地方组织。此外,我们还可以区分长距离跑(主要是马拉松和半程马拉松)和较短的距离跑(如10公里)。本文的目的是统计分析波兰群众参与的跑步赛事,考虑到许多标准:数量,地点,距离和性别。采用了以下统计方法:链指数和年平均变化率。统计数据直接从波兰的组织者、他们的网站和不同的出版物中获得。作者提出了一个通用的统计观点,波兰群众跑步事件的表格和图表形式。
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引用次数: 0
Legal and practical aspects of access to health care for persons with hearing loss in selected European countries 在某些欧洲国家,听力损失者获得医疗保健的法律和实际问题
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.7
K. Kulińska
Legal and practical aspects of access to health care for persons with hearing loss in selected European countriesThe article presents the outcomes of legal research combined with quantitative and qualitative re­search review concerning access to health care for people with hearing loss in selected European countries: United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany and Republic of Poland. The main ob­jective was to verify if and how this issue, especially communication and access to information, is solved in different legal systems. Secondly, by comparing the established legal framework in each country with available data on actual quality of healthcare provision, it was assessed whether any regularities between the chosen models of regulating rights of people with hearing loss and real-life adjustments for those patients can be detected. The objective scope of the research includes any type of hearing loss which affects spoken language communication, that is not only d/Deaf but also deafblind and hard of hearing persons, if only their primary and/or preferred way of communication is the not-spoken one. The main findings of the performed analysis are that key sources of barriers in access to healthcare are the lack of awareness on the side of both patients regarding their rights and healthcare providers specificity of hearing impairments and the fact that enhancements in the professional status of sign language interpreters and other communication assistants are needed.
在选定的欧洲国家,听力损失者获得医疗保健的法律和实践方面本文介绍了法律研究结合定量和定性研究综述的结果,这些研究综述涉及在选定的欧洲国家:联合王国、德意志联邦共和国和波兰共和国,听力损失者获得医疗保健。主要目的是核实在不同的法律制度中是否以及如何解决这一问题,特别是通讯和获取信息的问题。其次,通过将每个国家已建立的法律框架与有关医疗保健提供实际质量的现有数据进行比较,评估所选择的调节听力损失患者权利的模式与这些患者的现实调整之间是否存在规律性。本研究的客观范围包括影响口语交流的任何类型的听力损失,不仅包括聋哑人,也包括聋哑人和重听人,只要他们主要和/或首选的交流方式是非言语交流。所进行的分析的主要发现是,获得医疗保健的障碍的主要来源是患者对其权利和医疗保健提供者对听力障碍的特殊性缺乏认识,以及需要提高手语口译员和其他沟通助理的专业地位。
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引用次数: 0
Proekologiczne i prooszczędnościowe zachowania gospodarstw domowych jako konsumentów energii
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.3
E. Ropuszyńska-Surma, M. Węglarz
The pro-ecological and pro-saving behavior of households as energy consumersThe aim of the article is to indicate the changes related to households’ behavior linked to energy saving and pro-ecological activities. Therefore, the authors conducted acomparison analysis of the results of the nationwide Polish research about Polish ecological awareness and identified — as part of the Polish National Science Centre NCN project called “Modelling prosumers’ behavior on theenergy market” — pro-economical attitudes of households. The first part of this paper pre­sents the opinions of Poles about the possibilities of development of the different kinds of energy sources in Poland, taking into special consideration the development of renewable energy sources. In the second part of this paper the authors describe households’ behavior connected with saving energy. They analyzed pro-economical behavior such as: switching off lights in empty rooms, un­plugging phone chargers after use, using economical bulbs and unplugging devices that are not in use. The diversifying variables of behavior are: sex, age, income. The analysis of households’ behav­ior was supplemented with the analysis of pro-economical attitudes of Wroclaw university students.
家庭作为能源消费者的亲生态和亲环保行为本文的目的是表明家庭在节能和亲生态活动方面的行为变化。因此,作者对波兰全国范围内关于波兰生态意识的研究结果进行了比较分析,并确定了家庭的亲经济态度——作为波兰国家科学中心NCN项目的一部分,该项目名为“能源市场上产消费者行为建模”。本文的第一部分提出了波兰人对波兰发展不同种类能源的可能性的看法,特别考虑到可再生能源的发展。在本文的第二部分,作者描述了家庭与节能相关的行为。他们分析了亲经济行为,如:在空房间关灯,使用后拔掉手机充电器,使用节能型灯泡,拔掉不使用的设备的插头。行为的多样化变量是:性别、年龄、收入。在家庭行为分析的基础上,辅以弗罗茨瓦夫大学生亲经济态度的分析。
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引用次数: 3
Znaczenie innowacji technologicznych dla podnoszenia poziomu jakości życia mieszkańców miast — wybrane przykłady rozwiązań w polskich start-upach
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.4
A. Brdulak
The importance of technological innovations in raising the quality of life of city dwellers: Selected examples of solutions in Polish start-upsThe main goal of the study is to analyze technological solutions offered by start-ups, designed to im­prove the living standards of city dwellers. The text consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. In theoretical considerations, the author relies on selected literature items. The review of secondary sources first of all serves to define the concept of start-up, and then to expand and enrich the practical part with additional technological solutions for the described projects and this role is directly related to the purpose of the presented article. In the practical part, selected case studies were described and analyzed with reference to the results of the author’s own research. The research project was car­ried out by the author in 2016–2017 in cooperation with the Wroclaw Agglomeration Development Agency. Its aim was to analyze the start-up ecosystem in Wroclaw and to try to find an answer to the question about the importance of start-ups for the quality of life of city dwellers. Recommendations for the local authorities in Wroclaw on how to support ventures in entering the market and remain­ing there were of additional value. The project consisted of three parts. The first two were analyses of secondary sources, on the basis of which the necessary information was collected related to the definition of a start-up company and the current situation of enterprises in Poland and Wroclaw, and quantitative research in the form of an online survey on asample of n=108 start-ups from Wro­claw. The last stage of the research project was the qualitative part. It was in the form of individual interviews with start-ups and industry experts. Seven respondents took part in this component of the study. The result of the research was acharacterization of the start-up environment in Wroclaw. Answers to the questions asked in the questionnaire, supplemented by expert interviews, allowed to determine, among others, the branches in which Wroclaw start-ups operate, to identify the products offered by them and to extrapolate the results of start-ups’ situation to the whole of Poland. Based on the obtained knowledge, it was possible to present the importance of technological solutions of individual start-ups for the quality of life of city dwellers. According to the results of own research and the analysis of secondary sources, it can be stated that the presence of startups in urban space improves the quality of life of city dwellers, while also supporting the construction of social capital.
技术创新在提高城市居民生活质量方面的重要性:波兰初创企业解决方案的选定示例本研究的主要目标是分析初创企业提供的旨在提高城市居民生活水平的技术解决方案。本文由理论和实践两部分组成。在理论考虑方面,作者依赖于选定的文献项目。对二手资源的审查首先用于定义启动的概念,然后用所述项目的额外技术解决方案扩展和丰富实践部分,这一作用与本文的目的直接相关。在实践部分,结合笔者本人的研究成果,对选定的案例进行了描述和分析。该研究项目由作者于2016-2017年与弗罗茨瓦夫集聚发展署合作开展。其目的是分析弗罗茨瓦夫的创业生态系统,并试图找到创业公司对城市居民生活质量的重要性问题的答案。向弗罗茨瓦夫地方当局提出的关于如何支持企业进入市场和留在市场的建议具有附加价值。该项目由三部分组成。前两部分是对二手资料的分析,在此基础上收集了关于创业公司的定义以及波兰和弗罗茨瓦夫企业现状的必要信息,并以在线调查的形式对来自弗罗茨瓦夫的n=108家创业公司进行了定量研究。研究项目的最后阶段是定性部分。采访的形式是对初创企业和行业专家进行单独采访。七名受访者参加了这项研究的这一部分。研究结果是对弗罗茨瓦夫的创业环境进行了描述。通过回答问卷中提出的问题,辅以专家访谈,可以确定弗罗茨瓦夫初创企业经营的分支机构,确定它们提供的产品,并将初创企业的情况推断到整个波兰。根据所获得的知识,有可能提出个别初创企业的技术解决方案对城市居民生活质量的重要性。根据自己的研究结果和二手资料的分析,可以说创业公司在城市空间的存在提高了城市居民的生活质量,同时也支持了社会资本的建设。
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引用次数: 0
Warunki mieszkaniowe jako wyznacznik jakości życia osób niepełnosprawnych na przykładzie osób z dysfunkcją narządu wzroku
Pub Date : 2019-02-06 DOI: 10.19195/2084-4093.24.3.8
Agnieszka Sadowa
Housing conditions as a determinant of the quality of life of disabled people, based on the example of people with sight dysfunctionOne of the basic needs of a person is to have a place to live. Virtually everyone dreams of having their own place, to relax and feel safe. Such a space is an important place for people with disabilities, because it is often the only place that is tailored to their needs, where they feel safer than in any other spaces. Every citizen of the country has the right to housing, which is provided by numerous docu­ments and regulations.The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of housing conditions on the quality of life of people with disabilities. The following thesis has been formulated in the work: the disabled aim to improve the quality of their lives by changing housing conditions.Literature sources have been reviewed to define basic concepts, the results of previous studies have been correlated. After accessing the database, the results of the research carried out in March 2015 by the foundation “Nie widzę problemu” literally meaning “I do not see the problem” with involvement of employees and students of the University of Wroclaw have been compiled.The analysis shows that respondents most often live together with their parents and spend a large part of their income on purchases related to household appliances. As much as 60% of re­spondents do not own a flat. Approximately 68% find the buildings they live in are not suited to their needs, however only 23% of them try to get social housing.Translated by Karolina Riemel
住房条件作为残疾人生活质量的决定因素,以视力障碍患者为例一个人的基本需求之一是有一个居住的地方。几乎每个人都梦想有自己的地方,放松和感到安全。这样的空间对残疾人来说是一个重要的地方,因为它通常是唯一一个根据他们的需求量身定制的地方,在那里他们比在任何其他空间都感到更安全。该国的每个公民都有住房权,这是由许多文件和条例规定的。本文的目的是评估住房条件对残疾人生活质量的影响。工作中形成了以下论点:残疾人旨在通过改变住房条件来提高生活质量。本文回顾了文献资料,对基本概念进行了界定,并对前人的研究结果进行了关联。2015年3月,在弗罗茨瓦夫大学员工和学生的参与下,“我看不出有什么问题”基金会开展了一项研究,在访问数据库后,研究结果已被整理出来。分析显示,受访者最常与父母住在一起,并将大部分收入用于购买与家用电器相关的产品。多达60%的受访者没有住房。大约68%的人发现他们居住的建筑不适合他们的需求,但只有23%的人试图获得社会住房。Karolina Riemel翻译
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引用次数: 0
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Ekonomia Spoleczna
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