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Введение 一.导言
Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2022.47.1.2
Elisa Kriza, Michael Düring, Beata Waligórska-Olejniczak, Konrad Rachut
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引用次数: 0
Ироническое начало в фельетоне Киев-город Михаила Булгакова 基辅费列顿的讽刺开始-米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫的城市
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.9
Antoni Bortnowski
The subject of the article is the analysis of the image of Kiev, presented in Mikhail Bulgakov’s feuilleton Kiev, the City. This work has rarely been the subject of in-depth analysis, despite the fact that it is one of the few texts in which the writer presents the image of his hometown. A characteristic element of the description of Kiev’s past and present is the irony. It is noticeable in the title of the feuilleton, as well as in the names of its parts. The ironic image of Soviet Kiev stands in stark contrast to the vision of the city captured in the novel The White Guard. The analysis of the techniques used by the writer in the text of Kiev, the City (e.g. the naive narrator’s mask, a combination of pompous style and colloquial speech) is carried out in order to prove that the feuilleton, in its style and ideas expressed, also shows the author’s rejection of post-revolutionary reality and his attempt to overcome the trauma of the past through laughter. The ironic image of the Soviet reality on the background of eternal spiritual values makes Kiev, the City a harbinger of the problems covered inMikhail Bulgakov’s later works.
本文的主题是分析米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫的《基辅,城市》中呈现的基辅形象。这部作品很少被深入分析,尽管它是作者为数不多的呈现家乡形象的文本之一。讽刺是描述基辅过去和现在的一个特色元素。这一点在费伊尔顿号的名称以及各部分的名称中都很明显。苏联基辅的讽刺形象与小说《白色护卫队》中描绘的城市景象形成了鲜明对比。通过对作者在《基辅,城市》文本中使用的技巧(如天真的叙述者面具、浮夸的风格和口语的结合)的分析,以证明费伊尔顿在其风格和思想表达上也表现出作者对后革命现实的拒绝,以及他试图通过笑声克服过去的创伤。在永恒的精神价值背景下,苏联现实的讽刺形象使基辅成为布尔加科夫后期作品中所涉及问题的预兆。
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引用次数: 0
Метафора systema digestorium в русском лингвокультурном пространстве 俄语语言文化空间中的系统文摘隐喻
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.18
Andrzej Narloch
In recent years linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The aim of this paper is to introduce and describe ‘systema digestorium’ viewed from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor in Russian. It describes the process of creating such metaphors based on the notions of source and target domains. From a linguistic point of view, an interest arises to answer the question of how the functioning of such an important organ as the digestive system is reflected in the conceptualization of the surrounding world. This issue is important because the metaphorization is based on the use of everyday human experience, reflecting processes known to all human kind, including those of a physiological nature. The research material was taken from the national corpus of the Russian language and a number of dictionaries. The figurative meaning of activities related to grinding, swallowing, digesting food, as well as excreting food debris became the object of the research. The basic identifiers are the verbs: to chew, to swallow, to digest, to defecate. Each stage of the digestive system has its own specificity and concentrates on specific parts in viewing the world. In addition, the metaphor ‘systema digestorium’ is often used in Russianlinguaculture to convey the expressiveness and originality of a language.
近年来,语言学研究非常重视语言表达的语义方面。本文旨在从俄语的概念隐喻的角度介绍和描述“消化系统”。它描述了基于源域和目标域的概念创建此类隐喻的过程。从语言学的观点来看,回答像消化系统这样一个重要器官的功能是如何反映在对周围世界的概念化中的这个问题引起了人们的兴趣。这个问题很重要,因为隐喻是基于日常人类经验的使用,反映了所有人类都知道的过程,包括生理性质的过程。研究材料取自国家俄语语料库和一些词典。与研磨、吞咽、消化食物以及排泄食物残渣有关的活动的比喻意义成为了研究的对象。基本的标识是动词:咀嚼、吞咽、消化、排便。消化系统的每个阶段都有自己的特点,在观察世界时集中在特定的部位。此外,“消化系统”这个比喻在俄语文化中经常被用来表达语言的表现力和原创性。
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引用次数: 0
Świat jako tranzyt. Poetyka przestrzeni w poezji Gizelli Lachman 世界是一个中转站。吉泽拉·拉赫曼诗歌中的空间诗学
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.2
J. Brzykcy
The article is an analysis of the poetry of Gisella Lachman (1895–1969), poet of the “first wave” of Russian emigration, from the perspective of the poetics of space. The poet expressed her emigration experience (multiple changes of residence: Russia, Germany, Switzerland, USA) in her poems in spatial relations. They appear on different levels of the works’ morphology: in the construction of the lyrical “I”, in the organisation of the presented world, in the repertoire of motifs and the selection of poetic lexis and genre forms. Space plays a literal role in Lachman’s poetry; it is a representation of extra-literary reality, seen subjectively. It is also subject to metaphorisation, becoming a tool for expressing philosophical content. The poet creates not only a spatial model of the world, but also a spatial model of human life, which she perceives as a transit on the road to eternity.
本文从空间诗学的角度对俄罗斯“第一波”移民诗人吉塞拉·拉赫曼(1895-1969)的诗歌进行了分析。诗人在空间关系诗中表达了自己的移民经历(多次迁居:俄罗斯、德国、瑞士、美国)。它们出现在作品形态的不同层面:在抒情“我”的构建中,在呈现世界的组织中,在主题库中,以及在诗歌词汇和体裁形式的选择中。空间在拉赫曼的诗歌中起着字面意义上的作用;它是对文学外现实的一种表现,是主观的。它也受到隐喻的影响,成为表达哲学内容的工具。诗人不仅创造了世界的空间模型,而且创造了人类生活的空间模型。
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引用次数: 0
„Перед зарей вас родила земля, погибнете вы раньше звезд вечерних”. Роман-памфлет Юрия Домбровского Обезьяна приходит за своим черепом “在黎明前,大地生下了你,你会比夜晚的星星先死。”尤里·多姆布罗夫斯基的小说《猴子》来取头骨
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.10
Monika Knurowska
This article presents the thesis that the novel The ape is coming to pick up its skull (1943) by Yuri Dombrovsky bears the genre features of a pamphlet and the structure of the novel, which is subordinated to a didactic purpose – the work contains a warning against the dehumanization and degradation of culture. The novel aims to ridicule the fascists and their ideology. The narrator’s attitude towards all the fascist protagonists is dominated by irony and sarcasm. The character construction of the fascists is ruled by schematism. The narrator emphasizes the animal element in them. They are compared to an ape who is a caricature hybrid of a human and a monkey. The “monkey” traits and behaviours are highlighted in their portraits. In the novel, the dialogues and disputes of the main opponents serve to expose the cynical demagogy of fascism and its inability to create any universal values.
本文认为尤里·东布罗夫斯基的小说《猿来捡它的头骨》(1943)具有小册子的体裁特征,小说的结构服从于说教的目的——作品包含了对文化的非人化和退化的警告。这部小说旨在嘲笑法西斯主义者及其意识形态。叙述者对所有法西斯主角的态度都以讽刺和讽刺为主。法西斯分子的人格建构是由图式主义支配的。叙述者强调了其中的动物元素。他们被比作猿猴,猿猴是人类和猴子的混合体。“猴子”的特征和行为在他们的肖像中尤为突出。在小说中,主要对手的对话和争论暴露了法西斯主义的愤世嫉俗的蛊惑,以及它无法创造任何普遍价值。
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引用次数: 0
Пространства Марины Цветаевой 玛丽娜·茨维塔耶娃空间
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.3
Roman Voitekhovich
The hallmarks of space in Tsvetaeva’s poetic world are vertical orientation, two-worldness (many-worldness), measurability, and “immensity”, often expressed by asymmetry. Tsvetaeva’s model of the double world is presented both in its pure form and in a multilayer one (the model of “matryoshka” according to Lotman) with a hierarchical vertical correlation of spaces. The vertical sets the plots, stylistics, system of characters, system of time and expectations of the reader. Tsvetaeva is a bright representative of irrational tendencies in art, which manifest themselves against the background of rational ones, through their violation. Thus, The Attempt of a Room (1926) builds on an imaginary effort to present a hexagonal box of a rendezvous, but fails. The last poem I Keep Repeating the First Verse… (1940) is a poetic reaction to the “mistake in counting”: there should be not six but seven souls at the table. In one of her poems, Tsvetaeva calls herself “one who has edited the miracle with numbers”. This formula aphoristically expresses the nature of creativity asfirst intuitive search, and then rational design. The mathematical calculation of the composition of her books is an analogue of the metric-stanzaic “frame” of her lyrics. In the given proportions she often uses a deliberate failure by one unit (for example, in the collection From Two Books she adds one extra poem, which was originally missing in these two books).
茨维塔耶娃诗歌世界中的空间特征是垂直定向、两个世界性(多个世界性)、可测量性和“无限性”,通常用不对称来表达。Tsvetaeva的双重世界模型以其纯形式和多层形式(根据Lotman的“matryoshka”模型)提出,具有空间的层次垂直相关性。纵向设置了情节、文体、人物系统、时间系统和读者的期望。茨维塔耶娃是艺术中非理性倾向的杰出代表,这些非理性倾向是在理性倾向的背景下通过侵犯而表现出来的。因此,《房间的尝试》(1926)建立在一个想象中的尝试之上,试图呈现一个六边形的聚会盒子,但失败了。最后一首诗《我不断重复第一首诗…》(1940年)是对“计数错误”的诗意反应:桌子上不应该有六个而是七个灵魂。茨维塔耶娃在她的一首诗中称自己是“用数字编辑奇迹的人”。这个公式警句地表达了创造性的本质,首先是直观的搜索,然后是理性的设计。她的书的组成的数学计算是她歌词中公制诗节“框架”的模拟。在给定的比例中,她经常使用一个单元的故意失败(例如,在《来自两本书》一集中,她增加了一首额外的诗,这首诗最初在这两本书中缺失)。
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引用次数: 0
Językowy obraz dźwięku (na materiale polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych recenzji muzycznych) 语言声像(波兰和俄罗斯音乐评论材料)
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.17
Maria Dzienisiewicz
The aim of the article is to present the ways of conceptualization of sound in Polish and Russian musical critical texts. For the purpose of the article 145 examples in Polish and 145 examples in Russian were analyzed. The material has been divided into three groups based on the type of sense: a visual approach to sound impressions, a tactile approach to sound impressions and a tastebased approach to sound impressions. The analyzed research material was presented with the use of the linguistic worldview methodology, and grouped into categories. The results of the comparative analysis showed a multiplicity of similarities in the types of categories, as well as in the types of synaesthetic metaphors. The largest groups of conceptualizations are those with Aristotelian origin: QUALITY, SUBSTANCE and SHAPE. Synaesthetic metaphors based on the visual approach to sound impressions proved to be the most widespread. The analyzed texts have provided a huge variety of conceptualizations and synaesthetic metaphors in Polish and Russian musical critical texts which constitute a part of the linguistic worldview of sound.
本文的目的是介绍波兰和俄罗斯音乐批评文本中声音概念化的方法。为了本条的目的,分析了145个波兰文例子和145个俄文例子。材料根据感觉类型分为三组:视觉方法的声音印象,触觉方法的声音印象和基于品味的方法的声音印象。分析后的研究材料采用了语言学世界观方法论,并按类别进行了分组。对比分析结果表明,在范畴类型和联觉隐喻类型上存在多重相似性。最大的概念化群体是那些起源于亚里士多德的概念:质量、物质和形状。基于声音印象的视觉方法的联觉隐喻被证明是最普遍的。所分析的文本提供了波兰和俄罗斯音乐批评文本中各种各样的概念化和通感隐喻,构成了声音的语言世界观的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
„Die Moskauer Sonne scheint überall“. Die sowjetische Hauptstandt als Raum der Utopie in Das neue Moskau (1938) und Die Schweinepflegerin und der Hirt (1941) 莫斯科阳光普照1938年的新莫斯科,苏联的首都兼养猪和牧者(1941年)
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.4
Alexander Chertenko
Basing on Aleksandr Medvedkin’s New Moscow and Ivan Pyryev’s The Swineherd and the Shepherd, this case study analyses the way the “new” Moscow was represented as a space of realised utopia in the Soviet socialist realist films of the 1930s and at the beginning of the 1940s. Functioning as a supranational centre of the Soviet “affirmative action empire” (Terry Martin), the cinematographic Moscow casts off all constraints of ‘Russianness’ in order to become a pan-Soviet model which, both in its architecture and semantics, could epitomize the perfect city and the perfect state. The comparative analysis of both films demonstrates that, although both directors show Moscow through the lens of the so-called “spaces of celebration” (Mikhail Ryklin), ‘their’ Soviet capital does not compensate for the “traumas of the early phases of enforced urbanization”, as Ryklin supposed. Rather, it operates as a transformation machine whose impact pertains only to periphery and can be effective once the representatives of this periphery have left Moscow. The complex inclusion and exclusion mechanisms resulting from this logic turn the idealised Soviet capital into a space which only the guests from peripheral regions can perceive as utopian. The ensuing suppression ofthe inner perspectives on ‘utopian’ Moscow is interpreted here as a manifestation of the “cinematicunconscious”, which accounts for the anxieties of the inhabitants of the capital concerning both Stalinist terror and their own hegemony in a society haunted by the purges.
本文以亚历山大·梅德韦德金(Aleksandr Medvedkin)的《新莫斯科》(New Moscow)和伊万·皮尔耶夫(Ivan Pyryev。作为苏联“平权行动帝国”(特里·马丁饰)的超国家中心,电影《莫斯科》摆脱了“俄罗斯性”的所有限制,成为一个泛苏联模式,无论是在建筑还是语义上,都可以代表完美的城市和完美的国家。对这两部电影的比较分析表明,尽管两位导演都通过所谓的“庆祝空间”(米哈伊尔·雷克林饰)的镜头展示了莫斯科,但正如雷克林所说,“他们的”苏联首都并不能弥补“强制城市化早期阶段的创伤”。相反,它是一台转型机器,其影响只与外围国家有关,一旦外围国家的代表离开莫斯科,它就会发挥作用。这种逻辑产生的复杂的包容和排斥机制将理想化的苏联首都变成了一个只有来自周边地区的客人才能认为是乌托邦的空间。随之而来的对“乌托邦式”莫斯科内部视角的压制在这里被解释为“电影无意识”的表现,这解释了首都居民对斯大林主义恐怖和他们自己在一个被清洗所困扰的社会中的霸权的焦虑。
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引用次数: 0
Прагматическая функция интертекстем в веб-медиатекстах белорусских и российских интернет-СМИ 白俄罗斯和俄罗斯互联网媒体网络媒体的实用intertex函数
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.14
Alena Kalechyts
The article discusses the features of the functioning of phraseological units and other stable combinations in the headings of the media texts of Belarusian and Russian online newspapers. We analyze the pragmatic function of intertexts and present them as pointers to certain types of speech acts. The intent of the addressee is the most important factor in creating a text. It is usually reflected, directly or indirectly, in every communication product. The main purpose of media texts (or a hint of it) is contained in headings, especially when they are intertextemes, various renewable speech units that we classify according to the types of speech acts: representatives, rogatives,directives, commissives, contactives, declarations and expressives. Such headings are best used to perform a pragmatic function because they retain an emotional and evaluation component that stimulates communication with the mass recipient. These stable units (phraseological locutions, winged expressions and aphorisms, paroemias and compound terms) comprise the background knowledge of the participants in communication and are therefore productive language tools used by journalists in their practice. And very often the intertextemes are transformed or updated. Employees of “BelGazeta” and “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” use both the general phraseological fund of Belarusians and Russians and the national language means in web media texts. The headlines of “BelGazeta” havea distinctive feature, as they mix graphic and lexical systems of different languages (Russian, Belarusian,English and, less frequently, Ukrainian). This fact can be explained, firstly, by the tendency to widely spread the features of the conversational speech of Belarusians, trasyanka, in book speech styles. And, secondly, by the address policy of the publication of the named newspaper, which is aimed at the mass Belarusian reader. Following the use of occasionalisms, updated stable expressions, we also call the above feature a specific method of influencing the addressee.
本文探讨了白俄罗斯和俄罗斯网络报纸媒体文本标题中,词组单位和其他稳定组合的功能特点。我们分析了互文的语用功能,并将其作为特定类型言语行为的指针。收信人的意图是创建文本的最重要因素。它通常直接或间接地反映在每一个通信产品中。媒介语篇的主要目的(或暗示目的)包含在标题中,特别是当标题是互语时,即我们根据言语行为类型(代表、否定、指示、委托、联系词、声明和表达)对其进行分类的各种可更新的言语单位。这样的标题最好用来实现语用功能,因为它们保留了情感和评价成分,刺激了与广大收件人的交流。这些稳定的单位(措辞、有翼的表达和格言、偏语和复合术语)构成了交流参与者的背景知识,因此是记者在实践中使用的富有成效的语言工具。互质体经常会发生变化或更新。“BelGazeta”和“Rossiyskaya Gazeta”的员工在网络媒体文本中既使用白俄罗斯人和俄罗斯人的通用词汇,也使用民族语言。“BelGazeta”的标题有一个独特的特点,因为它们混合了不同语言的图形和词汇系统(俄语、白俄罗斯语、英语,以及不太常见的乌克兰语)。这一事实可以解释为,首先,白俄罗斯人的对话语言特征(trasyanka)在书本语言风格中广泛传播的趋势。其次,通过命名报纸出版的地址政策,该报纸针对的是白俄罗斯的广大读者。在使用偶尔性、更新的稳定表达之后,我们也称上述特征为影响收件人的特定方法。
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引用次数: 0
Travelling to the described present: mago-space in the Strugatskys’ Monday starts on Saturday 前往所描述的现在:斯特鲁加茨基周一的mago空间从周六开始
Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.14746/strp.2021.46.2.7
Наталья Тулякова, Наталья Никитина
Fantasy and science fiction genres extensively use imaginary settings and locations different from realistic ones but striving to look real. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, pioneers of the science fiction genre in Russia, actively exploited the potential of both genres in their early tale, Monday starts on Saturday (1964), which combines features of the two space types. The present paper analyses the principles of creating ‘mago-space’ in the book. To do so, we look at the spatial organization of the events involved in the plot and the personages’ ideas regarding space. The research will enable us to clarify the role of space in conveying the authors’ message, which in this tale is quite explicit. We argue that the space changes significantly within the book, accompanying genre transformations and the development of the protagonist. Since the tale uses ‘mental sublocations’ as the main units of spatial organization, each part is determined by a certain type of cultural heritage. In the first part, it is the mental space of folklore and classical literature, in the second – that of mythology and science fiction, and in the final – philosophy and science. Mental spaces that coexist and follow various laws form a narrative which turns out to be a journey to the described present in the variety of its forms.
幻想和科幻小说广泛使用不同于现实的想象场景和地点,但力求看起来真实。俄罗斯科幻小说类型的先驱阿尔卡迪和鲍里斯·斯特鲁加茨基在他们的早期故事《星期一周六》(1964年)中积极挖掘了这两种类型的潜力,该故事结合了这两个空间类型的特点。本文分析了该书中创造“mago空间”的原则。为了做到这一点,我们观察情节中涉及的事件的空间组织以及人物对空间的想法。这项研究将使我们能够阐明空间在传达作者信息方面的作用,在这个故事中,这一点非常明确。我们认为,书中的空间发生了重大变化,伴随着类型的转变和主人公的发展。由于故事使用“心理亚位置”作为空间组织的主要单元,每个部分都由特定类型的文化遗产决定。第一部分是民间传说和古典文学的心理空间,第二部分是神话和科幻小说的心理空间;最后是哲学和科学的心理空间。共存并遵循各种规律的心理空间形成了一种叙事,它以各种形式走向所描述的当下。
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引用次数: 0
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Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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