Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351986
A. Ito, Hirokazu Akiyama, Yasunori Yamamoto, Y. Kawabe, M. Kamihira
Skeletal muscular tissues were constructed using magnetic force-based tissue engineering (Mag-TE) techniques. Mouse myoblast C2C12 cells labeled with magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) were seeded into a well of 24-well ultra-low cell attachment culture plates. When a magnet was positioned underneath the well, cells accumulated evenly onto the culture surface and formed a multilayered cell sheet. Furthermore, because an angiogenic potential of transplants is considered to be important for the long-term maintenance of cell survival and tissue functions, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene-modified C2C12 (C2C12/VEGF) cell sheets were also fabricated by the Mag-TE technique. The secretion level of C2C12/VEGF sheets was 3.0 ng/day, indicating that VEGF gene-expressing cell sheets were successfully fabricated. Since the shape of artificial tissue constructs can be controlled by magnetic force, a cellular string-like assembly was formed by placing a linear-shaped magnetic field concentrator with a magnet. These cellular sheets and strings shrank and did not maintain their shapes for an additional in vitro culture period during myogenic differentiation. On the other hand, when a silicone plug was positioned at the center of well during the fabrication of cell sheets, the cell sheets shrank and formed a ring-like assembly around the plug. After 6-d cultivation of cell rings in differentiation medium, the C2C12 cells differentiated to form multinucleated myotubes. Thus, these procedures can provide a novel strategy for skeletal muscular tissue engineering.
{"title":"Skeletal muscle tissue engineering using functional magnetite nanoparticles","authors":"A. Ito, Hirokazu Akiyama, Yasunori Yamamoto, Y. Kawabe, M. Kamihira","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351986","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscular tissues were constructed using magnetic force-based tissue engineering (Mag-TE) techniques. Mouse myoblast C2C12 cells labeled with magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) were seeded into a well of 24-well ultra-low cell attachment culture plates. When a magnet was positioned underneath the well, cells accumulated evenly onto the culture surface and formed a multilayered cell sheet. Furthermore, because an angiogenic potential of transplants is considered to be important for the long-term maintenance of cell survival and tissue functions, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene-modified C2C12 (C2C12/VEGF) cell sheets were also fabricated by the Mag-TE technique. The secretion level of C2C12/VEGF sheets was 3.0 ng/day, indicating that VEGF gene-expressing cell sheets were successfully fabricated. Since the shape of artificial tissue constructs can be controlled by magnetic force, a cellular string-like assembly was formed by placing a linear-shaped magnetic field concentrator with a magnet. These cellular sheets and strings shrank and did not maintain their shapes for an additional in vitro culture period during myogenic differentiation. On the other hand, when a silicone plug was positioned at the center of well during the fabrication of cell sheets, the cell sheets shrank and formed a ring-like assembly around the plug. After 6-d cultivation of cell rings in differentiation medium, the C2C12 cells differentiated to form multinucleated myotubes. Thus, these procedures can provide a novel strategy for skeletal muscular tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126438854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351788
P. Pal, Kazuo Sato
The present research reports the fabrication techniques for the formation of complex three dimensional structures. The process is developed using very economic wet anisotropic etching in pure and surfactant Triton X−100 [C14H22O(C2H4O)n, n= 9–10] added 25 wt% tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solutions. The structures are fabricated in single and nitride-based silicon on insulator (SOI) Si{100} wafers. In single wafer, both fixed and suspended structures are manufactured, while in SOI wafers only freestanding structures are realized. The present research is aimed to enhance the range of 3D structures fabricated using wet etching.
{"title":"Wet etched complex three dimensional MEMS structures","authors":"P. Pal, Kazuo Sato","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351788","url":null,"abstract":"The present research reports the fabrication techniques for the formation of complex three dimensional structures. The process is developed using very economic wet anisotropic etching in pure and surfactant Triton X−100 [C<inf>14</inf>H<inf>22</inf>O(C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>4</inf>O)<inf>n</inf>, n= 9–10] added 25 wt% tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solutions. The structures are fabricated in single and nitride-based silicon on insulator (SOI) Si{100} wafers. In single wafer, both fixed and suspended structures are manufactured, while in SOI wafers only freestanding structures are realized. The present research is aimed to enhance the range of 3D structures fabricated using wet etching.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134490349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351913
K. Ui-Tei, K. Nishi, Y. Naito, S. Zenno, Aya Juni, K. Saigo
Previously, we showed that DNA replacement of the seed-containing region of class I siRNAs significantly reduced the off-target effect without substantial loss of target gene silencing activity (Ui-Tei et al, Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 2136–2151, 2008). Separately, we also showed that the level of the off-target effect due to non-modified class I siRNA is determined primarily by the calculated melting temperature (Tm) of the seed-target duplex, indicating that, at least in class I-siRNA-mediated gene silencing, Tm or thermodynamic stability of the complex between the siRNA seed and target mRNA is the most important factor determining the degree of off-target effects (Ui-Tei et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 7100–7109, 2008). Here, using non-modified siRNAs other than class I siRNAs and DNA-seed-containing siRNAs, we examined the relationship between the thermodynamic stability of the seed-target duplex and the degree of the off-target effect. We found that the degree of the off-target effects is generally determined primarily by the Tm of the corresponding seed-target duplex, indicating that its thermodynamic stability is the most important general determinant of the degree of the off-target effect in gene silencing.
{"title":"Reduced base-base interactions between the DNA seed and RNA target are the major determinants of a significant reduction in the off-target effect due to DNA-seed-containing siRNA","authors":"K. Ui-Tei, K. Nishi, Y. Naito, S. Zenno, Aya Juni, K. Saigo","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351913","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, we showed that DNA replacement of the seed-containing region of class I siRNAs significantly reduced the off-target effect without substantial loss of target gene silencing activity (Ui-Tei et al, Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 2136–2151, 2008). Separately, we also showed that the level of the off-target effect due to non-modified class I siRNA is determined primarily by the calculated melting temperature (Tm) of the seed-target duplex, indicating that, at least in class I-siRNA-mediated gene silencing, Tm or thermodynamic stability of the complex between the siRNA seed and target mRNA is the most important factor determining the degree of off-target effects (Ui-Tei et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 36, 7100–7109, 2008). Here, using non-modified siRNAs other than class I siRNAs and DNA-seed-containing siRNAs, we examined the relationship between the thermodynamic stability of the seed-target duplex and the degree of the off-target effect. We found that the degree of the off-target effects is generally determined primarily by the Tm of the corresponding seed-target duplex, indicating that its thermodynamic stability is the most important general determinant of the degree of the off-target effect in gene silencing.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132404437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351755
M. Rokunuzzaman, K. Sekiyama, T. Fukuda
This paper introduces a new decision making criteria by which the Region of Interest (ROI) is selected and evaluated. This criterion is based on Human psychology of relevance in visual perception. The experimental results are validated by comparing with Eye tracker system and Human evaluation measured by Subjective Correlation value for each ROI.
{"title":"A new decision making criteria of ROI evaluation in video sequences and comparison with human evaluation psychology","authors":"M. Rokunuzzaman, K. Sekiyama, T. Fukuda","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351755","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new decision making criteria by which the Region of Interest (ROI) is selected and evaluated. This criterion is based on Human psychology of relevance in visual perception. The experimental results are validated by comparing with Eye tracker system and Human evaluation measured by Subjective Correlation value for each ROI.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131160297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351955
H. Ogasawara, A. Kori, Kayoko Yamada, Kaneyoshi Yamamoto, A. Ishihama
Under stressful conditions in nature, Escherichia coli forms biofilms for long-term survival. Curli fimbriae are an essential architecture for cell-cell contacts within biofilms. Structural components and assembly factors of curli are encoded by two divergently arranged operons, csgBA and csgDEFG, which are regulated by the csgD gene product. Thus, CsgD is a master regulator of bacterial biofilm formation. Reflecting the response of biofilm formation to various external factors and conditions, the csgD promoter is under the control of multiple transcription factors including CRP, CpxR, Crl, H-NS, IHF, MlrA, OmpR, RcsB and RstA. We have conducted a systematic analysis of the regulation mechanism of the csgD promoter by these multiple transcription factors. After the DNA binding assays in vitro of various combinations of these factors with various segments of the csgD promoter as DNA probes, we realized not only competition between positive and negative regulators but also cooperative interplay within both positive and negative factor groups. These findings raise a regulation model, in which the csgD promoter is controlled by the relative levels of functional molecules of these transcription factors.
{"title":"Regulation of the E. coli csgD gene encoding the master regulator of biofilm formation: Interplay between multiple transcription factors","authors":"H. Ogasawara, A. Kori, Kayoko Yamada, Kaneyoshi Yamamoto, A. Ishihama","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351955","url":null,"abstract":"Under stressful conditions in nature, Escherichia coli forms biofilms for long-term survival. Curli fimbriae are an essential architecture for cell-cell contacts within biofilms. Structural components and assembly factors of curli are encoded by two divergently arranged operons, csgBA and csgDEFG, which are regulated by the csgD gene product. Thus, CsgD is a master regulator of bacterial biofilm formation. Reflecting the response of biofilm formation to various external factors and conditions, the csgD promoter is under the control of multiple transcription factors including CRP, CpxR, Crl, H-NS, IHF, MlrA, OmpR, RcsB and RstA. We have conducted a systematic analysis of the regulation mechanism of the csgD promoter by these multiple transcription factors. After the DNA binding assays in vitro of various combinations of these factors with various segments of the csgD promoter as DNA probes, we realized not only competition between positive and negative regulators but also cooperative interplay within both positive and negative factor groups. These findings raise a regulation model, in which the csgD promoter is controlled by the relative levels of functional molecules of these transcription factors.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133101552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351857
Y. Kurata, N. Suzuki, R. Hino, E. Shamoto
Chatter vibration in milling often results in poor surface finish and rapid tool wear, consequently limiting productivity. Thus, chatter suppression is one of the most important themes in industry. Self-excited chatter vibration in milling is generally caused by two kinds of mechanisms, i.e., regeneration and mode-coupling, and both mechanisms should be handled simultaneously to suppress the chatter vibration. Since the mode-coupling can be restricted by separating the natural frequencies of the vibration modes, it has been considered that use of an anisotropic rotating tool is effective on suppressing the chatter vibration in milling. However, the practical effects of the several parameters have not been revealed because it was difficult to predict the chatter stability accurately. On the other hand, the accurate analytical model of the milling process with the anisotropic rotating tool have been developed and verified experimentally by the authors. In order to reveal the practical chatter suppression effect of the anisotropic rotation tool, several cutting conditions, i.e., the immersion angle, the spindle speed and the number of flutes, on the chatter stability are investigated with the developed analytical model in the present study. By comparing the analytical results, it is confirmed that the mode-coupling is restricted and the stability limit in the axial depth of cut increases especially within the low spindle speed range by using the anisotropic rotating tool. The chatter suppression effect also depends on the radial depth of cut considerably. The relationships between the tool conditions, such as the difference of the natural frequencies and flute's angular position, and the chatter suppression effect are also investigated, and it is revealed that both affect the chatter stability significantly.
{"title":"Chatter suppression in milling with anisotropic tools","authors":"Y. Kurata, N. Suzuki, R. Hino, E. Shamoto","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351857","url":null,"abstract":"Chatter vibration in milling often results in poor surface finish and rapid tool wear, consequently limiting productivity. Thus, chatter suppression is one of the most important themes in industry. Self-excited chatter vibration in milling is generally caused by two kinds of mechanisms, i.e., regeneration and mode-coupling, and both mechanisms should be handled simultaneously to suppress the chatter vibration. Since the mode-coupling can be restricted by separating the natural frequencies of the vibration modes, it has been considered that use of an anisotropic rotating tool is effective on suppressing the chatter vibration in milling. However, the practical effects of the several parameters have not been revealed because it was difficult to predict the chatter stability accurately. On the other hand, the accurate analytical model of the milling process with the anisotropic rotating tool have been developed and verified experimentally by the authors. In order to reveal the practical chatter suppression effect of the anisotropic rotation tool, several cutting conditions, i.e., the immersion angle, the spindle speed and the number of flutes, on the chatter stability are investigated with the developed analytical model in the present study. By comparing the analytical results, it is confirmed that the mode-coupling is restricted and the stability limit in the axial depth of cut increases especially within the low spindle speed range by using the anisotropic rotating tool. The chatter suppression effect also depends on the radial depth of cut considerably. The relationships between the tool conditions, such as the difference of the natural frequencies and flute's angular position, and the chatter suppression effect are also investigated, and it is revealed that both affect the chatter stability significantly.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131215077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351959
E. Avci, K. Ohara, T. Takubo, Y. Mae, T. Arai
Micro robotics is a significant area to be able to manipulate micro level objects dexterously. Until now, various micro manipulation systems have been presented. In micro environment, different kinds of objects have different dimensions. Some of them are a few micrometers (µm) such as donor cells, some of them are more than a hundred µm such as egg cells. At this point, a manipulator which has multi-scale manipulation ability can manipulate different size objects. Otherwise, for different diameter objects, different micro-hands are necessary. Furthermore, when we want to manipulate micro objects, manipulation distance is not always same. Because, with micro hand, we do not just want to grasp or rotate the objects, sometimes we could also want to carry the object from one micro environment to another one. Therefore, workspace of micro manipulator is also important for various micro tasks. In this paper, we propose a new micro manipulation system which includes parallel mechanism for grasping and releasing tasks. This new system has ability of multi-scale manipulation, which means manipulation of different size objects with same micro hand. Moreover, short distance (nm) and long distances carriage (mm) are feasible with this micro manipulator.
{"title":"A new multi-scale micromanipulation system with dexterous motion","authors":"E. Avci, K. Ohara, T. Takubo, Y. Mae, T. Arai","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351959","url":null,"abstract":"Micro robotics is a significant area to be able to manipulate micro level objects dexterously. Until now, various micro manipulation systems have been presented. In micro environment, different kinds of objects have different dimensions. Some of them are a few micrometers (µm) such as donor cells, some of them are more than a hundred µm such as egg cells. At this point, a manipulator which has multi-scale manipulation ability can manipulate different size objects. Otherwise, for different diameter objects, different micro-hands are necessary. Furthermore, when we want to manipulate micro objects, manipulation distance is not always same. Because, with micro hand, we do not just want to grasp or rotate the objects, sometimes we could also want to carry the object from one micro environment to another one. Therefore, workspace of micro manipulator is also important for various micro tasks. In this paper, we propose a new micro manipulation system which includes parallel mechanism for grasping and releasing tasks. This new system has ability of multi-scale manipulation, which means manipulation of different size objects with same micro hand. Moreover, short distance (nm) and long distances carriage (mm) are feasible with this micro manipulator.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131532167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351752
Yuki Okuzawa, Shohei Kato, M. Kanoh, H. Itoh
A knowledge-based approach to imitation learning of motion generation for humanoid robots and an imitative motion generation system based on motion knowledge learning and reuse are described. The system has three parts: recognizing, learning, and modifying parts. The first part recognizes an instructed motion distinguishing it from the motion knowledge database by the continuous hidden markov model. When the motion is recognized as being unfamiliar, the second part learns it using locally weighted regression and acquires a knowledge of the motion. When a robot recognizes the instructed motion as familiar or judges that its acquired knowledge is applicable to the motion generation, the third part imitates the instructed motion by modifying a learned motion. This paper reports some performance results: the motion imitation of several radio gymnastics motions.
{"title":"Acquisition and modification of motion knowledge using continuous HMMs for motion imitation of humanoids","authors":"Yuki Okuzawa, Shohei Kato, M. Kanoh, H. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351752","url":null,"abstract":"A knowledge-based approach to imitation learning of motion generation for humanoid robots and an imitative motion generation system based on motion knowledge learning and reuse are described. The system has three parts: recognizing, learning, and modifying parts. The first part recognizes an instructed motion distinguishing it from the motion knowledge database by the continuous hidden markov model. When the motion is recognized as being unfamiliar, the second part learns it using locally weighted regression and acquires a knowledge of the motion. When a robot recognizes the instructed motion as familiar or judges that its acquired knowledge is applicable to the motion generation, the third part imitates the instructed motion by modifying a learned motion. This paper reports some performance results: the motion imitation of several radio gymnastics motions.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125501276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351980
O. Mazda, T. Kishida, M. Matsui, H. Nakano, Koichiro Yoshimoto, Taketoshi Shimada, S. Nakai, Jiro Imanishr, Y. Hisa
Genetic transfection is a fundamental technology required for analysis and control of cells and tissues. The efficiency of gene transfection is drastically improved by using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene and oriP, which are derived from EBV genome, as components of plasmid vectors to be combined with various non-viral gene transfer vehicles. By means of the multiscale manipulation procedures, we analyzed intracellular distribution of EBNA1 and oriP sequence after transfected the EBNA1/oriP-bearing plasmid vectors (EBV-based episomal vectors) after transfected into mammalian cells, and estimated its implication to the high rate transfection of the EBV-based episomal vectors. Because the EBNA1 plays pleiotrophic roles in transfected cells, we also evaluated contribution of each function of the molecule to the transfection and expression efficiency of the vectors. Beside these studies on basic aspects of the EBNA1/oriP system, we assessed possible application of the EBV-based episomal vectors to regenerative medicine and gene therapy. For example, in vivo activities of various cytokines were tested in normal as well as diseased animals by transfecting them in vivo with the EBV-based episomal vectors carrying expression units for the cytokine genes. Thus, systemic administration of the interleukin-27 (IL-27) gene into the mice that had been transplanted with squamous cell carcinoma resulted in significant suppression of the growth of the tumor, which was mediated by the cooperation of the tumor-specific IgG antibody that was induced by IL-27 and the natural killer (NK) cells of which cytotoxic activity was also enhanced by the cytokine. IL-28 gene also suppressed the tumor in the similar experimental setting using the squamous cell carcinoma, but unlike the mechanism of IL-27-mediated anti-tumor effect, the tumor inhibition resulted from IL-28 gene transfer may be mediated by induction of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while coadministration of a chemotherapeutic agent significantly enhanced the IL-28-mediated tumor suppression. There findings may propose novel gene therapy and immunotherapy procedures to concur malignancies, while the highly efficient and long-term persistent exogenous gene expression accomplished by the EBV-based episomal vector may also provide a powerful means for stem cell study and regenerative medicine for human diseases.
{"title":"Nonviral gene administration by means of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based episomal vectors and it application to gene therapy and regenerative medicine","authors":"O. Mazda, T. Kishida, M. Matsui, H. Nakano, Koichiro Yoshimoto, Taketoshi Shimada, S. Nakai, Jiro Imanishr, Y. Hisa","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351980","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic transfection is a fundamental technology required for analysis and control of cells and tissues. The efficiency of gene transfection is drastically improved by using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene and oriP, which are derived from EBV genome, as components of plasmid vectors to be combined with various non-viral gene transfer vehicles. By means of the multiscale manipulation procedures, we analyzed intracellular distribution of EBNA1 and oriP sequence after transfected the EBNA1/oriP-bearing plasmid vectors (EBV-based episomal vectors) after transfected into mammalian cells, and estimated its implication to the high rate transfection of the EBV-based episomal vectors. Because the EBNA1 plays pleiotrophic roles in transfected cells, we also evaluated contribution of each function of the molecule to the transfection and expression efficiency of the vectors. Beside these studies on basic aspects of the EBNA1/oriP system, we assessed possible application of the EBV-based episomal vectors to regenerative medicine and gene therapy. For example, in vivo activities of various cytokines were tested in normal as well as diseased animals by transfecting them in vivo with the EBV-based episomal vectors carrying expression units for the cytokine genes. Thus, systemic administration of the interleukin-27 (IL-27) gene into the mice that had been transplanted with squamous cell carcinoma resulted in significant suppression of the growth of the tumor, which was mediated by the cooperation of the tumor-specific IgG antibody that was induced by IL-27 and the natural killer (NK) cells of which cytotoxic activity was also enhanced by the cytokine. IL-28 gene also suppressed the tumor in the similar experimental setting using the squamous cell carcinoma, but unlike the mechanism of IL-27-mediated anti-tumor effect, the tumor inhibition resulted from IL-28 gene transfer may be mediated by induction of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while coadministration of a chemotherapeutic agent significantly enhanced the IL-28-mediated tumor suppression. There findings may propose novel gene therapy and immunotherapy procedures to concur malignancies, while the highly efficient and long-term persistent exogenous gene expression accomplished by the EBV-based episomal vector may also provide a powerful means for stem cell study and regenerative medicine for human diseases.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129287390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1109/MHS.2009.5351844
Kazuya Kubo, T. Miyoshi, K. Terashima
So far, a lot of lift walkers have developed to help patients. However, the use of the conventional lift walkers may change the walking posture and reduce curative effect. In this paper, the walk using the lift walker is analyzed and the method to support appropriate walk is suggested. First, the walk in accordance with graded weight is measured with 3D motion analysis system. Next, variation of velocity, step length, term, and each joint of walk are evaluated. Finally, the method which does not change the walking posture is proposed. As the result, it is clarified that the lift walkers obstruct the motion of hip, knee, and foot joint.
{"title":"Influence of lift walker for human walk and suggestion of walker device with power assistance","authors":"Kazuya Kubo, T. Miyoshi, K. Terashima","doi":"10.1109/MHS.2009.5351844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.2009.5351844","url":null,"abstract":"So far, a lot of lift walkers have developed to help patients. However, the use of the conventional lift walkers may change the walking posture and reduce curative effect. In this paper, the walk using the lift walker is analyzed and the method to support appropriate walk is suggested. First, the walk in accordance with graded weight is measured with 3D motion analysis system. Next, variation of velocity, step length, term, and each joint of walk are evaluated. Finally, the method which does not change the walking posture is proposed. As the result, it is clarified that the lift walkers obstruct the motion of hip, knee, and foot joint.","PeriodicalId":344667,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121747646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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