A direct field orientation controller for synchronous reluctance motors based on determination of the spiral position of the air gap flux from the third harmonic component of the stator phase voltages is presented. The control utilizes the spatial saturation harmonic components rotating at synchronous frequency that are generated in the air gap flux when the machine operates in a saturated condition. When the machine is wye connected, the sum of three-phase voltages results in a signal dominated by the third harmonic component. Using this signal, a completely sensorless drive is implemented which can successfully synchronously start the reluctance motor from zero speed. Extensive experimental results showing the effect of different estimation schemes and practical problems of detecting the flux position from the harmonic voltage signal are presented.<>
{"title":"Position sensorless synchronous reluctance motor drive using the stator phase voltage third harmonic","authors":"L. Kreindler, A. Testa, T. Lipo","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298878","url":null,"abstract":"A direct field orientation controller for synchronous reluctance motors based on determination of the spiral position of the air gap flux from the third harmonic component of the stator phase voltages is presented. The control utilizes the spatial saturation harmonic components rotating at synchronous frequency that are generated in the air gap flux when the machine operates in a saturated condition. When the machine is wye connected, the sum of three-phase voltages results in a signal dominated by the third harmonic component. Using this signal, a completely sensorless drive is implemented which can successfully synchronously start the reluctance motor from zero speed. Extensive experimental results showing the effect of different estimation schemes and practical problems of detecting the flux position from the harmonic voltage signal are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"48 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120850522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yamane, Y. Kaneko, N. Kitahara, K. Ohshima, M. Yamamoto
The sensing and control of weld pool depth in robotic welding are discussed. A neural network-based method for measuring the depth is proposed, since the depth cannot be directly measured in real time. The weld pool depth is estimated by using the information obtained from the welding side. The surface shape of the weld pool and the width of the groove gap can be measured during the welding. The weld pool depth can also be measured after the welding. Training data were constructed from these numerical data. When the width of the groove gap changes, the weld pool depth changes too. The feedforward control system for the variation of the groove gap width just under the electrode can be constructed by observing the groove gap width before the electrode. The feedback control system was constructed in order to keep the output of the neural network constant. The fuzzy control system was constructed from the feedback control part and the feedforward control part. The validity of a neuro-fuzzy controller was verified by welding experiments.<>
{"title":"Neural network and fuzzy control of weld pool with welding robot","authors":"S. Yamane, Y. Kaneko, N. Kitahara, K. Ohshima, M. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299169","url":null,"abstract":"The sensing and control of weld pool depth in robotic welding are discussed. A neural network-based method for measuring the depth is proposed, since the depth cannot be directly measured in real time. The weld pool depth is estimated by using the information obtained from the welding side. The surface shape of the weld pool and the width of the groove gap can be measured during the welding. The weld pool depth can also be measured after the welding. Training data were constructed from these numerical data. When the width of the groove gap changes, the weld pool depth changes too. The feedforward control system for the variation of the groove gap width just under the electrode can be constructed by observing the groove gap width before the electrode. The feedback control system was constructed in order to keep the output of the neural network constant. The fuzzy control system was constructed from the feedback control part and the feedforward control part. The validity of a neuro-fuzzy controller was verified by welding experiments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122661664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author discusses a new application for a computer program called Lights, i.e., modeling the thermal characterization of fluorescent fixtures. This program is a powerful tool for the fixture designer because it handles the interaction between thermal heat transfer and lumen output of the fixture. The designer is able to evaluate changes in ballast location, lamp types, geometry of fixture, and material of construction. The program can run on a PC and the number of nodes can be selected depending on accuracy. The author shows the ease of using this computer program and outlines the effect of the number of lamps on the temperatures within the fixture as an example.<>
{"title":"Thermal characterization of fluorescent fixtures","authors":"E.V. Clancy","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299202","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses a new application for a computer program called Lights, i.e., modeling the thermal characterization of fluorescent fixtures. This program is a powerful tool for the fixture designer because it handles the interaction between thermal heat transfer and lumen output of the fixture. The designer is able to evaluate changes in ballast location, lamp types, geometry of fixture, and material of construction. The program can run on a PC and the number of nodes can be selected depending on accuracy. The author shows the ease of using this computer program and outlines the effect of the number of lamps on the temperatures within the fixture as an example.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128899184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A self-adjusting diagnostic system for monitoring the frequency trimming process is described. The SAFUDS (self-adjusting fuzzy diagnostic system) is capable of adjusting its knowledge to the changes with two incorporated neural networks serving as a convenient online process monitoring system. The development of the SAFUDS not only fulfills the requirement of automating the diagnostics of the trimming process, but it also demonstrates the advantage of fuzzy logic over conventional logic in implementing the system. The use of fuzzy logic avoids the rigidity of conventional reasoning where it is difficult to process information that is definite or imprecise. One of the major advantages of the fuzzy monitoring strategy lies in the intelligibility and flexibility by which the process condition and control actions can be described directly from the experience and advice of an expert. With fuzzy logic, the system is able to heuristically interpret the condition of the process, like human operators. After the diagnostic system had been implemented for six months, the production yield rate of the frequency trimming process improved from 85% to 95%. During the implementation of the system, the knowledge of the production engineer as well as of the operators regarding the process improved.<>
{"title":"Self-adjusting diagnostic system for the manufacture of crystal resonators","authors":"B.H. Gwee, M. Lim, B.H. Soong","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299139","url":null,"abstract":"A self-adjusting diagnostic system for monitoring the frequency trimming process is described. The SAFUDS (self-adjusting fuzzy diagnostic system) is capable of adjusting its knowledge to the changes with two incorporated neural networks serving as a convenient online process monitoring system. The development of the SAFUDS not only fulfills the requirement of automating the diagnostics of the trimming process, but it also demonstrates the advantage of fuzzy logic over conventional logic in implementing the system. The use of fuzzy logic avoids the rigidity of conventional reasoning where it is difficult to process information that is definite or imprecise. One of the major advantages of the fuzzy monitoring strategy lies in the intelligibility and flexibility by which the process condition and control actions can be described directly from the experience and advice of an expert. With fuzzy logic, the system is able to heuristically interpret the condition of the process, like human operators. After the diagnostic system had been implemented for six months, the production yield rate of the frequency trimming process improved from 85% to 95%. During the implementation of the system, the knowledge of the production engineer as well as of the operators regarding the process improved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128460679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An attempt is made to quantify the efficiency improvements in electric vehicles which can be obtained with optimized flux control. A constant current ratio control strategy and a true optimum flux control strategy are evaluated and compared in stationary speed-torque working points and for standard driving cycles. This is done by the use of a computer-assisting analysis program for electric vehicles. Two different systems are analyzed; a smaller vehicle with a DC motor drive, and a larger vehicle with an induction motor drive. The constant current ratio control strategy is shown to be a simple alternative to true optimum control for DC motors. Driving cycle calculations show efficiency improvements of up to 5-6% with optimized flux control.<>
{"title":"Efficiency analysis of electric vehicles, with emphasis on efficiency optimized excitation","authors":"A. K. Adnanes, R. Nilsen, R. Loken, L. Norum","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298963","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is made to quantify the efficiency improvements in electric vehicles which can be obtained with optimized flux control. A constant current ratio control strategy and a true optimum flux control strategy are evaluated and compared in stationary speed-torque working points and for standard driving cycles. This is done by the use of a computer-assisting analysis program for electric vehicles. Two different systems are analyzed; a smaller vehicle with a DC motor drive, and a larger vehicle with an induction motor drive. The constant current ratio control strategy is shown to be a simple alternative to true optimum control for DC motors. Driving cycle calculations show efficiency improvements of up to 5-6% with optimized flux control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128761818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an initial step toward establishing a comprehensive research program on building automization, a conceptual framework for a dynamic and integrative control of daylighting and electric lighting systems for commercial buildings is presented. The integrative control of architectural systems creates opportunities to reduce energy consumption in buildings. With the increased application of microprocessors to HVAC, electric lighting, and adjustable facade elements, occupants and climatic conditions can be used to advantage. For daylighting control, an integrative control approach is proposed that considers context variables, control logic, design variables, and control functions. From these, a framework was developed for the integrative control of architectural systems. An important part of the integrative control approach is the application of predictive control functions. In the case of daylighting control, this includes predictors for glare index and light level. By parsimoniously expressing these variables in terms of easily sensed climatic variables and window properties, an integrative solution can be achieved that considers energy efficiency and occupant well being.<>
{"title":"A conceptual framework for dynamic control of daylighting and electric lighting systems","authors":"J.-J. Kim, J. Jones","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299210","url":null,"abstract":"As an initial step toward establishing a comprehensive research program on building automization, a conceptual framework for a dynamic and integrative control of daylighting and electric lighting systems for commercial buildings is presented. The integrative control of architectural systems creates opportunities to reduce energy consumption in buildings. With the increased application of microprocessors to HVAC, electric lighting, and adjustable facade elements, occupants and climatic conditions can be used to advantage. For daylighting control, an integrative control approach is proposed that considers context variables, control logic, design variables, and control functions. From these, a framework was developed for the integrative control of architectural systems. An important part of the integrative control approach is the application of predictive control functions. In the case of daylighting control, this includes predictors for glare index and light level. By parsimoniously expressing these variables in terms of easily sensed climatic variables and window properties, an integrative solution can be achieved that considers energy efficiency and occupant well being.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129642941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sliding mode controller theory is used to develop a unified perspective on the operation of hysteretic controllers (HCs) and ramp-comparison controllers (RCCs). It is shown that additional insight into the operation and tracking ability of the conventional controllers is possible by treating them as special cases of the sliding mode based controller (SMBC) and applying sliding mode control theory. This is accomplished by resisting the HC and the RCC in terms of their operation inside and outside a boundary layer. In particular, it was shown that, with the proper choice of parameters, the SMBC and the RCC differ solely in their region of nominal operation. Whereas the RCC is typically operated within its boundary layer (linear region), the SMBC is designed for operation both inside (linear region) and outside (switched region) its boundary layer. A SMBC was developed with a performance that is superior to the conventional HC and RCC controllers. The transition between nonlinear and linear control is handled quite naturally by the SMBC. The current controller analysis is performed on a DC motor.<>
{"title":"A unified approach to hysteretic and ramp-comparison current controllers","authors":"R. Sepe","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298872","url":null,"abstract":"Sliding mode controller theory is used to develop a unified perspective on the operation of hysteretic controllers (HCs) and ramp-comparison controllers (RCCs). It is shown that additional insight into the operation and tracking ability of the conventional controllers is possible by treating them as special cases of the sliding mode based controller (SMBC) and applying sliding mode control theory. This is accomplished by resisting the HC and the RCC in terms of their operation inside and outside a boundary layer. In particular, it was shown that, with the proper choice of parameters, the SMBC and the RCC differ solely in their region of nominal operation. Whereas the RCC is typically operated within its boundary layer (linear region), the SMBC is designed for operation both inside (linear region) and outside (switched region) its boundary layer. A SMBC was developed with a performance that is superior to the conventional HC and RCC controllers. The transition between nonlinear and linear control is handled quite naturally by the SMBC. The current controller analysis is performed on a DC motor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126091361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model for impulsive electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects caused by relatively low-voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) on digital electronic systems is proposed. The power of impulsive EMI is governed by the product of the following three parameters: charged voltage, rise time of the discharge current, and susceptibility of the system.<>
{"title":"A model for impulsive EMI effects caused by low voltage ESD","authors":"M. Honda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299099","url":null,"abstract":"A model for impulsive electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects caused by relatively low-voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) on digital electronic systems is proposed. The power of impulsive EMI is governed by the product of the following three parameters: charged voltage, rise time of the discharge current, and susceptibility of the system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127522535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach to estimating induction motor speed from measured terminal voltages and currents for speed-sensorless vector control is described. The proposed technique is very simple and robust to variations of motor parameters. This approach is not dependent upon the knowledge of the value of the stator resistance, nor is it affected by stator-resistance thermal variations. Pure integration of sensed variables, in principle, is not required. Therefore, this method can achieve much wider bandwidth speed control than previous tacholess drives. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by simulation and experiment.<>
{"title":"Robust speed identification for speed sensorless vector control of induction motors","authors":"F. Peng, T. Fukao","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298958","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to estimating induction motor speed from measured terminal voltages and currents for speed-sensorless vector control is described. The proposed technique is very simple and robust to variations of motor parameters. This approach is not dependent upon the knowledge of the value of the stator resistance, nor is it affected by stator-resistance thermal variations. Pure integration of sensed variables, in principle, is not required. Therefore, this method can achieve much wider bandwidth speed control than previous tacholess drives. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by simulation and experiment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127563987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors demonstrate a sequence of venting configurations and techniques, from an unmodified compact fluorescent downlight as a control fixture, through a series of venting strategies, to the development of a highly efficient downlight that incorporates a new angular concept in convective venting. With this new venting design, an increase in light output of nearly 25% can be attained without the optical losses generally associated with some venting geometries. The key issue in using convective venting as an effective thermal management technique is to maximize the thermal advantages of the venting configuration while reducing or eliminating the optical losses produced by openings in the envelop of the fixture or reflector. With the proper design and positioning of a convective venting geometry within a particular fixture, all of the benefits of a thermally efficient fixture can be obtained without compromise in optical efficiency.<>
{"title":"Variations in convective venting to increase the efficiency of compact fluorescent downlights","authors":"M. Siminovitch, C. Zhang, N. Kleinsmith","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299186","url":null,"abstract":"The authors demonstrate a sequence of venting configurations and techniques, from an unmodified compact fluorescent downlight as a control fixture, through a series of venting strategies, to the development of a highly efficient downlight that incorporates a new angular concept in convective venting. With this new venting design, an increase in light output of nearly 25% can be attained without the optical losses generally associated with some venting geometries. The key issue in using convective venting as an effective thermal management technique is to maximize the thermal advantages of the venting configuration while reducing or eliminating the optical losses produced by openings in the envelop of the fixture or reflector. With the proper design and positioning of a convective venting geometry within a particular fixture, all of the benefits of a thermally efficient fixture can be obtained without compromise in optical efficiency.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127387182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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