The authors describe a control scheme incorporated in the voltage-fed full-bridge series resonant high-frequency inverter using static induction high power transistors (SITs), which is based on a load-adaptive variable frequency modulated phase-shift PWM (pulse-width modulation) control strategy. The operating principle of the load-adaptive variable frequency PWM series resonant inverter system with a new control scheme is described along with its operating characteristics in steady state. The 20 kW-200 kHz prototype inverter system suitable for induction heating in industry is demonstrated, including a specially designed power transformer. SIT stacks with a water cooling system, and a building-block assembly for high-power use. Experimental results and simulation results are presented. Finally, an improved variable frequency PWM series resonant inverter topology incorporating partially inserted capacitive lossless snubbers is proposed for soft switching and compared with the inverter mentioned above.<>
{"title":"High-frequency inverter with phase-shifted PWM and load-adaptive PFM control strategy for industrial induction-heating","authors":"S. Nagai, H. Nagura, M. Nakaoka, A. Okuno","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299167","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a control scheme incorporated in the voltage-fed full-bridge series resonant high-frequency inverter using static induction high power transistors (SITs), which is based on a load-adaptive variable frequency modulated phase-shift PWM (pulse-width modulation) control strategy. The operating principle of the load-adaptive variable frequency PWM series resonant inverter system with a new control scheme is described along with its operating characteristics in steady state. The 20 kW-200 kHz prototype inverter system suitable for induction heating in industry is demonstrated, including a specially designed power transformer. SIT stacks with a water cooling system, and a building-block assembly for high-power use. Experimental results and simulation results are presented. Finally, an improved variable frequency PWM series resonant inverter topology incorporating partially inserted capacitive lossless snubbers is proposed for soft switching and compared with the inverter mentioned above.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121919701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A single-phase PWM (pulse-width-modulated) current source power converter with a sinusoidal input current is considered. To smooth the DC current in the reduced DC inductance, an LC parallel resonance circuit (tank circuit) is inserted in the DC side of the converter. The proposed converter can supply the constant DC current to a load. Experimental and analysis results show that the tank circuit contributes to the achievement of the smoothing DC current and the decrease of the DC inductance. The steady-state and the transient characteristics of the converter are given.<>
{"title":"Single-phase PWM current source converter with double-frequency parallel resonance circuit for DC smoothing","authors":"S. Nonaka, Y. Neba","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299041","url":null,"abstract":"A single-phase PWM (pulse-width-modulated) current source power converter with a sinusoidal input current is considered. To smooth the DC current in the reduced DC inductance, an LC parallel resonance circuit (tank circuit) is inserted in the DC side of the converter. The proposed converter can supply the constant DC current to a load. Experimental and analysis results show that the tank circuit contributes to the achievement of the smoothing DC current and the decrease of the DC inductance. The steady-state and the transient characteristics of the converter are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116224166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yamane, Y. Kaneko, N. Kitahara, K. Ohshima, M. Yamamoto
The sensing and control of weld pool depth in robotic welding are discussed. A neural network-based method for measuring the depth is proposed, since the depth cannot be directly measured in real time. The weld pool depth is estimated by using the information obtained from the welding side. The surface shape of the weld pool and the width of the groove gap can be measured during the welding. The weld pool depth can also be measured after the welding. Training data were constructed from these numerical data. When the width of the groove gap changes, the weld pool depth changes too. The feedforward control system for the variation of the groove gap width just under the electrode can be constructed by observing the groove gap width before the electrode. The feedback control system was constructed in order to keep the output of the neural network constant. The fuzzy control system was constructed from the feedback control part and the feedforward control part. The validity of a neuro-fuzzy controller was verified by welding experiments.<>
{"title":"Neural network and fuzzy control of weld pool with welding robot","authors":"S. Yamane, Y. Kaneko, N. Kitahara, K. Ohshima, M. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299169","url":null,"abstract":"The sensing and control of weld pool depth in robotic welding are discussed. A neural network-based method for measuring the depth is proposed, since the depth cannot be directly measured in real time. The weld pool depth is estimated by using the information obtained from the welding side. The surface shape of the weld pool and the width of the groove gap can be measured during the welding. The weld pool depth can also be measured after the welding. Training data were constructed from these numerical data. When the width of the groove gap changes, the weld pool depth changes too. The feedforward control system for the variation of the groove gap width just under the electrode can be constructed by observing the groove gap width before the electrode. The feedback control system was constructed in order to keep the output of the neural network constant. The fuzzy control system was constructed from the feedback control part and the feedforward control part. The validity of a neuro-fuzzy controller was verified by welding experiments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122661664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is shown that, by exploiting the inherent tolerances in the braking system, a fuzzy controller can be used to achieve a more comfortable ride for the electric vehicle operator. Tolerances in energy recovery were exploited to gain a more acceptable performance. The fuzzy controller model reduces the velocity error but does not eliminate it completely. The magnitude of the errors has been reduced and separated to the two conditions where only one of the models is operating and the other either has not initiated deceleration or has turned off before the controller expected. These errors are due to the time variables of temperature, brake pad wear, brake pad temperature, and the mechanical frictions in the system. By using the tolerances available in both the energy recovery system and the operating conditions, smoother operation of the vehicle is possible.<>
{"title":"Electric vehicle braking by fuzzy logic control","authors":"J. Paterson, M. Ramsay","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299173","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that, by exploiting the inherent tolerances in the braking system, a fuzzy controller can be used to achieve a more comfortable ride for the electric vehicle operator. Tolerances in energy recovery were exploited to gain a more acceptable performance. The fuzzy controller model reduces the velocity error but does not eliminate it completely. The magnitude of the errors has been reduced and separated to the two conditions where only one of the models is operating and the other either has not initiated deceleration or has turned off before the controller expected. These errors are due to the time variables of temperature, brake pad wear, brake pad temperature, and the mechanical frictions in the system. By using the tolerances available in both the energy recovery system and the operating conditions, smoother operation of the vehicle is possible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":" 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author describes the main features of a distributed control system for industrial continuous processes and, in particular, for applications involving hot rolling mills for wire rods, round bars, and profiles. In rolling mills, a very good tension and loop control increases the plant efficiency, avoids cobbling, and allows a better material quality. Not only a good measurement of process quantities but also appropriate signal processing and good synchronized control algorithms are necessary. Results showing the control performance of the system and tension control in less than a 300 ms stand-distance are reported. R&D results using cycloconverter fed induction motors with field-oriented control are discussed. The first such system was installed for the revamping of a 15 stands mill and has been successfully operating since Sept. 1990; an increase of productivity of over 18% has been achieved.<>
{"title":"Control strategies for rolling mills","authors":"A. Pollmann","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299220","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes the main features of a distributed control system for industrial continuous processes and, in particular, for applications involving hot rolling mills for wire rods, round bars, and profiles. In rolling mills, a very good tension and loop control increases the plant efficiency, avoids cobbling, and allows a better material quality. Not only a good measurement of process quantities but also appropriate signal processing and good synchronized control algorithms are necessary. Results showing the control performance of the system and tension control in less than a 300 ms stand-distance are reported. R&D results using cycloconverter fed induction motors with field-oriented control are discussed. The first such system was installed for the revamping of a 15 stands mill and has been successfully operating since Sept. 1990; an increase of productivity of over 18% has been achieved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"29 3-4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127126042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sliding mode controller theory is used to develop a unified perspective on the operation of hysteretic controllers (HCs) and ramp-comparison controllers (RCCs). It is shown that additional insight into the operation and tracking ability of the conventional controllers is possible by treating them as special cases of the sliding mode based controller (SMBC) and applying sliding mode control theory. This is accomplished by resisting the HC and the RCC in terms of their operation inside and outside a boundary layer. In particular, it was shown that, with the proper choice of parameters, the SMBC and the RCC differ solely in their region of nominal operation. Whereas the RCC is typically operated within its boundary layer (linear region), the SMBC is designed for operation both inside (linear region) and outside (switched region) its boundary layer. A SMBC was developed with a performance that is superior to the conventional HC and RCC controllers. The transition between nonlinear and linear control is handled quite naturally by the SMBC. The current controller analysis is performed on a DC motor.<>
{"title":"A unified approach to hysteretic and ramp-comparison current controllers","authors":"R. Sepe","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298872","url":null,"abstract":"Sliding mode controller theory is used to develop a unified perspective on the operation of hysteretic controllers (HCs) and ramp-comparison controllers (RCCs). It is shown that additional insight into the operation and tracking ability of the conventional controllers is possible by treating them as special cases of the sliding mode based controller (SMBC) and applying sliding mode control theory. This is accomplished by resisting the HC and the RCC in terms of their operation inside and outside a boundary layer. In particular, it was shown that, with the proper choice of parameters, the SMBC and the RCC differ solely in their region of nominal operation. Whereas the RCC is typically operated within its boundary layer (linear region), the SMBC is designed for operation both inside (linear region) and outside (switched region) its boundary layer. A SMBC was developed with a performance that is superior to the conventional HC and RCC controllers. The transition between nonlinear and linear control is handled quite naturally by the SMBC. The current controller analysis is performed on a DC motor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126091361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A direct field orientation controller for synchronous reluctance motors based on determination of the spiral position of the air gap flux from the third harmonic component of the stator phase voltages is presented. The control utilizes the spatial saturation harmonic components rotating at synchronous frequency that are generated in the air gap flux when the machine operates in a saturated condition. When the machine is wye connected, the sum of three-phase voltages results in a signal dominated by the third harmonic component. Using this signal, a completely sensorless drive is implemented which can successfully synchronously start the reluctance motor from zero speed. Extensive experimental results showing the effect of different estimation schemes and practical problems of detecting the flux position from the harmonic voltage signal are presented.<>
{"title":"Position sensorless synchronous reluctance motor drive using the stator phase voltage third harmonic","authors":"L. Kreindler, A. Testa, T. Lipo","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298878","url":null,"abstract":"A direct field orientation controller for synchronous reluctance motors based on determination of the spiral position of the air gap flux from the third harmonic component of the stator phase voltages is presented. The control utilizes the spatial saturation harmonic components rotating at synchronous frequency that are generated in the air gap flux when the machine operates in a saturated condition. When the machine is wye connected, the sum of three-phase voltages results in a signal dominated by the third harmonic component. Using this signal, a completely sensorless drive is implemented which can successfully synchronously start the reluctance motor from zero speed. Extensive experimental results showing the effect of different estimation schemes and practical problems of detecting the flux position from the harmonic voltage signal are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"48 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120850522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A model for impulsive electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects caused by relatively low-voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) on digital electronic systems is proposed. The power of impulsive EMI is governed by the product of the following three parameters: charged voltage, rise time of the discharge current, and susceptibility of the system.<>
{"title":"A model for impulsive EMI effects caused by low voltage ESD","authors":"M. Honda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299099","url":null,"abstract":"A model for impulsive electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects caused by relatively low-voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) on digital electronic systems is proposed. The power of impulsive EMI is governed by the product of the following three parameters: charged voltage, rise time of the discharge current, and susceptibility of the system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127522535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach to estimating induction motor speed from measured terminal voltages and currents for speed-sensorless vector control is described. The proposed technique is very simple and robust to variations of motor parameters. This approach is not dependent upon the knowledge of the value of the stator resistance, nor is it affected by stator-resistance thermal variations. Pure integration of sensed variables, in principle, is not required. Therefore, this method can achieve much wider bandwidth speed control than previous tacholess drives. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by simulation and experiment.<>
{"title":"Robust speed identification for speed sensorless vector control of induction motors","authors":"F. Peng, T. Fukao","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298958","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to estimating induction motor speed from measured terminal voltages and currents for speed-sensorless vector control is described. The proposed technique is very simple and robust to variations of motor parameters. This approach is not dependent upon the knowledge of the value of the stator resistance, nor is it affected by stator-resistance thermal variations. Pure integration of sensed variables, in principle, is not required. Therefore, this method can achieve much wider bandwidth speed control than previous tacholess drives. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by simulation and experiment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127563987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An attempt is made to quantify the efficiency improvements in electric vehicles which can be obtained with optimized flux control. A constant current ratio control strategy and a true optimum flux control strategy are evaluated and compared in stationary speed-torque working points and for standard driving cycles. This is done by the use of a computer-assisting analysis program for electric vehicles. Two different systems are analyzed; a smaller vehicle with a DC motor drive, and a larger vehicle with an induction motor drive. The constant current ratio control strategy is shown to be a simple alternative to true optimum control for DC motors. Driving cycle calculations show efficiency improvements of up to 5-6% with optimized flux control.<>
{"title":"Efficiency analysis of electric vehicles, with emphasis on efficiency optimized excitation","authors":"A. K. Adnanes, R. Nilsen, R. Loken, L. Norum","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298963","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is made to quantify the efficiency improvements in electric vehicles which can be obtained with optimized flux control. A constant current ratio control strategy and a true optimum flux control strategy are evaluated and compared in stationary speed-torque working points and for standard driving cycles. This is done by the use of a computer-assisting analysis program for electric vehicles. Two different systems are analyzed; a smaller vehicle with a DC motor drive, and a larger vehicle with an induction motor drive. The constant current ratio control strategy is shown to be a simple alternative to true optimum control for DC motors. Driving cycle calculations show efficiency improvements of up to 5-6% with optimized flux control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128761818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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