Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976978
Samuel F. Chan, M. Spencer
The Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission has the scientific objective of measuring both soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space. The mission will make both active radar and passive radiometer measurements at L-Band in order to retrieve soil moisture. Some studies, however, indicated that these measurements are susceptible to radio frequency interference (RFI) in several geographic locations. As SMAP is a global mission and its mission life is 3 years, it is crucial for SMAP to understand the RFI over the whole globe and its temporal behavior. There will be impacts to the instrument system design and ground data processing in order to mitigate RFI. In this paper, strategies and procedures for performing this RFI study will be presented, and some results utilizing the RFI observed in the ALOS PALSAR data are described. The nature of the observed RFI is characterized and suggests some bands are relative free of RFI. The SMAP radar system will use a 1 MHz bandwidth, which can be placed within these suggested “clear” frequencies. The ALOS PALSAR data covers 28 MHz within the 80 MHz allocated for active L-Band remote sensing. In addition, an initial analysis with UAVSAR data, which uses the entire 80 MHz allocation, indicates the relative severity of RFI over the whole band. An algorithm to remove RFI is suggested and its performance is shown for some data from ALOS PALSAR and UAVSAR.
{"title":"RFI study for the SMAP radar","authors":"Samuel F. Chan, M. Spencer","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976978","url":null,"abstract":"The Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) mission has the scientific objective of measuring both soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space. The mission will make both active radar and passive radiometer measurements at L-Band in order to retrieve soil moisture. Some studies, however, indicated that these measurements are susceptible to radio frequency interference (RFI) in several geographic locations. As SMAP is a global mission and its mission life is 3 years, it is crucial for SMAP to understand the RFI over the whole globe and its temporal behavior. There will be impacts to the instrument system design and ground data processing in order to mitigate RFI. In this paper, strategies and procedures for performing this RFI study will be presented, and some results utilizing the RFI observed in the ALOS PALSAR data are described. The nature of the observed RFI is characterized and suggests some bands are relative free of RFI. The SMAP radar system will use a 1 MHz bandwidth, which can be placed within these suggested “clear” frequencies. The ALOS PALSAR data covers 28 MHz within the 80 MHz allocated for active L-Band remote sensing. In addition, an initial analysis with UAVSAR data, which uses the entire 80 MHz allocation, indicates the relative severity of RFI over the whole band. An algorithm to remove RFI is suggested and its performance is shown for some data from ALOS PALSAR and UAVSAR.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131210746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977075
G. Krieger, M. Zink, H. Fiedler, I. Hajnsek, M. Younis, S. Huber, M. Bachmann, J. H. Gonzalez, D. Schulze, Johannes Böer, M. Werner, A. Moreira
TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative spaceborne radar interferometer mission that will be launched in autumn 2009. This paper gives an overview of the TanDEM-X mission concept, summarizes the basic products, illustrates the achievable performance, and provides some examples for new imaging modes and applications.
{"title":"THE TanDEM-X Mission: Overview and status","authors":"G. Krieger, M. Zink, H. Fiedler, I. Hajnsek, M. Younis, S. Huber, M. Bachmann, J. H. Gonzalez, D. Schulze, Johannes Böer, M. Werner, A. Moreira","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977075","url":null,"abstract":"TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative spaceborne radar interferometer mission that will be launched in autumn 2009. This paper gives an overview of the TanDEM-X mission concept, summarizes the basic products, illustrates the achievable performance, and provides some examples for new imaging modes and applications.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134529399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977064
E. Paek, J. Choe
This paper describes an over-the-horizon radar with a high resolution imaging capability using time-reversal. By incorporating the extended virtual aperture concept enabled by multipath interference into a double-pass conjugate image scanning scheme, high resolution radar imaging can be achieved without requiring extensive computation or apriori knowledge of environmental conditions. Initial theoretical and experimental results to prove the concept are provided.
{"title":"Over-the-horizon radars with multipath-enabled super-resolution using time-reversal","authors":"E. Paek, J. Choe","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977064","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an over-the-horizon radar with a high resolution imaging capability using time-reversal. By incorporating the extended virtual aperture concept enabled by multipath interference into a double-pass conjugate image scanning scheme, high resolution radar imaging can be achieved without requiring extensive computation or apriori knowledge of environmental conditions. Initial theoretical and experimental results to prove the concept are provided.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977111
B. Williams, Michael P. Owen, D. Long
Although QuikSCAT was originally designed to measure winds at a resolution of 25km, higher resolution wind and rain products have been developed. The 2.5km ultra high resolution (UHR) products allow QuikSCAT data to be used for applications involving rain, meso-scale phenomena, and in coastal applications. This paper overviews and unifies the various UHR products and discusses their advantages and limitations as compared to each other and the conventional 25km product. Theory, consequences of assumptions, and trade-offs are also discussed.
{"title":"The ultra high resolution QuikSCAT product","authors":"B. Williams, Michael P. Owen, D. Long","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977111","url":null,"abstract":"Although QuikSCAT was originally designed to measure winds at a resolution of 25km, higher resolution wind and rain products have been developed. The 2.5km ultra high resolution (UHR) products allow QuikSCAT data to be used for applications involving rain, meso-scale phenomena, and in coastal applications. This paper overviews and unifies the various UHR products and discusses their advantages and limitations as compared to each other and the conventional 25km product. Theory, consequences of assumptions, and trade-offs are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133655364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976980
J. Melody
This paper develops a SAR image reconstruction technique that incorporates knowledge of the scene to be imaged. This knowledge takes the form of predictions of the electromagnetic field propagation throughout the known portion of the scene, a predicted-wavefront map. This technique predicts wavefronts with INSSITE/RFScene based on an electromagnetic scattering model of the known portion. The novel SAR image reconstruction technique incorporates this predicted wavefront map into a filtered-backprojection framework, hence the name Predicted-Wavefront Backprojection. While this paper uses only results from INSSITE/RFScene, it formulates predicted-wavefront backprojection with sufficient generality that it can incorporate wavefront predictions from other electromagnetic-scattering codes, such as the full-wave codes TEMPUS, FISC, and SAF. A possible application for predicted-wavefront backprojection is Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (PISR) of an urban setting.
{"title":"Predicted-Wavefront Backprojection for knowledge-aided SAR image reconstruction","authors":"J. Melody","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976980","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a SAR image reconstruction technique that incorporates knowledge of the scene to be imaged. This knowledge takes the form of predictions of the electromagnetic field propagation throughout the known portion of the scene, a predicted-wavefront map. This technique predicts wavefronts with INSSITE/RFScene based on an electromagnetic scattering model of the known portion. The novel SAR image reconstruction technique incorporates this predicted wavefront map into a filtered-backprojection framework, hence the name Predicted-Wavefront Backprojection. While this paper uses only results from INSSITE/RFScene, it formulates predicted-wavefront backprojection with sufficient generality that it can incorporate wavefront predictions from other electromagnetic-scattering codes, such as the full-wave codes TEMPUS, FISC, and SAF. A possible application for predicted-wavefront backprojection is Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (PISR) of an urban setting.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133723062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977007
D. Pastina, M. Bucciarelli, P. Lombardo
In this paper we exploit a formation of two radar sensors carried by two air platforms to increase the cross-range resolution of ISAR imaging. This is particularly challenging when the motion of the target is limited, as for ISAR images of ship targets from helicopters when the sea state is low. A distributed ISAR technique is devised to process coherently the echoes received by the two radar systems appropriately separated in angle; if both of them are active sensors, one is assumed able to receive and separate the echoes both from its own transmission and from the transmission of the other sensor (MIMO distributed ISAR), otherwise a configuration with one active radar system and one receiving only device is considered (bistatic distributed ISAR). The distributed ISAR technique is tested on simulated data to evaluate its effectiveness in achieving an improvement of the cross-range resolution; for a given number of flying platforms better values of cross-range resolution are obtained when more than one receiving channel per sensor is considered. Specifically, with two platforms, an increase in resolution up to three times the single sensor ISAR case is demonstrated in the MIMO configuration, as opposed to the enhancement of a factor up to two achieved in the bistatic case. Moreover, results obtained by processing the experimental data collected by a ground based radar operating together with a rotating platform are shown to prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
{"title":"Multi-platform ISAR for flying formation","authors":"D. Pastina, M. Bucciarelli, P. Lombardo","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977007","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we exploit a formation of two radar sensors carried by two air platforms to increase the cross-range resolution of ISAR imaging. This is particularly challenging when the motion of the target is limited, as for ISAR images of ship targets from helicopters when the sea state is low. A distributed ISAR technique is devised to process coherently the echoes received by the two radar systems appropriately separated in angle; if both of them are active sensors, one is assumed able to receive and separate the echoes both from its own transmission and from the transmission of the other sensor (MIMO distributed ISAR), otherwise a configuration with one active radar system and one receiving only device is considered (bistatic distributed ISAR). The distributed ISAR technique is tested on simulated data to evaluate its effectiveness in achieving an improvement of the cross-range resolution; for a given number of flying platforms better values of cross-range resolution are obtained when more than one receiving channel per sensor is considered. Specifically, with two platforms, an increase in resolution up to three times the single sensor ISAR case is demonstrated in the MIMO configuration, as opposed to the enhancement of a factor up to two achieved in the bistatic case. Moreover, results obtained by processing the experimental data collected by a ground based radar operating together with a rotating platform are shown to prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977035
R.B. Hartmann, J. Bray
This paper proposes a method for airborne fire control radars in their air-to-air modes to improve the radar detection range of targets intentionally flying to present Doppler returns that fall either into main lobe clutter or altitude return. The use of UWB short pulses improves the target to clutter ratio and hence the radar detection range.
{"title":"Improving the radar detection ange of low flying aircraft in clutter with ultra-widband short pulses and active side lobe reduction","authors":"R.B. Hartmann, J. Bray","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for airborne fire control radars in their air-to-air modes to improve the radar detection range of targets intentionally flying to present Doppler returns that fall either into main lobe clutter or altitude return. The use of UWB short pulses improves the target to clutter ratio and hence the radar detection range.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128648179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977142
M. Wicks
The U.S. Air Force has set an ambitious goal to be able to anticipate, find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess - anything, anytime, anywhere [1]. We will not achieve order of magnitude improvement in detection and tracking performance solely through larger antennas and more power. Instead, advanced signal processing techniques and system concepts will be required. Achieving the sought after demanding goals will instead require a distributed network of heterogeneous sensors.
{"title":"A brief history of waveform diversity","authors":"M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977142","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Air Force has set an ambitious goal to be able to anticipate, find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess - anything, anytime, anywhere [1]. We will not achieve order of magnitude improvement in detection and tracking performance solely through larger antennas and more power. Instead, advanced signal processing techniques and system concepts will be required. Achieving the sought after demanding goals will instead require a distributed network of heterogeneous sensors.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133057900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976931
M. Cheney, Ling Wang, B. Borden
We develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal, and spectral aspects of scattered waves. We consider the case of fixed, distributed transmitters and receivers, and a general distribution of objects, each undergoing linear motion; thus the theory deals with imaging distributions in phase space. We derive a model for the data that is appropriate for any set of waveforms, and show how it specializes to familiar results when the targets are far from the antennas and when narrowband waveforms are used.
{"title":"Spatial, temporal, and spectral aspects of radar data","authors":"M. Cheney, Ling Wang, B. Borden","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976931","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal, and spectral aspects of scattered waves. We consider the case of fixed, distributed transmitters and receivers, and a general distribution of objects, each undergoing linear motion; thus the theory deals with imaging distributions in phase space. We derive a model for the data that is appropriate for any set of waveforms, and show how it specializes to familiar results when the targets are far from the antennas and when narrowband waveforms are used.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133375818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976951
H. Erkens, R. Wunderlich, S. Heinen
The key components of a transmit/receive module have been integrated into a RFIC in a 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It suits S-band radar applications according to the IEC standard 62388. The phase shifter, being the core part of the module, consists of a novel high resolution (2 × 5 bit) direct digitally controlled dual-path programmable gain amplifier driving a successive two pole passive polyphase filter. The device is able to shift phases as well as amplitudes simultaneously. 1024 equally distributed phase/amplitude states can be achieved with this device. On-chip baluns have been integrated before and after the fully differential phase shifter for reducing the off-chip component count. Multi-tanh gm stages are employed to increase linearity. Transmit/receive switching at the feed network interface is done on-chip. In receive mode, the circuit features on-chip 50Ω-compatible single-ended in- and outputs and a full 360° phase shifting range. In transmit mode, the input stays single-ended while a differential output enables the usage of low-cost differential silicon-based power amplifiers.
发送/接收模块的关键组件已集成到0.25 μ m SiGe BiCMOS技术的RFIC中。它适用于符合IEC 62388标准的s波段雷达应用。移相器是该模块的核心部分，由一个新型的高分辨率(2 × 5位)直接数字控制双路可编程增益放大器驱动连续两极无源多相滤波器组成。该装置能够同时移相和移幅。该装置可实现1024个均匀分布的相位/振幅状态。片上平衡器在完全差分移相器之前和之后集成，以减少片外元件数量。采用多段通用级来提高线性度。馈电网络接口的发送/接收交换是在片上完成的。在接收模式下，电路具有片上50Ω-compatible单端输入和输出以及完整的360°相移范围。在发射模式下，输入保持单端，而差分输出允许使用低成本的差分硅基功率放大器。
{"title":"A novel SiGe RFIC approach towards low-cost S-band transmit/receive modules","authors":"H. Erkens, R. Wunderlich, S. Heinen","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976951","url":null,"abstract":"The key components of a transmit/receive module have been integrated into a RFIC in a 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It suits S-band radar applications according to the IEC standard 62388. The phase shifter, being the core part of the module, consists of a novel high resolution (2 × 5 bit) direct digitally controlled dual-path programmable gain amplifier driving a successive two pole passive polyphase filter. The device is able to shift phases as well as amplitudes simultaneously. 1024 equally distributed phase/amplitude states can be achieved with this device. On-chip baluns have been integrated before and after the fully differential phase shifter for reducing the off-chip component count. Multi-tanh gm stages are employed to increase linearity. Transmit/receive switching at the feed network interface is done on-chip. In receive mode, the circuit features on-chip 50Ω-compatible single-ended in- and outputs and a full 360° phase shifting range. In transmit mode, the input stays single-ended while a differential output enables the usage of low-cost differential silicon-based power amplifiers.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123592798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：